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NOW READY, AND TO BE CONTINUED QUARTERLY. 
Vols. I & IT. III. New Series, (or Vols. V. VI. & VII. of the Entire Work), containing each 
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and Vol. IV. Part, I. with 50 Plates, London, 1845. 14s. 


OF THE 


ICONES PLANTARUM; 
OR, 
FIGURES WITH BRIEF DESCRIPTIVE CHARACTERS AND REMARKS OF NEW 
AND RARE PLANTS, 
SELECTED FROM THE AUTHOR’S HERBARIUM. 


BY SIR WILLIAM JACKSON HOOKER, K.C.H. L.L.D. F.R.A. & L.S. &c. 


VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE LINNÆAN SOCIETY, AND DIRECTOR OF THE ROYAL 
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SERTUM uhi et 


OR, 
DRAWINGS AND DESCRIPTIONS OF RARE AND UNDESCRIBED PLANTS 
; FROM THE AUTHOR’S HERBARIUM. 
BY H, B. FIELDING, F.L.S. & R.G.S. 
| ASSISTED BY a E cor 
GEORGE GARDNER, FLS. —— Ue eee 


SUPERINTENDENT OF THE ROYAL poramic CARDENS, TT eee 


THE 


LONDON 


JOURNAL OF BOTANY; 


CONTAINING 


FIGURES AND DESCRIPTIONS 


OF 


SUCH PLANTS AS RECOMMEND THEMSELVES BY THEIR 
NOVELTY, RARITY, HISTORY, OR USES; 


TOGETHER WITH 


BOTANICAL NOTICES AND INFORMATION, 
AND 


OCCASIONAL MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BOTANISTS; 


BY 


SIR W. J. HOOKER, K.H., D.C.L, FR, A, & L.S. 


VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE LINNÆAN SOCIETY; HONORARY MEMBER OF THE ROYAL IRISH 

ACADEMY; MEMBER OF THE IMPERIAL ACADEMY CÆSAR-LEOPOLD. NATURE CUKIOSORUM; 

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AND DIRECTOR OF THE ROYAL GARDENS OF KEW. 


VOL IV. 
WITH TWENTY-FOUR PLATES. 


LONDON: 
HIPPOLYTE BAILLIERE, PUBLISHER, 


FOREIGN BOOKSELLER TO THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS, AND TO THE idein d 
ROYAL MEDICO-CHIRURGICAL SOCIETY, ed 


219, REGENT STREET. 
PARIS: J. B, BAILLIERE, RUE DE L'ÉCOLE DE MÉDECINE. 
LEIPZIG; T. O. WEIGEL, : Po 
1845. 


THE 


LONDON JOURNAL OF BOTANY. 


EDITED BY 


SIR W. J. HOOKER, KH., LLD, F.R.S., & LS: 


A Note upon the Genus SaRcoBATUS, Nees. By PROFESSOR 
Lixpzey, Ph. D. &c. &c. 


A figure of this remarkable plant having been published 
lately in the Botanische Zeitung, (p. 753, 1844,) with a short 
account of it by Dr. Seubert, it may be interesting to Botan- 
ists to be informed that it is the Batis ? vermiculata of Sir 
William Hooker, who so called a plant gathered by Douglas 
at the junction of Lewis and Clarke's River and the Columbia. 
That plant was supposed to be a male; and I had entertained 
the same opinion until the appearance of Dr. Seubert's 
figure, which has taught me how to find good female flowers 
in Douglas's specimens. They are extremely minute, buried 
in silky hairs, and completely hidden by the base of the 
leaves. "Their examination has enabled me to determine the 
internal structure of the ovary, which Dr. Seubert does not 
mention. 
|. [he ovary of TEE is one-celled, and it contains one 
- ovule only, rising from the base of the cavity by a very 
short funiculus, and curved downwards, so as to assume the 
condition to which modern Botanists have given the name of 
campylotropal; whether, however, this condition is eventu- 
ally altered I am unable to say: but I presume that the 
flowers I have been able to examine are unimpregnated, for 
the apex of the nucleus projected conser beyong fh 
mouth of the foramen. | 
|... Of the perianth figured by Dr. Sonhert Loan find no trace, 
. unless a brownish transverse lino, which was observable | on 
3 VOL. IV. ee 


> NOTES ON THE SARCOBATUS. 


one of the oldest flowers should have been so considered. 
The stigmata are two, but very unequal, one of them 
being rudimentary, and this I found to be so universal, that 
I cannot suppose it to be the result of accident; they stand 
right and left of the axis. It should also be observed that 
connected with this inequality of the stigmata is a great 
obliquity in the ovary, one side being very convex, while the 
other is almost straight. 

As to the affinity of Sarcobatus, the probability is that the 
genus belongs to the diclinous plants associated with Cheno- 
podiacee. Indeed I had at one time laid my specimens into 
Kochia, so much does it resemble that genus. Until, how- 
ever, seeds can be examined, this point must necessarily 
remain unsettled. 

It is certainly very like Batis in its male flowers, especially 
as they are described by Willdenow ; but it can have no real 
affinity with that ill-understood plant,* which must remain 


in a great measure a puzzle until the ripe seeds of it shall - 
have been examined. Without, however, venturing just now - 


to offer any suggestion as to its station in the Natural System, 
I may mention that it has no such * involucrum diphyllum” as 
istobe met with in books, and I do not think that its ovary is 
one-celled as it is described by Endlicher. Some good spe- 


cimens, which I owe to the kindness of Sir W. Hooker, - 


enable me to state that the female inflorescence consists of : 


a spike of naked, fleshy, four- to six-celled ovaries, completely 


consolidated into a succulent cone; each ovary has a single | 
roundish sessile emarginate stigma on the upper edge. In 
each cell there is a single erect ovule. At least, so I interpret | 
the structure, which, from its succulence, is extremely diffi- - 
cult to make out. I believe the scales which Endlicher : 
describes as belonging to each ovary, to be nothing more 


* It is necessary to observe that the observations upon Batidee in the - 
Natural System of Botany, ed. 2, p. 175, were made in the belief that Dr. 
Wallich's Batis aurantiaca belonged to the genus. It, however, being a 
widely different plant, the remarks offered in the work referred to have - 


no application. 


3 
Í 
| 
; 


1 


PLANTA CELLULARES. 3 


than the back of the ovaries; this, at least, seems certain, 
that if they are scales, they are completely consolidated 
with the ovaries at an early period. The seeds of authors 
appear to me to be the cells of the ovary, very easily sepa- 
rated no doubt. My reasons for entertaining that opinion 
are, first, that they evidently cohere around their axis by the 
whole of their inner edge; secondly, that they have that 
tough fibrous horizontal texture, which is a characteristic of 
the endocarp, but which I do not remember having observed 
in seeds ; and thirdly, that they are invariably empty of any 
thing except a small brownish corpuscule at their base, 
which I take to be the abortive ovule. And this seems to 
explain why nobody has been able to make out the structure 
of Batis seeds; empty carpels, containing an abortive ovule 
having been the parts examined, and not the seeds themselves. 
It is very much to be desired that ripe seeds should be ob- 
tained, and any West Indian botanist who would send them 
home would be rendering a good service to science. That 
British botanists should be ignorant of the structure of one 
of the commonest plants in one of their oldest colonies is 
certainly not a thing to be proud of. B 


PLANTÆ CELLULARES quas in insulis Philippinensibus a 
cl. CUMING collecte recensuit, observationibus non nullis de- 
scriptionibusque illustravit, C. MONTAGNE, D.M. 


(Continued from p. 662 of Vol. III.) 
Licnenss, Fries. 


31. Opegrapha, comma, Ach. Syn. Lich. p. 3. var. ‘tenella, 
Montag.—Graphis fenella, Ach. l. c. p. 80.—Coll. n. 
2160. 

32. O. rigida Fée, Essai, p. 29 et Suppl. p. 23, t. 35. f. 5. 
O. crusta hypophlæode lævigata fulva linea nigra limitata; _ 

apotheciis erumpentibus (plerisque) simplicibus elevatis elon- - 

gatisque rigidiusculis æut et flexuosis utroque apice obtusis - 

marginibus patulis medio sulcatis interdum pulvere albo (an 

pep 2 nu = atro opaco mere s üpe 
QOO mp | SUR CHR 2 sapete : , 


4 PLANTA CELLULARES. 


nucleum griseum canaliculatum, hine sectione transversali 

reniformem obtegente; sporidiis mature liberis primo hya- 

linis bisporis, tandem faliginosis transversim octies annu- 
latis, annulis trisporis. Nos. 
Cum. cl. Fee Graphidem elongatam,Zenck. (Pharm. Warenk. 

p. 165, t. 22. fig. a—f.), huc referente, facillime sentio. 

Liceat tirones unum illud monere, ne nimis sporidiorum secun- 

dum atetem perquam dissimilium forme confideant. Sectio 

transversalis nuclei, que reniformis est, nee non perithecium 
subtus deficiens, note eximiæ ad hanc speciem distinguen- 
dam, cum huic propric videantur. 

33. Graphis crysenteron, Montag. Ann. Sc. nat. 2 sér. Bot. - 
tom. 18, p. 269.— Coll. n. 2161. 

34. Glyphis heteroclita, Montag. l. c. tom. 19, p. 83. PI. 2, 
fig. 1.—var. orbicularis. Coll. n. 2166. ET * 
Si formam stromatis non ramosi excipias, nullum inter 

typum et varietatem adest discrimen. 


STEGOBOLUS, Montag. Nov. Gen. 


Thallus crustaceus. Apothecia erumpentia donum Pu j 
paniformia, epiphragmate lenticulari primo clausa, tandem . 
circumscissa et, epiphragmate delapso, late aperta. Ab ex- 
cipulo interiori membranaceo lacero-dehiscente nucleus the- | 
ciger velatus. Est, paucis, Thelotrema epiphragmate caduco - 
auctum. Nomen a vocibus grecis oreyoc, tectum, et BáAAw — 
projicio, depromptum. 

Hujus generis, quod autem lichenologis maxime commendo, © 
analogia perquam manifesta, hinc cum Eustegia, illinc cum | 
Craterio, quamvis ad ordines valde diversos pertineant, non — 
potest non omnes percellere. 
35. Stegobolus Berkeleyanus, Montag. ms.; rasta membra- 4 

nacea tenui (limitata ?) ; apothcæiis prominulis tympanifor- E 

mibus, aperture ample disco albo lenticulari caduco primo | 

occluse, margine elevato lacero disco concolori, excipulo | 
crasso nucleum uni ant pluriocularem | cingente.— Coll. ! 

n. 2185. 

Has. In cortice rugoso, 1 

Juvat quasdam addere notas absolutiori ejusdem cognitioni 1 


PLANTA CELLULARES. 5 


inservientes. Apothecium cylindricum, truncatum, 4. millim. 

crassum, junius apice disco niveo lenticulari semimillim. lato 

tandem deciduo clausum.. Nucleus gelatinosus e paraphy- 

sibus tenuissimis intricatis, quibus asci clavati 7-100 millim. 

longi, nidulantur. Sporidia octona, oblonga, hyalina, sporas 

quatuor foventia ascis unica serie inclusa. 

Unicam speciem insignis hujusce generis in testimonium 
gratissimi animi Reverendo M. J. Berkeley, amico generosis- 
simo, qui mecum suam cryptogamarum Philippinensium col- 
lectionem dividere dignatus est, dicare liceat. 

36. Pyxine sorediata, Fr. Montag. Crypt. Cuba. p. 188, t. 7, 
f. 4, icon. analyt.—Collect. Berk. No. 2178 et 2174. In 
aliis collectionibus non eadem. 

37. Fissurina insculpta? Monfag. Ann. Sc. nat. Bot. 2 Sér. 
Oct. 1842, p. 50. An tantum n. 2161 anamorphoes ? 

Has. Ad crustam vitro fragiliorem. Cuming, Exsic. n. 2158. 

38. Paradothion Acharii, Montag. Crypt. Cuba, p. 153.— 
Trypethelium anomalum, Ach. Syn. Lich. p. 105.—Coll. n. 
2163. ; 

39. Trypethelium Cumingii, Montag. ms; crusta vix ulla, 
stromate corticali ferrugineo, apotheciis in verruca seriatis 
ovato-oblongis papillatis tandem erumpentibus vertice 
denudatis pulvere rubiginoso adspersis. Asci clavati spo- 
ridia octona biseriata foventes. Sporidia oblongo-elliptica, 
vigesies annulata, annulis minute quadrate cellulosis, limbo 
lato hyalino cincta. 

Has. In cortice arborum. Coll. n. 2170. 

40. T. areolatum, Montag. ms.; crusta areolata cervina, m 
mate depresso concolori tandem elevato deformi nigrescente 
apotheciis immersis et protrusis aggregatis, ostiolo crasso 
atro instructis. 

Has. In cortice indeterminato.—Exsic. n. 2164. : 

Thallus crustaceus sulcis verrucas peritheciorum segregan- 
tibus areolatus, colore cervino per madorem intensiore dis- 
tinctus. Verrucæ depressæ, interdum elevate, conice de- 
formesve, apice nigricantes. Stroma corticale e stratis ten- 
uissimis pallidis neta alternatim formatui; tandem (an 


6 PLANTA CELLULARES,. 


colore atro peritheciorum inquinatum ?) sursum nigricans. 

Perithecia pauca (2—6) in eadem verruca, semimillimetro 

minora, ovoidea, erecta ant paululum inclinata, parietibus 

crassis insignia, nucleo albo farcta, ostiolo brevi atro ad su- 
perficiem verrucæ spectantia. Asci clavati, ampli, mature 
evanescentes, sporidia octona serie duplici disposita includen- 
tes. Sporidia tandem gelatina religata, fusiformia, limbo lato 
cincta, novies annulata, h. e. nucleum hyalinum in sporas 
denas divisum foventia, inter paraphyses tenuissimas ramosas 
intricatas nidulantia. Asci sporidiaque T. Sprengelii, Ach. 

Hæc species, affinitate T. T. erwmpenti et deformi, Fée, mag- 
nopere conjuncta, a priori verrucis utplurimum depressis, 
crusta areolata, sporidiis non tetrasporis, a posteriori iisdem 
notis nec non stromate albido diversissima videtur. Cum 
nulla alia confundenda. 

41. Biatoræ vestite, Montag. Ann. Sc. nat. Bot. 2 Sér. tom. 
2, p. 273.— Crypt. Cuba p. 195, t. 9, fig. 2. Species prox- 
ia.—Coll. n. 2188. 

42. Stereocaulon ramulosum, Ach. iem Lich. P. coll 
n. 2183. 

43. Coccocarpia incisa, Pers. in Gandich. Bot. Voy. Vrane 
p- 206.— Coll. n. 2181. 

44. Parmelia applanata, Fée. Montag. Crypt. Cuba p. 223. 
t. 8, fig. 1.— Coll. n. 2186. 

45. P. relicina, Fries. Syst. orb. veget. p. 283.—Coll. Webb, 
n. 2180. 

46. P. Sandwichiana, Pers. l. c. p. 199. —Coll. n. 2179. An 
a sequente revera distincta ? 

47. P. pannosa, Ach. Syn. Lich. p. 202.—Coll. n. 2187. 

48. Sticta aspera, Laur. in Linnea, Janv. 1, p. 41. Montag. 
Crypt. Voy. Bonite p. 147.— Coll. n. 2156. 

49. S. sinuosa, Pers. l. c. p. 200.—Coll. Deless. 2176.— Coll. 
Berkel. 2175. 


Byssacez, Fries. 


50. Collema /wridum, Montag. in Gaudich. Bot. Voy. Bonite, 


PLANTA CELLULARES. 7 


Crypt. p. 115, t. 146, fig. 3.—Coll. Webb. et Deless. n- 
p 0r 
51. C. dyrsinum, Ach. Syn. Lich. p. 319. — Coll. n. 2184. 
52. Leptogium phyllocarpum, Montag. Lib —Collema phyl- 
locarpum, Pers. 1. c. p. 204.—Coll. n. 2180. 
53. L. azureun, Montag. Cuba, Crypt. p. 114.—Coll. n. 2182. 
54. L. Rottleri? Montag. Hb.—Collema Ach. l. c. p. 326. 
.. Species mihi prorsus ignota, cujus characteres cum nostro 
lichene congruere videntur. 


Hepatica, Juss. 


55. Plagiochila dichotoma N. ab E. in Lindenb. Sp. hepat. p. 
66, t. 13, f. 1, et t. 17, f. 1.—Coll. n. 2191. Ad corticem 
crescit. 

56. Jungermannia Junghuhniana, N. ab E. Syn. Hepat. p. 87- 
vel species eidem affinis. : 

Has. Ad terram. 

Omnibus notis cum illa convenit, nisi quod flagella deficere 
videntur. Surcula quidem inveni tenuiora, laxifolia et om- 
nino libera, inter caules serpentia, imo eorum radicellis intri- 
cata, que huic aliena ducere fas est. Quamobrem an a caule 
originem ducant valde incertum est. E 
57. Lophocolea connata, Sw. et N. ab E. Syn. Hepat. p. 153. 

Cum Racopilo tomentoso ad cortices habitat. Coll. n. 2196, 
58. Physiotium Sphagnoides, N. ab E. Hepat. Eur. 111; p. 85- 

Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 47. Sub Jungermannia. Ad corticem ` 

arborum crescit.—Coll. n. 2192. 

59. Mastigophora diclados, N. ab E. l. c. p. 18.— Coll. n. 

60. Frullania secundiflora, Montag. Ann. Sc. nat. Bot. 2 Sér. 
tom. 19. p. 258.— 9 in Coll. Berk. et Webb. 3 in Coll. 
Deless. 

61. Frullania (Bryopteris) spathulistipa, N. ab E. l. c. p. 211. 
Ad corticem.—Coll. n. 2190. sa 

62. Phragmicoma Cumingiana, Montag. ms; caule arcte —— 
repente dichotomo, foliis densissime imbricatis verticalibus — 

-orbiculatis concavis margine infero plicatis, plica undulata 


dis 


8 PLANTE CELLULARES. 


basi prope caulem bidentata, siccitate cauli cireumvolutis 

subsquarrosis ; amphigastriis folio triplo minoribus imbri- 

catis cuneatis apice retusis, angulis obtusis, medio rhizo- 
phoris; fructu terminali, foliis involucralibis majoribus 
bifidis, laciniis inæqualibus sinuque acutis amphigastrium 
oblongum canaliculatum apice breviter bifidum æquanti- 
bus; perianthio obovato involucralia vix superante, basi 
levi, apice quinqueplieato, plicis obtusis cucullatis, stylo 
longo exserto apice excavato. 

Has. Ad cortices. Exsicc. 2189. 

Caulis cortici arcte adrepens, uncialis, dichotome ramosus. 
Rami erecto-patentes velstrictiusculi. Folia densissima im- 
bricata, sicco cauli circumvoluta, specie squarrosula, madida 
vero axplicata, nec tamen explanata, sed concava et plicata. 
Plica basi saccata et oblonga totum marginem inferum occu- 
pans que dein dentes binos ternosve acutos gerit et apicem 
versus foli undans evanescit. Amphigastria cuneata, apice 
emarginato-retusa, foliis triplo quadruplove minora, imbricata. 
Fructus ad apicem ramulorum terminalis, junior quinque 
costatus, costis obtusis crassis, stylo longe exserto coronatus. 
involucralia bifida, laciniis ineequalibus acutis. Am- 
astrium iisdem æquale, oblongum, marginibus recurvis 
canaliculatum, apice breviter bifidum, laciniis subdenticulatis. 
Perianthium obovatum, breve et foliis involucralibus sepultum 
basi leve, supra medium in cristas quinque obtusas cucullatas 
divisum. Capsula non visa. Color fuscus. 

Species eximia pluribus aliis affinis at ab omnibus plane 
diversa. A Phragmicoma bicolori perianthis terminali non 
plicato; a P. nodulosa forma amphigastriorum lobuloque 


foliorum; a P. P. juliformi et polycarpa tandem lobulo dentato 
foliorum nec non aliis notis maxime recedit. 


Musoi, Dill. Linn. 


63. Leucophanes squarrosum, Brid. Bryol. univ. 1, p. 764.— 


Coll. n. 2213.—A  Syrrhopodonte candido et Mo uiae 
Schwgr.; planta valde diversa. 


4. Macromitrium incurvifolium, Schwægr. M 1k P. 2, d 


PLANTA CELLULARES. 9 


p. 144. Orthotrichum incurvifolium, Hook. et Grev. 
Edinb. Journ. of Science, 1824, 1, p. 117, t. 5.—Coll. n. 
2202. 

65. Calymperes loncophyllum, Schwægr. Suppl. 1, P. 2, p. 333, 

t. 98.— Coll. n. 2214. Sterile. 

68. Octoblepharum albidum, Hedw. Musc. Frond. 111, p. 15, 

t. 6.— Coll. n. 2211. 

67. Campylopus...... 

68. Bryum coronatum? ? Schwægr. Suppl. 1, P. 2, p. 103, t. 71. 
Coll. n. 2199. Capsula immatura, at reliqua conveniunt. 
69. Pterogonium squarrosulum, Montag. ms.; repens, caule 
alterne ramoso, ramis simplicibus teretibus ascendentibus, 
foliis dense imbricatis ovatis sub apice acuminatis, acumine 
patenti, enerviis subintegerrimis, perichætialibus oblongis 
filiformi-acuminatis intimis longe crinitis piden: ; sepu 

eylndrácea?. v.a e 
Has. Ad cortices arborum. Gonna Basic. n. 2201. 

-Pterogonio urceolato, Schwegr. proxima species a quo 
tamen foliis in humido patentibus siccitate vero strictis, 
acumine solo patente, ad augmentum maximum microscopii 
sub apice manifeste denticulatis, in medio laxe lineari-areo- 
latis, pericheetialibus omnino diversis, capsula tandem minime 
urceolata, sed exacte cylindrica, recedere videtur, si fides 
iconi saltem et descriptioni, caeterum incomplete, tribuenda. 
Insuper in ejus habitu aliquid P. Airtelli profert, sed foliis 
non utitur ciliatis. 

Caulis sescuncialis, fasciculis radicellarum validarum arcte 
cortici totus adrepens, distiche ramosus. Rami alterni, bre- 
vissimi, longitudine lineam parum superantes, adscendentes 
vel madore admoto erectiusculi, teretes, myuroides, seta 
porcina vix crassiores (in sicco). Folia confertim undique 
imbricata, concava, ovata, apice acuminata, acumine brevi 
recurvo, madore patenti-erecta, siccitate cauli appressa, vix 
sub vitris maxime augentibus denticulata, prorsus enervia. 
Areolatio insignis : nervi vice cernuntur cellule lineares a 
basi ultra medium flabellatim irradiantes et undique aliis. 
'celiulis quadratis opacioribus cireumdatæ. - ‘Folia = chee- 


10 PLANTE CELLULARES. 


tialia humida hyalina, sicca decolorata, exteriora ovata, media 
oblonga, intima oblongo-lanceolata vaginam pedunculique 
basin amplectentia, omnia integra et in productionem fili- 
formem reflexam desinentia. Areolatio æqualis, laxa. Vagi- 
nula cylindrica. Pedunculus in caule primordio lateralis, 
levis, 4 lineas metiens, sinistrorsum tortilis, stramineus. 

Capsula erecta, cylindrica, lineam longa, fulva. Omnibus 

speciminibus visis peristomium corruptum fuit. Operculum 

calyptraque deerant. 

69. Dicnemon rugosum ? Brid. Bryol. univ. ii. p. 216. Leuco- 
don rugosus, Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 20. Coll. n. 2197. 
Sterile. 

70. Spiridens Reinwardti N. ab E. Nov. Act. Acad. Nat. 
Curios. xi. 1. p. 143, t. 17, f. g. h. Hook. Misc. Bot. 1. p. 1, 
cum icone splendida. Coll. n. 2210. Sterile. 

71. Hookeria Philippinensis, Montag. ms.; caule primario 

. repente ramoso, ramis pinnatis approximatis teretibus bre- 
vibus, foliis caulinis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis, rameis 
oblongis cochleariformibus apice recurvo obtuso subacu- 
minulato undulato crispo tenuissime denticulatis, breviter 
binerviis, perichetialibus lanceolatis apice dissectis den- | 
tato-spinulosis; calyptra piloso-hirta, pilis lanosis albis; - 
pedunculo scabro; capsula elongata horizontali operculo 
convexo longe rostrato. 

Has. Ad cortices in insulis Philippinis primus eam legit 
cl. Cuming et venalem prostitit sub n. 2208, quæ imper- 
fecta in sola collectione Berkeleyana obvia. Specimina 
autem completa in Java insula lecta mecum humanissime 
communicavit cl. Miquel, Professor Roterodamus, e quibus 
sequentem descriptionem conscribere potui. 

Caulis repens, biuncialis, pinnatim ramosus. Rami ap- 
proximati, breves, in specimine Cumingiano secundi incur- 
viusculi, in Miqueliano patuli, teretes. Folia dense imbricata, 
caulina ovato-lanceolata, concava, ramea oblonga cochleari- 
formia, omnia binervia, nervis brevibus divergentibus, apice - 
recurvo undulato-crispo acuminata, subtiliter denticulata, li- - 
neari areolata. Perichætialia sena octonave enervia, exteriora … 


PLANT/E CELLULARES. 11 


breviora ovata, levia, interiora longiora ovato-lanceolata acu- 
minata, plicis longitudinalibus notata, apice laciniata, lacinulis 
dentato-spinulosis. 

Pedunculus e vaginula cylindrica fusca in caule primario 
lateralis, 3 lineas longus, validus, scaberrimus, purpureus, 
non tortilis. Capsula cylindrica, elongata, basi attenuata, 
lineam longitudine superans, horizontalis aut tantum nutans, 
brumea. Operculum e basi hemisphærica longe rostratum, 
cum rostro tenui obliquo capsulam fere adeequans, dilute 
luteolum. Calyptra mitræformis alba pilis crispis erectis 
onusta. Peristomii exterioris dentes 16 lanceolati, subacu- 
minulati, transversim subtilissimeque trabeculati linea longi- 
tudinali media exarati, rubri, siccitate inflexi; interius, mem- 
brana lutescens in cilia 16 lanceolata, carinata, non lacunosa, 
fissa, ciliolis nullis interpositis. 

Hanece speciem ab omnibus congeneribus, quamvis 
numerosis, perbelle distinguit forma foliorum propria et 
insignis. Anictangium planifolium, Hedwig (Spec. Musc. 
t. 6. f. 6-9) non male nostram plantam refert, que foliis bi- 
nerviis concavis, non autem planis et enerviis, nec non 
capsula levi, diploperistoma, foliis perichætialibus dissectis 
et denticulato-spinulosis utens non potest non esse diversis- 
sima. 

72. Hypnum cupressiforme? Linn.—Sterile. Coll. n. 2204. 
73. H. delicatulum, Hedw. Musc. Frond. iv. t. 33. “Coll. 

n. 2206. 

74. H° gratum, Pal. Beauv. Prodr. p. 64.—Schweegr. Sopp”. 

iii. t. 228. b. Coll. n. 2200. 

75. Racopilum fomentosum (Pal. Beauv.) Brid. Bryol. univ. 

ii. p. 719.—Hypnum tomentosum, Swartz.—Hedw. Musc. 

Frond. iv. t. 19. Coll. n. 2196.* 


* [n the title of this paper for Plante collectæ, read Plantas collectas. 


12 ON TWO NEW PLANTS. 


Characters of Two New Puanrs discovered in British 
Guiana; by the CHEVALIER Rosert H. ScHOMBURKGK, 
K.R.E., Honorary Doctor of Philosophy of the Un 
versity of Konigsberg, &c. &c. 1 


1. ALEXANDRA IMPERATRICIS, Schomb. 


. Nat. Ord. Leguminose. 


ALEXANDRA, Schomb. Gen. nov. Cal. campanulatus, 
carnosus, amplus, breviter et latissime 5-dentatus, dentibus - 
superioribus majoribus. Discus fere ad medium calycis 
adnatus. Petala estivatione papilionacea, crassa, subequi- | 
longa: Vexillum bilobum, apice revolutum: Ale et petala - 
carinalia consimilia, æqualia, oblonga, basi parum angustata. | 
Stamina 10 vix inæquilonga, omnia fertilia, libera petala | 
equantia; filamentis crassis; antheris linearibus, versatilibus. | 
Ovarium longiuscule stipitatum. Ovula plurima. Stylus 
incurvus, acutus, summo apice ininutissimo depresso stig- : 
matosus. Legumen elongatum, compressum, lignosum, bi- 
valve, intus biloculare. Semina crassa, compressa, subor- 
bicularia. Embryo rectus:  Cotyledones  crasso-carnosæ, 
lateraliter compresse. Plumula inconspicua. Radicula bre- 
vissima, l 

Genus e tribu Sophorearum, Diplotropodi et Dibrachio 
quodammodo affine ; sed abunde distinctum, floribus amplis, 
staminibus subæqualibus, ovario longe stipitato, legumine et 
inflorescentia. : 

Alexandra Imperatricis, Schomb. UH 
Has. British Guiana; between the 5th and 6th parallel of 

north latitude, along the southern tributaries of the river 

Cuyuni, chiefly on the banks of the Wanamu. I under- 
~ stand it is likewise found near the River Pomeroon. | 

A tree from 90 to 120 feet in height, with a trunk 5 feet 
in diameter; but who shall attempt to describe the beauty 
of the flowers, so gorgeous that no painter can do justice to 
them! These spring in great number em the pe | 


ON TWO NEW PLANTS. 13 


branches and are succeeded by large seed-pods, 18-20 inches 
long. The Indians call the tree Koa-toi. The genus it is 
my wish to dedicate to Her Imperial Majesty the Empress 
of Russia. It belongs to a group of Papilionacee, the So- 
phoree, which form a connecting link with the Cesalpiniea, 
in some respects approaching Swartzia. 


9. BARBACENIA ALEXANDRINÆ. Schomb. 


Caudice frutescente, foliis ensiformibus subulato-acumi- 
natis integerrimis sericeis, scapo foliis breviore apice glan- 
dulis subsessilibus verrucoso, perigonii tubo (5-6 poll.) ovario 
longiore glanduloso-hirto, staminibus 18 in phalanges 6 dis- 
positis. 

Has. Roraima range of mountains, British Guiana, in 
about 5 degrees of north latitude, growing on sandstone 
hills, at an elevation of between 3-4000 feet above the 
level of the sea. 

This fine species of Done I likewise propose should 
be honoured with the name of Her Imperial Majesty the 
Empress of Russia, the sister of the present King of Prussia. 
It is remarkable in the group of plants to which it belongs, 
for the great size of the stem and of the flowers : the former 
is 10 or 12 feet high with dichotomous branches, and the 
latter are 5-6 inches long. It has the habit of some frutes- 
cent Vellosie, but the perigonial leaves and petals are united 
into atube above the ovary, as in Barbacenia. It differs 
however from the species of that genus hitherto described in 
the number of stamens, which are 18, all fertile; whilst in 
the Brazilian Barbacenie the two lateral stamens of each 
series are sterile, usually described as branches of the fila- 
ment. These flowers, of which several rise from the middle 
of a fascicle of leaves which covers the dichotomous branches, 
have their slender tube covered with callosities, are of a pur- 
plish tint, within of a snowy whiteness and the E 
resembles that of the Narcissus. 


14 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


Journal of a BorANICAL Mission to the West INDIES in 
1843-4, by WirrrAM Purpte, Collector for the Royal 
Botanic Gardens of Kew. 


(Continued from p. 533, Vol. III.) 


We reached Fairy Hill, a good deal fatigued, the day 
having been very hot, thermometer at noon 90°. 

Friday, 21st. July.—We left Fairy Hill for Bath, by the 
same route; there being no other road over the mountains. 
In pastures, near Fairy Hill, I found a species of Arum, which 
the Negroes call Jumbe Coco, from a supposition that it is 
the food of Duppy, a spirit or ghost, believed to haunt 
Jamaica, and of which the Negroes stand in great dread. 
They rarely go to the woods without a trumpet, consisting 
of a large marine shell, perforated at one end, with which 
they contrive to make a most unpleasant noise, and by blow- 
ing it occasionally, they think they succeed in keeping 
this terrible personage at a respectful distance. To the 
astonishment of some negroes who were passing and whom 
nothing could induce to touch the plant, I gathered several 
specimens. One remarkable feature of the scenery of the 
North side of the Island consists in the entire absence of Cacti, 
which are so numerous on the south. As we approached 
Port Antonio, I observed a few solitary plants of Opuntia 
communis, probably introduced from the southern side. We 
reached Golden Vale by five o'clock p.m., having felt the 
heat very oppressive, from the concentrated rays of the sun 
on the coast, for the mountains had been visited with thunder 
and rain the whole day, as was evident on our crossing the - 
Rio Grande, already much swollen. We slept at Golden 
Vale, intending to reach Bath the next evening. . 

Saturday, 22nd July.—The night had been a dreadful one 
of thunder, lightning and rain, which rendered it very doubt- 
ful as to our being able to cross the river, which was, by this 
time, rolling at a tremendous rate, carrying immense entire 
trees on its angry surface. This prevented our starting - 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 15 


before twelve o'clock. The rain had long ceased, and the 
river considerably subsided. Crossing the river with some 
difficulty, three times in about two miles, the rain again 
set in and lasted sufficiently long to give us a good soaking: 
In the moist woods here, I found some large masses of 
Balanophora Jamaicensis, a singular plant which, I fear, is not 
capable of cultivation ; it is parasitical on the roots of living 
trees. We reached Bath by seven in the evening, having 
experienced considerable difficulty in crossing the rivers, and 
met with several heavy showers of rain. 

Monday, 24th July.—After arranging my seeds, and dried 
plants, and filling one of Ward's cases with my collections 
from Portland, we started for Golden Valley to explore the 
lofty mountains in its vicinity. The road was along the bed 
of the Plantain Garden River in a rich and romantic valley, 
sometimes so narrow as to become a perfect ravine abound- 
ing with the lovely Mountain Pride (Spathelia simplex) thou- 
sands of which in flower presented a lovely appearance. I also 
saw and collected a showy Melastoma with glaucous foliage 
and white flowers. On moist rocks grew an elegant Dick- 
sonia, with Xylophylla latifolia and angustifolia. After crossing 
this romantic river thirty times in eight miles, we reached 
Golden Valley, and were kindly received by Mr. Tasker. 

Tuesday, 25th July.—I set off early, accompanied by Mr. 
Tasker and the Rev. Mr. Wharton ; my servant followed with 
two mules laden with paper, saw, trowel, hampers, &c.; the 
latter articles are my constant companions. We reached 
Dunrobin Castle to breakfast; this is an obscure residence, 
but situated in a most romantic spot, surrounded by lofty 
mountains and deep ravines, alike clad with a highly luxu- 
riant vegetation. After breakfast we proceeded by a narrow 
pass, having left our mules behind, there being no footing 
for them any farther, and after traversing some newly planted 
coffee fields, which were thriving admirably in a rich black _ 


mould, we reached a grand forest. Tree-ferns were abun- 


dant, prickly Yellow-wood (Xanthoæylon Clava-Herculis) Had- 
sonia arborea, Clethra arborea attaining a considerable size, 
Psidium montanum, and Hog-gum, (Moronobea coccinea). The 


16 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


latter singular and beautiful tree inhabits the Lagunes on the 
coast, no less frequently than the deep dank woods of the in- 
terior. As we ascended, I observed a few scattered trees of a 
gigantic species of Podocarpus,* and these became more nume- 
rous as we proceeded, till the wood consisted chiefly of them 
towards the summit of the range, which here does not exceed 
3,000 feet above the level of the sea. The thermometer 
indicated at mid-day, 83° in the shade. This noble Podo- 
carpus is among the largest forest-trees of Jamaica, and a 
fallen specimen I measured had been of the following dimen- 
sions. At 6 feet from the ground, diameter 3$ feet; at 40 
feet, where it was still without a branch, it measured 2 feet 
9 inches, and many of the boughs, which all sprung forth 
above that elevation, were individually no insignificant trees. 
The whole height of this specimen exceeded 100 feet, and it 
is by no means a solitary instance of such dimensions. I 
afterwards saw many, much loftier and of equal diameter, 
covered with the thick dark green foliage, so peculiar to the 
genus, but which this species displays in a more than ordi- 
nary degree. I caused two moderately sized individuals to be 
cut down, for the sake of seeds and specimens, which I ob- 
tained of the female tree, but was unsuccessful in endeavour- 
ing to procure male catkins. I was much amused in this 
neighbourhood with the dexterity of a Whip snake, contriving 
to ascend a large tree of Psidium montanum, which, although 
as smooth as marble, the reptile climbed with extraordinary 
rapidity, making a successful escape. The day was by this 
time considerably advanced, and it was necessary to retreat, 
carrying back however a quantity of young plants of Podo- 
carpus. I did not observe P. coriacea, but its absence is 
easily accounted for, that species never inhabiting a less 
elevation than 5000 to 6090 feet. We reached Golden 
Valley about two hours after dark. 
Wednesday, 26th July.—Returned to Bath and planted 
another of Ward's cases and packed some Orchidee with two 
large specimens of Tree Fern, simply using;the fronds and a 


* Podocarpus Purdiena, Hook. Ic. Fil. v. 7, t. 624, 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 17 


little grass for the purpose ; the wbole being protected with 
splines of Bamboo. ; : 

Tuesday, Ist August.—After dispatching them to Port 
Morant, the morning being wet, it was late before we started, 
the Rev. J. Wharton kindly accompanying me by the moun- 
tain road to Kingston. To this gentleman, I am much 
indebted for many kindnesses, both during my illness and 
stay at St. Thomas in the East. 'The rain wbich had been 
falling in the mountains rendered our progress tedious, as the 
river was much swollen ; however, after crossing it about 
thirty-five times, we reached Whitehall, and were hospitably 
received by the excellent proprietor, A. Hodgson, Esq. 

Wednesday, 2nd August.—A fine and clear morning, and 
the lofty mountains of the interior showed to advantage. 
. We were early afoot, and took our course through a richly 
cultivated district, entirely of sugar; passing the several 
estates of the Spring, Serge Island and Mount Ida, all in a 
fine state of cultivation. In the gravelly bed of Morant river, 
I found two species of Crotalaria, growing with a remarkable 
Melastoma, an erect and elegant shrub, bearing inconspicuous 
flowers; also a small shrubby Eugenia, of which I secured 
seeds. On our right lay the beautiful Blue-Mountain Valley, 
bounded on all sides, except the south, with lofty and 
well-wooded mountains.  'The district we traversed was 
for the most part cultivated, and presenting hardly any 
plants in flower. It, however, afforded me a few species of 
Ferns 1 had not before seen, a showy Solanum, with large 
Purple flowers and of which I gathered seeds, also a striking. 
species of Cestrum, and seeds of Passiflora rotundifolia. 
Ascending the mountains, we quickly attained the coffee 
district, which occupies all the southern face of this gigantic 
range, between the elevations of 3000 and 6000 feet. Above 
that height the coffee bush itself thrives, but does not bear 
any fruit; a circumstance, I should suppose, attributable to i 
the extreme fertility induced by the atmosphere above that S 
elevation, keeping vegetation constantly excited. - In the. 
Woods higher up, which are enveloped in clouds, for at least 

VOL. Iv, P ea 


18 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


twelve hours out of the twenty-four, there is not a particle of 
wood or a decayed leaf, but what is instantly covered with 
an extraneous growth, to such an extent, that it may be truly 
said there is more parasitical vegetation than original, the 
former consisting chiefly of Mosses and Ferns. On approach- 
ing Windsor Forest plantation, the mountains present an 
extraordinary aspect, in their immense fields of Rock, almost 
perpendicular, and of a blueish-slate colour. This pheno- 
menon, I believe, took place during the great storm of 1815, 
when whole mountains were carried away, which now present 
frightful ravines and precipices, many hundred feet deep. 
This romantic spot gives peculiar grandeur to the well- 
wooded and lofty mountains of the vicinity. Here I procured 
roots of a beautiful species of /Zpomea covered with a profu- 
sion of slaty-blue blossoms. We then ascended a steep hill, 
to Wobourn Lawn, wbere we were kindly accommodated 
with beds by A. Barclay, Esq., the owner of several fine 
coffee properties in St. David's Mountains, and an excellent 
cultivator of European fruits, grapes, figs, apples, &c. 
Thursday, 3rd August—Leaving early, we descended to 
the river, which is rocky like all the steep mountain rivers in 
Jamaica. Two species of Psidium form quite a forest along 
the bed of this stream, mingled with Bocconia frutescens and 
two kinds of Indigofera ; I also gathered a few more plants 
of the Blue Ipomea, noticed the day before on rocks. Several 
species of Peperomia and Piper form almost the entire vege- 
tation of the abandoned coffee plantations, which have be- 
come exhausted and where the land is too steep to be 
successfully manured. On a loose rock I observed a large 
and remarkable snake striped like a zebra, but on my at- 
tempting to capture the creature, it disappeared among the — 
rocks. Proceeding, wereached Agley Gap, therain rendered - 


travelling very unpleasant, for the steep roads soon become 


intolerably slippery. While busily engaged in putting up -— 
some specimens of a showy terrestrial Orchideous plant, I 
heard a noise and looking round descried a boy and horse, — 
hanging in a tree, many feet below the road! The boy appa- — 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 19 


rently had not chosen to wait to let us pass quietly and the 
road is so narrow that it is with much difficulty two people 
can cross. Had not the tree caught them, they must have 
been both dashed to atoms. The boy, after climbing off his 
horse's back into the tree, was safely assisted to reach Terra 
Firma, though shaking with fear; but we had greater diffi- 
culty in extricating the poor beast, which we effected, though 
with some bruises. 'The continued rain rendered our pro- 
gress difficult; at the Botanic Garden we stopped to feed 
our mules, and reached Kingston about six o’clock in the 
evening, having had a pleasant ride over the plain of Liguanea, 
which we found quite destiiute of verdure, for although rain 
had been so abundant in the mountains, not a drop had 
fallen on these arid plains. 

At Kingston I was closely occupied for some days in pre- 
paring my collections for shipment. The heat became 
intense, the thermometer averaging 90? in the twenty-four 
hours during several days. My packages not arriving from 
Bath, it was necessary to take only short excursions and I 
accordingly started early on the 9th August to St. John's. 
At the Ferry, I made arrangements for exploring the Lagoons 
of the vicinity, on my return. The plains afforded me but 
a few species of Cassia and three of Mimosa; a gigantie 
Fern formed impenetrable brakes beneath the shade of 
the Mangroves ; the open salt marshes (or saline) are com- 
plete fields of Batis maritima, imparting a lively hue to 
these otherwise barren tracts. The quantity of dead cattle 
lying on this road form a perfect nuisance, their carcases 
swarming with that loathsome but useful bird, the John Crow. 
Notwithstanding recent deaths, the road is literally strewed 
with the bones of departed generations of cattle, the heat of 
the plain destroying them in great quantity and none of the 
bodies are ever removed from the roads. To day I counted 
Six, that had died in the preceding twenty-four hours, and it 
1s only astonishing that more disease is not generated. At 
the Ferry I was much struck with a noble Palm, probably a 
Species of Cocos, but presenting its leaves edgewise to the 

c2 


» 


20 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


sun, and about 90 feet in height, it is an introduced plant 
and very rare in the Island. I reached Twickenham Park, and 
was kindly received for the night by Alex. Finlay, Esq. 
Thursday, 10th August.—Off early in the morning, for the 
interior of St. John's ; about five miles of the plains brought 
me to the gently undulated Red Hills of that name. Two 
small ponds by the road-side were full of Pistia, a singular 
little aquatic plant; its seeds are sessile at the base of the 
leaves, and enclosed in a little transparent bag, not unlike a 
nest of Chigres well advanced, (an annoying companion, I 
am now but too familiar with). 'The vegetation of the Red 
Hills is principally shrubby, and I obtained several plants in 
flower on isolated rocks ; near Lloyd's estate grew Portlandia 
grandiflora in abundance, and larger than I had before seen 
it; this plant delights in rocks destitute of soil, and preserves 
an astonishingly vigorous growth, attaining 20 feet in height, 
and displaying its large bell-shaped and fragrant flowers most 
profusely. I next came to an extensive negro settlement, 
apparently of recent date; the houses were more commo- 
dious and comfortable than these poor creatures’ dwellings 
generally are; a bed is a luxury they do not know, and their 
little hut consists of but one apartment with the fire in the 
middle, the door and palm-thatched roof serving as an out- 
let to the smoke. Four sticks set in the ground, with cross- 
pieces, gridiron fashion, form their bed, and from custom 
they consider this all that is necessary. My servant is per- 
fectly satisfied to lie on the floor, in the same apartment 
with myself, without the luxury of one feather or blanket, 
and he appears to sleep as sound as I do. The summit of a 
hill afforded a fine view of Lloyd's and Retreat estates, the 
Sugar Canes occupying a rich valley in the bosom of the 
gently undulated hills of St. John's. On Logwood fences I 
found Limodorum funale, and L. filiforme (a singular little — 
Orchidaceous plant), also Oncidium pumilum and the beau- - 
tiful Janthe pallida in great plenty. Oncidium Cartha- 
ginense was so abundant as to threaten the destruction of the — 
fences, producing its beautiful panicles in the utmost profu- 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 21 


sion. We saw several small ponds overrun with Arum 
seguinum, the Dumb Cane (so called from the cruel use to 
which it was applied in the punishment of the negroes), and 
several Cyperaceous plants. 1 have every where observed 
the comparative want of aquatic plants in the ponds and 
lagoons of Jamaica. We arrived at Lloyd's estate about 
six o'clock p.m., and I was obligingly lodged by the intelli- 
gent overseer, Mr. Reid. This place is famous for its large 
Shaddock Trees, which are certainly very fine and show beau- 
tifully, laden with their large globular fruit. The pulp is of 
alovely pink colour, but in my opinion very coarse eating, 
though many people are fond of it; these trees are called 
Queen Charlottes Shaddocks, the reason for which name is 
not correctly known. 

Friday, 11th August.—This day was clear and warm, I set 
out early for the woods to the north of Retreat estate, and 
arrived there about eleven o'clock A.M., thermometer 85° in 
the shade. The whole of this picturesque district was suf- 
fering much from want of rain, the Mountain River, a con- 
siderable stream flowing through the dense woods, about 
three miles from Retreat estate, altogether vanishes after a 
rapid and rocky course of several miles, to appear again in 
the same ravine, about four miles lower. I obtained several 
beautiful Ferns in this wood that I had not before seen, 
with two fine plants of the rare Govenia utriculata, a 
singular terrestrial Orchideous species. Trees on the banks 
of the river afforded me Oncidium triquetrum, a pretty spe- 
cies flowering profusely, along with several leafy kinds of 
Epidendrum, not conspicuous for beauty. The bed of this 
river is remarkable for large masses of isolated rock, kept 
constantly moist from the foaming stream dashing from rock 
to rock and acting as a shower-bath. These rocks are covered 
With a beautiful tapestry of Ferns, protected from the ver- 
tical rays of the sun by a noble forest, upwards of a hundred 
feet in height, but although consisting of the finest timbers 
of the West Indies, it is extremely difficult to obtain speci- 
mens of them. A simple leaf can scarcely he detected from 


22 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


a pinnated one at so great a height, and woven into such a 
dense mass from the various creepers, among which Mare- 
graavia umbellata and Mimosa scandens, with its large sword- 
shaped legumes, are peculiarly conspicuous, their cable-like 
stems rendering it almost impracticable to fell trees, to obtain 
specimens. 

Having made arrangements to visit the lagoons behind the 
Ferry, in hopes of finding the Nelumbium Jamaicense of 
Brown, I returned after taking some refreshment at Re- 
treat, the overseer of which, Mr. Ingram had kindly accom- 
panied me to the woods. My mules meanwhile made the most 
of the time, exercising their digestive organs in a fine field of 
Guinea-grass. The introduction of this luxuriant and excel- 
lent grass has been a great boon to the Island. The native 
Gramineæ of Jamaica are coarse and generally rejected by cattle, 
at least when Guinea-grass can be obtained. Here, occurred 
two species of Melastoma, this tribe of plants consisting 
for the most part of handsome shrubs, appears confined to 
the lower mountains, altogether disappearing in the arid 
plains. The church at Guanaboa is a neat and elegant 
building, agreeably situated on a gentle undulation, com- 
manding a view of a rich and well-settled valley where the 
negro houses seemed much more commodious than any 
I had seen. "These for the most part, contained three apart- 
ments, with a well cultivated garden, while the usual negro 
huts have but one very small room; the door, as I said 


before, serving for a chimney, with the fire in the middle of : 


the floor. They are a cheerful race of people and are very 
fond of singing, which to my earis somewhat discordant. 
Proceeding towards Spanish Town, it soon became dark. 1 
however secured a quantity of growing plants of Pistia Stra- 
tiotes, that I had observed the previous day. The whole of 


the lower part of St. John’s Parish is destitute of springs, so - 
that the inhabitants are dependent on rain to fill their tanks, - 
which are open and ill adapted for the purpose. It was - 


about ten o'clock at night before I got to Spanish Town and 


found the night air of the plains very cold, although the a 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 28 


thermometer was not below 709. At Twickenham Park, 
Mr. Finlay, a gentleman to whom I am indebted for much 
personal kindness, as well as his kind endeavours to forward 
my views in the interior mountains, extended to me his 
wonted hospitality. 

Saturday, 12th August.—This not being a working-day 
with the negroes, I was compelled to put off my visit to the 
Lagoons till Monday; so, after arranging my specimens, I 
started to the Caymanas, a fine sugar estate, situated on the 
margin of the Lagoons. This rich and beautiful spot forms 
a striking contrast with the arid plains bounding it to the 
south, and probably owes its luxuriance to the great moisture 
below, for about three yards digging is sufficiently deep to 
obtain an excellent spring of water. At Taylor’s Caymanas 
I was kindly received by Mr. Dundas, who obligingly offered 
me the use of his boat, to traverse the Lagoons. 

Monday, 14th August.—After breakfast (the most prudent 
time to traverse these Lagoons) I started, taking with me 
three negroes, armed with long bamboos, the intersecting 
ditches being too narrow for the use of oars. This part of 
the Lagoon is about 4000 acres in extent, and incapable, in 
its present state, of cultivation, for it is closely cut up in all 
directions with a net-work of ditches, about 10 feet wide, 
which are cleared out annually to take off the surplus water, 
otherwise the estates would soon be inundated. The whole of, 
these Lagoons are covered with one continued field of Typha 
latifolia, and bounded on the north, east, and west by rocky 
hills, some 500 feet high. The Lagoon is but a few feet above. 
the sea: we found the boat anchored, and although there 
was abundance of water, in some places 30 feet deep, we 
experienced a difficulty in moving through the dense mass of 
vegetation and the spongy bottom which we had no means or 
inclination to fathom. Nymphea Lotus was abundant, also 
Sagittaria lancifolia, a very showy species, its delicate white 
flowers contrasting beautifully with the dark green foliage of 
the Typha latifolia, Alisma cordifolia was also very abundant; 
two Ipomeas, with a large Amaranthaceous plant, used as 


24 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


spinach, for which it certainly proves a good substitute 
Potamogeton natans, with two species of Myriophyllum, com- 
pletely choke up the water-courses rendering it difficult to 
obtain a passage with all our exertions, the heat was intense, 
thermometer 100° in the shade, nota breath of air could 
reach us through the dense mass of Typha. I gathered 
plants-of Nymphea Lotus, which was the only Nympheaceous 
plant I saw. Iwas somewhat disappointed in not finding the 
Nelumbium of Brown, which from the frequent cleanings 
may have been destroyed, for I could not detect a vestige of 
it; in shallow parts of the stream Hydrocotyle vulgaris 
abounds; also along the margin of the Lagoon, I observed 
Bucida Buceras, with some fine specimens of Canella alba, 
(Jamaica Cinnamon) ; this interesting plant, the bark of which 
is highly pungent, is found in the higher mountains, as also 
occasionally on the coast. The Lagoons abound with 
Ducks, Teal, Coots, and a curious water-fowl, called by the 
negroes Crab-catcher for it watches the crab with death-like 
stillness, its body hidden in the grass ready to pounce on 
its unconscious victim. A small species of Turtle, about a 
foot in diameter, is also plentiful. One, lying entangled in 
the aquatic weeds, was easily caught; but it more than once 
tried to escape. These creatures are remarkably quick- 
sighted and instantly dive on being approached. This ma- 
nœuvre, however, does not protect them from the negroes, 
who make it their business to catch them, and I saw one 
man, who had taken six in a very novel way. The moment 
a turtle made its appearance this negro instantly dived after 
it, and invariably brought it out, but this is an acquirement 
not common among the negroes. After traversing these 
extensive Lagoons, we reached the Ferry, about 4 o’clock 
p.M., through which the main canal runs, a deep heavy 


running stream. A short distance below the Ferry, the … 
water becomes brackish and consequently no aquatic plants 


are to be found. My mules meeting me at the Ferry, I pro- 


ceeded to Kingston; the evening was pleasant and cool, | 


thermometer at 8 p.m. 83°. Although the temperature ave- 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 25 


rages so much higher than in Europe, the heat is not so 
oppressive as might be supposed, particularly at a slight 
elevation above the sea. 

Tuesday, 15th August.—On inquiry, I was informed that 
my plants had arrived from Bath by the Drogher, a small 
class of coasting boats, which keep up the communication 
between the different towns along the shore; there is no 
land-carriage for goods or luggage, except by special contract, 
which is notoriously expensive. The former mode of con- 
veyance is remarkable for nothing, except carelessness, and 
my experience does not disprove the charge ; for I found the 
plants in glass-cases, which I had carefully packed at Bath 
and disposed them in groups, some on the soil, but the 
. greater part beneath it. Part of the glass was brokèn and a 
few of the plants dead; indeed they must have been turned 
over several times, to have produced such an effect. One 
box of Orchidee was quite destroyed by rats, from the boards 
being broken. This induced me to refuse paying the freight ; 
a line of conduct, which, if repeated by other persons, 
would, I doubt not, bring them to a sense of their duty. 
As the steamer sailed next day, there was no time to lose, 
and fortunately I had spare cases with me to repair the 
damage. A few days were devoted to arranging my speci- 
mens and I then took my passage in the steamer Anglesea, 
for Port Henderson, about ten miles from Kingston and 
parallel with Port Royal. 

August 23rd.—Accompanied by my servant and a small 
quantity of paper, as I expected to return the next day, me 
left Kingston at 7 a.m., and after a cool and pleasant sail, 
landed at Port Henderson by 8 o'clock, just in time for 
breakfast. 'The harbour of Kingston has a very rich ap- 
pearance, and is on all sides beautifully fringed with groves 
of Mangrove. 'The bark, branches and leaves of this tree 
are chopped up together, and used with success in tanning 
leather, which is then considered equal to English. Beneath 
water, the roots are encrusted with oysters, and other shell- 
fish; so that by detaching about 6 feet in length of the 


26 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


roots, you have more oysters than one person can carry. They 
are smaller than European oysters, but equally good. Port Hen- 
derson is the shipping port between Kingston and Spanish 
Town; a wharf and a small inn are the only objects to pre- 
serve its name. Our breakfast consisted of coffee not polluted 
with milk, bread, biscuits and butter; in using the latter, which 
is perfectly liquid from the intense heat, a spoon is substituted 
for the knife. Fish would have been provided, but they 
were not yet caught, and we all exhibited too much impa- 
tience to wait: for this provision we had the pleasure of 
paying three shillings each, and thus ended our breakfast at 
Port Henderson. An arid range of rocky hills, rising ab- 
ruptly about 200 feet from the sea, extends about thirty miles. 
Behind these stretches an extensive plain terminating at the 
base of the central range of Blue Mountains. These hills 
are rarely visited with rain, and the vegetation is consequently 
different from anything 1 had seen, composed chiefly of Cacti, 
which give a very singular appearance. The few shrubs 
interspersed are quite leafless from the intense heat. Two 
very pretty species of Turnera were adorning the rocks with 
their showy yellow flowers. At the Apostle’s Battery, a 
small fort opposite Port Royal and mounting about half a 
dozen guns on a very commanding spot, J met the Captain 
of the fort, Captain Carey, who kindly offered to accompany 
me. The Captain armed himself with his gun, in case we 
should meet with any game, as Wild Goats, Guinea Fowl, 
and Guanos, the latter is a large kind of lizard, and is 
considered a great delicacy, and we proceeded over the 
rocks, for there is no soil on them, through a dense forest 
of Cacti, but confined to a few species, C. repandus, Peru- 
vianus and paniculatus, 20 to 30 feet high, and forming a 
dense green mass, so that 1 found a cutlass I had brought 
with me very useful in effecting a passage. Two species of 
Opuntia (common in our collections) and Melocactus com- 
munis (Pope’s Head), form the under-growth; the latter 
have a very pretty appearance, with their tufts of soft red 
spines, thickly dotted with delicate pink fruit and flowers; 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 27 


the fruits are agreeable and allay thirst. A few sheep are 
the only domestic animals that exist here, and they are kept 
alive and in tolerable condition during the long droughts, 
which Captain Carey informs me have this time continued 
for nine months without a shower, by the Melocactus com- 
munis. This Melocactus is simply slit open with an hoe or 
spade, when the sheep eagerly eat it, carefully avoiding the 
spines. My man Edward, having no shoes, kept up a 
constant grumbling at the spines of the different Cacti, as 
we threaded our way from rock to rock, any mistake in our 
footing would, as a matter of course, have been attended 
with painful consequences. In a deep cavern, Captain Carey 
shot a fine Guano, the first I had ever seen; this animal is 
not unlike a small Alligator, and lives in holes and rocks; 
Wild Goats are also abundant, we saw a flock of about fifty, 
but they were too shy to get near them. They certainly veri- 
fied their proverbial activity, for we no sooner beheld them, 
than they were out of sight. Gossypium Barbadense is abun- 
dant among the Cacti, casting its delicate produce to the winds, 
in considerable quantities. The day being advanced and a 
great sameness existing in the plants, we commenced our re- 
treat by the same route, securing some good specimens of Me- 
locactus communis, and Cactus Peruvianus, a species, I believe, 
not in our collections, and reached the Battery by 5 o'clock, 
just half an hour too late for the steamer. The Captain had 
succeeded in killingtwo Guinea Fowl, which, with the Guano, 
made us an excellent dinner ; the latter was very tender, but 
I must confess, among so many good things, I could not 
give it the preference. It appears sharp work to kill and 
eat poultry on the same day, but there is no keeping provi- 
sions in the tropics; it is no uncommon thing at times in 
Jamaica, to catch the fowls, after the traveller arrives, and 
have them on the table in half an hour. The land-breeze 
setting in, made the atmosphere cool and pleasant, for the 
day had been intensely hot; the radiation from the rocks 
was sometimes overpowering, thermometer 96° in the shade 
at mid-day. NE 
(To be continued.) 


98 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


Voyage au Pole Sud et dans l'Océanie ; BOTANIQUE, par 
Homsron ef JACQUINOT (la Phanérogamie) Chirurgiens de 
PExpédition; et MonTAGNE (la Cryptogamie). Large 
folio. Paris. Plates only. 


At p. 127 of the last volume of our Journal, we noticed 
the contents of the six first fasciculi of this work, and we 
have now to record the publication of two more fasciculi. 
We have still to complain, as before, of the non-appearance 
of a single description, or indeed, of a single line of text, 
to this costly undertaking; farther than the little brochure 
from the pen of the talented Montagne on the Alge and 
some of the Hepatice and Mosses, in the Annales des 
Sciences Naturelles. The want of letter-press, for which 
no apology is offered, (or, if made, it is not issued with the 
work), is the more felt at this time by one whose labours will 
be next noticed, and who is now engaged in publishing the 
botany of similar regions. For ourselves, too, Messrs. Hom- 
bron and Jacquinot must excuse us, if, judging from their 
figures alone, we pass too severe a criticism on some 
of the genera or species. The authors may, in their descrip- 
tions, if such are ever intended to appear, adduce reasons in 
favour of their views which might influence our own. Under 
present circumstances, we only pronounce upon the plates, 
which, it must be confessed, exhibit a great array of names 
at the bottom of each, connected with their publication: 
* Dessiné par Mesdames Bory et Borromée;" “ Dirigé par 
Borromée ;" * Gravé par Mademoiselle Mégissier ;? “ Gide, 
Editeur;" and again, in a neat stamp, “ Gide, Editeur, 
Paris.” 

Of the two additional numbers above ‘mentioned, one is 
devoted to the Alge, Lichens (which is peculiarly well exe- 
cuted), Hepatice, and Mosses, and is alike honourable to the 
author and to the artist. The last number contains five plates 
of Phanerogamic plants; of which Tab. 4 is occupied by a com- 
posite plant, forming the genus Albinea, and bearing the un- 
couth specific name of oresigenesa. This is the Pluerophyllum 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 29 


speciosum, Hook. fil. described in the July number of the 
* Flora Antarctica," and figured in the August number. 
Tab. 7 is devoted to two plants: 1, Calucechinus antarctica, 
Hombr. et Jacquinot, a form of the old Fagus antarctica 
(statu proceä) ; and 2, Calusparassus betuloides, Hombr. et 
Jacquinot. If by this latter is meant the Fagus betuloides, 
Mirbel, we have already expressed a doubt, in the first series 
of this Journal, vol. ii, p. 157, if it be distinct from F. Forsteri, 
Hook. (Betula antarctica, Forst.), and we see nothing to alter 
our opinion in the present figure. Tab. 8 exhibits: 1, Calus- 
parassus Pumilio, Hombr. et Jacquinot ; and 2, Calucechinus 
Montagni, Hombr. et Jacquinot; and we must be pardoned, 
ifin the absence of any descriptive matter, we venture our 
belief that we have here again representations of our old 
friends, the former, Fagus antarctica, and the latter, Fagus 
Forsteri. Thus, if we are correct in our views, the six figures 
on the three folio plates, all from the Straits of Magelhaens, 
only exhibit forms of two different plants. Such variations 
may even almost be seen on one and the same tree, depend- 
ing much on the age and the several modifications of the leaf 
and capsule, and the number of divisions at the mouths of 
the male perianth. Tab. 9 exhibits an admirable figure of 
the well-known (even in cultivation) Veronica decussata, 
Willd., from Magelhaen's Straits (V. elliptica, Forst), in 
flower and fruit ; and on the same plate, Veronica finaus- 
trina* Hombr. and Jacquinot (Auckland Islands), which is 
identical with Veronica Benthami, Hook. fil. in the September 
number of the “Flora Antarctica.” Excellent as are the 
figures of the natural size, we cannot pay the same compli- 
ment to the reduced representations of the entire plant, whe- 
ther on this or other plates. Tab. 4, though headed “ Mono- 
cotylédones Phanérogames,” contains, besides the Monocoty- 


* We are puzzled to understand the derivation of this word ; for, if com- 
Pounded of finis and auster, as if Lord Auckland's were the southern limits 
of the genus, it is a manifest inaccuracy, inasmuch, as is well known, the 
V. decussata, Wiild., represented on the same plate, is found several degre 


30 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


ledonous species, a composite plant of Magelhaen's Straits, 
Lasiorrhiza purpurea, Lessing. The other plant is the glory 
of the Auckland group of Islands, here referred to Melantha- 
ceæ, and called Veratrum Dubouzeti, but in the October num- 
ber of the “ Flora Antarctica," it stands as Chrysobactron 
Rossii, Hook. fil. 'The insertion of the leaves, where they are 
supposed to be represented of the natural size, and still more, 
the reduced figure of the entire plant (f. c, 7), are extremely 
unlike the noble specimens now before us, where the leaves 
are much sheathing around a stout and very succulent stem. 


The Botany of the Antarctic Voyage of H.M. Discovery Ships, 
Eresus and Terror, in the years 1839-43, under the 
command of CAPTAIN Sir James CLark Ross, Kt. R.N., 
&c., by Josepn Darron Hooker, M.D., R.N., F.L.S., 
Assistant Surgeon of the Erebus, and Botanist to the Ex-. 
pedition. 


Part I. FLORA ANTARCTICA. 


1. Botany of Lord Auckland's group and CampbelPs Island. 


As announced in our 2nd vol. p. 275, the first number of 
this voyage was published on the 1st of June, 1844,and it has, 
with the interruption of one month only, on account of the 
great labour on the plates, continued to appear regularly to 
the present period. Consequently six numbers, or parts, are 
issued, and it is incumbent upon us to give some account of 
them. The Flora Antarctica, properly so called, as distin- 
guished from the Floras of New Zealand and Van Diemen’s 
Land, which will form part of the “ Botany of the Voyage,” 
is divided into two portions: viz. 1, the Flora of Lord Auck- 
land's group and CampbelPs Island ; and 2, the Flora of the 
Falkland Islands, Tierra del Fuego (with the adjacent portion 
of the continent of South America) and the other antarctic - 
islands. The first of these two sections is here treated of; 
and the work opens with a summary of the voyage, accom- 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 31 


panied by a coloured chart of the South Circumpolar regions, 
showing the discovery tracks of Cook, Weddell, and Ross. 
The subjects of the first part were mentioned at p. 148 of our 
last volume of the Journal; and in future we must, in gene- 
ral content ourselves with a notice of such species as are 
figured, they being the most novel and the most remarkable. 
Tab. 9-10 represents a second species of the new genus Aniso- 
tome, A. antipoda, Hook. fil. (Ligusticum antipodum, Hombr. 
et Jacquinot). Tab. 11. Pozoa reniformis, Hook. fil., a pecu- 
liar genus of Umbellifere, hitherto supposed to be confined 
to extra-tropical South America, unknown to the Floras both 
of New Zealand and Australia. Of Araliacee, a Panax 
(P. simplex, Forst.), and an Aralia (A. polaris, of Hombron 
and Jacquinot, Voy. au Pole Sud, Botan. t. 2, without de- 
scription, a not very appropriate name, seeing that the islands 
where it grows are no nearer the South Polethan London and 
Paris are to the North Pole). This our author describes as 
“ one of the most handsome and singular of the vegetable pro- 
ductions in the group of islands it inhabits, which certainly 
contain a greater proportion of large and beautiful plants, 
relatively to the whole vegetation, than any country with 
which I am acquainted. Growing in large abundant masses, 
on rocks and banks near the sea, or amongst the dense and 
gloomy vegetation of the woods, its copious bright-green 
foliage and large umbels of waxy flowers, often nearly a foot 
in diameter, have a most striking appearance.” Tabs. 13, 14, 
15, and 16 are devoted to four Coprosmas, and no less than 
six species are described as inhabiting these islands. Tab. 17. 
Trincuron spathulatum, Hook. fil., a singular little composite 
plant, which grows on the summits of the mountains ; while 
Tab. 18, Ceratella rosulata, Hook. fil., is a no less remarkable 
plant of the same order and from the same localities, though 
confined to Campbell’s Island. Tab. 19, Leptinella lanata, 
Hook. fil. Tab. 20, L. plumosa, Hook. fil. Tab. 21, Helich- 
rysum prostratum, Hook. fil. Tabs. 22 and 23, Pleurophyl- 
lum speciosum, Hook. fil., a name it well merits (Albinea 
oresigenasa, Hombr. et Jacquinot). Tabs 24 and 25, P. cri- 


32 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


niferum, Hook. fil.; a still more noble species, 5 and 6 feet 
high, with leaves often 2 feet long and 1 foot wide. It 
covers a great extent of ground, and forms the larger propor- 
tion of the food of the hogs which run wild upon the islands. 
of Lord Auckland's group. ‘Tabs. 26 and 27, Celmisia verni- 
cosa, assuredly one of the most lovely of all composite plants, 
with rosulate leaves leoking as if varnished, and flowers 
having white or pale rose-coloured rays and a deep purple 
disk, or eye. Tab. 28, a second species of Forstera (Ord. 
Stylidiee), and constituting a subgenus, “ Helophyllum,’ the 
F. clavigera, Hook. fil. Tab. 29, Pratia arenaria. Tab. 30, 
Androstoma (nov. gen. of Epacridee) empetrifolia, Hook. fil. 
Tabs. 31 and 32, Dracophyllum longifolium, Br., a noble spe- 
cies, with long, narrow, fasciculated leaves, like those of a 
Monocotyledonous plant, and a stem or trunk from 15 to 25 
feet long. Tab. 33, D. scoparium, Hook. fil. Tab. 34, Sut- 
tonia divaricata, Hook. fil. (Myrsine divaricata, A. Cunn.) 
Tab. 35, Gentiania concinna, and 36, G. cerina, two exqui- 
sitely beautiful species. Tab. 37, Myosotis capitata, Hook. 
fil. Tab. 38, M. antarctica, Hook. fil. The well known 
Veronica decussata of our Gardens, we find changed to V. el- 
liptica, on the authority of Forster’s Herbarium. "Tabs. 39 
and 40, Veronica Benthami, Hook. fil. (V. finaustrina, Hombr. 
et Jacquinot), a splendid shrub, with large dark blue flowers, 
worthy of bearing the name of one who has laboured so suc- 
cessfully in the family of plants to which it belongs. Tab. 41, 
V. odora, Hook. fil., remarkable for the delicious fragrance 
of its flowers. Tab. 42, Plantago Aucklandica, Hook fil. Tab. 43, 
Plantago carnosa, Br. Tabs. 44 and 45, Chrysobactron Rossii, 
Hook.fil.(Veratrum Dubouzeti, Hombr. et Jacquinot). Since the 
plate has been known to the author, and finding that Messrs. 
Hombron and Jacquenot had referred this plant to Melantha- 
cee, he has been led again to examine its claims to be placed in 
Veratrum, and he has to remark upon it that “the abortive - 
ovaria of the male flowers, bearing three points or styles, con- _ 
stitute the only ground of resemblance. As, however, in the — 
fertile ovaries, the style is distinctly a solid, elongated column, — 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 33 


never divided, nor even in any of the specimens I have exa- 
mined, exhibiting three grooves, as in the plate of the Voy. au 
Pole Sud, I cannot think that character of any weight. On the 
other hand, the estivation of the perianth, introrse anthers 
and crustaceous testa to the seed, and the size and form and 
arrangement of the latter, are all characteristic of Asphodelee, 
while the plant is, in habit and generic affinities, so nearly 
allied to Bulbinella, Kunth, that I long hesitated whether or 
not to unite it to that genus. In my more advanced flowers 
the perianth is invariably deciduous.” Tab. 46, Juncus antarc- . 
licus, Hook. fil. Tab. 47, Rostkovia gracilis, Hook. fil. 
Tab. 48, Luzula crinita, Hook. fil. Tab. 49, Oreobolus pecti- 
natus, Hook. fil. Tab. 50, Isolepis Aucklandica, Hook. fil. 
Tab. 51, Uncinia Hookeri, Boott. The three last-mentioned 

plants, though described in the sixth Part, will not be figured 
till the succeeding (January) number. The author does not 

confine himself to bare descriptions of the genera and species, 

but gives copious remarks on their history, and on their geo- 

graphical distribution. Four more Parts will complete the 

account of the Flora of Lord Auckland's group and Campbell's 

Island. "The readers of our Journal need not be told that its 

pages already contain brief characters of all the Australian 

Lichens and Hepatice, and of the new species of Mosses. 


Systema Piperacearum ; exposuit F. A. Gui. MiQUEL, 1 vol. 
8vo. Rotterdam. i 


Botanists are infinitely indebted to Dr. Miquel* for what 
has long been a desideratum, a Monograph of the family of the 
Peppers. This our author has happily accomplished in one 
volume, 8vo. which is dedicated to one of the best of men 
and one of the most distinguished patrons of science, espe- 
cially of botany, Baron Benjamin Delessert. In the preface, 
Dr. Miquel acknowledges the numerous sources whence he 


* Not Miguel, as printed by an error of the press, at p. 114 of our 
second volume. X 
VOL. IV. p 


å 


34 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


has derived the valuable and extensive materials for his work, 
and an introduction, showing great learning and research, 
treats on the history of the family under the following heads: 
1, Doctrine botanice de Piperaceis ortus ac progressus. 2, Struc- 
ture ratio generalis. 3, Proprietates Chemice. 4, Divisio Pi- 
peracearum. 5, Ordinis affinitates. 6, Distributio geographica. 

The Conspectus Generum exhibits twenty genera, arranged 
in two Tribes. 

Tribus prima: PEPEROMIEZ. 

1, Verhuellia, Mig. 3 species. 2, Phyllobryon, Mig. 1 sp. 
3, Acrocarpidium, Mig. 14 sp. 4, Peperomia, R. et P. 190 sp. 
5, Erasmia, Mig. 1 sp. 

Tribus altera: PiPeREz. 

6, Pothomorphe, Mig. 10 sp. 7, Macropiper, Mig. 6 sp. 
8, Chavica, Mig. 46 sp. 9, Rhyncolepis, Mig. 4 sp. 10, Cu- 
beba, Mig. 14 sp. 11, Piper, L. 32 sp. 12, Muldera, Mig. 
2 sp. 13, Coccobryon, Klotzsch, 1 sp. 14, Callianiaca, Mig. 
1 sp. 15, Enckea, Ath. 23 sp. 16, Peltobryon, Klotzsch, 5 sp. 
17, Sphærostachys, Mig. 1 sp. 18, Artanthe, Mig. 191 sp. 
19, Ottonia, Spr. 12 sp. 20, Zippelia, Blume, 1 sp. 

A list of corrigenda et addenda follows, and the work com- 
bines with a Tabula Phytogeographica, in which the 563 species 
are enumerated according to countries; from which it re- 
sults that Europe possesses no one species, Australia, 
1-27th; Africa, 1-27th ; Asia, 1-5th or 1-6th; America, 
3-Aths. 

Wherever the genera are extensive, numerous in species, - 
the author has given a Conspectus Specierum. The specific 
characters are drawn up, and the synonyms selected, with 
much care; the descriptions are full, and so far as we have 
tested them extremely accurate; and the whole work may be © 
held up as a model for a Monograph. We understand that a - 
Supplement to the volume is preparing, and we have been . 
informed that it is Dr. Miquel's intention to prepare a History - 
of the Genus Ficus, and we trust of the allied genera, on the © 
same excellent model. 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 35 


Plante Preissiane, sive Enumeratio Plantarum quas in Aus- 
tralia occidentali et meridionali-occidentali annis 1838-41, 
collegit Lupovicus Preiss, Pa. Dn.; partim ab aliis par- 
tim a se ipso determinatas descriptas illustratas, edidit 
CHRISTIANUS LEHMANN. vol, 1, fasc. 1. Hamburg, 1844. 


The botanical treasures. of Western Australia have lately 
been rendered available to the botanists of Europe by the inde- 
fatigable exertions of two distinguished collectors, one a native 
of Scotland, the other of Germany. Of the former, Mr. James 
Drummond, whose collections are best known to the British 
botanist, our pages bear ample testimony to the great extent 
and value of his discoveries. Of Mr. Preiss, the great circu- 
lation of his extensive collections has naturally been upon 
the continent, Both are sent with numbers, and we hail 
with peculiar pleasure the appearance of a work which will 
enable the possessors of both the one and the other collec- 
tions (seeing they are nearly from the same localities), to de- 
termine their species, whether by aid of the numbers (for many 
of Drummond's numbers, though a very limited proportion 
of them are here indicated), or by the specific characters and 
descriptions, which seem to be done with much care and at- 
tention. Indeed, the names of the contributors to the deter- 
mination of the different families area guarantee for their 
competent execution; for besides the names given us of 
the authors of the respective families, published in the 
first fasciculus, we find that S. Endlicher undertakes the 
Alismacee, Commelinacee, Hemodoracee, Iridee, Liliaceae, 
Orchidee ; C. G. Nees ab Esenbeck, the Amaranthacee, Che- 
nopodee, Chrysobalanee, Crassulacee, Cyperaceæ, Dioscoree, 
Frankeniacee, Gentianee, Geraniacee, Gramineae, Halorragee, 
Hypericinee, Laurinee, Nyctaginee, Ginotheree, Plantaginee, 


* Several equally complete sets have been sent over to the care of the 
Editor of this Journal; the first series, consisting of 1000 species, and a 
second series, of 400 additional species, at the price of £2 tbe 100 species. 
Two, and only two, sets yet remain undisposed of. (W. J. H. Dec. 1844). 

2-2 


36 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


Portulacee, Primulacee, Restiacee, Rosacee, Solanee, Ur- 
ticee; F. A. G. Miquel, the Apocyneæ, Avicenniee, Ca- 
suarinee, Cupressinee, Gnetacee, Loranthacee, Malvacee, 
Olacinee, Santalacee, Sapindacee, Zygophyllee ; E. T. Steu- 
del, the Biittneriacee, Dilleniacee, Oxalidee, Polygalee, Ra- 
nunculacee, Rhamnee ; W. H. de Vriese, the Convolvulacee, 
Goodeniacee ; F. T. Bartling, the Caryophyllee, Diosmee, 
Labiate, Myoporine, Rubiacee, Scrophularinee, Ferbenacee ; 
Joach. Steetz, the Composite, Tremandree; A. Bunge, the 
Crucifere, Stackhousiee, Umbellifere ; O. Guil. Sonder, the 
Epacridee, Stylidee; J. F. Klotzsch, the Euphorbiacee; 
G. Kunze, the Filices; E. Fries, the Fungi, Lichenes; E. 
Meyer, the Juncee ; C. F. Meisner, the Mimosee, Papilio- 
nacee, Polygonee, Proteacee; E. Hampe, the Musci; J.C. 
Schauer, Myrtacee; A. Putterlich, Pittosporee. The other 
orders, not now mentioned, are undertaken by the editor, 
Professor Lehmann. 

The first Fasciculus commences with the Leguminosae, 
which occupy ninety-four pages ; then follow Rosacee, Chry- 
sobalanee, Myrtaceæ, Haloragee, Œnothereæ, and part of 
Oxalideæ ; the Leguminose and Myrtacee, as may be ex- 
pected, filling the greater part of the one hundred and sixty 
pages. We are glad to see our Macrostigma australe, 
Ic. PL, referred to Stylobatum of Desf. under the name of 
S. lineare; and no doubt correctly so; and placed in Chryso- 
balanee. This name is therefore to be preferred to 
ours. 


We shall look anxiously for the continuation of this im- 
portant work. 


Bentuam, Botany of the Voyage of H.M.S. Sulphur. 


The third and fourth Fasciculi of this valuable work are : 
published; and much as the earlier numbers were entitled to … 
our praise, the present are still more so. There is a manifest — 
improvement in the plates: those in the last number are — 
quite beautiful; and any defect in the preceding ones can 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 37 


only be attributed to want of experience in lithography on 
the part of the talented artist, Miss Drake. 

In the third Fasciculus, the Californian plants are brought 
to a conclusion. A new species of Pedilanthus is figured, 
P. macrocarpus; and two new Euphorbie are represented, 
out of eight new ones that are described. Plate 25 is 
Mozinna canescens, Benth. Serophyton is a new genus of 
Euphorbiacee, which, besides the Californian species S. lan- 
ceolatum, is made to include two Texian ones of Mr. Drum- 
mond’s collections. S. Drummondi (Texas, 2nd Coll. n. 245 ; 
3rd Coll. n. 317), and S. pilosissimum (Texas, 2nd Coll. 
n. 263, and 3rd Coll. n. 222). Eccremocarpus is another new 
Euphorbiaceous genus founded upon Croton? setigerus, 
Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2, p. 141, and figured at 26 as E. 
seligerus. 

The third portion of this work describes the plants of 
western tropical America, collected between Mexico and 
Guayaquil. This is prefaced by some general remarks from 
the pen of Mr. Hinds. Of this extensive line of country, 
a very great proportion of the plants collected are well-known 
species. Among the new ones, figures are given of Capparis 
(Cynophalla) Sinclairii,  Triplandron lineatum, Ruyschia 
bicolor, and Planarium latisiliquum : the three latter are not 
at present described, but will be so in the ensuing number. 


Synopsis Hepaticarum; auctoribus C. M. Gorrscue, J. B.G. 
Linpensere et C. G. Ners ab EsENBECK Svo., Hamburg, 
1844.  Fasc.I. 


A work of this kind has long been a desideratum ; and 
Whatever may be the opinion regarding the limits of genera 
and species in the family, there cannot bea doubt, from the 
names of the authors, that this will prove an important addi- 
tion to the library of the cryptogamic Botanist. We could 
have wished the authors had commenced with a table of the 


38 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


tribes, sub-tribes, and genera; but they have probably 
found, as we did, in the case of the “ Species Filicum,” that 
this is better accomplished at the close than the beginning of 
so laborious a work, in which our ideas are liable to alter as 
we proceed. The present number comprises one hundred 
and forty-four pages, and commences with the first tribe of 
Hepatice, the Jungermannie. The first tribe is, GyMNomMI- 
TRIA, Nees, including the genera, —1. Haplomitrium, Nees; 

. Gymnomitrion, Nees; 3. Acrobolbus,* Nees; 4. Sarco- 
scyphus, Corda; 5. Allicularia, Corda. Sub-tribe II: Celo- 
caules, Nees, including 6. Gottschea, Nees; Sub-tribe III: 
JUNGERMANNOIDEz, Nees, including 7. Plagioschila, Nees et 
Mont. ; Scapania, Lindbg ; and 9. Jungermannia, L., which 
breaks off at the 131st species. 


On Azolla and Salvinia, by W. Grirriru, Esa. 


This is the title of a long and most elaborate and profound 
Memoiron Azolla and Salvinia, by Mr. Griffith, published in 
the number for July, 1844, of the Calcutta Journal of Nat. 
History. To it we must refer our readers; for it would not 
be easy, within the limits of our notice, to give a summary 
of the result of the author's observations. In some degree, 
however, it is expressed in his character of the family SaL- 
VINIDÆ, Bartl.: “Plante natantes ramose. Radices plu- 
moss. Folia opposita, pagina supera papillosa. ORGANA 
MASCULA : pili articulati, pedicelli ovuligeri 3 vel filamenta 
moniliformia partium novellarum. ORGANA rc. : Ovula 
atropa (submersa) solitaria v. per paria. Capsule submersæ, 
apice mieropyle notate;—alie (infima cujusque paris vel 


* À new genus of Nees, founded upon a plant detected by Mr. Wilson in 
1829, near Killarney, Ireland, Jungermannia Wilsoni of Dr. Taylor's mss. 
But we do notfind any such plant in the Flora Hibernica, published in 
1836, and to which we have reason to know that Dr. Taylor communicated 
all the native Jungerma“niæ then known to him. 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 39 


racemi) includentes saccum luteum, vel plures (et tunc sin- 
guli in capsuli secundaria reconditi), materia granuloso-viscosa, 
oleaginosa farctum et incrustatione e maxima parte tectum. 
Alie (superiores cujusque paris vel racemi) continentes cap- 
sulas secundarias 00, globosas, pedicellos simplices termi- 
nantes, singulis includentibus, massam (vel massas 2-3) 
aspectu cellulosam, in qua spore immerse.” . This the able 
author divides into two sub-families : 1. SALVINIEÆ; genus 
Salvinia: and 2. Azouuinm; genus Azolla. Three 4to 
plates, with copious analyses, are given in illustration of the 
structure of Azolla, and as many of Salvinia. 


Flora Rossica; sive Enumeratio Plantarum in totius Imperii 
Rossici Provinciis Europeis, Asiaticis et Americanis huc- 
usque observatarum ; auctore Dr. CAROLO FREDERICO 
A LEDEBOUR, vol. 2, part 1 ; Stuttgard, 1844. 


We are glad to be able to announce the appearance of the 
first part of the second volume of this laborious under- 
taking, of which we gave a brief notice at p. 126 of our last 
Volume of this Journal. This second volume commences 
with the Amygdalee ; and the first part closes with Dipsacee. 
All the specific characters, and synonyms, and descriptions, 
are done with great care. Each volume commences with a 
* Conspectus Generum et Specierum," and at the close of 
each order are tables divided into three heads: 1. * Ranuncu- 
lacearum (or whatever the order may be) distributio in Im- 
perio Rossico.” 2, “ Ranunculacearum Flore Rossice dis- 
tributio quoad durationem.” 3. “Tabula comparativa Ranun- 
culacearum Floræ Rossice et Germanice ;" and 4, “ Tabula 
comparativa specierum e Ranunculacearum ordine, que 
singulis Flore Rossice regionibus cum aliis et cum Germania 
communes sunt." 


* 


49 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


JaunERT et Spaca, Illustrationes Plantarum Orientalium, 
Vol. 1. Paris, Ato. 


The first volume of this charming work is now completed 
and it is in every respect worthy of the authors. It contains, 
besides the elaborate maps, one hundred beautifully executed 
figures of new or little known Oriental plants. We have, 
in the first volume of the present Journal, p. 147, detailed the 
motives which induced the noble author to undertake this 
important publication and in our subsequent volumes 
is given a brief notice of the contents of the Livraisons 
as far as Part 10; with the omission of only one part, 
which had not then come to our hands. We shall now 
mention the species figured in that portion as well as in 
the remainder of the volume. Tab. 83, Asperula sherar- 
doides, n. sp. t. 84. Cytisopsis, a new genus, C. dorycniifolia, 
n. sp. t. 85. This and the three following plates are devoted 
to some very remarkable forms of the genus Statice; the 
present one St. Arabica, n. sp. t. 86. St. Bovei, n. sp. t. 87. 
St. sisymbrifolia, Jaub. et Sp. (St. spicata, Hohen.), with 
leaves, as the name implies, resembling those of a Sisymbrium; — 
but with denser spikes of flowers, at first sight more like some 
Valeriana, than a Statice; t. 88. St. plantaginiflora, n. sp. 
(St. spicata, Willd.?), very nearly allied to the preceding; - 
t. 94. St. acerosa, Willd. (not Bieberst.), t. 95. St. lepturoides, — 
Jaub. et Sp. (St. acerosa, Hohen.), t. 96. Ononis Aucherü, — 
n. sp. t. 97. Aristolochia hirta, L. t. 98. A. Botte, n. sp. t.99. 
Arist. Aucherii, n. sp. t. 100. Arist. Billardieri, n. sp. 

We shall look anxiously for the rarities that are to appear 
in the second volume. 


HEwpDREICH’s dried Plants. 


We have much pleasure in giving publicity to the follow- 3 
ing announcement. 20 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION.» 41 


1. Collection de Plantes desséchées de la Morée et de l Attique. 


M. Théodore de Heldreich, jeune botaniste connu par ses 
voyages en Sicile, et maintenant établi en Gréce, vient d'en- 
voyer à Genéve un petit nombre de collections de plantes 
provenant de la Messénie, de la Laconie, surtout des chaines 
du Malévo et du Taygéte, où il a passé tout l'été de 1844; 
une faible portion de ces plantes a été récoltée en Attique, 
dans l'automne de 1843 et au printemps de 1844. Ces col- 
lections, séchées avec soin et intelligence, et dont les espèces 
Méditerranéennes communes ont été exclues, comprennent 
la plupart des bonnes espéces de ces contrées, décrites soit 
dans la Flora Greca, soit dans celle de Morée de Bory et 
Chaubard, et venant représenter dans les herbiers la Flore 
d'une partie presque inexplorée de l'Europe, combleront 
ainsi une lacune importante. Les déterminations ont été 
faites par M. E. Boissier. Le nombre des espéces varie de 
400 à 200 d'aprés le numéro d'ordre des collections. Le prix 
est de 28 francs par centurie. 

S'adresser, franco, à M. Reuter, rue de Coutance, No. 136, 
a Genéve. 


2. Nouveau Voyage Botanique de M. de Heldreich en Orient. 


M. Théodore de Heldreich se proposant de continuer 
l'année prochaine ses excursions botaniques et ayant besoin, 
pour parcourir des contrées plus lointaines, de ressources 
supérieures à celles dont il a pu disposer jusqu'ici, vient pro- 
poser aux botanistes et aux Musées d'histoire naturelle, des 
actions payables d'avance pour un voyage dans lequel, suivant 
les circonstances, il explorera Candie ou Chypre, ou le lit- 
toral opposé et les montagnes de l'Anatolie, contrées si in- 
téressantes par la richesse de leur végétation et de leur 
Position intermédiaires entre les Flores Européene et Asia- 
tique. Ii récoltera des plantes desséchées et des graines. 
Chaque action est de 100 francs. Les souscripteurs ne 
Paieront la centurie que 25 francs au lieu de 32, prix auquel 
elle sera portée pour les non-souscrivants : la priorité pour 


49 DECADES OF FUNGI. 


l'importance des collections leur sera acquise dans l'ordre de 
leur souscription, et cette derniére leur sera remboursée en 
tout ou en partie, en cas de réussite incomplète du voyage. 

Les souscriptions, en mandats sur Paris, et les lettres, 
doivent étre envoyées à M. Reuter, rue de Coutance, No. 136, 
à Genève. La souscription sera fermée au ler janvier, 1845. — 


a- 


Decapes or FUNGI; » the Rev. M. J. BERKELEY, MA. E | 
F.L.S. P 


Dec. “reais AUSTRALIAN es 
(Tass, I. IL) 


The subjects of the present decades were sento Sir W.J. 
Hooker, by Mr. Drummond from the Swan River. It wil | 
be observed that a large proportion are either entirely new 
species, or common European forms; the few remaining 
species are, with scarce an exception, not tropical forms. 
The collection is very rich in species belonging to the Lyco- 
perdaceous and Podazxineous group and we have reason to 
believe that new discoveries will be made in these families. | 
The list of Agarics would be much larger had not the notes - 
belonging to many species been lost, and the specimens 
themselves much corroded by insects. It is certainly the 
finest collection which has yet been received from Australia, 
and we have good reason to. believe from Mr. Drummond’ 
anxiety to be useful, that we shall be able at some future. 
time to give a far more complete list, 

*Agaricus excoriatus, Fr. Drumm. n. 108. 

The Swan River specimens are decidedly bulbous at the 
base, and the gills when fresh, have a slight sulphur tinge- 

21. A. (Lepiota) rhizobolus, n. sp.; pileo convexo carnoso- 
nitido: albo centro presertim squamis- verrucæformibus 
ornato ; velo marginali: stipite glabro brevi bulboso radicem - 
profond exserente ; lamellis latiusoulis liberis, Drums 
n. 106. = 


DECADES OF FUNGI. 43 


On the ground. Much eaten by the smaller marsupial 
animals. 

Pileus 1-6 inches broad convex fleshy, shining, adorned 
especially in the centre with pyramidal wart-like scales, veil 
at first rather thick, soon vanishing from the stem and at- 
tached to the inflected edge of the pileus. Stem about 
1 inch high with a very thick bulbous base which is elongated 
below into a thick pyramidal root. Gills free or only ad- 
nexed, broadish with their interstices smooth, white. Spores 
white, broadly elliptic when seen from behind, but when 
viewed laterally the inner side is nearly straight. 

À magnificent species. which comes near to 4g. Vittadini, 
Morett. : 

*A. nudus, Bull. Drumm. n. 198. ` 

22. A. (Tricholoma) muculentus, n. sp.; cæspitosus ; pileo 
convexo subcarnoso umbonato glabro albido, stipiteque sub- 
quali solido viscosissimo; lamellis tenuibus distantibus 
ventricosis rotundatis dente attenuato a stipite remotis acie 
integris. Drumm. n. 43. 

On the ground amongst moss. 

Cespitose forming small tufts about 13 inch high.  Pileus 
1-14 inch, white, thickly coated with a transparent jelly, 
convex slightly fleshy, umbonate not scaly.. Stem 1-13 inch 
high, 13-2 lines thick, viscid like the pileus nearly equal 
expanded above solid. . Gills ventricose, thin, distant, entire, 
rounded behind with a narrow tooth and leaving a free space 
round the top of the stem. - Spores subglobose, white. r 

The colour of the whole. when fresh is apparently white. 
It approaches very near to Ag. mucidus, but that has a strong 
persistent ring and belongs to the section Armillaria. The 
habitat too is different. 

*A. gilvus, P. Drumm. n. 115. 

On the ground amongst little twigs &c., with a branched 
white mycelium: oii: nsi 

Messrs. Tulasne shewed me one in a similar state gathered E. 
9n véry sandy ground in France. Hl c Dip 

23. A. radicatus, Relb. var. superbiens, Berk.; pileo con- - 


44 DECADES OF FUNGI. 


vexo fusco viscidulo; stipite radicato longissimo subcavo 
intus strigoso, extus presertim ad basim furfuraceo-velutino, 
lamellis distantibus adnato-decurrentibus. Drumm. n. 119. 

Pileus 1 1-3 inches broad, convex, dark brown (when dry); 
slightly viscid, smooth, sometimes lobed; stem 5-6 inches 
high, + inch thick, attenuated upwards, minutely furfuraceous 
especially at the base, rooting deeply. Gills distant adnato- 
decurrent, yellowish at length orange in dry specimens. 

Itis possible that this may prove distinct, but if so it is 
allied to A. radicatus. The colour of the gills in the largest 
specimens is nearly that of the hymenium of Stereum hirsutum 
which seems to indicate a specific difference. 

24. A. (Mycena) crinalis, n. sp.; tenerrimus, pileo hemis- 
pherico membranaceo striato albo ; stipite capillari lutescenti- 
fusco farinaceo ; lamellis paucis arcuatis decurrentibus. 
Drumm. n. 221. | | 

On decayed wood. 

Gregarious; pileus }-1 line across, very delicate, hemis- - 
pherical, smooth, striate, membranaceous, white. Stem about | 
an inch high, flexuous, yellow-brown, farinaceous, attached by - 
a few strige. Gills 8-10 white, arcuate, decurrent. 

This minute species belongs to the section Filopodes of - 
Mycena, but there is none with which it can be confounded. — 

*A. fibula, Bull. On the ground. | 

25. A. (Pleurotus) lampas, Berk.; fascicularis; phospho- | 
reus; pileo centrali lobato carnoso glabro fulvo-nigrescente, - 
margine tenui involuto ; stipite compresso sursum incrassato - 
solido demum fisso gie lamellis angustis integer 
longissime decurrentibus. Drumm. n. 109. 

On the stems of sickly but living plants of Grevillea Dra 
mondii, Preiss. near the roots. 

Fasciculate. Pileus 4 inches across, convex in the en 
with the margin plane at first, quite entire and pale, then 
deeply lobed and gradually passing through various tawny | 
shades into deep brown or black, perfectly smooth, margin 
involute. Stem 2 inches high, 4 an inch or more thick, solid, 
perfectly smooth, sometime splitting. Gills narrow, yello 


DECADES OF FUNGI. 45 


when dry, very decurrent, quite entire with their interstices 
even. Spores white. 

Allied to 4g. nidiformis, Berk., which is also a phospho- 
rescent species. See vol. 1, p. 215, and vol. 2, p. 173. 

*A. atro-ceruleus, Fr.— Drumm. n. 131. 

*A. applicatus, Batsch.— Drumm. n. 224, 286. 

*A. perpusillus, Fr.—Drumm. n. 132. 

*A. chioneus, P. Myc. Eur. vol. 3, p. 28, tab. 26, fig. 10, 11. 

On dry dung. 

26. A. (Volvaria) vanthocephalus, Berk.; pileo convexo 
aureo e volvà albo-maculato ; stipite bulboso, volvá adnatá 
margine sublibero lamellisque remotis attenuatis liberis pul- 
cherrime pallido-gilvis. Drumm. n. 107. 

On the ground. : 

Pileus 1-2 inches broad, convex, sometimes umbonate, 
subcarnose with the margin very thin, varying from bright 
orange to golden yellow spotted by the volva. Stem 1-2 
inches high, 2-3 lines broad, strongly bulbous at the base, 
slightly dilated above, furnished at the base with an adnate 
volva whose borders are free of a beautiful cream colour. 
Gills of the same colour as the stem, moderately broad, but 
not ventricose, much attenuated behind and leaving a circular 
Space round the top of the stem. Ring none. 

The specimens of this species are not so perfect as could 
be wished, especially as regards the gills, so that I am not 
absolutely certain as to the colour of the spores, but as far 
as I can judge from their appearance under the microscope 
and especially from the circumstance of the gills being re- 
mote, I think myself justified in considering it a Volvaria. 
Without the assistance of Mr. Drummond's notes, I should 
not have ventured to describe it, but the characters are so 
marked, that there can be no difficulty in recognizing it, and 
I shall hope shortly to obtain more perfect specimens. 

. 27. A. (Pholiota) allantopus, Berk.; pileo carnoso aureo 
mnato-squamuloso ; stipite subtenui basi elongatà bulbosá; 
apes fagaci; lamellis ferrugineo-aureis adnatis.— Drumm, 
n. E wee Poy 


46 DECADES OF FUNGI. 


On the ground. ; 

Pileus 3} inches broad, fleshy, umbonate, golden yellow : 
with minute innate scales. Stem 4 inches high, 1-3rd of an inch 
thick above, swelling at the base into an oblong rooting bulb 
which collects the earth with its fibrillose mycelium after the 
fashion of a Scleroma, ring fugacious. Gills bright ferrugi- — 
nous-yellow adnate rather broad, spores elliptic, golden-yel- 
low when seen by transmitted light À 

This species is closely allied to Ag. aureus, but differs very 
much in the nature of the stem. It is a very noble species. 

*A lanuginosus, Fr. (non Bull.)—Drumm. n. 229. 

28. A, (Naucoria) Drummondii, n. sp. pileo convexo | 
- glabro viscoso, stipite fibrilloso fistuloso sarsum farinaceo, 
basi tomentoso, tomento super matricem expanso, lamellis - 
argillaceis ventricosis denticulatis.— Drumm. n. 116. 

On rotten wood. 

Pileus 4 3 of an inch broad, convex, subhemispherical, ver : 
thin even in the centre, smooth, viscid. Stem 3 of an inch, - 
3 a line thick, nearly equal fibrillose below, — above 
from the remains of the white marginal furfuraceous fugitive - 
veil, clothed at the base with white down which spreads in | 
a round patch over the matrix. Gills argillaceous, rather 
distant, ventricose, adnate with a slight tooth, margin white, 
denticulate, spores argillaceous, elliptic. The young plant is 
perfectly white. E 

Allied to Ag. myosotis. s 

29. A. (Crepidotus) lepton, n. sp; e resupinato — 1 
pileo convexo pruinoso fulvo-ochraceo, stipite obsoleto: — 
lamellis latiusculis ochraceis albo-marginatis. — Drumm. - 
ni299. ; $ 

On bark. T 

Pileus 2 lines broad, attached at the vertex by a little down, - 
convex not at all striate, tawny ochre, densely pruinose. 3 
Stem obsolete, or if present extremely short and pruinose - 
like the pileus. Gills broad, ochraceous, bordered with 4 — 


pruinose white edge. Spores elliptie with a large nucleus, 
flat when dry. 


DECADES OF FUNGI. 47 


*A. mollis, Schæff.— Drumm. n. 296, in part, 129, 272, in 
part. 

There are several other Agarics in the collection, some of 
Which are probably new, but which do not admit of being 
determined without notes. | 

*Bolbitius fragilis, Fr.— Drumm. n. 118. 

On dung. 

*A. campestris L.— Drumm. var. varius. n. 105. var. mawi- 
mus, n. 104. 

On the ground. l 
Of this well-known species Mr. Drummond finds tw 
varieties which he names maximus and varius. The former 
of these, which even in middle sized specimens attains the 
diameter of a foot, is found in poor clay land in the white 
gum forests. The stem is about two inches thick and very 
short; the cuticle thick and tough and projecting over the 
gills and forming a distinct border. The gills are whitish 
with a tinge of rose colour, turning to deep rose colour, when 
bruised and the flesh when exposed to air-changes to deep 
tose colour. It is said to be as much superior to the common 

form as Knights Marrow Fat Pea is to the Hotspur. 

The other variety is much smaller and is covered with a 
delicate iron-red scaly cuticle, with a purplish tinge, but so 
thin that the flesh appears white through it. The gills are of 
a beautiful rose-colour, cream-colour, or white, scarcely two 
individuals being found alike; it grows under the York gum 
trees, | ce gm ve 
The cultivated plant, Mr. Drummond writes, was intro- 
duced into the colony, and soon became naturalized about 
Perth. It may be indigenous in Western Australia, but in 
ninety-nine places out of a hundred where it is now found, 
he has no doubt it is introduced, being carried from farm to 
farm by the domestic animals. — : zi | 

" Few orders of plants,” says Mr. Drummond, “appear 
to contribute more to the support of animal life than the - 
Fungi in Western Australia. Many species, particularly of 


48 DECADES OF FUNGI, 


the genus Boletus, are used as food by the natives, and di- - 
rectly supply no inconsiderable portion of their support for - 
several months in the year; but since I began to make my . 
collection with the intention of sending them to you, I have 3 
often been surprised at the large number of fungi that are - 
eaten by almost the whole of the marsupial animals. Of many — 
species, I am satisfied that scarce a hundredth part escapes : 
them; so assiduous are they in watching them, that of seve- — 
ral sorts which are common in the ground, they rarely allow — 
one to appear above the surface. They are directed to them 
apparently by smell and the cracking of the ground over — 
them, and dig them up and devour them, leaving only some — 
fragments to tell where they grew, and several of our fungi I- 
only know from fragments seen of them in that way. id 

“The most delicious of our Fungi for the table is a pis : 
nearly allied to Boletus, but the pores instead of being placed - 
side by side, on the under side of the pileus, run in all direc- - 
tions through the mass, at least through that part of it which - 
is elevated on a stem. The whole plant is white, the lower | 
part farinaceous like a mealy potato; the shape of the upper 
part is irregular, generally angular uneven above. It is com- - 
mon in a particular sort of land, but it is so eagerly sought | 
by the fungivorous animals, that it was with great difficulty — 
I could procure a few specimens. The only thing which - 
generally remains to show where they have dug it up and 
eaten it, is a little of the white powdery part.” opi 

Unfortunately, no specimens of this species arrived ; but 
if a fragment, which I pieked out from some other fungh | 
belong to it, it should seem to be a species of Secotium with 
the spores similar to those of Secotium Gueinzii, Kze. 

30. Cortinarius (Myxacium) erythreus, n. sp., parvus sañ- 
guineus; pileo convexo glabro stipiteque brevi viscoso; l3 
mellis adnexis ventricosis; mycelio flavo.— Drumm. n. 11 

On the ground. = 

Pileus 1-13 inch broad, blood red, clothed with a thie! 
gelatinous coat, smooth, often lobed ; veil consisting of strong 


DECADES OF FUNGI. 49 


fibres, covered with a mucous coat. Stem 3 of an inch 
high, 2 lines thick, slimy, like the pileus; root and my-. 
. celium yellow; gills ventricose, adnexed. Spores of a red 
ochre. 

31. Paxillus Eucalyptorum, n. sp.; cæspitosus pileo con- 
vexo carnoso compacto flavo-fusco ; stipite deorsum attenuato 
transversim squamuloso ; lamellis distantibus decurrentibus 
flavis; sporis elongatis.— Drumm. n. 111. 

Under the York gum trees. 

Cespitose. Pileus 3-9 inches across, yellow brown, con- 
vex, very thick and fleshy, compact, with a very minute, 
mealy pubescence, especially near the margin. Stem 24 
inches high, 3 of an inch thick above, attenuated below, 
marked with flat, minute, transverse scales. Mycelium 
white, reticulate. Gills of a fine yellow, thick, scarcely at all 
ventricose, slightly decurrent, sparingly forked, separating 
from the pileus. Spores large, oblong, colourless, at least 
when dry. Antheridia conical, giving the gills a pubescent 
appearance. 

32. Cantharellus viscosus, n. sp.; pulcherrime flavus ; pileo 
infundibuliformi repando subundulato viscoso ; stipite deor- 
sum attenuato flavo-pruinoso; plicis lamelliformibus furcatis 
decurrentibus ; sporis lete ochraceis.— Drumm. n. 114. 

On the ground, amongst little twigs, &c. 

Whole plant of a beautiful yellow. Pileus 1j inch across, 
infundibuliform with the margin, repand, subcarnose. Stem 
l inch high, gradually increasing towards the part where the 
gills are given off, where it is 1-3rd of an inch thick, attached 
by a white anastomosing mycelium to twigs, &c., covered 
above with yellow meal. Folds decurrent, gill-like, but 
rather thick forked. Spores of a bright ochre, oblique under 
the microscope, of a beautiful golden yellow. 

A very beautiful species, of which I have seen only a single 
Specimen, accompanied fortunately by notes. It agrees in 
the colour of its spores with Cortinarius, but is distinguished — 
at once by its thick, lamellar processes. I do not know any 

VOL. 1v, Peet. eer 


50 DECADES OF FUNGI. : 
species of Cantharellus allied to it. The habit is that of C. | 
cibarius and aurantiacus. 
* Lentinus fasciatus, Berk. Hook. Journ. of Bot. vol. ri : 
p- 146, tab. v.— Drumm. n. 134. var. c. fasciatus. 3 
In this variety the hairs of the pileus are more distinctly | : 
fasciculate, the gills almost uniform in colour, and there is no - 
trace of the peculiar band at their base. In other respects | 
the specimens agree, and certainly indicate only a single - 
species. | 
* Schizophyllum commune, Fr.— Drumm. n. 280, e 
part). P 
33. Boletus marginatus, Drumm. mss ; pileo convexo com- 
pacto subtiliter velutino margine tenui ab hymenio discreto . 
involuto ; stipite brevi turbinato-tuberoso subradicato nigro | 
non reticulato subvelutino ; tubulis liberis fuscis intus pal- | 
lidis ; sporis subrotundis pallide ferrugineis. — Drumm: 
n. 155. 2: 
On the ground, but rare. 
Pileus 5 inches across, convex, very fleshy, compact, black, 
with a fine velvety down, which is of a golden brown under the | 
microscope, furnished at the edge with a thin, almost mem- - 
branous border, distinct from the hymenium and involute. - 
Stem 11 inch high and thick, very much swollen, and incras- 
sated boim its commencement, rooting, black and velvety 
like the pileus, not at all reticulate. Pores brown, without 
pale, within free, not in the least decurrent. Spores R 
elliptic, very pale, ferruginous. 
34. Boletus alliciens, Berk.; pileo glabro luteo viscoso; 
carne fractá cæruleå ; stipite subtiliter tomentoso deorsum 
inerassato; non reticulato; tubulis flavis ee nee ad- 
nexis.—Drumm. n. 156. H 
On the ground, called by the — Woorda. 
Pileus 23 inches across, convex, fleshy, smooth, slimy; 
yellow.—Stem 13 inch high, 4-1 inch thick, minutely tomen- 
tose, not in the least reticulated. Pores yellow, irregular, 
adnexed, so that the cavity of those nearest to the stem ! 
exposed. Spores pale, oblong. Distinguished at once by 


DECADES OF FUNGI, 51 


slimy surface and changeable flesh.—It is much esteemed 
by the natives as an article of food. 

35. Polyporus (Mesopus) oblectans, n. sp.; pileo tenui co- 
riaceo depresso inciso repando centro presertim zonato, stri- 
goso-striato nitidulo late cinnamomeo; stipite centrali velutino 
rubro-fusco; poris parvis dentatis cinnamomeis.— Drumm. 
D 157. 

On sandy ground. 

Pileus 14 inch across, deeply depressed, with the margin 
spreading and laciniated, thin, coriaceous, rough, with 
linear radiating, somewhat strigose, bundles of flocci more 
or less zoned, especially in the centre, slightly shining, of a 
rich cinnamon brown, except in the centre, where it is fre- 
quently cinerous; sometimes crested with flat, laciniate 
processes, or laterally confluent. Stem central, about 1 inch 
high, 1-2 lines thick, clothed with a rich, red-brown velvety 
pubescence. Pores small, very irregular, and jagged, with 
thin dissepiments, often very shallow, or quite obsolete to- 
wards the margin, of the same colour with the pileus. 

This species resembles Pol. perennis, but differs in its bright 
colour, more flexible substance, and in the peculiar appear- 
ance of the pileus. It is also very near to P. cinereus, which 
has however much larger pores, as well as being of a duller 
tint. It accords with P. Montagnei in this latter respect, 
but that is a much smoother and neater species. | 

36. P. (Mesopus) Cladonia, n. sp. minuta; pileo cyathi- 
formi tenuissimo fasciculato-tomentoso fulvo-cinnamomeo 
demum glabrescente nitido nigro; stipite sursum incrassato 
velutino, Hymenio tarde evoluto ; poris brevibus irregula- 
ribus.—Drumm. n. 220. 

On common soil. 

_ Pileus 4-3 an inch. across, cyathiform, very thin, of a tawny 
cinnamon fasciculato-tomentose, at length becoming perfectly 
smooth, black, shining, and zoned. Stem jan inch high, 
gradually swelling upwards into the pileus, and of the same 
colour with it. Hymenium for a long time barren, and of 
the same colour with the stem ; pores small, shallow, irregular. 

| MN wc 


59 DECADES OF FUNGI. 


This agrees in many respects with P. oblectans, but perfect — 
specimens are scarce} an inch in diameter, and there isa 
peculiar habit about the species like that of Cantharellus | 
sinosus. The colour of the stem also is different, and the 1 
whole plant much more delicate. It changes when old very - 
much, and becomes black, like many Agarics. The name 15 — 
intended to indicate its resemblance when young to some of 
the cupbearing lichens. 

* P. gilvus, Schwein.—Drumm. n. 247, 278. 

* P. isidioides, Berk. Hook. L. J. vol. 2, p. 415.—Drumm. 
n. 283. 

In Mr. Drummond's specimens the hairs are collected into 
short setiform processes. The species is very closely con- 
nected with P. gilvus. This is not the only instance in ies i 
Uitenhage species occur in Australia. : 

* Pol. varius, Fr. Drumm. n. 154. 

Pileus innate-squamulose at first minutely velvety. À. 
single specimen only found on the flooded gum. 2 

37. P. (Apus) demissus, n. sp; pileis imbricatis cucullatis 
suberosis dependentibus spongioso-tomentosis pallidis postice - 
flavis fulvisve; hymenio demum griseo-fusco margine sterili ; 
poris subrotundis, acie albis subobtusis.—Drumm. n. 150. 

On decayed partly charred wood. 

Pilei imbricated 4 an inch long, 1 inch broad, effused be- 
hind, arched, with the neck inclined or even vertical, corky, 
clothed with spongy down, which is sometimes disposed in 
little hispid fascicles, pale ochre in front, behind yellow of- 
tawny. Hymenium not at all visible externally, grey brown, 
not extending to the extreme margin, sometimes of a pale 
reddish tinge behind; pores suborbicular, minute, ss 
edge obtuse, white. 

This species is sometimes quite resupinate, aid the pores 
have no grey tinge, but are just of the same colour as Em 
of Pol. ulmarius. : 


Allied to Pol. adustus, but dilema: ino any state I have 
seen of that variable species, : : 


* P. (Apus) portentosus, Berk. in Hook. Lond. Journ: 5 
p. 188,— Drum, n. 142, 


DECADES OF FUNGI. 53 


This species makes tinder without any preparation. 

38. P. (Apus) ochroleucus, n. sp.; erumpens, pileo angulato 
suberoso pauci-zonato ochroleuco primum subtiliter tomen- 
toso demum glabro, margine obtuso sterili, contextu albido 
hymenio subconcolore poris punctiformibus. parvis sæpe 
obturatis acie obtusis integerrimis.— Drumm. n. 248, 285. 

Bursting through the bark of decayed branches. 

Pileus 14 inch broad and long, angulate, corky, at first mi- 
nutely tomentose, but soon nearly smooth, with four or five 
convex zones, whitish ochre, rather tawny in the older por- 
tion ; margin obtuse, barren. Hymenium flat or slightly 
convex ; pores small, round, with obtuse dissepiments, as if 
pricked with a pin, rather darker than the pileus, yellowish 
within, sometimes slightly angular, arranged regularly in 
quincunxes, stratose. Substance white. 

There is a strange resemblance between this species and 
the Philippine P. ochreo-laccatus, Mont., but not only does 
it want the laccate coat, but the substance of the pileus is 
white instead of brown. It is curious that, as in that species, 
the orifices of the pores are often blocked up. I cannot point 
out any species to which it is really very closely allied, but it 
will take its place near Pol. marginatus. 

39. P. (Apus) compressus, n. sp.; minor, oblique compresso- 
ungulatus; pileo zonato lineato-rugoso primum albido-fulvo 
demum brunneo-nigra; contextu angustissimo albido; hy- 
menio obliquo albo; poris stratosis parvis punctiformibus 
subintegris.— Drumm. n. 141. | 

On hard dead wood. 3 

Pileus 1 inch broad, 3 inch long, hard, obliquely ungulate 
and compressed at first, of a tawny white and occasionally 
slightly tomentose, passing through different shades of brown 
to black, zoned, marked with raised rugged lines, paler to- 
wards the margin. Substance whitish, extremely thin. My- 
celium white, penetrating deeply into the wood. Hymenium 
for the most part extremely oblique, so that the pileus and 
hymenium are almost in the same plane white. Pores stra- 
tose, 1-100th of an inch in diameter, forming almost the 


54 DECADES OF FUNGI. 


whole substance of the pileus, whitish, wood-coloured within, 
punctiform ; dissepiments: obtuse, nearly entire. In a very 
young state there is probably a slight silky appearance. 

Allied to the foregoing species and to Pol. annosus also, but 
on a much smaller scale. 

40. P. (Apus) rimosus, n. sp.; pileo duro longævo altis- 
sime ungulato zonato cinnamomeo; zonis recentioribus læ- 
. tioribus sericeis lineatis; vetustioribus rimosis; hymenio 
rbabarbarino ; poris parvis subangulatis acie velutinis, con- 
textu ferrugineo.—Drumm. n. 144. P. igniarius, var. scaber, 
Berk. Annals of Nat. Hist. vol. 3, p. 324. . 

On gum-trees and manna-trees ; much preyed on by the- 
larva of a small moth. 

Pileus 3-4 inches broad, 14-24 inches long, 2-4 dias high, 
very hard and slow of growth, zoned, the older portions much - 
cracked, brown and scabrous, the border of a pretty cinna- 
mon, elegantly marked with silky lines, with the edge acute, 
but in old specimens occasionally very obtuse. Pores rhu- - 
barb-coloured, small, irregular, their edge velvety. Bobstanég x 
ferruginous. ; 

This I formerly considered as a variety of Pol. igniarius, | 
but perfect specimens before me do not confirm this notion. - 
The pores are larger, and the whole aspect of perfect speci- 
mens very different. In old ‘specimens a very thin stratum 
is deposited every year. 

* P. igniarius, Fr. Drumm. n. 143, 146. E 

On the Mangart living to a great age, and on the Man- D 
glesia Drummondii. z 

Mr. Drummond considers the two forms indicated i the x 
above numbers as distinct though closely allied, but I can 
see no distinctive marks in the specimens before me. : 

41. P. gryphææformis, n. sp. durissimus; pileo hemi- E 
spherico-conchæformi cinnamomeo ; ; margine subtenuilineato- - 
rugoso badio; hymenio concavo porisque minutis stratosis | 
badiis intus rli barberiiiéz apnd n. 149. i 

Pileus 5 inches in diameter, 24 inches higts, nearly hemi 
spherical conchæform, attached by the convex vertex, and 


DECADES OF FUNGI. 55 


marked with patches of the rhubarb-coloured mycelium; 
margin alone free, obscurely zoned, rather thin and acute, 
bay marked with linear wrinkles. Hymenium. extremely 
concave, bay; pores minute, stratose, forming indeed the 
whole mass of the pileus, rhubarb-coloured within. The 
growth of this species is extremely slow, a very thin layer 
only being deposited annually, which barely reaches the 
margin. 

This species was not gathered by Mr. Drummond himself, 
but brought to him by a native on account of its curious 
form, which is like that of some large Gryphea or Productus. 
The specimen, indeed, resembles much in form the upper fig. 
tab. 321 of Productus personatus in Sowerby’s Mineral Con- 
chology. It is allied to Pol. igniarius. 

P. cinnabarrinus. Fr.— Drumm. n. 148. 23/5100 

* P. Feei, Fr. Pol. lilacino-gilvus, Berk. — Drumm. n. 
147. 

This species, like many others, varies extremely as regards 
the surface of the pileus, which in some specimens is nearly 
smooth, in others, clothed with a spongy coat. I therefore 
refer the Australian plant to P. Feei, of which I have a speci- 
men from M. Fée's herbarium. 

42. P. (Apus) venustus, n. sp.; pileo reflexo coriaceo 
zonato albido; zonis obscurioribus ; antice fasciculato-tomen- 
toso hispidulo, postice subcalvescente, margine subfusco; 
hymenio purpureo; poris mediis variis, dissepimentis tenui- 
bus laciniatis.— Drumm. n. 135. yee b 

On dead wood of some Conifera or allied family, probably 


. Forming elongated patches, consisting of numerous, often 
imbricated individuals, attached laterally and effused behind, 
With the margin broadly reflected or entirely resupinate ; 
pileus thin, coriaceous, dirty white, with a few dark zones 
gradually becoming smooth behind, in front clothed with 
fasciculate down slightly hispid; extreme margin brown. 
Hymenium of a beautiful purple when fresh, purple- row 4 
when dry ; pores about 1-30th of an inch in diam.; disse- 


purple-brown 


56 DECADES OF FUNGI. 


piments thin, laciniate, often breaking up into fine lamelli- 
form processes. 

Allied to Pol. abietinus, but at once distinguished by its 
far larger pores, which break up into lamelliform plates, so as 
to present the appearance of a Dedalea, and the different 
aspect of the pileus. It is also nearly allied to P. Menandianus, 
Mont., pergameneus, Fr., arcticus, Fr., laceratus, Berk. ; but 
it is on a larger scale than any of these. Individuals occur 
in which the zones are scarcely visible, and the whole aspect 
of the pileus different, but they have evidently been affected 
by some external causes. 

* P, ferruginosus, Fr. 

On dead wood. 

43. P. (Resupinatus) tardus, n. sp. albus; mycelio ceraceo 
corticiiformi, margine angusto tomentoso; poris tarde eyo- 
lutis parvis integerrimis.—Drumm. n. 130. 

On dead wood. 

At first resembling Corticium molle, at length produc- — 
ing pores, and forming large patches with a narrow tomen- — 
tose margin ; orifices of the pores, which are about 1-100th 
of an inch in diam., quite entire, rather obtuse. The hyme- - 
nium is at first white, but in drying assumes an ochraceous 
tint. 

This species, if the pores were not well-developed, would 
almost belong to Merulius. It isa very distinct species, Et 
difficult to characterise in words. 

* P. vaporarius, Fr.—Drumm. n. 136. 

On dead wood. 

Two other allied forms occur on dead wood; one, n. 137; 
which changes very little in drying, but has no other promi- 
nent character though possibly distinct; and another, with- - 
out any number, on very rotten wood, which has the pores - 
precisely like those of P. vaporarius, but scattered in patches, | 
the interstices having a peculiar glistening appearance, as dE 
powdered with some kind of fecula. This under the micro- | 
scope is found to consist of innumerable crystals, and polt - 
sibly may be entirely independent of the — se 


DECADES OF FUNGI. 51 


* Trametes Pini, Fr.—Drumm. n. 145. 

Some of the smaller specimens are regularly zoned. 

44. Hexagonia decipiens, n. sp.; pileo horizontali duro 
suberoso plus minus zonato rufo-fusco velutino margine 
quandoque ferrugineo: hymenio griseo-brunneo, poris mediis 
irregularibus, dissepimentis  crassiusculis. — Drumm. No. 
151, 152. 

On Casuarina, penetrating through the bark. 

Pileus $ of an inch long, 14 inch broad, hard, corky, hori- 
zontal, sometimes much effused at the base, with either about 
three equal convex zones, clothed with a rich, red-brown, 
velvety pile, or with many zones, in which case either the 
whole pileus or the margin is ferruginous; mycelium and 
substance ferruginous, but where it enters the matrix nearly 
white. Hymenium horizontal, greyish brown ; pores 1-30 
of an inch in diam., irregular; dissepiments rather thick. — 

Some specimens are perfectly resupinate, in which case 
the pores are far wider, and sometimes there are pores on 
the pileus 2 or 3 lines broad, probably from the specimens 
having been accidentally reversed. This is one among the 
many instances which show how necessary it is to have Poly- 
port in various stages of growth. In the present case those 
specimens which have grown slowly could scarcely be deter- 
mined, from the specific character drawn up from the few 
zoned individuals, though the relation is evident at once to 
the eye. 

* H. Gunnii, Berk.— Drumm. n. 153. 

On flooded gums. A rare species. 

* Merulius Corium, Fr. Drumm. n. 249. 

* M. lacrymans, Schum.— Drumm. n. 269. 

On decayed wood. : 

_ 45. Hydnum investiens, n. sp.; totum resupinatum, latis- 
‘ime expansum, subiculo primum tomentoso, demum com- 
pacto glabro ; aculeis mediis compressis acutis penicillatisque. 
—Drumm. n. 138. T 

Lining the inside of decayed * Black-boys.” —. es 

Subiculum rather thick, at first white, tomentose, consist- 


58 DECADES OF FUNGI. 


ing of loosely interwoven, cottony threads, at length more 
compact and smooth. Aculei 1-1 line long, compressed, 
sometimes very acute, sometimes very obtuse and obscurely 
penicillate, of a pale ochre. 

This species resembles somewhat resupinate forms of H. 
ochraceum; it has, however, the habit of H. farinaceum, but 
the aculei are much larger. In one specimen the aculei are 
much élongated, darker, and extremely acute.  % It grows,” 
says Mr. Drummond, “inside of decaying trunks of Black-boy. 
The outer crust of the Black-boy, charred as it always is and 
cemented together with gum, affords little nourishment to 
any vegetable, but the pith is of a different description. The 
fungus arranges itself inside of the outer covering, but re- 
ceives its nourishment from the pith. Where it qms it is 
entirely in the dark." 

46. H. dispersum, n. sp.; totum resupinatum ; yabidi 
tenui ceraceo demum evanescente ; aculeis mediis basi fasci- 
culatis compressis apicibus subulatis, —Drumm. n. 207. 

On very decayed wood. 

Forming long patches. Subiculum very thin, ceraceous, 
but frequently obsolete or entirely evanescent. Aculei fasci- 
culate at the base, compressed, subulate above, about 4 a line 
long, tawny when dry, but probably white and transparent 
when fresh. 

It appears to be a very distinct species. The aculei follow 
the lines of the cellular tissue of the wood, and form more - 
or less distinct rows. Hence it has somewhat the habit of - 
an Jrpex. T 

47. H. Isidioides, n. sp. ; totum resupinatum subiculo crus- … 
taceo albo margine subfimbriato à matrice frustulatim separa- 
bili; aculeis brevibus obtusis primum distinctis, dein Pic ^ 
entibus,— Drumm. n. 149. i 

On the Hymenium of Pol. grypheiformis. We 

Forming a thin crustaceous stratum about 4 inches — 4 
cracking only where the matrix cracks, and separable in small — 
fragments, especially towards the centre. Aculei short, cy- - 
lindrical, obtuse, at first scattered, at length crowded. This — 


DECADES OF FUNGI. 59 


species at first somewhat resembles Polyporus vaporarius, but 
it is a true Hydnum, and very distinct, though difficult to de- 
fine in words. 

* Thelephora caryophyllea, Fr.—Drumm. n. 200. 

48. Stereum i//udens, n. sp. ; coriaceum subrigidum, pileo 
effuso reflexoque zonato radiato-plicato hirsuto spadiceo, hy- 
menio levi glabro carneo rufo.—Drumm. n. 158. 

On sticks, &c. Common. 

Pileus effused behind, with the margin reflected, about 1 
inch long and several inches in breadth from the confluence 
of many individuals. Coriaceous, rather rigid zoned clothed 
with a short hairy pile, often plicate in young specimens, of 
à rich brown, becoming grey in the older parts, or when the 
outer coat has vanished dark brown. Hymenium cracked, 
smooth, reddish-brown, with frequently a flesh-coloured 
bloom. 

This species is intermediate between S. purpureum and s. 
spadiceum, but is distinct from either. The hymenium is 
nearly of the same colour with that of S. quercimum with 
a beautiful flesh-coloured bloom. 

* S. purpureum, Fr.—Drumm. n. 281. 

* S. hirsutum, Fr.—Drumm. n. 159, 208. 

"S rubiginosum, Fr.—Drumm. n. 161. : 

49. Auricularia minuta, n. sp. gregaria; pileis minutis 
effuso-reflexis lobatis; extus fulvo-umbrinis hispidulis ; hy- 
menio levi flavo-griseo.— Drumm. n. 163. 

On dead sticks. 134 

Pilei 3 lines broad, effused behind, with the lobed convex 
border reflected, tawny umber, zoned clothed with short, 
hispid pubescence. Hymenium smooth, pruinose, of a yel- 
lowish grey, frequently proliferous. It is only in perfect 
Specimens that the zones are visible. This is a minute and 

species, but cannot be confounded with others. The 
Specimens, though so small have passed through every stage 
of growth. In age it becomes bleached. oe 

50. Corticium radicale, n. sp.; pileo crassiusculo intus 


60 DECADES OF FUNGI. 


albo reflexo plano strigoso albido-fulvo; hymenio glabro 
rimosulo pallidé fulvo demum fusco; margine sterili tomen- 
toso.— Drumm. n. 162. 

At the base of living shrubs. 

Pileus 2 of an inch long, 14 inch broad, effused at the base, 
and surrounding the matrix, broadly reflected above, clothed 
with fasciculate, tawny, strigose hairs; substance rather 
thick, white margin slightly lobed, thin. Hymenium mi- 
nutely cracked, tawny when fresh, pale brown when dry; 
not extending to the edge, which is pale and tomentose. 

A very distinct species from any with which I am ac- : 
quainted. 

51. C. vinosum, n. sp.; resupinatum vel breviter reflexum 
purpureo-fuscum tenue, medio rimoso-areolatum subtiliter 
setulosum : margine pallidiore angusto velutino.—Drumm. 
n, 160. 

On bark. ; 

Forming broad confluent patches many inches long and 
broad, when fresh of a dark claret-purple, purple brown when 
dry ; generally altogether resupinate, but occasionally slightly 
reflected, with the free surface grey and fasciate, thin, but 
partially separable from the matrix, much cracked in the - 
centre, and exposing in the cracks the pallid internal stratum, 
clothed with very fine minute bristles; margin waved, velvety … 
pale, scarcely byssoid. 

This species, which is apparently quite new, resembles 
somewhat the resupinate forms of Thel. rubiginosa. "The 
matrix is deeply penetrated and decomposed by the pale 
mycelium. a 

* C. incarnatum, Fr. Drumm. 

* C comedens, Fr. 


52. Guepinia Pezizeformis, n. sp.; minuta, miniata; sti- | 


pite brevi velutino: hymenio oblique cupuleformi parcé 
rugoso.. . Drumm. n. 205. 


On dead sticks. 


Plant of a beautiful orange red, 1} line high; stem ott 
pileus lateral externally as well as the stem minutely velvety; 


DECADES OF FUNGI. 61 


hymenium obliquely cup-shaped, slightly lobed, sparingly 
wrinkled and pitted within. Spores oblong, sometimes 
curved. 

A very distinct species, with the habit of a Peziza, but a 
most decided Guepinia. 

53. Clavaria setulosa, n. sp.; ochracea, pusilla, stipite brevi 
irregulariter diviso ; ramis compressis furcatis obtusis vel fla- 
bellatis pubescentibus.—Drumm. n. 199. 

On the ground. 

About 1 inch high. Stem short and indistinct, compressed 
with two or three irregular main divisions, and again forked 
or flabellate, with the tops obtuse ; ochraceous, clothed with 
patent, scattered, hispid pubescence, which under a lens is 
found to consist of little bundles of filaments, which are 
compact at the base, but penicillate above. 

In habit it resembles Clavaria pratensis. 

*C. Botrytis, P.—Drumm. n. 197. 

54. Calocera Guepiniodes, n. sp.; pusilla, erumpens, varia- 
bilis, stipite compresso, sursum palmato.—Drumm. n. 204. 

On rotten wood. 

Bursting forth from the decayed wood, in which it makes 
a little round hole. Stem compressed, divided above in a 
palmate manner, with a few very short obtuse branches, and 
those of a red-brown ; or divided at once into two or three 
spathulate branches, which are yellowish and the stem very 
dark. ; 

These two forms, however different at first sight, belong 
to one species, There is a state exactly intermediate. The 
resemblance of the second especially to Guepinia is very 
, teat; but the hymenium goes quite round the branches, and 
there is no velvety down. 

* Tremella mesenterica, Retz.—Drumm. n. 193. 

* T. foliacea, P.— Drumm. n. 93. | | 

* Exidia glandulosa, Fr.— Drumm. n. 194, n. 123 (in part). 

55. Daerymyces rubro-fuscus, n. sp.; pusillus rubro-fuscus ; | 
Stromate sinuato gyroso; sporis magnis globosis ovalibusve 


62 DECADES OF FUNGI. 


simplicibus vel uni-biseptatis (Tab. 1, f. 1.)—Drumm. n. 212, 
n. 225 (in part). 

On decayed branches, either on the wood itself or growing 
from some Sphæria. 

Stroma scarce 1 line high, of a rich red-brown when 
moist, black when dry : flocci slender, short, very sparingly 
branched; spores globose or oval, often distorted, simple or 
with a single transverse septum, and sometimes one of the 
cells is divided by a vertical septum. 5 

Allied to D. moriformis, in which also the spores are large, 
more or less globose, and either really or spuriously septate. 

"Tab. I., f. 19a. Flocci of Dacrymyces rubro-fuscus : 
magnified. b. Spores in various stages of growth: magnified. 

— 56. Secotium melanosporum. n. sp.; pileo irregulari sub- — 
globoso umbilicato; primitus infra furfuraceo, superne — 
glabro; margine rotundato; velo appendiculato marginali; | 
stipite elongato subæquali ; hymenio stipite percurso ; sporis 
nigris. (Tab. I. f, 2.)—Drumm. n. 180. 

On the ground. 

Growing in clusters. Pileus 2-3 inches or more in dia- - 
meter, subglobose, umbilicate at first, sparingly furfuraceous 
except at the apex, margin very obtuse and rounded; vel — 
attached in laciniate fragments to the margin. Stem 2-23 
inches high -+ an inch thick, solid, passing completely … 
through the hymenium, which forms the whole mass of the — 
pileus, exhibiting on the base traces of the volva-like veil 
Spores minute, obliquely ovate when seen laterally, furnished - E 
with an extremely short peduncle, of a dark-chocolate | 
brown. In the largest specimen, towards the top of the 
stem within, are two little cavities which exhibit traces of an 
hymenium. These, however, do not appear to be constant. — 

This species agrees with S. erythrocephalum, Tul, in the _ 
dark-coloured spores; but it isa much larger and coarser 
species. à 

Tab. I. f. Secotium melanospormum ; nat. size.—4 MES 
highly magnified. 


DECADES OF FUNGI. 63 


57. S. coarctatum, n. sp. ; minutum. olidum ; pileo obovato 
umbilicato, margine acuto coarctato; velo marginali lacerato 
appendiculato ; stipite gracili ; hymenio stipite percurso ; 
sporis ochraceis minutis demum cinereis. (Tab. II. f. 3)— 
Drumm. n. 181. 

On the ground. 

Pileus 4-4 of an inch broad, 4 an inch high, obovate, um- 
bilicate, much constricted below, and pressed to the stem ; 
margin acute; veil marginal, appendiculate. Stem $ of an 
inch high, scarce a line thick, solid, passing completely 
through the mass of the hymenium, expanding above. Hy- 
menium pressed close to the stem, but unconnected with it 
except above, lined with a delicate silky stratum. Spores 
minute, obovate with a globose nucleus, and a very obscure 
peduncle, at first ochraceous, at length cinereous. : 

Tab. I. f. 3. Secotium coarctatum; nat. size.—a. Section 
slightly magnified. b. Spores highly magnified. t 

A third species apparently of this curious genus is found in 
the Swan River district, and is considered a great delicacy for 
the table. Of this I have seen no perfect specimen. If alittle 
fragment which occurred among other fungi belongs to it, 
the spores (as mentioned above) agree in form with those of 
S. Gueinzii ; and froma rough sketch sent by Mr. Drummond, 
it must differ very greatly from the other species; but in the 
uncertainty whether the fragment alluded: to really belongs 
to it, I do not venture to describe or name it. There is also 
a fragment of what appears to be a species of Hymenogaster, 
with oblong yellowish spores. It occurred amongst some 
duplicates, without any indication or notice whatever, and I 
am therefore obliged to wait for farther information. 

* Geaster striatus, D.— Drumm. n. 173. 

On the ground. A very large variety. 

* G. minimus, Schwein.— Drumm. n. 175. de ris 

— 58. G. Drummondii. n. sp.; peridio exteriori simplici rigido 
explanato multipartito intus brunneo; laciniis qualibus; in- 
teriori sessili, disco plano, ore conico plicato. (Tab I. f. 4). - 

On the ground. : aliioah id zi 


64 DECADES OF FUNGI. 


Exterior peridium rigid, multipartite, lined with a dark- 
brown smooth coat. Divisions:about 8, mostly equal acute. 
Interior peridium perfectly sessile, very minutely scabrous, 
pale; disc plane, aperture conical, plicate. Capillitium and — 
spores brown. | 

This species differs from G. wmbilicatus in its rigid outer 
peridium, larger spores, and the disc of the aperture not 
being so decidedly umbilicate. It is more nearly allied to 
G. ambiguus, Mont.; but in that the outer peridium is not 
equally divided, and the lining of it thicker and pale. It 
agrees with it in the size of the spores. The peridium of G. . 
ambiguus, in the only specimen which I possess, is very - 
scabrous. I have no doubt, from a series of specimens 
which I have seen in Dr. Montague’s herbarium, of the dis- 
tinctness of the two species, though it is difficult to indicate 
the exact differences. It is a small species, scarcely exceed- 
ing an inch in diameter when expanded. 

Tab I. f. 4. Geaster Drummondii; nat size. 

*G. rufescens, P.—Drumm. n. 174. 

At once distinguished from G. hygrometricus by its smooth ; 
minute spores. 

59. Bovista lilacina, Mont. and Berk.; turbinata subtus | 
plicata primum pallide ochracea demum sublilacina ; capillitio 
sporisque lilacinis.—Drumm. n. 167. ; 

On the ground. 

Turbinate 23 inches in diameter, plicate below, smooth; 
at first cream-coloured, but gradually acquiring a pale lilac 
tinge; outer coat very thin ; inner at first firm; apex at 
length expanding and lobed, exposing the elliptic lilac capilli- 
tium and minute, globose, smooth spores, which at length 
vanish, and leave a Pezizæform base. The cells are not per- 

sistent in this species as in the genus Hippoperdon. In an 
early stage of growth a section of this species resembles very 
much Lycoperdon cælatum. The stem is hollowed out into 
little sinuous cavities, but those which are destined to be 
fertile form a distinct elliptic mass. In some specimens the 
stem is very decided, in others almost obsolete. 


, 


DECADES OF FUNGI. 65 


— 60. Mycenastrum pheotrichum. Berk. in Hook. Lond. 
Journ. of Bot., Vol. 11. p. 418.—Drumm. n. 166. 

On the ground. 

In an early stage of growth the whole internal mass to the 
very base is formed of little sinuous cavities, which do not 
exhibit the least trace, as far as I can find, of the threads 
which are so peculiar in a later stage of growth. The Euro- 
pean species appears to be figured by Sterbeeck, tab. 28, D. 

* Lycoperdon gemmatum, Fr. Drumm. n. 172, 250. 

* Tulostoma fimbriatum, Fr.—-Drumm. n. 179. 

* Scleroderma geaster, Fr.—Drumm. n. 168. 

* S. vulgare, Fr.—Drumm. 169. 

* Polysaceum Pisocarpium, Fr.—Drumin. n. 170. 

* P. crassipes, Dec. 

Var. australe.— Drumm. n. 171 (in part). : 

This agrees in every respect with European specimens, 
except that the spores are paler, with a slight tinge of yellow. 
It is equally variable in form, the stem being sometimes 
nearly obsolete. It is possible that it may be a distinct 
species, but the only difference visible in the dried specimens 
is that just mentioned, and that may depend on extraneous 
circumstances. 

* P. turgidum, Fr.—Drumm. n. 171 (in part). 

On the ground with the last. 

Distinguished by the stem being divided at the base and 
the brown spores. 
—é6l. Mitremyces luridus, n. sp.; pusillus subsessilis ; peri- 
dio externo subsessili, ore nigro. (Tab. I. f. 5).—Drumm. 

n. 182, 

On sandy soil. 

Outer peridium globose 1-3rd of an inch in diameter, of a 
dingy yellow brown, scabrous, with small black scattered 
&ranules, supported by a short, black, anastomosing mass of 
tendon-like bodies, which collect the grains of sand amongst 
which it grows, Aperture with about 4 or 5 teeth, which 
“re not coloured as in the other species. Inner peridium 


66 DECADES OF FUNGI. 


pale yellow, or sometimes pure white. Spores elliptic with — 
one or two nuclei, mixed with a few filaments. : 

Resembling much Mitremyces fuscus, Berk. a Tasmanian | 
species. Itis, however, very much smaller, and bears nearly — 
the same relation toit that M. Junghunii does to M. lutescens. — 
The teeth have not, as in the other species, the slightest tint — 
of cinnabar. : 

Tab. I. f. 5. Mitremyces luridens ; nat. size.—a. Section - 
showing the internal sae, still full of spores: magnified.—b. 
Spores and flocci ; highly magnified. 

* Lycogala epidendrum, Tr.— Drum. n. 202. 

On charred wood. ; : 

62. Didymium scrobiculatum, n. Sp.; -gessile subconfertum . 
difforme ; peridiis compressis albis scrobiculatis subfurfura- _ 
ceis; floccis albis, sporis compactis nigris.—Drumm, n. 263. — 

On the charred surface of * Black-boys.” - 

Forming little scattered tufts, peridia when solitary sub- | 
globose, but more frequently crowded, though not densely, | 
compressed and irregular, sessile, but not adnate, wrinkled, — 
white slightly furfuraceous ; flocci membranous, white, — 
spores globose, compact, jet-black; columella wanting. = 

Allied to Didymium cinercum, but far less adnate. Indeed — 
there is occasionally a spurious attempt at a stem, Some- — 
times the surface is covered with raised dots rather than - 
wrinkles. d 

* Physarum nutans, P.— Drumm. n. 282 (in part). — 

63. P. flavicomum, n. sp; peridio cernuo subtus umbili- 
catis tenuissimo iridescenti; floccis anastomosantibus june- 
turis triangularibus sporisque globosis luteis stipite gracili 
apice attenuato fusco.—JDrumm. n. 208 in part). 

On very decayed wood. 

Gregarious.  Peridia very broadly umbilicate bensai 
extremely delicate and evanescent, especially above, irides- - 
cent. Capillitium attached to the lower part of the pileus, 
without any trace of columella, forming a loose, yellow net- 
work, with the points of juncture frequently triangular. 


DECADES OF FUNGI. 67 


Spores globose, yellow. Stem attenuated upwards, very 
slender where it gives off the peridium. 

A very elegant species, remarkable for its yellow flocci. 

* Craterium pedunculatum, Trent.—Drumm. n. 259. 

On decayed leaves. 

* Stemonitis fusca, Roth.—Drumm. n. 209, 272 (in part). 

* Arcyria incarnata, P.—Drumm. n. 282 (in part). 

64. Licea applanata, n. sp.; conglomerata, peridiis brevis- 
simis arcte connatis rufis; sporis magnis crocatis.— Drumm. 
n. 188. 

On dead sticks. 

Forming roundish patches which are scarlet when young, 
but of a bright liver brown when mature, consisting of mi- 
nute very short crowded peridia, invisible to the naked eye, 
which contain saffron-coloured spores, intermixed with a few 
filaments ; spores globose, much larger than in L. fragiformis 
and cylindrica. oe í 

* Cyathus vernicosus, Dec.—Drumm. n. 228. 

On rotten wood. 

64. Clathrus pusillus, n. sp.; pusillus, elongato-obovatus, 
columnis precipue ad apicem reticulum amplum efforman- 
tibus, (Tab. I, f. 6.).—Drumm. n. 176. 

On the ground. 

Volva nearly cylindrical or obovate 1-3 of an inch in dia- 
Meter; columns 14 inches or more high, wrinkled trans- 
versely, of a beautiful bright ruby red, springing from four 
to eight together from a point at the base, and forming by 
their juncture above a net with subpentagonal meshes, ex- 
tremely brittle and scarce able to support their own weight. 
Hymenium attached to the inner side of the columns and 
network through their whole extent, except occasionally at 
the base. Spores minute, oblongo-elliptic. 

This beautiful species resembles in many respects Colus 
hirundinaceus, Caval. and Sech. and goes very far to prove 
that their genus is not well founded, for there is no reason _ 
to think that any material difference would be presented by - 
the young plant. The specific difference consists in the 


68 DECADES OF FUNGI. 


much more ample meshes, and the fructifying mass is in the | 
Toulon plant confined to the network, whereas in the pre- | 
sent case it extends more or less down the columns. | 1 
The specimens vary extremely. In the larger the network | 
resembles closely that of Clathrus cancellatus; in the smaller 1 
specimens it is confined to the apex, but specimens occur in | 
which the six ribs merely unite above, and thus form five ob- | 
long meshes, as in Laternea. The most perfect form Mr. 
Drummond considers to be that in which a single pentagonal | : 
mesh is formed at the confluence of the five columns. 4 
Tas. I, f. 6. Clathrus pusillus; nat. size. E! 
An opportunity has lately been afforded, through the kind- | 
ness of Dr. Broomfield, of examining a young specimen of 
Clathrus cancellatus from the Isle of Wight, (Tab. I. f. 7). 
This shows the correctness of Micheli's figure, the substance 
ofthe volva being divided into compartments answering t0 
the meshes, so that in a vertical section a septum answers | 
more or less accurately to each column, as represented by 
Micheli. The fructifying mass is not confined, as in Clathrus | 
crispus, to the angles of the meshes, but extends over thé 
whole of the internal surface of the columns and network | 
being interrupted only here and there by obscure passage’ 
running from the central mass of jelly. Clathrus cancellatus and 
C. crispus, then, are generically distinct, and the sectional 
denomination Clethria must be raised to the rank of a genu 
The difference will be seen at once on comparing the pres 
figure with that given of Clethria crispa in Ann. and Mag: 
Nat. Hist. vol. 9, tab. xv. It is observable that in the eg 
state Clathrus presents an appearance very similar to the : 
pitate Phalloidee. In the case of Clathrus, however, 
pileus only is developed. I find the spores and sporophores 9 
represented by Brongniart in his Introduction to Botany 
p. 546. A late opportunity of examining a very young PA 
lus, related to P. Demonum, from Ohio, has shown me fl 
the reticulate frill in an early stage of growth exactly li 


the pileus, and gradually detaches itself at the base as 
pileus increases. 


DECADES OF FUNGI. 69 


Tab. I. fig. 7, a, section of young Clathrus cancellatus 
slightly magnified; 5. portion of hymenium springing from 
one of the sides, highly magnified. 

66. Ileodictyon gracile, n. sp.; costis tenuoribus levibus. 
(Tab. II. fig. 8).— Drumm. n. 177. 

On the ground. 

Volva globose, showing, as in Clathrus, probably from in- 
ternal partitions, traces of the reticulations, splitting into 
about four lobes, furnished at the base with a few fibrous 
roots; about 14 inch in diameter; network far exceeding the 
volva; meshes obscurely hexagonal; ribs 4-1 line broad, flat, 
smooth, white, entirely covered internally by the hymenium ; 
spores minute, oblong, elliptic, larger than in Clathrus pusillus, 
with a linear nucleus. 

The genus Z/eodictyon is distinguished from Clathrus prin- 
cipally by the tubular not cellular ribs, and certain differences 
in the volva, which are not evident in the dried specimens 
before me. The Swan River species is much less, and the 
ribs scarcely more than one-fourth as thick as those of the 
New Zealand species, nor are they crisped and wrinkled. 
The size of the meshes varies. Messrs. Tulasnes have made 
a beautiful analysis from specimens in spirits of the edible 
Species, which will I hope soon be published. I do not know 
that this Species is eaten by the natives. 

Tab. IL f. 8. Ileodictyon gracile; nat. size. 

67. Phallus curtus, n. sp.; capitulo adnato cum stipite 
me subæquali volvam oblongam vix excedente.— Drumm. 
n. 178, T 

On the ground. 

Volva oblong, furnished with a few fibrous roots at the 
235€ bursting by two or three irregular lobes; stem 3 of an 
inch high, with a little membranous cup atits base. Head $ of 
an inch high, oblong, rising scarcely i an inch above the 
volva, smooth, not reticulated. Spores minute, oblong-elliptic. 
Extremely feetid. 5 Rene 

ied apparently to PAallus caninus. 

* Stilbum erythrocephalum, Ditm. 

On dung. | 


70 DECADES_OF FUNGI. 


* Excipula strigosa, Fr. Drumm. n. 215. 

* Trichoderma viride, P.—Drumm. n. 212 (in part). : 

* Sepedonium chrysospermum, Lk.—Drumm. n. 225 (in | 
part. 4 
68. Mystrosporium pulchrum, Berk. and Corda. Effusum | 
olivaceum ; floccis albis rugosis furcatis trifidisque ; aliis | 
tenuioribus fertilibus ; sporis oblongis è lobis globosis efilatis, E. 
scabriusculis. (Tab. II. f. 9).— Drumm. n. 270. + 

On rotten wood, accompanying Merulius lacrymans. aA 

Forming olive patches, about an inch broad. Flocci of two 
kinds; some irregularly branched, forked or trifid, often 
paler, irregular, and ending in two or three little tubercles, 
others finer, sparingly branched, sometimes septate, giving € off 
short erect threads, which bear the spores. Spores compo 
consisting of a number of globose slightly-scabrous lobes 
In an early stage of growth, they consist of a single row of 
cells, which gradually becomes double; ultimately, the. cells 
swell out and become globose. It does not appear that the 
lobes separate, as the old decayed spores are to be found 
amongst the flocci. 

The habit of this plant is exactly that of Helico snm 
vegetum. 

Tab. II. f. 9. Mystrosporium pulchrum, magnified ; a. spores 
highly magnified. 

Amongst the spores of the plant occur others, predi 
like those of Helicoma, Corda, but without any flocci belong- 
ing to them. Itis possible that they are more nearly of tht 
nature of Helicosporium, and are parasitic on the threads 
of the Mystrosporium. J have not, however, sufficient data to 
determine this point. 

* Fusarium lateritium, Nees.—Drumm. n. 192. (in part 

* Antennaria scoriadea, Berk. in Bot. of Ant. Voy. in 
Drumm. n. 192 (in part). 

On branches of shrubs, with F. lateritium. 

A description of this will shortly be given from good § 
cimens, in the Botany of the Antarctic Voyage. he Swan 


River specimens are very imperfect. 


2r 


DECADES OF FUNGI. 71 


69. Peziza Drummondii. n. sp.; media, cupulæformis ses- 
silis, subtus costis validis terram intrantibus suffulta, spa- 
dicea; hymenio brunneo. (Tab. II. f. 10).— Drumm. n. 183. 

On the ground. 

Cup 1 of an inch broad, sessile, bright brown, farinaceous, 
supported beneath by strong compressed ribs, which pene- 
trate into the soil, and when dry are exceedingly hard and 
almost horny. Hymenium brown. Asci linear elongated 
slightly attenuated below; spores elliptic. 

Tab. II. f£. 10. Ascus of P. Drummondii, with sporidia ; 
highly magnified. 

A very pretty species, allied to Pez. Acetabulum. A spe- 
cies on wood, marked n. 210, was found. by Mr. Drummond, 
allied to P. cochleata, and possibly a form of it. 

* P. melaloma, A. and S.—Drumm. n. 189. 


On burnt earth and charcoal. 
* P. rutilans, Fr.— Drumm. n. 190. 
On the ground. 


There is also another Peziza, n. 186; apparently P. appla- 
nata, Fr. 

* Peziza scutellata, L. 

* Aseobolus furfucaceus, P. 

On cow dung, with another very minute species, which 1 
cannot determine. 

* Spheeria punctata, Sow.— Drumm. n. 187. 

On horsedung. 3 

The disk in the Swan River specimens is reddish, and the 
perithecia more prominent than usual, but there is no specific 
difference, 

* S. rubricosa, Fr. El. 2, p. 63.— Drumm. n. 201. 

On dead wood. 

As the specimens grew on dead wood, they are more freely 
developed than those which I possess on bark from Guiana. 
The wood is tinged of a pale lilac; there is a cottony lilac- 
mycelium, and the stroma is flat. In old specimens the — 
ostiola are much elongated, and project beyond the stroma, 


There is no difference in the asci or sporidia. 5 ee c E 


72 DECADES OF FUNGI. 


* S. multiformis, Fr. | 

70. S. (Lignosæ) capnodes, n. sp.; effusa interrupta appla- : 
nata levis fuliginea intus nigra, ostiolis punctiformibus pro- | 
minulis; peritheciis immersis oblongis; sporidiis ellipticis: 
fuscis.— Drumm. n. 218. 

On dead wood. 

Forming elongated, more or less interrupted, erumpent - 
patches, many inches long, plane, slightly raised, black, with | 
a smoky bloom; black within, brittle and carbonaceous, sut- : 
rounded by a portion of the elevated wood; perithecia 
crowded, immersed, oblong; ostiola minute papillaform 5 : 
sporidia elliptic, dark brown; wood marked within ue 
deeply-penetrating black line. : 

Resembling in habit Spheria stigma, but differing in ita 
dark stroma, smoke-like bloom, and above all, in its elliptic, f 
brown, not curved, and pellucid sporidia. The whole plant 
looks exactly as if it had been smoked over a candle. à 


A very curious new genus was sent by Mr. Dora 
amongst the Fungi, allied to Collema, but with the outward | 
habit, and in some respects the structure, of a Dothidea. Ont 
species is identical with a plant gathered by Dr. Monta 
many years since, without fructification, in the department of | 
the Eastern Pyrenees, on the white mulberry, and has 
been found in Algiers on the Lentiscus; the other species has 
at present been found at the Swan River only. 


Myrianaium, Mont. et Berk. 


Thallus pulvinatus, cartilagineus madore turgescens ing 
quabilis tuberculatus intus'pallescens. Apothecia tubercu 
formia primo clausa, tandem aperta plana immarginata. 1^ 
lamium (lamina proligera) crassum fuscum multilocul 
singulo loculo ascum unicum fovente, tandem fati 
pulverulentum. Sporidia oblongo-cylindrica octona, 


DECADES OF FUNGI. 73 


annulata, annulis interdum quadrate cellulosis, pellucida, 
ascis sphæricis inclusa. 

l. Myriangium Duriei, Mont. and Berk. majus, hæmi- 
sphericum, subnitidum. 

Has. In Pyr. Or. (Montagne), ad corticem Mori albi. Len- 
fisci in Algerià (Durieu); in Australia in Prov. dictá Swan 
River (Drummond). 

2. Myriangium Montagnei, Berk. minus, irregulare, atro- 
purpureum, subtiliter tomentosum. Drumm. n. 262. 

Has. Ad corticem in Australia in Prov. dicta Swan River. 
Drummond. 

The second species resembles extremely Dothidea exami- 
nans, Berk. and Mont.; but not only are the sporidia quite 
different, the cells containing a single ascus only, but the whole 
structure of the plant is that of Collemacee. 

The genus bears a certain external resemblance to Tym- 
panis, without, however, the least affinity. It is more nearly 
allied to Arthonia, but differs from it in the structure of 
` the thallus and nucleus. It is again allied to Paulia, Fée 
(Linn. vol. x. tab. 4), but the fructification is different ; and 
also to Omphalidium, Mey. and Flotw., in which the asci and 
Sporidia have a very dissimilar form, and the structure of the 
thallus is quite unlike. Complete figures will shortly be 
published by Dr. Montagne. 


Description of a New Genus of Papaveraces, detected by 
the late Dn. Counter, in California; by W. H. Harvey, 
M.D., M.R.S.A,, &c. 


With a Plate.—(TA». III.) 

In the collection brought by the late lamented Dr. Coulter 
from California, I was immediately struck by the singularity 
of a fine Papaveraceous plant, which I soon ascertained to be 
distinct from any hitherto recorded from that country; and 
à closer examination and conference with Sir W.J. Hooker, 


Proved it to belong to a new and curious genus, closely allied 
VOL, Iv, + 


74 DESCRIPTION OF A 


indeed to Papaver, but differing in its calyx, the form of its 
capsule, and the disposition of the stigmata. Had there 
been no genus Coulteria, it is to this that I should have 
affixed the name of Dr. Coulter; but De Candolle hav- 
ing in this matter long anticipated me, I desire, as the 
next greatest respect that I can pay to Dr. Coulter's memory, — 
to bestow upon this fine plant of his discovery, the name of - 
his most distinguished and one of his most intimate friends. - 
I therefore propose to inscribe it to the Rev. Dr. T. RoMNEY 
Rosinson, the Astronomer of Armagh; not that I have the 
vanity to suppose that my doing so can add any ray to the - 
name of Romney Robinson, a name already caught up among - 
the stars; but simply to indulge the wish, above expressed, of - 
honouring Dr. Coulters memory through his friend, and - 
thus linking the names of Coulter and Romney Robinson as - 
closely in the annals of science as their friendship was 
strong and indissoluble. I regret that an elder Robinsonia* - 
prevents me from making use of Dr. Robinson’s family 
name ; but in calling the present genus RouxEvA, I folles E 
a wathubentt established precedent. E. 
The following are its characters : 


— ce 


ceis, hinc in alA Cina dor expansis, caducis. Ee 
petala sex, biseriata, hypogyna, obovata, decidua. Stamina. : 
plurima, hypogyna: filamenta filiformia: anthere te 
nales, lineares, biloculares, loculis latere longitudinaliter 
dehiscentibus. Ovarium ovatum (setis rigidis densissime - 
vestitum), uniloculare v. spurie pluriloculare. Ovula juxta. 2 
placentas intervalvulares 6-12 septiformes et semi-septi-- : 
formes, plurima, anatropa. Stigmata subulata, carnos® 
ad ovarii apicem subattenuatum erecta v. erecto-patentia. 
placentis opposita. Capsula (immatura) ovata, ad apicen 
angustata (densissime setosa). Semina. «s.» «s» ?— Herba 
elata, Californica, glabra, glauca. Folia petiolata, t y 


* In honour of Robinson Crusoe, of Juan Fernandez celebri jh (vii 
country this plant is a native. 


NEW GENUS OF PAPAVERACEZÆ. 75 


vel pinnalifida. Flores magni, albi, speciosi, ramos ter- 
minantes. 

Romneya Coulteri. Harv. 

In Californiá boreali legit 7. Coulter, 1832. 

Herba elata (perennis? basi suffruticosa?). Caulis ra- 
mosus, flexuosus, obsoletè anguloso-compressus, glaucus, 
levis, vel apice parcissimè et minute setiger, glaber. Folia 
petiolata, glabra, glauca, margine setoso-ciliata; infima pin- 
natifida, trijugatim laciniata, laciniis inferioribus lineari-lan- 
ceolatis, superioribus deltoideis, lobo terminali ovato, laciniis 
omnibus apice callosis; superiora plerumque triloba, lobis 
lateralibus lanceolatis, minoribus, apice callosis, terminali 
magno ovato, integro v. apice trifido et iterum, calloso; summa 
nune trifida, nunc lanceolata: omnia patentia, sparsa, et sub- 
distantia, . Petiolus folio quadruplo brevior, semiteres, mar- 
ginatus, parcissimé setoso-ciliatus, sensim in folium ampliatus. 
Flores ad apices ramorum corymbosorum solitarii, magni. 
Bracteæ propric nulle, spurie (vel folia summa minuta) 
sparse. Calyx triphyllus, glaber, caducus: sepala vix un- 
ciam longa, æstivatione imbricata, concava, dorso obtusa, 
apice mucrone rigido recurvo acuto, coriacea, ovata, ad 
unum latus apicem versus alá magná, membranacea, venosá, 
pellucidá, Obliquà aucta. Petala sex, biseriata, alba, 21 n 
cias longa, latè obovata, decidua, tenue membranacea, basi 
crassiora. Stamina numerosissima, in seriebus plurimis juxta 
torum pulviniformem hypogyné inserta; filamenta tenuia 
filiformia, exteriora breviora apice obtusa cum mucrone ; 
anthere lineares, subspiraliter torte, obtuse filamentorum 
mucronibus affixes, Ovarium vere ovatum, v. ovato-oblong — 
apice angustatum, uniloculare, v. spuriè 6-12-loculare, setis 
rigidissimis crassis aureis densissime vestitum. Placente 
stigmatibus oppositæ, alteræ semiseptiformes, alteræ in septa 
Spuria completa converse.  Ovula numerosa. Stigmata 
6-12, carnosa, crassa, triquetra, subulata, ad basin tantum 
coalita, erecta v. suberecta, nec stellatim patentia. Cap sula 
(immatura tantum visa) ovata apice angustata, setis rigidi: 
aurets erectis imbricatis vestita. TE. 


G2 


76 CHARACTERS OF 


Tas.Ill. Romneya Coulteri.—Fig. 1. Sepal. f.2. Stamen. 
f. 3. Transverse section of immature fruit: magnified. : 
Dec. 12, 1844. 


Characters of two New Genera of CRUCIFERÆ, discovered by : 
the late Dg. Courter, in California.—By W. H. HARVEY, 5 
M.D., M.R.S.A., &c. : 


With Plates—(Tass. IV. and V.) 
Lyrocarpa. Hook. et Harv. 
Calyx cylindricus, clausus, tetraphyllus, foliolis linearibus, 
duobus lateralibus basi gibbis. Petala 4,hypogyna, ungui- - 
culata, unguibus latis, spathulatis, membranaceis, laminis - 
angustissimis a latere involutis. Stamina 6, tetradynama, — 
libera, edentula. Ovarium obovatum, stigmatibus duobus - 
patentibus coronatum. Stylus nullus. Silicula a latere - 
compressa, panduriformis, apice biloba, bivalvis, valvis 
compressis dorso acutis, nec alatis. Semina in loculis 6-8, 
biseriata, pendula, marginata. Embryonis ex albuminosi 
cotyledones radicule accumbentes. Testa e cellulis mag- 
nis hyalinis formata.—Herba Californica, perennis, ramosa, 
viz suffruticosa, pilis minutis stellatis in omnibus partibus. 
vestita. Folia sparsa, runcinata. Flores tristes, in racemis - 
terminalibus, laxis, simplicibus, ebracteatis dispositi. 
Lyrocarpa Coulteri. Hook. et Harv. (Tas. 1v.) 
In California legit T. Coulter, 1832. (No. 40). 38 
Caulis (vix notus) pedalis? vel bipedalis? ramosus, bas! 
suffruticosus? Rami erecto-patentes multanguli, striati, 
dense stellato-pubescentes, demum subglabrati. Folia spars 
molliter stellato-pubescentia, cinerascentia, petiolata, run- 
cinato-pinnatifida, lobis calloso-mucronatis, terminali major» 
sinubus obtusissimis, latis. Petiolus linearis, semitere* 
folio quadruplo brevior. Racemi terminales, laxi, demu 
elongati. Pedicelli calyce parum breviores, florigeri erect 
fructiferi horizontales. Flores, ut videtur colore iis M: 
thiolæ éristis consimiles. Calyx angusto-linearis, cyli 


TWO NEW GENERA OF CRUCIFERÆ. 77 


v. a latere compressus, stellato-pilosus; sepalis lateralibus 
convexis basi saccatis, antico posticoque planis, angustioribus, 
basi simplicibus. Petala unguibus latis, spathulatis, mem- 
branaceis, uninerviis, calycem excedentibus, laminis angustis 
elongatis, lanceolatis, acutis, siccitate sæpe a latere involutis, 
spiraliter tortis. Stamina tetradynama, ovario multo lon- 
giora. Ovarium parvum, obovatum, densé stellato-pilosum, 
stigmatibus valde hirsutis divergentibus coronatum. Sili- 
cula 4-3 unciam, oblonga, panduriformis, a latere valde 
compressa, basi rotundata, apice biloba, lobis patentibus ob- 
tusis, juxta margines laterales constricta? Semina testá 
hyalinà e cellulis magnis conflata, plano-compressa, margine 
subalata, in loculis 6-8, biseriata. 

This genus is sufficiently characterized by the remarkable 
fiddle-shaped silicule and the singular petals. The specimens 
consist of branches broken off within a few inches of the 
apex; and it is impossible to judge from them what may be 
the proximate size or the habit of the plant. 

Tas. IV. Lyrocarpa Coulteri, with flowers and fruit. Fig. 1. 
Flower. f. 2. Petal. f. 3. Stamens and pistil. f. 4. Fruit, 
scarcely mature, from which the valves are removed. f. 5. 
Seed. J. 6. Transverse section of ditto; more or less mag- 


nified, 


Drrayeea. Harv. 

Calyx cylindricus, clausus, tetraphyllus, foliolis linearibus, 
simplicibus. Petala 4, lineari-spathulata, basi ampliata. 
Stamina 6, tetradynama, libera, edentula. Stylus brevis- 
simus; stigma bilobum. Silicula sessilis, biscutata, basi 
€t apice emarginata, valde a latere compressa, margine 
Incrassata. Semina in loculis solitaria, compressa, immar- 
ginata, horizontalia. Embryonis albuminosi cotyledones 
plane oblongæ radicule descendenti septum spectanti ac- 
cumbentes, — Herba Californica, stellato-pubescens ; foliis 
”epandis; floribus luteis (?) in racemis terminalibus simplicibus 
s itis, pedicellis basi biglandulosis. + 

Dith ea Californica. Harv. (Tas. V.) 

In California legit 7. Coulter (N. 37.) 


78 CHARACTERS OF CRUCIFER&. 


Exemplaria manca. Caulis herbaceus, teres, adscendens? v. 
erectus, pilis minutis stellatis sparsim coopertus. Folia pe- — 
tiolata, basi cuneato-angustata, ovata v. oblonga, obtusa, mar- 
gine subintegerrimo v. repando-dentato, dentibus obtusissi- - 
mis obsoletis utroque latere duobus v. tribus. Racemi - 
terminales, densi, ebracteati, simplices, multiflori. Pedicelli 
patentes, ealyce breviores, basi glandulis duabus instructi. 
Flores parvi, ut videturaurei. Calyx dense stellato-tomentosus, 
subcanescens, cylindricus, clausus, e foliolis quatuor lineari- 
bus obtusis subaequalibus conflatus, Petala 4, lineari-spa- - 
thulata, obtusa, medio vix angustata, ungue cum lamina con- | 
fluente, basi ampliata, subcordata, membranacea. Stamin& 
6, tetradynama ; filamenta tenuissima, ovario multuplo lon- 
giora. Stylus brevissimus, stigmate magno bilobo terminatus. | 
Silicula biscutata, basi et apice emarginata, sessilis margine 
incrassato, densé ciliato, disco compressissimo parcé hispido: 
Semen in utroque loculo unicum, compressum, immarginatum, 
horizontale. Radicula descendens! septi basin spectans, 
accumbens. 
This genus scarcely differs from Biscutella, with which 
it might perhaps, without much violence, be united. Itis 
distinguished by the erect sepals, forming a close calyx, the 
absence of claws to the petals (which in Biscutella are often 
very short) and the minute style. These, I confess, are buf 
trivial characters. From Cremolobus, to which genus We 
might expect a Californian plant would have more affinity; 
it differs by the far more important character of the direction. 
of the radicle, and by the sessile silicule. On the whole, l 
have thought it best, taking into consideration the geogr 
phical position of Biscutella, to assign to the North America" 
plant a distinct place in the system, though possibly a pro 
visional one. The generic name is compounded of às 
Ovpeos, and is therefore nearly synonymous with Biscutella. 
Tas. V. Dithyrea Californica, with flowers and fru 
Fig. 1. Flower. f.2.Petal f. 3. Stamens and pistil. F 
Fruit. f. 5. Seed. f. 6, Embryo.—magnified. — E 


Dec. 13, 1814. 


HEPATICÆ ANTARCTIC. 79 


Hepatica ANTARCTICA, SUPPLEMENTUM : or Specific Cha- 
racters, with brief descriptions, of some additional species of 
the Hepatice of the Antarctic Regions, New Zealand and 
Tasmania, together with a few from the Atlantic Islands and 
New Holland; by J. D. Hooker, M.D. R.N., & Tros. 
Tayor, M.D. 


(Continued from Vol. III. p. 582.) 
(Plagiochila, Nees.) 


1. Jungermannia conneza, n. sp.; caule subcæspitoso, surculis 
erectis compressis apice incrassatis incurvisque, foliis arcte 
imbricatis erectis oppositis basi subconnexis apice subre- 
curvis orbiculatis supremis subdenticulatis cæterum inte- 
gerrimis, perigoniis terminalibus oblongis spicatis. 

Has. New Zealand. (A. Cunningham.) 

Tufts loose, yellowish-olive. Stems scarcely one inch 
high; shoots simple, consisting of leaves in a rapidly in- 
creasing series, nodding or incurved at the top; margins 
of the leaves subreflexed at their summits, slightly joined at 
their bases. Perigonial shoots nearly equalling in breadth 
the barren. No calyx observed. The present can be con- 
founded only with Plagiochila Brauniana, Lind. The leaves 
are more closely imbricated, the shoots are wider and the 
perigonia more considerable. i 
2. J. anisodonta, n. sp.; caule cæspitoso erecto subsim mils 

foliis distantibus erecto-patentibus oblongis arcuatis de- 

flexis ineequaliter emarginato-bifidis segmento inferiori 
apice dentato superiori decurrente margine recurvo. 

Hag. St. Helena. 


80 HEPATICA ANTARCTIC. 


securifolia, Lind., by the more distant and longer leaves, - 

which are decidedly emarginate, with acute segments. 

3. J. campylodonta, n. sp.; caule laxe cæspitoso erecto sub- - 
simplici, foliis distantibus erectiusculis obovato-rotundatis 
inæqualiter emarginato-bidentatis segmentis subincurvis 
acuminatis ceterum integerrimis margine superiori vix 
decurrente. 

Has. St. Helena. 

Tufts loose, dark brown, the younger olive-coloured. Stems 
scarcely 1 inch high, very sparingly branched. Leaves from - 
a narrow base rotundato-quadrate, divided by an oblique : 
sinus into two unequal spines, of which the anterior is much 
the larger, the segments pointing to one another. À 

This is very like our Jung. anisodonta, from the same . 
island. The leaves are shorter, wider above, by no means … 
decurved, while their superior margin is scarcely decurrdig : 
and less recurved. x 


(Jungermannia, Nees.) 


4. J. obtusata, n. sp.; caule laxe cæspitoso erecto subramos? - 
apice subincurvo, foliis imbricatis erectiusculis secundis - 
deflexis tumidis oblongo-rotundatis emarginatis segmentis _ 
inæqualibus incurvis obtusiusculis integerrimis. ` : 

Has. St. Helena. E 
Tufts loose, wide, purplish-red. Stems slender, about! | 

inch high, sparingly branched; branches upright. Leaves - 

closely imbricated, tumid, all pointing to one side, their tops. 
deflexed, their bases amplexicaul. Very nearly related to 

Jung. schismoides, Mont.; but our plantis smaller, and its 

leaves are less imbricated, more obtuse, quite entire, viet 

their segments obtuse. 

5. J. obvoluta, n. sp.; caule cæspitoso adscendente vage 
ramoso, ramis erectiusculis, foliis imbricatis patentibus di- 
midiato-ovatis involutis margine undulatis emarginatis hic 
ilic dentatis subdecurrentibus, stipulis majoribus rotum" 
dato-ovatis concavis emarginatis utrinque unidentatis. - 


HEPATICÆ ANTARCTICA. 81 


Has. Falkland Islands. 

Dusky pale-olive. Leaves involute along the upper part 
ofthe stem. Stipules with a very shallow notch. Allied to 
our Jung. otiphylla, (vid. vol. 3, p. 466) whose leaves and sti- 
pules, however, are entire. 

6. J. biapiculata, n. sp.; caule adscendente subsimplici apice 
incurvo subcæspitoso, folis imbricatis patenti-deflexis 
secundis concavis e basi lata laxe amplexanti oblon- 

- gis bifidis segmentis lanceolatis apiculatis integerrimis, 
calyce terminali oblongo-ovato plicato apice coarctato mul- 
tifido ciliato-denticulato. 

Has. Ascension Island. 

Stems loosely cæspitose, rising erect among mosses, slightly 
curved above, pale olive-green, but the very young shoots 
sometimes dark green; branches few. Leaves nearly squar- 
rose, yet homomallous, suddenly apiculate, their cellules very 
minute, the bases of the leaves concave and loosely em- 
brace three fourths of the stem. Perichætial leaves erect, 
closely adpressed to the calyx. 

. Very closely allied to Jung. piligera, Nees, from Java, 

which has the segments of its leaves more unequal, their 

apiculus less considerable, while the cellules are still more 
minute, 
(Lophocolea, Nees.) 


ied. multipenna, n. sp.; caule procumbente implexo ramoso, 
folis distichis imbricatis patentibus obovatis margine 
antico gibbosis subemarginatis decurrentibus, stipulis bifi- 
dis segmentis lanceolatis basi hinc dentatis, calyce oblongo 
acutissime trigono ala superiori latissima ciliato-dentato.* 

Has. Lord Auckland's group. ; 
Tufts flattish, pale dusky brown. Stems about 1 inch 

long, irregularly branched. Leaves somewhat in the shape 
* By an accidental error, this character and description, which ought to 


have appeared under (J. Lophocolea) multipenna, vol. 111. p. 381, were 
replaced with a repetition of the character and description of J. intorti- 


82 HEPATICZ ANTARCTIC, 


of a bird's wing, that is, oblong with a shoulder in front, 
their outline towards the top very irregular; scarcely notched, 
an odd obtuse tooth is sometimes visible, each pair is decur- - 
rent to the same point of the stem. Stipules subquadrate. - 
Of the upper leaves, near to the calyx, the margin on one - 
side is often confluent or connate with the stipule.  Periche- 
tial leaves erect, dentate. | 

Our plant bears so strong a resemblance to Jungermannia — 
heterophylla, Schrad., that it is with some distrust now sepa- - 
rated, on account of the more rotundate figure of the leaves, - 
and their larger cells and because of the longer calyx — 
whose lips are more frequently and more deeply toothed, as — 
are the perichætial leaves. : 
8. J. inflexispina, n. sp.; caule cæspitoso adscendente flexuoso; - 

foliis laxis erecto-patentibus oblongis concavis emarginato- | 

bifidis segmentis lanceolatis acuminatis introflexis integer | 

rimis, stipulis lanceolatis bipartitis utrinque subuniden- : 

tatis. : 
Has. King George's Sound, (4. Cunningham.) 4 

Tufts dense, short, the older parts purplish-brown, n ; 
younger paler. Stems scarcely half an inch high, slender; - 
variously bent. Leaves with an amplexicaul base, concave - 
the summits bent in towards the stem, the margins of the - 
segments slightly recurved. Stipules scarcely wider than the — 
stems. The present may be known from our Jung. perpusilla — 
by the narrower leaves, with segments more deeply divided, - 
more acuminate and introflexed, and by the somewhat wider - 
stipules which have occasionally a tooth exteriorly on each - 
segment, near to the base. f 
9. J. humistrata, n. sp.; caule subimplexo ise EE 

ramoso, foliis subapproximatis complanatis patentibus - 

ovato-oblongis apice rotundatis emarginatis integerrimis :-- 

stipula ovata bipartita connatis, calyce terminali oblongo - 
triquetro bialato alis dentatis ore acutiusculo spinoso-den* - 


tato. 
Has. St. Helena. 


HEPATICÆ ANTARCTICA. 83 


Plants in straggling, prostrate, pale patches. Stems 
searcely 1 inch long, but slightly and irregularly branched. 
Leaves touching one another at their bases, rounded at their 
tops or with a very shallow indentation, nearly patent, the 
opposite pairs joined behind the stem by the ovato-lanceolate 
bifid stipule. Perichetium nearly as long as the calyx, its 
leaves upright, adpressed. Calyx acutely trigonal, having a 
considerable fissure down one side. The present may be 
distinguished from our Jung. reclinans by the far larger and 
less imbricated leaves, by the stipule being simply bifid, (not 
quadrifid) and by its connecting the leaves behind the 
stem. 

10. J. alternifolia, n. sp.; caule implexo procumbente vage 
ramoso, foliis laxis alternis patentibus planis triangulari- 
ovatis emarginatis decurrentibus segmentis spinoso-acumi- 
natis cæterum integerrimis, stipulis minutis quadripartitis 
segmentis setaceis, calyce terminali triangulari cylindraceo 
ore trilabiato ciliato. 

Has, New Zealand. 

Patches dark lurid-green, shoots nearly straight. Leaves 
with large cells, decurrent, so that the base of one passes the 
upper insertion of the one next below. Perichætial leaves 
about half the length of the calyx, erect, concave, subciliated. 
Capsule roundish-oblong. Related to our Jung. humifusa, 
(vol. 3, P. 472) ; the emargination of the leaves, however, 1s 

more deep, their segments longer, their bases more decur- 

Tent, and the segments of the stipules wider. 
It may be here noticed of our Jung. humifusa, that the 

calyces and perigonia have been observed, since the publica- 

tion of that species, on Kerguelen’s Land specimens. The 
former are oblong-ovate, trigonal, one of the angles alate, 
subdentate. The perigonia are ovato-lanceolate spikes, which 

Occur in the course of a shoot, each ventricose imbricating 

containing an anther. 


(Chiloscyphus, Nees.) Ev 
n. J. retusata, n. sp.; caule implexo procumbente subsim- 


84 HEPATICZ ANTARCTIC. 


plici rectiusculo, foliis patentibus planis oblongis obtusis 

retusisque integerrimis hinc stipule minute setaceo-bipar- 

titæ conjunctis. 

Has. New Zealand. 

Patches loose, pale yet dusky olive-green. Stems about . 
linch long. Leaves rather remote, broadly oblong, slightly 
notched, on one side united with the stipule, which is not 
broader than the stem. Allied to Ch. integrifolius, Gottsche; 
but the leaves are more distant, shorter and wider, the 
stipule more compounded and the colour of the plant 
darker. 

12. J. biciliata, n. sp.; caule procumbente subsimplici, foliis — 
complanatis imbricatis erecto-patentibus late ovatis rotun- - 
datis apice biciliatis, stipulis bipartitis segmentis lanceo- 
latis divaricatis subintegerrimis. 

Has. New Zealand. 

Patches wide, pale (sometimes dusky) olive green. Stem 
exceeding 1 inch in length, usually simple. Leaves more | 
curved anteriorly, having large cellules, ciliæ setaceous, - 
usually two, very rarely with the rudiments of a third. | 
Stipules large, their segments commonly entire, sometimes - 
with a cilia on one side. This differs from Chiloscyphus — 
Endlicherianus, Nees, by the greater size, the larger cel- - 
lules, the longer and fewer ciliæ and by the larger stipules - 
which are entire at their bases. p. 


(Lepidozea, Nees.) 


13. J. nemoides, n. sp.; caule tenuissimo implexo procum- - 
bente vage ramoso, ramis paucis brevibus patentibus, folis | 
subapproximatis erecto- patentibus stipulisque ex ovata . 
basi trispinosis spinis articulatis, fructu ventrali, foliis peri — 
chætialibus erectis imbricatis ovatis bifidis segmentis sub- — 
dentatis, calyce ovato-lanceolato hinc tumido ore pe di 
acuminato laciniato. = 

Has. St Helena. T1 
In dense pale green or brownish tufts, the parts scarcely — 

to be distinguished by the naked eye. Stems one quartet - 


HEPATICH ANTARCTICA. 85 


of an inch long. Leaves with patent bases, but erect points. 
Perichætium and calyx pale and large in proportion to the 
plant. 


(SENDTNERA, Endlicher.) 


14. J. leioclada, n. sp.; caule laxe cæspitoso erecto levi pin- 
nato, ramis decurvis attenuatis, foliis imbricatis convexis 
erecto-patentibus subrotundatis inæqualiter bilobis lobis 
obtusiusculis basi appendiculatis integerrimis stipulis, ob- 
longis emarginato-bifidis segmentis obtusis integerrimis 
basi appendiculatis. 

Haz. Ascension Island. 

Tufts brownish-black, loose. Stems scarcely 2 inches 
high, pinnate with alternate branches, smooth or destitute 
ofscales. Leaves loosely imbricated, the upper and more 
convex lobe broadly ovate, with a more remarkable linear 
spur or appendage at the base than that of the lower lobe. 
Stipules oblong, with rather an obtuse sinus, furnished with 
Spurs at their bases, of which one is usually longer than the 
other. From Jung. diclados, Weber, this species may be 
known by its smaller size, less imbricated leaves, by their 


obtuse segments and above all by the stems being destitute 
of scales, 


(Radula, Nees.) 


15. J. fulvifolia, n. sp.; caule dense implexo procumbente 
subpinnatim ramoso, foliis imbricatis patentibus integer- 
rimis lobo superiori rotundato concavo inferiori trapezoideo 
basi caulem versus gibboso erecto. 

Has. St. Helena, (Dr. Greville’s Herbarium.) 

Patches wide, flat, of several layers one over the other. 
Stems scarcely 1 inch long, subpinnate, branches distant, 
Patent. Leaves tawny-yellow, nearly round, the upper lobe 
Very fragile, so that on several shoots the inferior lobes alone 

left cause such to appear flagelliform. Structure of 
the leaves dense. The inferior lobe has an ovate exterior part 

Parallel to the stem and an interior rotundate process crossing 


86 HEPATICÆ ANTARCTICZ. 


the stem. It is difficult by characters to separate this from 
Jung. complanata, L. although it differs widely in habit. 
The present is smaller in all its parts, while the stem itself 
is thicker in proportion to the entire width of the shoots, the 
leaves are more round, the lower lobe, lying parallel with the — 
stem, is longer, and by a round process embraces the stem, 
the cells of theleaves are more minute. 
16. J. aneurismalis, n. sp.; caule exili implexo vage ramoso, 
ramis brevibus patentibus subsecundis tenuissimis, foliis 
laxis erecto patentibus rotundatis exterius subangulatis 
concavissimis integerrimis lobo inferiori basi tumido in- 
curvo apice recurvo adpresso angulato, perigoniis majori- 
bus oblongo-lanceolatis spicatis apice proliferis. 
Has. Tasmania. On Metzgeria furcata, L. . E 
Creeping, scattered, pale olive-brown. Stems arcs 
half an inch long, branches very slender, their leaves minute: 
Leaves cup-shaped, with an obtuse angle at the point most 
distant from the stem. The lobule has a tumid base, whilst 
its top lies flat on the inner part of the leaf and has a single 
angle pointing outwards. ‘The perigonia occur in the course - 
of the shoots, and are remarkably long and large in propor- - 
tion to the size of the stems. The present is the minutest 
of the Radule of Nees yet observed, and is readily distin- - 
guished by its peculiar perigonia. 


(Frullania, Nees.) 


17. J. cranialis, n. sp; caule implexo procumbente subpin- 
natim ramoso, foliis laxe imbricatis patentibus rotundatis 
concavis integerrimis lobo inferiori galeiformi, stipulis : 
ovatis bifidis utrinque extus unidentatis. e 

Has. King George's Sound, (Cunningham.) 2 
Patches brownish-olive. Stems nearly two inches long, 

branches erecto-patent. Leaves, except at the summit, ap- 

proximated, but scarcely imbricated, the upper lobe rounded, Z 

the lower large or nearly one third of the size of the upper 

skull-shaped. Allied to Frull. elongata, Lind. et Lehm., from - 
the Cape of Good Hope; which, however, has but. fot 


HEPATICZ ANTARCTICA, 87 


branches, and these nearly parallel to the stem, with the 

leaves apiculate. Again Frull. Atchafulage, Hampe, from 

Pennsylvania, is more minute in all its parts and has 

subacute leaves, 

18. J. rostrata, n. sp.; caule exiguo repente subpinnatim 
ramoso, foliis subapproximatis patentibus rotundatis sub- 
apiculatis integerrimis lobo inferiori oblongo interius lan- 
ceolato-appendiculato, stipulis minutis rotundatis, periche- 
tiis rotundato-oblongis, calyce ex angusta lineari basi 
obovato tubifero. 

Has. Lord Auckland's group. On Parmelia enteromorpha, 
Ach. 

Patches 1-2 inches wide, reddish-brown. Stems minute. 
The auricle is one third of the leaf in size. The diameter of 
the perigonia three or four times that of the full grown 
shoots. Perichetial leaves oblong, incurved, apiculate, the 
sides of their lesser lobes reflexed, as are those of the stipular 
leaf ; but the margins of all are entire; except that on the 
lesser lobe, and between it and the stipule, are one or two 
very short processes. Calyx twice as long as the periche- 
tium, The present greatly resembles Jung. lobulata, Hook. 
It differs by the minuter size, by the narrower base of its 
calyx, by the less decidedly triangular shape of the calyx, 
which too is wider above and by the acute and even apiculate 
leaves of the perichætium. 

19. J. fugaz, n. sp. caule procumbente pinnato gracillimo, 
folis erecto-patentibus rotundato-oblongis subimbricatis 
integerrimis convexis, lobo inferiori majori oblongo basi 
truncato, stipulis minutis rotundato-ovatis bifidis perichæ- 
tialibus hine unidentatis, calyce terminali ex angusta basi 
obovato obtuso  tricostato tubifero, perigoniis lateralibus 
oblongo-rotundatis. 

Han. New Zealand. On Parmelia reticulata, Tayl. 

Minute, reddish-purple, scattered or in loose patches. 
“ms scarcely exceeding one quarter of an inch. The 


auricles nearly as long as the leaves and about half as wide. 


88 HEPATICÆ ANTARCTIC. 


Perigonia short, twice as wide as the shoots. Stipules scarcely 
wider than the stems. 
20. J. squarrosula, n. sp.; caule procumbente subpinnatim — 
ramoso, folis imbricatis erecto-patentibus integerrimis 
rotundatis margine inferiori reflexo cellulis basilaribus ma- 
joribus lobo inferiori minuto lanceolato tumido apice deflexo, — 
stipulis rotundato-ovatis bifidis integerrimis, calyce ex an- 
gusta basi obovato triplicato, perigoniis lateralibus rotun- 
datis. 
Has. New Zealand. On Lichens. 4 
Patches loose, reddish-brown. Stems scarcely 1 inch 
long. Leaves with the edges frequently scariose and whitish. 
Calyx large in proportion to the diameter of the shoot, with 
two acute folds above and one ventricose below, half im- 
mersed in the perichetium. Allied to Frullania crassiuscula, | 
Tayl, from Demerara. It is, however, smaller, less green, 
and the auricles are far more slender, acuminate and deflexed. - 
21. J. clavata, n. sp.; caule procumbente vage subpinnatimve | 
ramoso, surculis apice incrassatis, foliis imbricatis patenti- - 
bus rotundato-oblongis convexis integerrimis lobo inferiori - 
majore galeiformi acuminato decurvo, stipulis rotundatis 
emarginato-bidentatis subdenticulatis, calyce subimmerso 
obovato biplicato tubifero, foliis perichætialibus margine - 
ventrali dentatis. EX 
Has. Tasmania, On Nephroma cellulosa, Ach. 
Scarcely one quarter of an inch long, pale green, sometimes | 
brownish-purple. Stipules large, their emargination shallow : 
and rounded. Auricles large, compared with the leaves. The - 
calyx, rising little out of the perichætium, is widest near the 
mouth, below which it is rather suddenly contracted. E i 
lateral perichætial leaves have, besides a segment correspond- 
ing to the auricle of the leaf, an inner one which is lanceolate 
and dentate. Allied to Frull. trinervis, L. et L., but this! is 
of a dark brown colour, has a more exserted iren ; 
calyx, the auricles are less acuminated, and the stipules more 
entire. 3 


HEPATICZ ANTARCTICA, 89 


22. J. monocera, n. sp.; caule implexo prostrato vage ramoso, 
foliis subimbricatis patentibus oblongo-ovatis rotundatis 
planis integerrimis lobo infertori galeiformi unispinoso 
deflexo, stipulis ovato-acuminatis bifidis dentatis, calyce 
terminali obcordato trigono angulis hirtis ore tubifero. 

Has. Van Diemen’s Land. Growing among patches of 
Jungermannie. 

Patch small, whitish-green. Stems nearly half an inch 
long, irregularly branched. Leaves loosely simbricated, 
patent, very thin, quite flat, elliptical; the lobulus helmet- 
shaped, with a single subreflexed horn or spine. Stipules 
wider than the stems.  Perichætium on a short branch, 
(nearly covering the calyx), the three pieces of which it is 
composed are united at their bases, dentate, erect, the lesser 
lobe lanceolate. Angles of the calyx with variously curved 
spines, which are sometimes confluent so as to form a wing. 
This species approaches nearest to the North American Frul- 
lania Atchafalage, Hampe. The leaves are whiter and more 
imbricated, the spine of the lobulus is longer and more de- 
curved, while the stipule is dentate. 


(Phragmicoma, Nees.) 


23. J. rotalis, n. sp.; caule implexo procumbente debili 
vage ramoso, foliis imbricatis patentibus concavis oblongo- 
rotundatis integerrimis lobo inferiori minuto involuto 
ovato, stipulis subimbricatis rotundatis integerrimis, calyce 
laterali obovato tumido basi inflato-costato ore minuto de- 
presso. PH 
Haz, St. Helena. 
. Creeping among Musci or Hepaticæ, pale olive. Stems 1 
inch long, variously branched. Leaves wide, their tops 
broadly rotundate, quite entire. Stipules four or five times 
as wide as the stems. Perigonia lateral, linear-oblong, spicate. _ 
i Perichetial leaves erect, the lesser lobe lanceolate, acute. - 
Pedicel exserted, as long as the calyx. Capsule pale yellow, 
split half-way down.. This has a strong affinity to Jung. | 
“pplanata, Nees, from Java; our plant, however, is more. 
VOL, 1v. H 


90 HEPATICÆ ANTARCTICÆ, 


minute, paler, has leaves less deflexed, while the stipules 

are nearly circular and not kidney-shaped as in the Javanese 

species. 

24. J. acutiloba, n. sp.; caule laxe implexo prostrato ramoso, 
ramis brevibus patentibus, foliis arcte imbricatis patenti- 
bus oblongo-rotundatis concavis integerrimis lobo in- 
feriori minute ovato subdentato involuto, stipulis majo- 
ribus imbricatis rotundatis  subemarginatis, foliorum 
perichetialium lobo inferiori acuminato, calyce oblongo- 
cordato. 

Has. St Helena. 

Patches closely adhering to bark, wide, blackish-green, 
the younger pale olive. Stem more than 1 inch long, irre- 
gularly branched. Leaves crowded, slightly deflexed ; the 
perichetial dentate, erect, the stipules emarginate. 

Allied to the European Jung. Mackaii, Hook. Its stems 
are thicker, the lower lobes more minute, the stipules far 
larger, while the lesser lobe of the lateral perichetial leaves 
is acuminate. | 
25. J. microscypha n. sp.; caule procumbente vage ramoso; 

ramis patentibus, foliis imbricatis patentibus rotundatis 
concavis integerrimis margine inferiori loboque minori 
oblongo involutis, stipulis majoribus oblato-rotundatis inte- 
gerrimis, perigoniis oblongis, calycibus in ramos brevissimos 
terminalibus oblongo-cordatis tumidis triquetris tubi- 
feris. 

Has. St Helena, with Parmelia leucomela, Ach. 
Stems straggling among Mosses; shoots pale olive, scarcely — 

half an inch long; branches few, leaves densely and minutely 

cellular. Perigonia twice the length of the full grown leaves. 

Calyx on a short perichætial branch and so appearing lateral, 

about as long as a full grown leaf, several may be seen on 

the same shoot in a close series. From Phragmicoma Mackat, 

Nees, this is readily distinguished by the smaller cells of the 

leaves, by the more concave leaves, by the greater length of 

the lesser lobe, by the larger stipules, and by the narrower, 
mere tumid and less exserted calyx. 


HEPATICA ANTARCTICA. 91 


(Lejeunia, Libert.) 


26. J. pterota, n. sp.; caule implexo prostrato vage ramoso, 
foliis approximatis patentibus ovato-oblongis apiculatis 
integerrimis lobo inferiori minuto oblongo involuto uni- 
dentato, stipulis rotundato-oblongis subimbricatis bifidis 
integerrimis, calyce demum laterali obovato alato tubi- 

: fero. 

Has. St. Helena. 

Patches one or two inches wide, dusky brown. Stems 
scarcely one inch long, weak, flexuose, with short, irregular 
branches. Leaves scarcely imbricated, obtuse yet with a 
minute apieulus. Stipules large, broadly elliptical, lying close 
on the stem. Calyces several on the same stem, obovate, 
with five considerable folds or wings. Perigonium a lateral, 
obtuse, oblong spike. The present is very like Lejeunia sor - 
dida, Nees, from Java, but may be recognised by the apicu- 
late leaves which are less imbricated, and by the longer and 
narrower stipules. 

27. J. Ascensionis, n. sp; caule arcte implexo prostrato 
ramoso, foliis imbricatis patenti-decurvis oblongis apice 
subrotundis apiculatis integerrimis lobo inferiori minuto 
oblongo involuto unidentato, stipulis rotundato-oblongis 
bifidis integerrimis. 

Has. Ascension Island. 

Patches three or four inches wide, pale brown. Stems an 
inch long, irregularly branched. Leaves somewhat imbri- 
cated. Cellules of the leaves rather large. Stipules broad 
as long. This closely resembles our J. pterota, and may be 
distinguished by the greater size, paler colour, by branch- 
ing principally towards the base of the stem, by the de- 
curved leaves, which too are not so regularly apiculate, and, 
above all, by the larger cells of the leaves. Calyces have 
not been observed on this species, yet they are frequent on 
the other. D 
?8. J. marginalis, n. sp.; caule exili prostrato vage ramoso, 

foliis laxis patentibus concavis ovato-acuminatis margine © 

H2 


92 : HEPATICÆ ANTARCFICÆ. 


inferiori reflexis integerrimis lobo inferiori ovali involuto, 

stipulis obcordatis minutis segmentis obtusis. 

Has. Cape Horn. On Spherophoron coralloides, Ach. 
Patches about one quarter of an inch wide, very pale. 

Branches erect. The tops of the leaves always acuminate, 

sometimes incurved. This differs from our Lejeunia latitans, 

(vol. 3, p. 399), by the greater size, by the less waved leaves 

being more patent, and by the obcordate stipules. 

29. J. plicatiloba, n. sp.; caule implexo procumbente vage 
ramoso, foliis laxis erecto-patentibus concavissimis rotun- 
dato-quadratis subtruncatis integerrimis, lobo inferiori 
subæquali basi tumido incurvo apice angulato adpresso, 
stipulis exiguis emarginato-bipartitis segmentis linearibus 
subincurvis. 

Has. Lord Auckland’s group. On Parmelia inestbuupmis, 
Ach. 

Patches minute, loose, pale. Stems scarcely one quarter 
of an inch long. Leaves distant, very much resembing in 
the position of their inferior lobes those of a Radula, Nees. 
Stipules very minute. "The shoot looks like two rows of the 
minutest alternate beads, between and along which the fine 
stem is scarcely perceptible. 

30. J. primordialis, n. sp. caule exili implexo vage ramoso, 
ramis subpatentibus, foliis laxis erectiusculis anguste ob- 
ovatis obtusissimis concavis integerrimis, lobo inferiori 
ovato involuto, stipulis minutissimis emarginato-bipartitis, 
segmentis linearibus obtusiusculis divaricatis. 

Has. Lord Auckland’s group. On Sticta flava, Tayl. 

In small, pale, olive green patches. Stems about one 
quarter of an inch long, branches often going off at right 

angles. Leaves distant, nearly erect, narrowly obovate ; the 
inferior lobe has a blunt tooth at the exterior part just where it 
begins to be inflected. The minuter size, more erect, nar-  — 

rower as well as more distant leaves, will readily distinguish P 

this species from small tufts of Lejeunia serpyllifolia, Dicks. — 

even in the absence of fructification, which has not hitherto 
been observed. 


TER ERE TUS NER n NR TFI PADS n TITTEN ERI IT PV eae US 


HEPATICA ANTARCTICA. 98 


(Diplolena, Nees.) 


31. J. procumbens, n. sp.; fronde implexa simplici lineari 
tenui subacuta uninervia margine integerrima mascula 
acuminata atque in serie conferta lineari antherifera. 

Has. St. Helena. 

Patches several inches wide, pale sap-green. Fronds about 


-one inch long, simple, yet sometimes appearing branched by 


a young shoot arising from the nerve below the frond. Male 
flowers aggregated in a linear series extending at each side 
of the nerve near the top of the frond, consisting of minute 
imbricated scales, under which sometimes the teguments of 
the anthers may be detected. Sometimes the frond increases 
by a new narrow shoot from the broader summit of the 
older. 'The simple fronds and the linear series of clustered 
male flowers may serve to distinguish the present from its 
congeners. 


(Pella, Raddi.) 


32. J. incisa, n. sp.; fronde cæspitosa carnosa atro-viridi 
plana enervia inciso-ramosa lobis pinnatis linearibus apice 
latiori bilobo integerrimo subdecurvo. 

Has. Lord Auckland's group. 

No fructification present, but analogy suggests the genus. 
Tufts quite black when dry, when moistened the younger 
Parts assume a dark olive-green colour.  Fronds nearly 
two inches long, lobes scarcely one tenth of an inch 
wide, all nearly in the same plane; pinnules very short 
and obtuse ; the substance carnose and tough. The 
bilobate termination of the fronds, with a dark point at 
the bottom of the sinus corresponding to the place of the 
receptacle of the fruit, induces us to prefer placing this specie: 
under Pellia, Raddi, than under Aneura, Nees. 


(Symphyogyna, Nees.) pc 
33. J. rhodina, n. sp. fronde minuta oblonga dichotoma | 


94 HEPATICÆ ANTARCTIC. 


tenerrima pellucida uninervia margine dentata calyptra- 

que lineari longissima rosaceis, capsula lineari-oblonga. 

Has. Van Diemen’s Land. (Dr. Lyail.) 

Fronds two or three lines long, much shorter than the 
calyptre. Involucral scales around the base of the calyptra 
four or five-toothed, setaceous above, erect. Capsule often 
emitting the seeds and spiral filaments from one lateral 
opening, but the pieces into which it dehisces are various in 
number and size, the top of the capsule remaining entire. 
There is no green colour in any part of the plant. 

34. J. convoluta, n. sp.; fronde tenui elongato-oblonga uni- 
nervia subdichotoma margine undulato-involuta ex frondis 
disco prolifera, fructu in frondis discum sessili, calyptra 
subulata apice pistillifera, perigoniis lineatim supra frondis 
nervum congestis squamis minutis acuminatis laciniatis. 

Has. Ascension Island. 

Patches some inches wide; fronds scarcely half an inch 
long, sparingly branched, their margins variously twisted, 
frequently involute. A new frond has been observed to rise 
with a narrow base from the disk of the old, from over the 
nerve and towards the apex. The frond, sometimes, sends 
out a linear process at the summit which radicates. The 
pedicellated oval anthers are free, (that is, not immersed) 
each covered by a perigonial scale pointing forwards. 


(Aneura, Nees.) 


35. J. multifida, L. var. B submersa; fronde tenui pellucida 
elongata lineari albido-virescente plana parce subramosa; 
ramis vagis brevibus, perigoniis marginalibus alternis bre- 
vissimis. 

Has. Cape Horn. In water. 

One to two inches long. Some stems quite simple, others 
sparingly branched, all with alternate, marginal perigonia« 
Structure of the frond of close longitudinal cells. No fruit 
has been observed. Our European species is more carnose, 
is pinnated and of a deeper green colour. 


HEPATICA ANTARCTIC. 95 


Var. y nana is far minuter, more branched, the mode of 
branching is intermediate between that of var. natans and of 
J. multifida, L. ; the cellules are shorter and wider. 

These two varieties may turn out to be distinct species 
when their fructification is known. 


(Fegatella, Cesalpinus.) 


36. J. limbata, n. sp.; fronde implexa prostrata lineari-ob- 
longa apice biloba margine elevata corrugata nigricante, 
receptaculis foemineis subrotundis subbilocularibus disco 
rugoso loculis incrassatis verticaliter fissis, pedunculis epi- 
phyllis. 

Has. Ascension Island. 

Fronds collected into flat patches several inches wide, 
canaliculate, sometimes bilobate at their tops, often simple 
with a very shallow sinus ; pale green when moistened; their 
surface beset with numerous pores in the form of whitish 
elevated points of the cuticle. Rootlets pale brown, along . 
the axis, exterior to which on each side isa row of imbri- 
cated, dark blood-red scales, which are semi-ovate with a 
linear appendage or apiculus; exterior again to these, the 
cuticle of the under-side of the frond is much wrinkled and 
of the same colour as the scales. The fruit, both male and 
female, is truly epiphyllous, sometimes two or three recep- 
tacles occur along the axis on the same plant. The indu- 
sium, which in the young state envelopes the receptacle and 
in maturity lies expanded beneath it, consists of several lan- 
ceolate, scariose, dark red scales with pale or colourless 
Summits. The female receptacle is sometimes sessile, some- 
times pedunculated, it is roundish and has a wrinkled carnose 
disk above ; the loculi are usually two, with thick valves that 
appear marginate at the vertical opening. The male recep- 
tacle has an indusium similar to that of the female. The 
disk of the male receptacle is nearly round, carnose, imbedded. 
in the frond; it has above from eight to ten hemispherical - 
elevations, beneath each of which is a conical cavity reaching - 
down through the entire depth of the receptacle, in which 


96 HEPATICÆ ANTARCTICA: 


the anthers are respectively placed. Capsule sessile. Seeds 
angulato-rotund.  Elateres minute. 

Our Fegatella australis, (vol. 3, p. 572), from New Zealandi 
has likewise an epiphyllous inflorescence ; a circumstance 
which, in the absence of any other character, is searcely suf- - 
ficient to distinguish such species by placing them into a - 
new genus. It is very much to be doubted if the genera - 
Plagiochosma and Antrocephalus of Lehman’s Pugilli, or even. 2 
the Rebouillia of Raddi, are truly and naturally different from 
Fegatella. The present species may be known from our 
F. australis, by its more linear fronds, by the semiovate 
scales of the inferior surface and by the wider disk of the 
female receptacle. 


Monoclea, Hook. 


37. Monoclea adglutinata, n. sp. ; fronde implexa lineari tes — 
nuissima dichotoma uninervia prostrata lobis integerrimis, - 
calyce elongato lineari apice  bilabiato, capsula apt 
apiculata integra. m 

Has. St. Helena. On treeson Diana's Peak, at an dati 
of 2000 feet. : 
Patches minute, scattered, dark green. Fronds we = 

one quarter of an inch long, narrow, repeatedly dichotomous, 

most minutely cellular, very thin, adhering closely to the - 
subjacent bark, the ultimate lobes have a shallow sinus at - 
their extremities. Male receptacles semi-globular pale brown — 
elevations, irregularly opening at their tops. Capsule linear. - 

Seeds greenish, angulato-rotundate, mixed with spiral fila- - 

ments. The columella is an excessively fine thread. The : 

linear and repeatedly dichotomous one-nerved frond — d 

rates this species at once from its congeners. : 


Riccra, L. 


38, Riccia? cochleata, n. Sp; fronde laxe cæspitosa luteo: = 
olivacea adscendente apice procumbente lineari-oblong? - 
concavissima utrinque subbiloba lobis conniventibus me : 
tundatis integerrimis subflexuosis. E 


FLORA OF BRAZIL. 97 


Has. Lord Auckland's group. 

Fronds scarcely half an inch long, about one tenth of an 
inch high. The concave frond, with entire connivent lobes, 
reminds one of Collema granulatum, Ach.; but, in the absence 
of buds and of any fructification, the structure of the 
frond seems to ally this species to Riccia; along the longi- 
tudinal axis the frond is thick, carnose and of a very spongy 
texture. 


Contributions towards a FLoRA of BRAZIL, being the distinc- 
tive Characters of a Century of New Species of Plants from 
the Orcan MounraiNs, by GEORGE GARDNER, Esa., 
F.L.S. Superintendent of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Ceylon. 


Continued from p. 355 of Vol. 1H. 


BixaAcEx. 
RALEIGHIA. Genus novum.* 


Cnan. Gen. Flores hermaphroditi. Calyx quadripartitus, 
persistens, laciniis æstivatione valvatis, oblongo-lanceolatis, 
acutis, trinerviis, extus pubescentibus. Corolla nulla. Sta- 
mina plurima, fundo calycis pluriseriatim inserta: filamenta 


* This remarkable plant is unlike Biracee (i. e., Flacourtianeæ or Prock- 
tiacee of Bennett Pl. Jav. Rar. p. 190), and so near in habit to Belangera, 
that I have carefully compared my specimens with the above description. 
It appears in all essential points to be accurate, except that Mr. Gardner 
had overlooked the interpetiolar foliaceous stipules, which had probably 
already fallen off in his specimen. The leaves are strictly opposite, and 
the petioles connected by a transverse prominent line, after the fall of the 
stipules; the racemes are usually terminated by a tuft of leaves, as in 
many Cunoniaceæ; the divisions of the calyx are slightly unequal and 
decidedly valvate in æstivation, and are united at the base in a short, 
broadly turbinate tube; there are no glands ; the staminal disk adheres 
to the calyx up to the base of the divisions ; the ovary is sessile, but per- 
fectly free and unilocular, with the ovules arranged in a double row along 
linear, nerviform, parietal placentæ, of which I have generally observed 
three, but I have also met with two only. My seeds are not quite ripe ; but, 
as in Cunoniacee, I find an outer integument, thick and somewhat coria- 
ceous, and an inner membranaceous one. Thus the whole of the charac- 
ters would place Raleighia among Cunoniacee, near Belangera ; excepting 


98 FLORA OF BRAZIL. 


filiformia, libera, æqualia : antheræ introrse, subglobose, bilo- 
culares, loculis longitudinaliter dehiscentibus. ^ Ovarium 
sessile, liberum, uniloculare. Ovula in placentis parietalibus 
tribus circiter viginti, anatropa. Stylus terminalis, cylin- 
dricus : stigma brevideime trilobum. Capsula stylo indurato 
superata, anbgtobess; adpresso-pilosa, unilocularis, trivalvis, 
valvis medio placentam nerviformem gerentibus. Semina 

3-6, subglobosa, angulata, epidermide membranacea, testa 

crustacea. Embryo in axi albuminis carnosi orthotropus; 

cotyledones breves, semiteretes; radicula tereti, brevissima, 
umbilico proxima.—Frutex in Brasilie montibus crescens, 

Weinmanniæ facie ; ramis dichotomis ; foliis oppositis (estipu- 

latis) petiolatis, oblongis, penninerviis, serratis ; racemis termi- — 

nalibus, elongatis, multifloris ; floribus parvis. 

5723.* R. Americana. 

Has. Organ Mountains, at an elevation of nearly 7,000 
feet above the level of the sea. FI. March. ; 
Frutex 3-4-pedalis, dichotomo-ramosus.  Ramuli teretes, - 

glabriusculi, vel apice pilosi, cicatricibus’ foliorum exasperatl, - 

vetuli cortice cinereo vestiti, novelli rubelli. Folia ad apices - 
ramulorum approximata, petiolata, opposita, 2-24-poll. longa, - 
8-10-lin. lata, oblonga vel oblongo-lanceolata, utrinque ‘atte- 
nuata, penninervia, serrata, serraturis incurvis obtusis, suprà 
viridia, glabra, nervo medio pilosiuscula, subtus pallidiora, 
nervosa, nervis prominentibus pilosis; petioli teretes, pilosi, 
6 lin. circiter longi. Racemi terminales, villosi, multiflori, | 


sub-4 poll. longi. Pedicelli villosi,* 2 lin. circiter longi. i 
Cetera ut in Char. Gen. " 


the placentation and the number of carpels ; but in other groups belonging 
to the same Order (or sub-class) of Sazifragace, there are genera with - 
more than two elementary carpels, one with incomplete dissepiments ; ; and 
even in Belangera, although the semi-dissepiments meet in the centre, they 
do not cohere, and the placentation is therefore, strictly speaking, 3 
I should, upon the whole, be disposed to consider Raleighia as forming + 
with Belangera a distinct sub-tribe of the tribe (or order) Cunoniacet.— ^ 
G. Bentham. ; 


*The numbers refer to my Seinen Catalogue of Brazilian Plants —G.6: | 


FLORA OF BRAZIL. 99 


The shrub on which I have established this genus, and 
heve named it in honour of Sir Walter Raleigh, the 
celebrated American voyager, has very much the habit of 
some species of Weinmannia; but in the structure of its 
flower and fruit it comes near to Prockia and Banara. It 
seems to be the only plant belonging to the Order which has 
opposite leaves. 


PoLYGALACEX. 


5679. Polygala revoluta; caulibus suffruticosis ramosis pu- 
bescentibus, foliis glabris brevissime petiolatis lineari- 
oblongis mucronatis margine revolutis, racemis termina. 
libus laxis paucifloris, sepalis exterioribus 3 inæqualibus 
acutis, interioribus ovato-rotundatis sub-5-nerviis, carine 
lobo medio cristato, petalis lateralibus basi concretis, cap- 
sula compresso-rotundata utrinque emarginata glabra. 

Has. Dry places, on the summit of the Organ Mountains. 
F1. March. 

Caules subbipedales, purpurascentes, in sicco striati, erecti. 

Folia alterna, 8-10 lin. longa, 1-14 lin. lata, subtus pallidiora. 

Caruncula semine piloso brevior. 


LINACEA. 


5682. Linum palustre; glabrum, caule suffruticoso ramoso, 
ramis oppositis angulatis, foliis oppositis v. ramulorum 
interdum alternis linearibus vel lineari-lanceolatis acutis, 
floribus terminalibus, sepalis ovatis acutisciliatis pellucido- 
punctatis, petalis flavis, stylis ad basin usque liberis, 
capsula globosa, valvulis dorso planis. 

Has. In moist grassy places, near the summit of the noe 
Mountains. FI. March. 

Suffrutex pedalis, adscendens, ramosissimus. Rami teretes, 
angulati. Folia sessilia, 2 lin. circiter longa, vix lineam lata. 
Capsula subglobosa, 5-valvis. Semen complanatum, fulvum, 
tenuissime punctulatum. 

Near L. junceum, St. Hil. from which it differs by having 
opposite leaves and branches. 


100 FLORA OF BRAZIL. 


5683. Linum Organense ; glabrum, caule suffruticoso ramoso, 
foliis oppositis brevissime petiolatis exacte ellipticis, flori- 
bus axillaribus terminalibusque, petalis flavis, stylis ad — 
basin usque liberis, stigmatibus capitatis, capsula ovata - 
obtusa, valyulis dorso planis. E 

Has.’ Dry bushy places, near the summit of the Organ | 
Mountains. FI. March. + 
Suffrutex adscendens, ramosissimus, glaber. Rami teretes, - 

striati. Folia 5-6 lin.longa, 3 lin. lata. Calycina foliola ovato- 

lanceolata, acuta, trinervia, glanduloso-ciliata. Petala 5 lin. - 
longa, integerrima. Stamina 5, basi monadelpha, pistillo | 
breviora. Capsula 5-valvis, valvulis bifidis. Semen com | 
planatum, fulvum, tenuissime punctulatum. - 


TERNSTRÔMIACEZÆ, 


5681. Ternstrômia cuneifolia; folis petiolatis coriaceis cu- 
neato-obovatis indistincte glanduloso-dentatis apice emar- — 
ginatis margine revolutis uninerviis supra nitidis subtus : 
punctato-scabriusculis, pedunculis axillaribus solitariis, | 
foliolis calycinis valde inæqualibus rotundatis margine 
glanduloso-ciliatis, petalis rotundatis integris. * 

Has. Open places on the Organ Mountains, at an elevation - 
of about 6,000 feet above the level of the sea. Fl. March. - 
Frutex 2-3-pedalis, ramosus. Rami teretes, cortice cinereo - 

vestiti. Folia 12-16 lin. longa, 6 lin. lata. Petioli 34 lin. - 

longi. Pedunculi folio breviores. Petala alba. x 
Near T. carnosa, St. Hil. but differing in the EE 

leaves and ciliated calycine segments. 


MELASTOMACE. 


5709. Davya excelsa; arborea, glaberrima, ramis teretibus 
ramulis compressis, foliis petiolatis oblongo-lanceolatis 1 
acuminatis basicuneatis grosse serrato-dentatis 3-nervilsy | 
pedunculis axillaribus terminalibusque compressis trifloris; 
calycis tubo campanulato, limbo integro membranaceo extus 


infra marginem 5-dentato, antheris calcare bifido in stam. 
5 in aliis capitato-bilobo. | 


FLORA OF BRAZIL. 101 


Han. In virgin forests on the Organ Mountains, at an ele- 
vation of between 3,000 and 4,000 feet above the level of 
the sea. Fl. March. 

Arbor 50-60-pedalis. Folia 4-44 poll. longa, 12-16 lin. 
lata. Calyx tubo campanulato, dentibus 5 in limbum 
integrum submembranaceum concretis. Petala 5, rosea, late 
oblonga, pollicaria et ultra. Stamina 10, inæqualia. Antheræ 
inter se æquales, lineares, falcatæ, uniporosæ, connectivo in 
calcar elongatum producto, in staminibus longioribus bifido, in 
alis bilobo-capitato. Ovarium liberum, globosum, apice 
glabrum, depressum. Stylus filiformis. Capsula 5-locularis. 
5707. Clidemia alpestris; ramulis compressis, petiolis pani- 

culis foliisque junioribus pube stellata decidua albido- 
lepidotis, foliis cujusque jugi plerumque inæqualibus longe 
petiolatis ovatis acuminatis basi cordatis 7-nerviis utrinque 
scabriusculis integerrimis margine petiolisque rufo-pilosis, 
paniculis terminalibus pilosis folio brevioribus, calyce cam- 
panulato piloso 5-dentato, dentibus brevibus obtusis. 

Has. Organ Mountains, atan elevation of about 6,000 feet. 
FI. March. 

Frutex 8-pedalis. Folia 4-5 poll. longa, 11-2 poll. lata. 
Petioli 12-15 lin. longi. Petala oblongo-lanceolata, acuta, 
alba. Styli filiformes, 4 lin. longi. 


Myrrace. 


5716. Myrcia buwifolia ; fruticosa, ramulis dense foliosis, pe- 
dunculis axillaribus 3-floris folia equantibus, foliis ellipticis 
vel elliptico-ovatis obtusis margine revolutis glabris vel 
junioribus ramulis pedunculisque albo-tomentosis, floribus 
sessilibus, calyce dense piloso, lobis ovatis acutis. 

Has. Organ Mountains, at an elevation of about 6,000 feet. 
F1. March. 

Frutex 3-pedalis. Folia 6-8 lin. longa, 3-4 lin. lata, supra 
nitida, breve petiolata. Petala obovata, pellucido-punctata, 
o pubescentia. Ovarium biloculare, loculis biovu- 

atis. — 1, 


109 FLORA OF BRAZIL. 


5715. Calyptranthes caudata ; frutescens, glaberrima, ramulis 
angulatis, foliis brevissime petiolatis lanceolatis longe ob- — 
tuse acuminatis, pedunculis axillaribus solitariis unifloris 
folio duplo fere brevioribus, alabastro globoso apicu- 
lato. 

Has. By the sides of streams on the Organ Mountains, at 
an elevation of about 3,000 feet. FI. March. 

Frutex 4-5 pedalis, ramosissimus. Folia disticha, 15 lin. 
longa, 4 lin. lata, pellucido-punctata. Petala linearia, alba. 
Stamina numerosissima. Stylus filiformis. 

5713. Eugenia virgata ; fruticosa, pedunculis axillaribus ter- _ 
minalibusque solitariis racemosis 6-12-floris folio breviori- - 
bus rufo-pubescentibus, bracteis linearibus obtusis, brac- 
teolis acutis, foliis oblongo- lanceolatis obtuse acuminatis | 
basi subcuneatis glabris coriaceis. a 

Has. Woods, by the sides of streams in the Organ Moun- : 
tains, at an elevation of about 3,000 feet. FI. March. — 
Frutex 3-5-pedalis. Folia 15 lin. longa, 5-6 lin. lata, breve — 

petiolata, supra viridia, subtus pallida, opaca. Calyces pu- 

bescentes, expansi, 4-lobi, lobis ovato-oblongis, obtusis, 3-ner- 
viis. Ovarium biloculare, loculis pluriovulatis. 

Near E. Candolleana, DC. 

5714. Eugenia pumila ; fruticosa, glaberrima, pedunculis axil- — 
laribus solitariis 3-floris folio quadruplo brevioribus, flori- — 
bus sessilibus, foliis petiolatis oblongo-lanceolatis longe 
acuminatis basi attenuatis, calycis lobis rotundatis demum — 
deciduis. E 

Has. Organ Mountains, at an elevation of about 4,000 feet. - E 
F1. March. = 
Frutex 2-3-pedalis. Folia 14-2 poll. longa, 6-7 lin. lata, — 

supra glabra, nitida, subtus pallida, pellucido-punctata. Ova- - 1 

rium biloculare, loculis biovulatis. ud 

5717. Eugenia cinerascens; glaberrima, caule fruticosa, foliis T 
breviter petiolatis oblongo-lanceolatis utrinque attenuatis . À 
obtusis margine subrevolutis obscure pellucido-punctatis, a 
pedunculis axillaribus folio brevioribus 1-4-floris, 


FLORA OF BRAZIL. 103 


unifloris apice bibracteatis, calycis lobis rotundatis demum 

reflexis petalisque glabris. 

Has. Organ Mountains, at an elevation of from 5,000 to 
6,000 feet. FI. March. 

Frutex 4-pedalis, ramosus. Folia 15 lin. longa, 5-6 lin. lata. 
Pedunculi brevi. Pedicelli 4-6 lin. longi, apice bibracteati, 
bracteis rotundatis, concavis. Petala late ovata, obtusa, pel- 
lucido-punctata, alba. Ovarium 2-loculare, loculis pluriovu- 
latis, 

5712, Eugenia Miersiana ; fruticosa, ramulis subcompressis, 
petiolis pedunculis foliisque subtus dense rufo-tomentosis, 
pedicellis axillaribus solitariis vel rariter binis folio qua- 
druplo et ultra brevioribus, foliis lanceolatis vel lanceolato- 
ellipticis" cuspidatis supra glabris, calyce dense piloso- 
tomentoso 4-lobato, lobis ovatis acutis reflexis, petalis late 
ovatis acutis epunctatis. 

Han. Woods in the Organ Mountains, at an elevation of 
about 3,000 feet. FI. March. 

Frutex 8-10-pedalis. Folia 23 pollicares longa, 12-15 lin. 
lata, Petioli 3 lin. longi. Pedunculi 6-7 lin. longi, demum 
reflexi. Calyx basi bibracteolatus. Discus ut in Psidio 
latus. Ovarium 3-loculare, loculis pluriovulatis. 

Near E. tomentosa, Camb. 


PASSIFLORACEJE. 

427. Passiflora (Cieca) Vellozii; tota piloso-hispida, foliis basi 
cordatis 5-nerviis trilobatis eglandulosis, lobis ovatis 
acutis apiculatis lateralibus medio duplo brevioribus divari- 
catis, petiolis versus apicem biglandulosis, glandulis longe 
stipitatis pilosis, stipulis dimidiatis semiorbiculatis pro- 
funde lacerato-ciliatis, pedicellis solitariis petiolo subæ- 
quantibus, bracteis semiuncialibus grosse pinnatifidis, calycis 
segmentis 5 oblongis obtusis infra apicem setaceis triner- 
viis, petalis nullis, corone filamentis seriei exterioris fili- 
formibus sepala subeequantibus, seriei interioris breviter 
connatis fimbriatis. vu 


104 FLORA OF BRAZIL. 


Passiflora feetida, Vellozo, Fl. Flum. 9, t. 86. (non Cavan.) 

Has. Organ Mountains, at an elevation of about 3,000 feet. 
Fi. Feb. 

Folia 21 poll. longa, 15-18 lin. lata. Cirrhi simplices. 

Ovarium dense piloso-tomentosum. 

428. Passiflora (Decaloba) Organensis ; glabra, foliis latis 
basi rotundatis eglandulosis subpeltatis 3-nerviis divari- 
cato-subtrilobis, lobis lateralibus ovatis obtusis, medio lato 
obtusissimo, petiolis eglandulosis, pedicellis geminis 
petiolo longioribus, calycis segmentis oblongis obtusis, 
petalis brevioribus, corone filamentis seriei exterioris com- 
planato-petaloideis petalis brevioribus, seriei interioris - 
connatis. - 

Has. Organ Mountains, at an elevation of about 8,000 feet. - 
F1. Feb. - 
Folia 23-3 poll. longa, 3-41 poll. lata. Petioli pollicares. … 

Cirrhi simplices. Ovarium glabrum. pe 


CUNONIACEEX. 


722* et 5721. Weinmannia Organensis ; albo-tomentosa, foliis 
impari-pinnatis 4-7-jugis, foliolis oblongis vel avutiusculis - 
serratis, alis petiolorum obovatis, ramulis compressis apice — 
dilatatis, racemis folia superantibus. & 

Has. Organ Mountains, at an elevation of from 5,000 t0 — 
6,000 feet. Fi. March. ; r5 
Arbor 10-20-pedalis.  Foliola pollicem longa, 5-6 lin. 

lata, supra demum glabriuscula. ^ Racemi 3-4 poll. longi - 

Flores quinquepartiti, decandri. 

5722. Weinmannia discolor ; glabra, foliis trifoliolatis vel in- 
terdum impari-pinnatis 2-jugis, foliolis oblongo-lanceolatis 
versus apicem attenuatis basi cuneatis grosse serrato-den- 
tatis, alis petiolorum semiobovatis, ramulis compressis an- - 
gulatis superne foliisque junioribus subtus pilosiusculis, : 
racemis folia subæquantibus, rachi villosa. EL 

Has. Organ Mountains, at about 5,000 feet elevation. Fi 
March. 


FLORA OF BRAZIL. 105 


Arbuscula 10-12.pedalis. Foliola majora 2-21 poll. longa, 
6-8 lin. lata, supra viridia, subtus pallida. Flores quadri- 
partiti, octandri. 

UMBELLIFEREX. 

5725. Hydrocotyle alpestris ; villosiuscula, foliis orbiculatis 
cordatis 6-7-lobatis subduplicato-crenato-dentatis supra 
adpresse pilosiusculis subtus ad nervos pubescentibus, pe- 
tiolis villosis pedunculo glabriusculo brevioribus, umbella 
25-30-flora, floribus distincte pedicellatis, fructibus late 
- ovatis truncatis basi subcordatis ecostatis. 

Has. On moist shady rocks, near the summit of the Organ 
Mountains. Fl. March. 

Herba parva. Surculi radicantes, pilosiusculi. Folia sub- 
pollicem lata.  Petioli 2 poll. longi. Pedunculi 3.polli- 
Cares. Pedicelli 3 lin. circiter longi. Styli valde divaricati. 


ARALIACEÆ. 


433. Hedera triloba; glaberrima, caule fruticoso erecto in- 
ermi, foliis longe petiolatis membranaceis, aliis indivisis 
uninerviis aliis trinerviis trilobatis majoribus lobis acumi- 
natis margine obscure dentatis, pedunculis terminalibus 
umbellatis 10-12-floris, pedicellis flores subæquantibus. 

Has. In virgin forests, on the Organ Mountains, at an 
elevation of about 4000 feet. F1. January. 

Frutex 4-6-pedalis. Folia majora 9 poll. longa, 44 poll. 
lata. Petioli 4 poll.fere longi. Pedunculi sesquipollicares. 
Petala oblongo-lanceolata, acuta, apice incurva, glabra. Styli 
in unicum concreti. 

My no. 5726, also from the Organ Mountains, is Hedera 
capitata, Smith. 


LORANTHACEZ. 

436. Viscum nitidum; ramis ramulisque compressis, foliis 
lineari-lanceolatis obtusis nitidis basi attenuatis tenuissime 
5-nerviis, spicis axillaribus solitariis folio triplo brevioribus 
articulatis, vaginis bifidis, baccis ovatis basi rachi im- 
mersis, r 
VOL. tv. ya ; à a6 


106 FLORA OF BRAZIL. 


Has. On trees in forests in the Organ Mountains, at an . 
elevation of about 4000 feet. FI. February. : 
Folia 3 poll. longa, 3-4 lin. lata. Spice pollicem longe. 
Near V. affine, Pohl. 

437 et 5727. Viscum ellipticum ; ramis teretibus junioribus 2 
compressis striatis, foliis ellipticis vel obovato SE 
breviter petiolatis obtusis 3-nerviis, spicis axillaribus soli- - 
tariis folio triplo fere brevioribus, baccis ovatis rachi im- à 
mersis. : 

Has. On the branches of a species of Gaylussacia, in open — 
rocky places on the Organ Mountains, at an elevation of | : 
about 5000 feet. FI. March. — 

Planta parva, vix pedalis, ramosa. Folia 6-9 lin. longa, 

4-5 lin. lata. Spice 2-3 lin. longae. 


RUBIACE. 


5737. Hindsia ramosissima; fruticosa, ramosissima, ramulis 
glabris, foliis breviter petiolatis lanceolatis obtuse acumi- 
natis basi acutis margine subreflexis venis utrinque 6-8 viX 
prominentibus supra glaberrimis nitidis subtus ad nervos 
pilosis, axillis venarum barbatis, calycis laciniis parum in- 
eequalibus, corollz tubo 8 lin. longo, laciniis oblongo- - 
lanceolatis obtusis, a 

Has. Open rocky places on the Organ Mountains, at an - 
elevation of about 5000 feet. FI. March. 3 
Frutex bipedalis. Folia 15-18.lin. longa, 4-5-lin. lata. 

Calyx 5-fidus, laciniis oblongis obtusis. Corolla pubescens 
Allied to H. longiflora (my n. 457 and 5738), from which 

it is principally distinguished by being about one half smaller 

in all its parts. ae 

5736. Declieuxia cærulea ; suffruticosa glabra, caulibus tere- 
tibus prostratis, ramis fastigiatis erectis tetragonis foliosis; 
foliis oppositis petiolatis oblongo-lanceolatis obtusis mar- 
gine revolutis, cyma terminali pedunculata trichotoma sub- 
fastigiata, staminibus lobos corollæ æquantibus. 

Has. In broad masses on flat rocky places, near the 
of the Organ Mountains, FI, March. 


FLORA OF BRAZIL, 107 


Caulis suffruticosus, prostratus, ultrapedalis. Folia 10- 
12 lin. longa, 3-4 circiter lata, supra viridia, subtus pallidiora, 
pennivenia, venis 5. Petioli subulati 3-lin. longi. Stipulæ 
interpetiolares, adpresse, subulatæ, glabræ. Corymbi termi- 
nales, tripartiti, bracteati, villosiusculi. Flores alares sessiles, 
laterales breve pedicellati. Calyx pilosiusculus, laciniis 2» 
linearibus, erectis, obtusis, trinerviis, basi lateraliter subuni- 
dentatis, tubo corolla brevioribus. Corolla glabra, cærulea, 
fauce barbata, limbo 4-partito, patenti-reflexo, laciniis ob- 
longis, acutis, æqualibus, tubum subæquantibus. Filamenta 
anthereeque glabra. Stylus tubo brevior. Stigma bifidum. 
Fructus didymus, compressus. 

5735. Chomelia hirsuta ; tota pilis rigidis hirsuta, foliis 
ovatis acuminatis breve petiolatis, pedunculis axillaribus. 
1-floris, calycis lobis linearibus acutis, drupa oblonga. 

Has. Woods in the Organ Mountains, at an elevation of 

about 3500 feet. FI. March. 

Frutex 6-pedalis, ramosus, spinosus. Rami teretes, juniores 
hirsuti. Folia membranacea, 21-3 poll. longa, 1-14 poll. 
lata, utrinque piloso-hirsuta. Pedunculi axillares, graciles, 
pilosi, 6-lin. longi, uniflori. Calyx 4-fidus, laciniis elongatis, 
linearibus, acutis, hirsutis. Corolla ignota. Fructus oblongus, 
hirsutus. 

5762. Coussarea? uniflora; ramulis minute puberulis, foliis 
breve petiolatis ellipticis vel elliptico-obovatis obtusis basi 

- acutiusculis margine revolutis supra glabris subtus in 
axillis nervorum barbatis, stipulis latis membranaceis 

acutis, floribus terminalibus solitariis sessilibus. T 
Has. Organ Mountains in woods by the sides of streams 

F1. March. 

. Frutex 3-pedalis, ramosus. Folia ad apices ramulorum 

7 approximata, pollicem longa, 5-6 lin. lata. Calyx tubo ovato 

Piloso cum ovario connatus, limbo supero 4-lobato, lobis 


Ovatis acutis, Corolla infundibuliformis, tubo tereti, fauce — 
villosa extus puberula 3 lin. longa, limbi quadrifidilaciniis lan- ——— 


ceolatis tubum subæquantibus, æstivatione valvatis. Stamina 
1 2:: p m 


108 FLORA OF BRAZIL. 


4-medio corollæ tubo inserta, vix exserta. Filamenta brevia, 
Anthere lineares, erectæ. Stylus filiformis. Stigma bifidum, 
lobis linearibus, inclusis. Ovarium biloculare, loculis uni- 
ovulatis. Ovula erecta. | 
5763. Faramea (Tetramerium) rivularis; ramulis compressis, — 
foliis ovalis vel elliptico-oblongis abrupte acuminatis basi 
acutis membranaceis, stipulis in aristam subdorsalem desi- 
nentibus petiolo longioribus, corymbis terminalibus tri- 
chotomis, floribus alaribus pedicellatis, calycis limbo brevi 
4-dentato. | 

Has. In moist woods, on the Organ mountains, at an 
elevation of upwards of 3000 feet. FI. March. E 
Folia 3-43 poll. longa, 14-2 poll. lata. Petioli 3 lin. circiter — 

longi. Corolle albe, laciniis limbi tubo æquilongis. E 
This species agrees somewhat with the technical character | 

of F. odoratissima, DC., but is certainly different from Ja | 

quin's figure, which represents the central flowers of the - 
ultimate trichotomy as sessile. On my plant the flowers are 
all borne upon pedicels of equal length. "The leaves are 
besides more acuminated. 

5764. Faramea (Tetramerium) caudata; ramulis Ww 
pressis, foliis oblongo-lanceolatis utrinque attenuatis longe 
acuminatis membranaceis petiolatis, stipulis in aristan | 
subdorsalem desinentibus petiolo brevioribus, corymbis - 
terminalibus trichotomis paucifloris, floribus longe podia 
latis, calycis limbo brevi 4-dentato. 

Has. In woods by the sides of streams on the Organ Moun- 
tains. Fl, March. 

Folia 4-6-poll. longa, 1-14-poll. lata. Petioli 4-5-lin. long 

Bacca subsicca, globosa, 1-sperma. 

446. Psychotria pallens; ramulis compressis, foliis elliptico 
obovatis breviter acuminatis basi attenuatis glabris; stipulis 
utrinque bipartitis laciniis subulatis deciduis, cyma termi- 
nali subsessili trichotoma folio multo breviore, radiis com- 
pressis, bracteis bracteolisque ovatis acutis, floribus bre 
vissime pedicellatis minute albido-lepidotis, calycis | 


FLORA OF BRAZIL. 109 


quinque-lobo, lobis ovatis acutis, corolle tubo cylindrico 

intus glabro lobis 5 oblongis obtusis reflexis, staminibus 

inclusis, stylo glabro exserto. 

Has. In woods on the Organ Mountains, at an elevation of 
about 3000 feet. FI. April. 

Frutex 4-pedalis. Folia utrinque pallida, 5-6 poll. longa, 
2 circiter lata. Petioli 9 lin. longi. Corolla alba, vix 5 lin. 
longa. 

454. Psychotria nemorosa; glaberrima, foliis anguste lanceo- 
latis acuminatis utrinque attenuatis coriaceis, stipulis sub- 
concretis utrinque bipartitis, laciniis subulatis persistentibus, 
cyma terminali breve pedunculata, ramis subcompressis 
verticillatis, bracteis subulatis, floribus pentameris, calyce 
breviter dentato, dentibus acutis, corolle tubo cylindrico, 
lobis oblongis obtusis, staminibus inclusis, stigmate bila- 
mellato. 

Has. In dense virgin forests on the Organ Mountains, at 
an elevation of about 4000 feet. FI. April. 

Frutex 2-3-pedalis. Folia 23-3 poll. longa, 6-9 lin. lata, 
supra viridia, subtus pallida. Petioli vix 3 lin. longi. 

Near P, leiocarpa, and P. intermedia. 

448. Palicourea longepedunculata ; glaberrima, ramis ramulis- 
que teretibus, foliis petiolatis oblongo-lanceolatis acutis vel 
acuminatis basi acutiusculis, venis venulisque subtus 
prominentibus, stipulis utrinque binis late ovatis, panicula 
longe pedunculata, ramis angulato-compressis, corolla 
cylindrica glabriuscula, staminibus inclusis, baccis ovatis 
compressis. | 

Har. In dense forests in the Organ Mountains at an eleva- 
tion of about 4000 feet. Fl. January. 

Frutex 8.10-pedalis. Folia 6-9 poll. longa, 2-24 poll. lata. 
Petioli subpollicares, Pedunculi 9 poll.longi. Panicula densa, 
rubella. Calyx breviter 5-dentatus. Corolla cylindrica, 6-lin. 
longa, 5-fida, lobis oblongis obtusis extus puberulis, basi vix 
gibba. Stylus exsertus. Stigma bifidum, lobis semi-orbi- 

ý | 


451. Suteria Hookeriana; glaberrima, folis petiolatis ellip- 


110 FLORA OF BRAZIL. 


tico-lanceolatis acuminatis basi acutis, floribus terminalibus - 
sessilibus ternis, calyce membranaceo 5-dentato, dentibus | 
late ovatis obtusis, corolla calyce duplo longioribus - 
hypocraterimorpha 5-fida, laciniis oblongis acutis incras- 
satis, genitalibus inclusis, fructibus ovatis. 

Has. In woods common at an elevation of about 3000 feet 
on the Organ Mountains. FI. February. 
Frutex 4-pedalis, ramosus. Folia supra viridia, subtus. 

pallidiora, 34-4 poll. longa, 15-18 lin. lata.  Petioli 3-4 lin. 

longi, semiteretes.  Stipulæ subconcretæ, utrinque bifide, 
laciniis subulatis, demum deciduis. Corolla flava, 9-lin- 
longa. : 

This species differs from S. Brasiliensis, Mart. and S. ter- 
minalis, Mart., in its smaller flowers, and more acumi 
leaves. 

452. Suteria parviflora; glaberrima, foliis petioli oblongo- 
lanceolatis acuminatis basi acutiusculis, floribus termina- 
libus sessilibus ternis, calyce 5-fido, laciniis lanceolatis 
acutis, corolla calyce duplo et ultra longiore 5-fida, 
laciniis lanceolatis acutis apice incrassatis reflexis, antheris 
exsertis, fructibus globosis. l 

Has. In woods on the Organ Mountains at an elevation ws 
about 4000 feet. FI. February. 
Frutex 3-4-pedalis, dichotomo-ramosus. Folia supra V 

ridia, subtus pallidiora, 24 poll. longa, 10-12 lin. lata. Peti! 

3 lin. circiter longi, supra canaliculati. Stipule subconcret® 

utrinque bifidæ, laciniis subulatis, demum deciduis. 

hypocraterimorpha, flava, tubo intus barbato. Stylus 
subclavatus, bilobus, tubo inclusus. 

5734. Suteria macrantha ; glaberrima, foliis petiolatis © 
longo-lanceolatis acuminatis basi acutis, floribus termina" 
libus sessilibus ternis, calyce magno membranaceo 5- 
laciniis late ovatis acutiusculis, corolla hypocraterim rp! 

5-fida, laciniis lanceolatis acutis incrassatis, sie 
inclusis, 

Has. In dense forests on the Organ Mountains, at an € 
tion of about 4500 feet. Fl. March. 


FLORA OF BRAZIL, 111 


Frutex 5.6-pedalis, ramosus. Folia 21.3 poll longa, 
10-12 lin. lata. Petioli 3 lin. circiter longi. Stipulæ sub- 
concrete, utrinque bifidæ, laciniis subulatis, demum deciduis. 
Corolla flava, tubo intus barbato. 

442, Borreria Organensis ; caulibus basi fruticosis prostratis, 
ramis adscendentibus teretiusculis glabris fistulosis, foliis 
anguste lanceolatis acutis vix petiolatis venis 4-5 obliquis 
supra nervo medio pubescentibus marginibus scabriusculis, 
dentibus stipularum 5-7 in setas abeuntibus vagine lon- 
gitudine, capitulis terminalibus hemisphæricis foliis 4 invo- 
lucratis, genitalibus exsertis, capsula oblonga pilosa denti- 
bus calycinis 4 linearibus hirtis coronata. 

Has. Open grassy places on the Organ Mountains at an 
elevation of about 3000 feet. Fl. January. 

Near B. scabiosiodes. Cham. et Schl., but besides other 
differences is distinguished by its pilose capsule, and the 
want of long hairs on the involucral leaves. 

438. Rubia afinis ; tota pilosa, caule acute tetragono, foliis 
quaternatis obovato-oblongis obtusis mucronatis margine 
revolutis uninerviis supra glabriusculis subtus longe pilosis, 
pedunculis axillaribus oppositis unifloris folio longioribus, 
bracteis lanceolatis acuminatis, bacca sessili dense pilosa. 

Has. In open places, in forests among bushes, at an eleva- 
tion of about 4000 feet on the Organ Mountains. 

Herba. Caules diffusi, ramosissimi. Folia 4 lin. longa, 
1-14 lin. lata, Corolla rotata, alba, 4-lobata, lobis acutis 
extus pilosis. Ovarium pilosum. | 
5765. Rubia rupestris ; piloso-hirta, caule acute tetragono, 
foliis quaternatis uninerviis supra glabriusculis nitidis 

subtus Pilosis, pedunculis axillaribus oppositis unifloris 

folio duplo fere brevioribus, braeteis ovato-oblongis acutis, 
sessili glabra, 

Has. Procumbent on the rocky summit of the Organ Moun- 
tains, F7, February. 

Herba, Caules diffusi, ramosissimi. Folia breve petio- 

2738 lin, longa, 14 lin. lata. Corolla rotata, 4-lobata, 


TES FLORA OF BRAZIL. 


lobis ovatis acutis trinerviis, glabra, alba. Ovarium pilo- 

sum. 

5767. Rubia glabra; glabra nitida, caule tetragono, foliis 
quaternatis ellipticis membranaceis obtusis mucronatis 
subtus nervo medio pilosiusculis, pedunculis axillaribus 
solitariis unifloris folia subæquantibus, bracteis lanceolatis 
mucronatis, ovario glabro, bacca ovoidea glabra in involucro 
sessili. 

Has. Open bushy places near the summit of the Orga? 
Mountains. In fruit in March. 

.. Herba. Caules diffusi, ramossissimi. Folia 6 lin. 

3-4 lin. lata. Flores ignoti. 
My number 5766, also from the summit of the 

Mountains, is Rubia novia, St. Hil. 


— 


VALERIANEZÆ. 


461. Valeriana Candolleana ; glabra, herbacea, scandens, ral 
teretibus, foliis ovatis cordatis acuminatis grosse den 
paniculis axillaribus dichotomis laxis, staminibus inclus 
fructo ovato glabro. 

Has. In bushy places near the summit of the Organ 
tains. FI. April and May. 5 
Herba perennis, scandens, glaberrima. Rami teretes, SUI" 

Folia opposita, longe petiolata, ovata, cordata, acumin# 

grosse dentata, 24-3 poll. longa, 1} circiterlata.  Petioli ¢ 

planati, 1-14 poll. longi, basi amplexicaules. Panicula axill 
elongata, dichotoma, laxa. Flores alares et terminales 


obtusis, æqualibus. Stamina inclusa. Anthere rotu! 

Stylus glaber. Stigma trifidum. Semina ovata, € 

compressa, utrinque 3-costata. Pappus e radiis 15 

semine brevioribus, plumosis, basi membranaceis 

natis. 

5768. Valeriana Organensis; caule fruticoso erecto; 
subquadrangularibus glabris, foliis longe petiolatis à 


et 


FLORA OF BRAZIL. 113 


lanceolatis utrinque attenuatis glanduloso-serrato-dentatis _ 

margine subrevolutis glabris, panicula trichotomo-corym- 

bosa compacta, foliis floralibus sessilibus pinnatifidis, sta- 
minibus inclusis, fructibus ovato-ellipticis plano-convexis 
late marginatis linea longitudinali elevata antice notatis 
glabris. 

Has. In bushy places near the summit of the Organ Moun- 
tains. Fl. March. 

Suffrutex 3-pedalis, erectus, parce ramosus, glaber. Rami 
subquadrangulares, florentes elongati, parce foliosi. Folia ad 
apicem ramulorum approximata, longe petiolata, anguste lan- 
ceolata, utrinque attenuata, glanduloso-serrato-dentata, mar- 
gine subrevoluta, glabra, 3 poll. longa, 43 lin. lata.  Petioli 
vix pollicares, supra complanati, marginati, subtus carinata, 
margine versus basin interdum pilosi. Folia floralia sessilia, 
inciso-pinnatifida. Panicule terminales, corymbosæ : ramis 
trichotomis, pilosiusculis, confertis. Bracteæ opposite, ob- 
longe, acute, glabræ. Flores sessiles. Corolla parva, alba, 
campanulata, basi vix gibba, 5-fida, glabra. Stamina 3, in- 
clusa. Stigma trifidum. Semina plano-convexa, late mar- 
ginata, linea elevata antice notata, glabra, pappo coroniformi 
incurvo coronata, 


CoMPosir E. 


478. Vernonia (Lepidaploa) Hilairiana ; caule suffruticoso, 
ramis angulatis pubescentibus, foliis petiolatis longe et an- 
guste lanceolatis utrinque acutis margine revolutis minute 
denticulato-serratis supra rugosis scabris subtus tomen- 
tosis, panicula ramosissima pubescenti-tomentosa, capi- 
tulis. pedicellatis 20-floris, involucri squamis oblongis 
pungentibus puberulis, achenio striato glanduloso, pappi 
ser. ext. brevi setosa. 


Har. Open bushy places on the Organ Mountains, ^ an p 


elevation of about 3000 feet. FI. April. e 

_ Suffrutex 8-10-pedalis. Folia alterna, 6-7 pel Une 10-12 
-lata. Corolla glabra, violacea. Bis 
477 (bis). Vernonia (Lepidaploa) paludosa; caule u pruta- 
VoL. Iv. wo : 


114 FLORA OF BRAZIL. 


tereti striato ramoso pubescente, foliis petiolatis lanceolatis 
utrinque attenuatis minute denticulatis supra scabridis sub- 
tus pubescenti-tomentosis, paniculis terminalibus aphyllis 
pubescentibus, capitulis 10-12-floris, involucri squamis 
puberulis obtusis, achenio striato piloso, pappi ser. ext: 
brevi setosa. 
Has. Open marshy places on the Organ Monni at a 
elevation of about 3000 feet. FI. May. 
Suffrutex 4-6-pedalis. Folia alterna, 4 poll. longa, 15 lin 
lata. Corolla glabra, violacea. 
My number 477 from the same locality, is Vernonia deli 
culata, DC. In the general distribution, these two spe 
were mixed up with each other. 

476. Vernonia (Lepidaploa) densiflora ; arborea, ramulis sut 
lato-angulatis tomentosis, foliis petiolatis lanceolatis acu 
natis integerrimis basi acutis supra scabriusculis sub 
dense fulvo-tomentosis, panicula ramosissima pubes 
tomentosa ramis scorpioideis aphyllis, capitulis i 
bus sub-12-floris, involucri squamis tomentosis ob us 
achenio piloso, pappi ser. ext. paleacea brevi. 

Has. In woods in the Organ Mountains, at an elevati 
about 3000 feet. F1. May. 
Arbor 10-15-pedalis. Folia alterna, 5-7 poll. longa, 1-14 

lata. Corolla glabra. 

Near Vernonia polyanthos, Less. 

5771. Vernonia (Lepidaploa) rupestris ; caule fruticoso; 
elongatis teretibus subangulato-striatis tomentosis, 
sessilibus oblongo-lanceolatis acutis basi auriculatis ‘ 

lique amplexicaulibus minute crenulatis supra pl 
pubescentibus subtus tomentosis, panicula elongata st 
capitulis confertis pedicellatis 30-floris, involucri cam 
lati squamis pubescentibus acutis interioribus acumi 
achenio piloso, pappi ser. ext. brevi paleacea. 

Has. Open rocky places on the Organ Mountains, 
elevation of about 4500 feet. FL March. 
Frutex 6-10-pedalis. Folia alterna, 4-5 poll. longa, 1-14 

lata. Corolla glabra, violacea. Pappus violaceus. 


FLORA OF BRAZIL. 115 


5769. Vernonia (Lepidaploa) Miersiana ; caule herbaceo 
erecto adpresse villoso simplici tereti striato apice in ramos 
angulatos diviso, foliis petiolatis lineari-lanceolatis elon- 
gatis acutis integerrimis supra piloso-scabridis subtus 
villoso-tomentosis, capitulis 2-5-floris sessilibus subgeminis 
folio florali multo brevioribus, involucri squamis imbricatis 
exterioribus pungentibus interioribus longioribus acutis, 
achenio villoso, pappi ser. ext. brevi setosa. 

Has. Moist open places in woods on the Organ Mountains, 
at an elevation of about 3500 feet. FJ. March. 

Herba 4-5 pedalis. Folia alterna, 5-6 poll. longa, 8-10 lin. 
lata, Corolla glabra. Pappus albus. | 
517 et 5770. Vernonia (Lepidaploa) decumbens; caule basi 

fruticoso, ramis decumbentibus teretibus striatis villoso- 

tomentosis vel glabriusculis, foliis sessilibus longe lineari- 
bus acutis basi obtusis margine integerrimis revolutis supra 
scabriusculis subpilosis subtus villosis, cymis axillaribus 

terminalibusque bifidis scorpioideis, capitulis sessilibus 20- 

floris confertis, involucri campanulati squamis villosis, ex- 

terioribus in acumen setiforme patulum productis, intimis 
rectis acutis, achenio piloso, pappi seriei externa brevi 
paleacea, 

Has. Open rocky places on the Organ Mountains, at an 
elevation of about 5000 feet. Fl. March. 

Suffrutex decumbens, ramosus. Folia alterna, 21-31 poll. 
longa, 3-4 lin. lata. Corolla glabra, violacea, laciniis tubo 
longioribus. Pappus albus. b £e à 
512, Stevia (Paleaceo-aristate) Organensis; caule herbaceo 

erecto apice ramoso glanduloso-piloso-pubescente, foliis 

9ppositis sessilibus rhomboideo-ovatis obtusiusculis basi 
subcordato-inæqualibus amplexicaulibus infra medium tri- 
plinerviis dentato-serratis utrinque villoso-hirsutis, corym- 


bis axillaribus terminalibusque fastigiatis in paniculam dis- doc 


positis, pappa paleaceo et 4.6-aristato. "S 
Han. Moist rocky open places on the Organ Mountains, at 
an elevation of about 5000 feet. Fi. May. au. 
Herba bipedalis. Folia 34-4 poll. longa, 14 poll. circiter 

ra R: 


116 FLORA OF BRAZIL. 


lata. Involucra et pedicelli glandulosa, squamis 5 lineari- 

oblongis obtusis. Flores rosei. Ariste achenio ad anguli 

piloso æquales, corolla breviores. 

519 et 5775. Eupatorium (Imbricata) roseum; fruticosum, 
erectum, ramosum, ramis teretibus striatis pubescentib 
foliis breve petiolatis oblongis vel elliptico-oblongis utrinq 
obtusis basi subattenuatis superne glabris subtus pubesce 
tibus crenato-serratis uninerviis, corymbo terminali com 
sito densissime conferto, capitulis oblongis 5-floris, inY 
lucri squamis imbricatis 3-seriatis oblongis obtusis glabris 
ciliatis, achenio glabro. 3 

Has. Open bushy places on the Organ Mountains, at 
elevation of about 5500 feet. FI. March. 3 
Frutex 2-3-pedalis. Folia 15-18 lin. longa, 6 lin. lat 

Flores rosei. | : 
5776. Eupatorium (Imbricata) alpestre ; fruticosum, ramulis 
teretibuss triatis fusco-pubescenti-tomentosis, foliis opp 

sitis breve petiolatis lanceolatis acutis vel subacum 
basi acutis grosse serratis penniveniis supra glabert 
subtus ad nervos pilosiusculis ceterum resinoso-punc 
corymbo composito terminali, capitulis brevissime 
cellatis confertis 5-floris, involucri squamis pubescen 
imbricatis, exterioribus lanceolatis acutis, interioribus 
longis obtusis striatis ciliatis, achenio angulato glabro. 
Has. In bushy places on the Organ Mountains, at 
elevation of about 6000 feet. Fl. March. 
494. Eupatorium (Imbricata) confertum ; fruticosum, erec 
ramis ramulisque striatis puberulis, foliis oppositis br 
petiolatis lineari.lanceolatis utrinque acutis regt 
serratis uninerviis superne glabris nitidis subtus p" 
centi-hirtellis resinoso-punctatis, corymbo terminali 
posito dense conferto, capitulis oblongis 5-floris, inv 
squamis 8-10 imbricatis oblongis obtusis striatis C 
acheniis glabris. m 
Has. Moist open places in the Organ Mountains, 
elevation of about 3500 feet. Fi. Apri. —— 
Frutex 3-4-pedalis. Folia majora 3} poll. longa, 7 lin 


FLORA OF BRAZIL. 117 


Near Eupatorium comptoniefolium, DC. 

518 et 5774. Eupatorium (Imbricata) tectum; fruticosum, 
ramis teretibus striatis pubescenti-hirtis fastigiatis, foliis 
oppositis petiolatis lanceolatis vel ovato-lanceolatis obtu- 
siusculis integerrimis triplinerviis supra glabris subtus 
tomentosis, corymbis terminalibus compositis fastigiatis, 
capitulis pedicellatis 20-floris, involucri squamis arcte im- 
bricatis obtusis striatis glabris, achenio angula toad angulos 
pilosiusculo. 

Has. Bushy places on the Organ Mountains, at an elevation 
of about 5000 feet. FI. March. 

Frutex bipedalis, ramosus; rami dense foliosis. Folia 
12-15 lin. longa, 4 lin. circiter lata. Flores pallide vio- 
lacei, 

Near E. hypericifolium, H. B.et K. 
862. Eupatorium (Subimbricata) dispalatum ; fruticosum 

scandens, ramis teretibus striatis glabris, foliis petiolatis 
oblongis acuminatis basi obtusis utrinque glabris margine 
revolutis. subdentatis penniveniis reticulatis, corymbis 
axillaribus et terminalibus rufo-pubescenti-hirtis in pani- 
culam dispositis, capitulis pedicellatis 5-floris, involucri 
squamis imbricatis striatis ciliatis exterioribus late ovatis 
interioribus oblongis, achenio piloso. 

Han. In woods on the Organ Mountains, at an elevation of 
about 3500 feet. Fl. J uly... 

: Frutex scandens. Folia opposita, 31-4 poll. longa, 16 lin. 
circiter lata. Flores albi. | Fe 
5786. Eupatorium (Eximbricata) baccharifolium ; fruticosum, 

ramis ramulisque teretibus pubescentibus, foliis breve pe- 

tiolatis ovato-ellipticis utrinque obtusis versus medium 
pauci-dentato-serratis glabris subtus punctatis trinerviis, © 
corymbo terminali oligocephalo laxo, capitulis pedicellatis - 
circiter 11-floris, involucri squamis 2-seriatis subeequalibus 

ovatis obtusis pubescentibus, achenio glanduloso. E 
Has. Near the summit of the Organ Mountains. £7. March. 3 
; Frutex bipedalis. Folia 6-9 lin. longa, 3-44 lin, lata. — 
5777. Eupatorium (Eximbricata) Organense; suffruticosum, 


118 FLORA OF BRAZIL. 


caule erecto sulcato glabro ad apicem corymboso-ramoso 
ramulis pubescenti-tomentosis, foliis oppositis petiolatis 
ovatis acutis vel subacuminatis basi obtusis trinerviis ser 
ratis utrinque glabris, corymbis axillaribus terminalibusque 
fastigiatis pubescenti-tomentosis, capitulis pedicellatis c 
citer 25-floris, involucri campanulati squamis biseriatis 
lanceolatis acuminatis ciliatis dorso puberulis, achenio an- 
gulato resinoso-punctato. 

Has. Open rocky places on the Organ Mountains, at an 
elevation of about 5000 feet. Fl. March. 

482. Mikania (Stipulate) punctata; suffruticosa scanden: 
ramis angulatis puberulis, petiolis ala foliacea repand 
undulata marginatis basi in auriculam semireniformem 
dilatatis, foliis ovatis acuminatis basi et apice inte 
cæterum dentatis penniveniis supra glabris subtus p 
rulis pellucido-punctatis, paniculis axillaribus termini 
busque puberulis, ramulis oppositis angulatis, capitulis 
sparsis subsessilibus, bracteola minima ovata, involut 
squamis oblongo-linearibus obtusis extus pube 
achenio glabro. 

Has. Woods, Organ Mountains, at an elevation of 
3500 feet. Fi. February. 

Folia 4-6 poll. longa, 2 circiter lata. 
Near M. pteropoda, DC. from which it differs chiefly 
the capitula not being crowded together, and having 

obtuse, not acute, involucral scales. 

484. Mikania (Ecordatæ) subcordata; fruticosa scan 
ramis teretibus striatis fulvo-tomentosis, foliis petio! 
ovatis subacuminatis basi plus minusve cordatis su 

tatis supra scabrido-strigoso-pilosis subtus dense 
lanuginosis, panicula terminali, capitulis confertis | : 
latis, bracteolis ovatis obtusis, involucri squamis lineari 
extus ad apicem pilosis, achenio pilosiusculo. i 

Has. Woods, Organ Mountains, at an elevation of ab 
3500 feet. Fl. February. ( 

Folia 4-5 poll longa, 2 circiter lata. Capitula | 

longa. p 


FLORA OF BRAZIL. 119 


861. Mikania (Ecordatæ) conferta ; fruticosa scandens, ramis 
teretibus striatis fulvo-lanuginosis, foliis petiolatis ovatis 
acutis basi subcordatis supra scabrido-strigoso-pilosis sub- 
tus fulvo-lanuginosis integerrimis aut vix subdentatis, pe- 
dunculis axillaribus terminalibusque in paniculam magnam 
dispositis, capitulis confertis ad apices ramulorum ternis 
breve pedicellatis, bracteis involucrum subæquantibus late 
ovatis obtusis extus tomentosis, involucri squamis obovato- 
oblongis obtusis striatis extus pilosis, achenio angulato 
glabro. 

Has. Woods, Organ Mountains, at an elevation of about 
4000 feet. Fi. July. 

Folia 4-4} poll. longa, 2 circiter lata. Capitula 3-33 lin. 
longa. 

485. Mikania (Ecordate) strigosa ; fruticosa, scandens, ramis 
teretibus striatis tomentosis, foliis petiolatis ovato-lanceo- 
latis acutis basi rotundatis integerrimis supra scabrido- 
strigoso-pilosis subtus fulvo-lanuginosis, paniculis axil- 
laribus terminalibusque, capitulis confertis ad apices ra- 
mulorum subternis breve pedicellatis, bracteolis ovatis 
striatis obtusis pilosiusculis, involucri squamis linearibus 
extus ad apicem pilosis, achenio piloso. 

Has. Woods, Organ Mountains, at an elevation of about 
3500 feet. FI. April. 

5780. Mikania (Cordiformes) fimbriata; volubilis, tota cano- 
pubescens, ramis angulatis, foliis longe petiolatis cordatis 
subacuminatis minute dentatis supra scabriusculo-pilosis 
subtus pubescentibus, stipulis interpetiolaribus fimbriatis, 3 
pedunculis apice corymbiferis, capitulis pedicellatis, invo- 
lucri squamis lineari-lanceolatis acutis puberulis, achenio 
glabro. : 

Has. Open bushy places on the Organ Mountains, at an — - 
elevation of about 4000 feet. F1. March. cue 

: Sea 2 poll. longi. Limbus 34 poll. longus, 24 poll : 

atus. 

483. Mikania (Cordiformes) wméellifera ; volubilis, glabrius- tps 2 

€ caule tereti striato, ris roe folii petiolatis — 


120 FLORA OF BRAZIL. 


cordatis obtusis crenato-dentatis junioribus serrato-dentatis 
acutis pedunculis apice umbellatis, umbellis compositis, 
capitulis pedicellatis, involueri squamis lineari-lanceolatis 
acutis glabris, achenio glabro. 

Has. Bushy places, Organ Mountains, common at an de. 
vation of about 4000 feet. Fl. March. 
Petioli 1} poll. longi. Limbus 2 poll. longus, 2 poll. latus. 

Flores albi. Pappus rufescens. 
Near M. opifera, Mart. | 

5779. Mikania (Cordiformes) affinis; fruticosa, scandens, 
ramis teretibus albo-lanuginosis, foliis petiolatis cordatis 
acutis sub-5-nerviis minute dentatis supra dense pilosis 
subtus albo-lanuginosis, pedunculis axillaribus termin 
busque in paniculam coarctatam elongatam dispositis albo- 
lanuginosis, capitulis secus ramulos breviter racemosis 
pedicellatis, bracteola late ovata apice lacerato-ciliata, 
involucri squamis-oblongis obtusis extus pilosiuse 
achenio angulato glabro. 

Has. Woods on the Organ Mountains, at an elevation | 
about 5000 feet. 
Petioli 14 poll. longi. Limbus 4 poll. longus, 34 poll. lat 

Capitula 3 lin. circiter longa. 
Near Mikania /anuginosa, DC. 

496. Baccharis (Trinervatze) depauperata ; suffruticosa, erect™ 
ramosa, glabra, viscosa, ramis ramulisque teretibus striatis, 
foliis longe petiolatis lanceolatis utrinque attenuatis acu 
serrolatio’ triplinerviis subtus punctatis, paniculis axillari 
terminalibusque laxis oligocephalis, capitulis masculis par 
pedicellatis, involucri campanulati squamis oblongis ob 
subaequalibus. 

Has. Open bushy places, Organ Mountains, at an eleva J 
of about 3000 feet. FI. February. E 
Suffrutex bipedalis. ^ Folia tripollicaria, 8 lin. # 

Flores masculi infundibuliformes, 5-fidi. Antheræ su! 

serte. 1 
Near B. Lundii, DC. 

5784. Baccharis (Trinervate) stylosa; fruticosa, ra mos 


FLORA OF BRAZIL. 121 


erecta, glabra, viscosa, ramulis teretibus striatis, foliis ellip- 
ticis obtusis basi attenuatis quintuplinerviis utrinque gla- 
bris serratis, corymbis terminalibus laxis, involucri cam- 
panulati glabri squamis oblongis obtusis, acheniisan gulatis 
pilosis. 

Has. Summit of the Organ Mountains. FI. March. 
Frutex bipedalis. Folia bipollicaria 10-12 lin. lata. Flores 

foeminei tubulosi, apice truncato-pilosi, stylo longe exserto, 

masculi ignoti. 

497. Baccharis (Trinervatæ) lava ; fruticosa, subscandens, 
glabra, ramosa, ramis ramulisque teretibus striatis, foliis 
oppositis petiolatis oblongo-lanceolatis acutis basi obtusis 
trinerviis integerrimis superne glabris nitidis subtus lepi- 
doto-pubescentibus, corymbis axillaribus terminalibusque 
in paniculas magnas dispositis, involucri campanulati 
squamis exterioribus ovatis obtusis interioribus oblongis 
obtusis, acheniis striatis pilosiusculis. 

Has. Woods, Organ Mountains, at an elevation of about 
3000 feet. FI. April. : 
Frutex subscandens. Folia subtripollicaria, 8 lin. lata. 

Flores feeminei tubulosi, basi dilatati, apice truncati, stylo 

exserto, masculi ignoti. 

5782. Baccharis (Cuneifoliz) vaccinioides; fruticosa, erecta, 
ramosa, glabra, subviscosa, ramulis teretibus striatis, foliis 
oblongis obtusis basi cuneatis triplinerviis a medio ad 
apicem dentato-serratis utrinque glabris, capitulis in 
axillis superioribus solitariis breviter pedicellatis, involucro, — 
masculo ovato, foemino oblongo, squamis exterioribus ovatis - 
obtusis interioribus oblongo-linearibus acutiusculis, achæ- 
niis angulatis glabris. 

Has. Organ Mountains, at an elevation. of from 5000 to 
6000 feet. F1. March. 

Frutex 4.6-pedalis. Folia 10 lin. longa, 4 circiter lata. 


Flores feminei tubulosi, basi dilatati, apice breviter 5-fidi, oe 


stylo exserto; masculi tubulosi, 5-fidi, laciniis revolutis, an- E 
theris nete: 


122 FLORA OF BRAZIL. 


5783. Baccharis (Cuneifoliæ) ciliata ; fruticulosa ramosa sub- 
prostrata, ramulis teretibus sulcatis glabriusculis, foliis 
ellipticis obtusis basi cuneatis integerrimis vel versus apicem 
subserrato-dentatis subcoriaceis penniveniis superne nitidis 
utrinque resinoso-punctatis margine tomentoso-ciliatis, C0- 
rymbis foemineis terminalibus laxis, involucri campanulati 
glabri squamis linearibus acutis apice ciliolatis, acheniis 
angulatis glabris. 

Has. Bare rocky places, on the very summit of the Organ 
Mountains. FI. March. 
Frutex subprostratus, vix pedalis. Folia sessilia, 1-13 poll. 

longa, 6-8 lin. lata, ad apicem ramulorum approximata. 

Flores foeminei basi tubulosi, apice dilatati 5-fidi, laciniis re- 

volutis, stylo exserto ; masculi ignoti. 

5785. Baccharis (Cuneifolie) alpestris; fruticosa, ramosa, 
erecta, viscosa, glabra, ramulis teretibus striatis, foliis vix 
petiolatis obovatis obtusis basi cuneatis penniveniis sef- 
ratis utrinque glabris margine junioribus praesertim tomen- 
toso-ciliatis, corymbis terminalibus congestis, involucri 
late campanulati multiflori squamis lineari-lanceolatis acutis, 
acheniis angulatis glabris. 

Has. Summit of the Organ Mountains, FI. March. 
Frutex pedalis et ultra. Folia 14-2 poll. longa, 1 12-15 
lin. lata, versus apicem ramulorum approximata. Flores | 
foeminei basi tubulosi apice dilatati 5-fidi, stylo exserto ; mas- : 
culi ignoti. 
5781. Baccharis (Oblongifoliæ) pyramidalis ; fruticost; 
erecta, ramosa, ramis teretibus apice angulato-striatis rami- 
lisque piloso-pubescentibus dense foliosis, foliis sessilibus 
lineari-lanceolatis acutis glabris margine revolutis uninet- 
viis, capitulis dense racemoso-paniculatis, pedicellis bas 
foliolosis, involucri campanulati squamis imbricatis ovato- 
oblongis glabris ciliolatis, interioribus longioribus, ach à 
glabris angulatis. 
Has. Moist bushy places, Organ Mountains, atan elevation. 
of about 5000 feet. FI, March. 


FLORA OF BRAZIL. 193 


Frutex 4-6 pedalis. Folia 15-18 lin. longa, 2-91 lin. lata. 
Flores fœminei flavi, truncati, basi dilatati, stylo longe ex- 
serto; masculi ignoti. 

507. Erigeron (Euerigeron) palustre; caule herbaceo erecto 
ramoso sulcato-striato puberulo-scabrido, foliis radicalibus 
longe petiolatis oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis grosse mu- 
cronato-dentatis utrinque setulis sparsis aspero-scabris, 
caulinis similibus sed minoribus sessilibus et semiamplexi- 
caulibus, summis lineari-lanceolatis integerrimis, capitulis 
ad apices ramorum solitariis corymbosis, involucri squamis 
lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis striatis subglanduloso-pubes- 
centibus margine fimbriato-ciliolatis, ligulis disco duplo et 
ultra longioribus. 

Has. In marshes, common on the Organ Mountains, at an 
elevation of about 3000 feet. FI. March and April. 
Herba 4-6-pedalis. Folia radicalia sesquipedalia 24 poll 

lata.  Ligule anguste lineares, apice 2-3-dentatæ, albe. 

Corolle disci flavæ. Anthere ecaudate. 

This species comes nearest to E. sulcatum, DC., from the 
Province of San Paulo; but is distinguished by its oblong- 
lanceolate, not oval, cauline leaves, pubescent, not glabrous, 
involucral scales, and shorter ligule. 

5787. Erigeron (Euerigeron) alpestre; caule herbaceo erecto 
ramoso sulcato-striato hirto, foliis radicalibus longe petio- 
latis oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis mucronato-dentatis 
supra pilosiusculis subtus glabriusculis, caulinis sessilibus 


amplexicaulibus ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis grosse mu- 


cronato-serrato-dentatis utrinque —piloso-pubescentibus, 
summis lineari-lanceolatis integerrimis, capitulis ad apices 
ramorum solitariis corymbosis, involucri squamis lineari- 
lanceolatis acuminatis striatis glanduloso-pubescentibus et 


sparse villosis margine ciliolatis, ligulis disco duplo lon- — - 


gioribus. 


Has. Moist bushy places on the Organ Mountains at M 2 


elevation of about 6000 feet. - 


Herba 2-3 pedalis. Folia radicalia 14- mon 2 pol 


124 FLORA OF BRAZIL. 


circiter lata.  Ligule lineari-subspathulate obtuse integre 
vel emarginatæ, alba. Corolle disci flave. Antheræ ecaudatæ: 
This species is distinguished from both E. sulcatum and 
E. palustre, by its hairy stem, very different cauline leav 
villous involucral scales, and its broader and shorter li- 
gules. ; 
377. Conyza (Dimorphanthes) rivularis ;* rhizomate suiiru 
ticoso, caule erecto subsulcato scabriusculo simplici, foliis 
sessilibus lanceolatis acuminatis distanter mucronato-set- 
ratis utrinque glabris uninerviis subtus punctatis, summis 
amplexicaulibus, paniculis corymbosis polycephalis, capi- 
tulis pedicellatis, involucri squamis lineari-lanceolatis acu! 
serrulatis. 
Has. On rocks in the bed of the Rio Paquequer in 
Organ Mountains. Fl. March. : 
Suffrutex 14-2-pedalis. Folia 33-4 poll. longa, 6-9 li 
lata. Flores masculi 8-10. 
Near C. arguta, Less., but has much broader leaves, : 
a greater number of male flowers. 


» 
M 


LzgvcoPopUuM. Genus novum. 


Cuar. Gen. Capitulum multiflorum heterogamum, floribus. 
radii multiserialibus foemineis sæpe abortientibus, corol 
tenuissima filiformi apice truncata pilosiuscula, disci pa 
hermaphroditis fertilibus tubulosis apice dilatatis 5-fi 
Involucri squamae biseriales, inæquales, lineares, obtusa, 
riosæ, demum deflexæ. Antherz vix exsertæ, appendict 
basi bisetose. Styli rami inclusi, divaricati, truncati, hisp 
Achænium cylindricum, scabriusculum, longe rostratum. F 
pus uniserialis, setis filiformibus scabriusculis.—Herba 


* No. 502 in my set. I have the same species amongst a set of 
Composite, which would induce a belief that it is the same as C. art 
Less., a plant very vaguely described in the Linnæa, v. 6, p. 138; but 
is certainly very unlike the C. friplinervia, Less., nor does it at all a 
with De Candolle's character of C. arguta.—G. B. 


FLORA OF BRAZIL. - 125 


nis, parvula, lanuginosa, Brasiliensis. Radix cespitosa, fibrosa. 

Caules plures, decumbentes, subtripollicares, ramosi, foliosi. 

Folia opposita, sessilia, lineari-lanceolata, mucronata, 4 lin. 

longa, integerrima, uninervia, reticulato-venosa. Pedunculi 

terminales, solitarii, elongati, dense lanuginosi, 1-cephali. Capi- 
tula oblongo-cylindrica. Flores flavi. Pappus rufescens. 

5787.* Leucopodum campestre. 

Has. Open grassy places, Organ Mountains, at an elevation 
of about 3500 feet. Fl. March. 

The little plant on which I have established this genus is 
related to Conyza and its allies, but differs from them all in 
| its caudate anthers, terete and rostrate achænia, and opposite 
leaves. 

499. Pluchea (Stylimnus) Organensis; herbacea, tota rufo- 
tomentosa, caule sulcato, foliis amplexicaulibus cordatis 
oblongis acutis serratis venoso-reticulatis, corymbo com- 
posito conferto, involucri squamis ovato-lanceolatis acutis 
dorso dense villoso-tomentosis disco brevioribus. 

Has. Open marshy places, Organ Mountains, at an eleva- 
tion of about 3000 feet. F1. April. 

: Herba 2-3-pedalis, apice corymboso-ramosa, foliosa. 

. Folia 23-8 poll. longa, 3-4 lin. lata. Capitula multiflora. 

: Flores favi, foeminei pluriseriales, 3-dentati, stylo exserto, 

. masculi plures. Antheræ exserte, caudate.  Achenium sul- 

. cato-angulatum. PE 

Near P. oblongifolia, and P. bifrons of DC. but abundantly — 
distinct from both. Seg ame 

. 506. Wedelia (Cyathophora) scandens ; caule fruticoso scan- 

. . dente, ramis albo-piloso-tomentosis teretibus, foliis petio- 

latis oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis basi rotundatis re- 

mote serrulatis triplinerviis supra piloso-scabridis subtus xd 

velutino-villosis, pedicellis solitariis elongatis, involucri Que 


.  *' There is some mistake in this No., as 5787 is properly — 
, above as a new Erigeron. The present plant may perhaps be 5788, © ae 
1 which I have no specimen,—G. B. 1 AP EUM TI 


126 . 'FLORA OF BRAZIL. 


squamis ovato-lanceolatis, achenio calyculo minimo 

piloso. 

Has. Organ Mountains, in bushy places by the sides of 
streams. Fl. February. 
Folia 2-44 poll. longa, 6-10 lin. lata. Petioli 2-3 lin. longi. 

Achenia apice pilosa. 
Near W. subvelutina, DC., but differs in being fruticose 

and scandent, and in having much longer pedicels. My 

n. 5523, from the Serra d’Estrella, is the same species, a little 

more villoses. 

511. Bidens (Psilocarpzea), speciosa; caule fruticoso 
dente tereti, ramulis teretibus striatis glabris vel pubes- 
centi-tomentosis, foliis petiolatis pinnati-vel tri- 
ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis minute et acute serratis Su 
glabriusculis subtus plus minusve pubescentibus, segments 
lateralibus sessilibus basi valde inæqualibus medio ma 
petiolato basi acuto, capitulis pedicellatis paniculatis 
diatis, involucri squamis subæqualibus acutis, exteriori 
reflexo-squarrosis ciliatis, acheniis compressis ad angu 
laterales dense piloso-ciliatis biaristatis. 

Has. Woods, Organ mountains, at an elevation of £ 
3000 feet. FI. March and April. 

Near B. fereticaulis, DC. but well marked by its 
cidedly striated stem, and laterally ciliated achenia. 
B. rubifolia, H. B. et Kunth, it is distinguishable by its oui 
not tetragonous stem. My n. 510, also from the C 
Mountains, is a tomentose variety of this species. 1t 
besides, smaller leaves, and the ligules are much longer 4 
narrower. 
5791. Senecio cuneifolius ; suffruticosus, erectus, glaber, © 

simplici, foliis breve petiolatis subcarnosis oblongis obtu 

basi cuneatis supra medium serratis, corymbo termi! 
conferto 12-15-cephalo, pedicellis ex axilla bracteæ Ln 
lanceolate ortis, involucro campanulato circa 13-p^? 
calyculato, flosculis 25-30, ligulis 5, acheniis § 
glabris, pappo corollam disci subequante.. | 


FLORA OF BRAZIL. 127 


Has. Summit of the Organ Mountains. Fl. March. 
Suffrutex bipedalis. Folia alterna, 20-22 lin. longa, 6-8 

lin.lata. Pedicelli 6-lin. circiter longi, uniflori. Involucri 

squamæ oblongis, acute, margine membranaceæ,  Floseuli 
lutei. 

514 et 5792. Senecio Organensis ; glabriuseulus aut subarach- 
noideo-tomentosus, caule erecto simplici valde sulcato, 
folüs petiolatis oblongis vel elliptico-oblongis utrinque 
acutiusculis grosse subduplicato-dentato-serratis, corymbo 
composito tomentoso, involucro turbinato cylindrico 10-12- 
phyllo, squamis accessoriis 5-6 linearibus ciliatis, flosculis 
20-25, ligulis 5, acheniis glabris, pappo corolam disci 
subæquante. 

Has. Moist bushy places near the summit of the Organ 
Mountains. 77. March and April. 

Herba perennis. Caules plures ex eadem radice, 2-5- 

. pedales, erecte foliose. Folia alterna, 5-7 poll. longa, 2-24 

. lata, supra viridia, subtus pallida. Involucri squame disco 

breviores, apice pubescentes, aut lineares acute aut 

oblonge obtuse, margine submembranaceæ.  Flosculi lutei. 

252. Senecio valerianæfolius ; herbaceus, glaberrimus, ramis 
erectis striatis, folüs petiolatis profunde pinnatifidis, laci- 
niis sub-5-jugis lineari-lanceolatis acutis serrato-dentatis, 
panicula ramosissima laxa subcorymbosa, involucro calycu- 
lato circiter 12-phyllo, floribus circiter 40 tubulosis, ache- 

. . Riis glabris, 

3 Haz. Open bushy places, Organ Mountains, at an eleva- 

. . tion of about 3000 feet. | RS 

. Herba annua, bipedalis, ramosa. Folia 4-5 poll. longa, 

| laciniis 1.13 poll. longis, 3-lin. circiter latis. ^ Flores 

. lutei, 

. 863. Flotovia (Erinesia) guinguenervis ; foliis breve petiolatis 


quinquinerviis supra glabris nitidis subtus adpresse villosis, — 


exterioribus ovatis dorso pubescentibus margine tomen- - 


inermibus oblongis acutis vel subacuminatis basi acutis - 


capitulis thyrsoideis 23-floris, involucri squamis inermibus, _ 


128 FLORA OF BRAZIL. 


toso-ciliatis, interioribus linearibus reflexis apice extus 
tomentosis, corollis basi extus glabris. 

Has. Woods, Organ Mountains, at an elevation of about 
3500 feet. FI. July. 
Frutex diffusus, spinosus. Spine gemine, 12-15 lin. 

longe. Folia 34-44 poll. longa, 18-21 lin. lata. Peduncu 

1-4-cephali pubescenti-tomentosi, 6-9 lin. longi, basi bracteati, 
bracteis lineari-lanceolatis, pungentibus. 

5794. Flotovia (Erinesia) leptacantha ; foliis breve petio 
apice spinosis elliptico-oblongis utrinque obtusis S 
glabris nitidis subtus ramulisque villosis, involucri squam 

 inermibus, exterioribus ovatis margine tomentoso-ciliat 
interioribus linearibus reflexis apice extus yillosis, co 
basi extus glabris. 

Has. In ravines, near the summit of the Orpit M 
tains. Fl. March. 
Frutex ramosissimus, spinosus 8 -12-pedalis. Folia trinervi 

10-12 lin. longa, 4-43 lin. lata. Capitula subsessilia, 20-f 
My n. 516, also from the Organ Mountains, but at a low 

elevation, is a variety of this plant, with leaves 

double the size, and less villous beneath. 

5793. Achyrophorus (Oreophila) Brasiliensis ; caule glat 
striato ramoso foliis duplo breviore, foliis radicalibus lon! 
petiolatis lineari-oblongis subsinuato-dentatis acuti 
supra sparse pilosis, summis linearibus integerrimis, ped 
culis elongatis bracteatis unifloris, involucri subtor 
toso-pubescentis squamis lineari-lanceolatis, intimis. 
acuminatis, acheniis glabris vix rostratis. 

Has. Moist open places, summit of the Organ Moun 
Fl. March. 
Herba perennis. Caulis erectus, ramosus, 14-peé 

Folia radicalia 8-9 poll. longa, 4-5 lin. lata, basi in petic 

attenuata. — Involucri squame biseriales, basi calyc 

Pappus uniserialæ, setis filiformibus, plumosis. 


. LOBELIACEX. T 
5798. Lobelia (Rapuntium) Organensis; glaberrima 


FLORA OF BRAZIL. 129 


stricto simplicissimo, foliis sessilibus superne confertis longe 
lanceolatis acutis basi subattenuatis minute denticulatis, 
racemo pyramidali terminali densifloro, bracteis foliaceis 
deflexis lanceolatis acuminatis pedicello deflexo-cur- 
vato longioribus, tubo calycis hemispherico, lobis linea- 
ribus acuminatis basi latis tubo corolle dimidio et ultra 
brevioribus, lobis corolla omnibus angustis acuminatis, 
labio inferiore trifido, antheris laciniis brevioribus, 2 infe- 
. rioribus apice barbatis. 

. Has. Moist open rocky places, Organ Mountains, at an 
elevation of about 5000 feet. FI. March. 

. Herba 6-8-pedalis. Folia 15 poll. longa, 13 lata. Corolla 
cyanea. Semina alata. 


GESNERIACES, 


| 470 et 5799. Gesneria salviefolia; caule fruticoso erecto 

. ramoso teretiusculo glabro, ramis junioribus fulvo-tomen- 
tosis, foliis oppositis petiolatis oblongis utrinque acutis 
serratis supra strigoso-pilosis subtus tomentosis, pedicellis 
axillaribus geminis unifloris calycibusque tomentosis folio 
brevioribus, calycis lobis lanceolatis acuminatis, corolla 
tubulosa subventricosa extus minute pubescenti-tomen- 

... tosa, lobis patulis rotundatis subæqualibus. 

Has, Open rocky places, Organ Mountains, at an elevation 

of about 5000 feet. Fi. April. 

Frutex 6-10-pedalis. Folia ad apicem ramulorum ap- 
proximata, 23-3 poll longa, 10-12 lin. lata. Corolle 
Coccineæ, 15 lin. longe. Stylus glaber staminaque in- 
clusa. 

471 et 5800. Gesneria leptopus; caule fruticoso erecto ra- 
moso teretiusculo glabro, foliis oppositis petiolatis obovatis 
aut ellipticis acuminatis basi acutis serratis utrinque pilo- - 
siusculis subtus pallidis, pedicellis axillaribus solitariis 


natis pilosiusculis, corollæ cylindricæ extus pubescentis 
lobis patulis rotundatis subequalibus. — — 1 ; ET ce) 
VOL. IV. Howe om 


unifloris folio brevioribus, calycis lobis lanceolatis acumi- = o 


130 FLORA OF BRAZIL. 


Has. Rocky bushy places, Organ Mountains, at an eleva- 
tion of about 3500 feet. 
Frutex 2-4-pedalis. Folia 3-35 poll. longa, 1-13 poll. lata. 

P acr 21 lin. longi, graciles, glabri. Corolle coccineæ, 
1i-poll.longe. Stylus glanduloso-pilosus staminaque inclusa. 

Con pilosum. ; 


VACCINIES. : 7 
5804. Gaylussacia bracteata; caule fruticoso ramoso, ramis 3 
villosis, foliis petiolatis oblongis junioribus præsertin | 
utrinque acutiusculis calloso-mucronatis margine Te 
volutis subserrulatis utrinque villosiusculis vix polli- - 
caribus, racemis pallidis axillaribus solitariis folio lon- 
gioribus, bracteis ovato-lanceolatis”acutis apiculatis ciliatis. 
laciniis calycinis subulatis villoso-ciliatis, corollis ventr- 
coso-tubulosis glabris. 
Has. Summit of the Organ Mountains. Fl. March. | 
Frutex bipedalis. Folia supra viridia, subtus pallide fer 
ruginea. i 
5805. Gaylussacia villosa; tota incano-villosa, caule fruti 
coso ramoso, folis petiolatis oblongo-ellipticis obtusi 
calloso-mucronatis basi subattenuatis acutiusculis mar 
gine revolutis subcrenulatis reticulatis — pollicaribus 
racemis pallidis axillaribus solitariis folio longioribus. 
bracteis ovato-lanceolatis apiculatis, laciniis calycinis bre- 
vibus ovatis acutis pilosis, corollis ventricoso- tubulosis 
villosis, fructibus villosus. 
Has. Near the summit of the Organ Mountains. | 
March. : fure 
Frutex 4-pedalis. Folia reticulato-venosa, venis utrind! 
prominentibus, 
474 et 5806. Gaylussacia octosperma; glaberrima, caule 
fruticoso, foliis oblongis obtusis breviter calloso- mucro- 
natis basi cuneato-attenuatis integerrimis aut vet 
apicem vix crenulatis penniveniis subtus punctatis 
racemis axillaribus solitariis folio longioribus, di; 
parvis lanceolatis acutis ciliolatis, laciniis calycinis D: 
bus ovatis acutis ciliatis. : 


vg 


FLORA OF BRAZIL. 191 


Has. Organ Mountains, at an elevation of from 5-6000 feet. 

Fl. March. 

Frutex bipedalis. Folia 8-10 lin. longa, 3 circiter lata. 
Corolla ignota. Drupa globosa, in sicco 8-sulcata, 8-locu- 
laris, loculis monospermis. Sue 
5807. Gaylussacia parvifolia; fruticosa, ramosa, ramis vil- 

loso-tomentosis, foliis petiolulatis ellipticis utrinque 

obtusis calloso-mucronatis margine reflexis minute 
crenulatis utrinque villosis supra demum  glabriusculis 

semipollicaribus, racemis terminalibus abbreviatis 2-4- 

foris, bracteis ovato-lanceolatis acutis ciliatis, laciniis 

calycinis acuminatis tuboque villosis, corollis ventricoso- 
tubulosis angulatis pilosiusculis. | 

Haz. Summit of the Organ Mountains. FI. March. 
Frutex vix pedalis. Corolla alba, laciniis oblongis obtusis 


reflexis. 


5808. Gaylussacia angulata ; glaberrima, caule fruticoso 
ramoso, ramis angulatis, foliis oblongis obtusis breviter 
mucronatis basi attenuatis minute crenato-serrulatis 
supra nitidis reticulato-venosis, racemis axillaribus 
solitariis angulatis folio longioribus, bracteis oblongo- 
lanceolatis apiculatis ciliatis, laciniis calycinis brevibus 
ovatis obtusis ciliatis. 

Has. Organ Mountains, at an elevation of about 6000 feet. 
Fl. March. 

Frutex 4-pedalis. Folia 12-15 lin. longa, 4} circiter lata. - 
Corolla ignota, Drupa subglobosa, 10-locularis. m 
5809. Gaylussacia fasciculata; caule fruticoso apice fasci- 

Culato-ramoso, ramis glabris, foliis petiolatis. oblongo: 

ellipticis obtusis apieulatis apiculo obtuso calloso basi 

subcuneatis margine revolutis supra medium subserratis 
utrinque glabris coriaceis pollicaribus, junioribus utrinque 

Pilosis, racemis pallidis axillaribus solitariis folio breviori- 


bus calycibusque pubescentibus, bracteis membranace i E: ` 


ovatis ellipticis obtusis ciliolatis, laciniis calycinis 


ovatis acutis, corollis ventricoso-tubulosis glabris. — ; ruv 


coo Ms 


139 FLORA OF BRAZIL. 


Has. Organ Mountains, at an elevation of about 4000 feet. 
F1. March. 
Frutex 1-2-pedalis. Folia supra viridia, nitida, subtus 
pallide ferruginea. Corolla angulata, dentata, dentibus 
reflexis. Stylus subexsertus. 


ERICACEA. 


475 et 5802. Leucothoe (Agastia) Organensis ; glabra, ramis —— 
dense fastigiatis, ramulis angulatis, folis petiolatis ovato- | d 
ellipticis obtusis mucronatis basi cordatis margine valde - 
revolutis integerrimis coriaceis reticulato-venosis, racemis - 
axillaribus  trifloris puberulis folio brevioribus, flori- — 
bus pedicellatis, corollis ovato-cylindricis, ovario gla- 
bro. i 

Has. In Sphagnum bogs on the Organ Mountains, at an 
elevation of about 6000 feet. F1. January. 
Frutex 4-6-pedalis. Folia conferta, 6-9 lin. longa, 31-4 - 

lin. lata, supra nitida. Calyx 5-partitus, laciniis ovatis 

acutis puberulis. Corolle albæ?, sub-3 lin. longs, ore - 

contracte. Capsula depressa, hemisphærica. E 


ILICINEZ. 


5696. Ilex buxifolia ; glaberrima, folis parvis elliptico- 
lanceolatis acutis vel interdum obtusis coriaceis üninerviis 
integris margine subrevolutis breve petiolatis supra viri- 
dibus nitidis subtus pallidioribus, pedunculis axillaribus 
trifloris, calyce 4-6-fido, corolla 4-6-partita, drupa 4-6- 
pyrena. 

Has. Bushy places near the summit of the Organ Moun- 
tains. FI. March. 

Frutex 4-6-pedalis, ramosissimus. Rami cinerei, dense 
foliosi. Folia 6-8 lin. longa, 21-3 lin. lata, petiolo 14 lin. 
longo. Racemi folio breviores. Calyx parvus, laciniis late 
ovatis obtusis. Corolla vix lineam longa, alba, laciniis 
ovatis acutiusculis, æstivatione imbricatis. 


Has. Summit of the Organ Mountains. F1. March. 


apicem ramulorum conferta, subpollicaria, 6 lin. lata. F 


GB 


FLORA OF BRAZIL. 133 


LABIAT. 


5827. Salvia (Calosphace) macrocalyz ;* caule fruticoso 


erecto ramoso, ramis tetragonis villoso-subtomentosis, 
foliis brevissime petiolatis oblongo-lanceolatis acutis mi- 
nute serratis supra villosis subtus tomentosis, floralibus 
parvis sessilibus ovato-rotundatis acutis supra glaberrimis 
subtus tomentosis deciduis, racemis simplicibus, verticil- 
lastris 4-8-floris, calycibus campanulatis dense fulvo- 
lanatis, labio superiore integro obtuso, inferiore bifido 
dentibus acutis, corollis calyce dimidio longioribus extus 
lanuginosis, labio superiore erecto, inferiore breviore in- 
tegro apice bidentato, connectivis postice deflexis linearibus 
longitudinaliter connatis, stylo barbato. 


Han. Woods between the Organ Mountains and Novo 


Friburgo. F1. April. : 
Frutex 4-6-pedalis, ramosus. Folia 2 poll. longa, 9 lin. 


lata. Racemi 6-9 poll. longi. Calyx campanulatus, 9-10 
lin. longus, 6 lin. latus. Corolla pallide coccinea, 1j poll. 
longa. Stylus exsertus. 


VERBENACEZÆ. 


5829. Lippia £riplinervis ; fruticosa, erecta, ramosa, ramis 


piloso-pubescentibus, foliis confertis oppositis brevissime 
petiolatis ellipticis obtusis basi subcuneatis triplinerviis 
supra medium crenato-serratis utrinque adpresse pilosius- - 
culis subtus punctatis, pedunculis axillaribus solitariis. 
folia subæquantibus, capitulis hemisphæricis laxis pauci- 
floris, bracteis ovatis obtusis pilosis tubo corollæ bre- 
vioribus. 


Frutex bipedalis, ramosus, ramis fastigiatis. Folia ad Ss 


* This is a perfectly distinct species, allied to S. Maridnd, Mart.— 


134 FLORA OF BRAZIL. 


rosei. Calyx cylindricus, 5-dentatus, subbilabiatus. Stigma 
oblique capitatum. Fructus ignotus. 
5830. Ægiphila lanuginosa; tota pagina superiore foliorum 
excepta fulvo-tomentosa lanuginosa, amis compresso-te- 
tragoris, foliis breve petiolatis oppositis oblongo, lanceola- 
tis acuminatis basi acutis margine revolutis integerrimis 
supra glaberrimis nitidis, cymis axillaribus multifloris pe- 
‘dunculatis, calycibus bilabiatis labiis utrinque bidentatis, 
corolla glabra. 
Has. Woods, Organ Mountains, at an elevation of about 
4000 feet. FI. March. : 
Frutex 6-pedalis. Folia 5-6 pollices longa, 14 poll. 
lata. Petioli 9 lin. longi. Pedunculi folio breviores. Flores 
tetrameri. Corolla infundibuliformis, laciniis oblongis acutis, 
tubo æqualibus. Filamenta infra lacinias inserta iisdem 
paulo breviora. Antheræ oblongæ. Stylus apice bifidus. 
Fructus ignotus. 


BEGÓNIACEÆ. 


602. Begonia confertiflora ; suffruticosa, erecta, ramosa, ramis 
pedunculis petiolisque hirsutis, foliis subinæquilateris 
oblongis acuminatis basi subcordatis minute serrato-den- 
tatis supra glabris subtus nervo medio hirsutis, stipulis 
magnis oblongis obtusis basi attenuatis, cymis axillaribus 
dichotomis multifloris, capsüle alis subæqualibus T9 
tundatis. 

Has. Organ Mountains, in virgin forests, at an "me 
of about 3000 feet. FI. March. 

Suffrutex 3-4-pedalis. Folia 8 poll. longa, 23 poll. lata, 
supra viridia, subtus pallida. Flores conferti. Capi 
3 lin. circiter longa, subglobosa. 

Near B. ulmifolia, H. B. et K., but with leaves more than 
twice the size, and nearly equal capsular wings. 
605 et 5844. Begonia reticulata; herbacea, erecta, ramos 

glaberrima, foliis valde obliquis cordatis oblongis acumi- 

natis angulatis irregulariter serrato-dentatis basi 3-4-ner" 
viis, stipulis membranaceis eleganter reticulato-venosi$ - 


FLORA OF BRAZIL. 135 


panicula dichotoma, floribus roseis fœmineis basi bibrac- 
teatis, bracteis coloratis ovatis acutis, petalis 5 subinæqua- 
libus ovatis vel ovato-oblongis obtusis, capsule alis duabus 
parvis, tertia majori rotundata. 

Has. In dry woods on the Organ Mountains, at an eleva- 
tion of upwards of 6000 feet. FI. March. 

Herba basi suffruticosa, bipedalis. Folia 4 poll. longa, 

15 lin. lata, supra viridia, subtus pallida. 

Apparently near B. pulehella, Raddi, but distinguished by 
the unequal wings of the capsule. 

606. Begonia Hookeriana; fruticosa, erecta, ramosa, minute 
rufo-lepidoto tomentosa, foliis valde inæquilateris fere 
pedalibus acutis basi subcordatis duplicato-dentato-serratis, 
stipulis coriaceis oblongo-lanceolatis, cymis axillaribus 
dichotomis multifloris, floribus parvulis, foemineorum 
petalis 5 oblongis obtusis æqualibus, capsula subglobosa, 
alis 3 æqualibus rotundatis. 

Has. In dense virgin forests in the Organ Mountains, at an 
elevation of about 3000 feet. Fl. February. 

Frutex 5-6-pedalis. Folia 10-12-pollicaria, 4-5 poll. lata, 
pennivenia. 


PRoTEACEX. 


615. Rhopala Organensis; arborea, ramulis compresso-angu- 
latis, petiolis spicis floribusque pubescenti-tomentosis, foliis 
alternis pinnatis, foliolis 4-5-jugis oblongis vel ellipticis 
acutis basi inæqualibus acute serratis supra glabris subtus 
pubescentibus reticulatis, spicis axillaribus folio bre- 
vioribus. 

Has. Rare, in forests on the Organ Mountains, at an eleva- 
tion of about 3500 feet. FI. February. 

. , Arbor 60.pedalis, Foliola 21-34 poll. longa, 12-15 lin. 

lata, Glandule hypogyne 4, distinctæ. 


THYMELACEZ. 


foliis alternis breve petiolatis elliptico-oblongis obtusis 


* , 


: 5849. Lagetta alpestris; dioica, frutica, subdichotomo-ramosa, 


136 NEW SPECIES OF MAMILLARIA. 


basi subcuneatis margine revolutis utrinque glaberrimis, 
pedunculis axillaribus solitariis bifloris folio brevioribus, 
floribus: subsessilibus, perigonio 4-fido, lobis rotundatis 
utrinque pubescentibus. 

Has. Bushy places on the Organ Mountains, at an elevation 
of from 5-6000 feet. Fl. March. | 
Frutex 4-pedalis. Folia ad apicem ramulorum approximata, 

14.2 poll. longa, 8-10 lin. lata. Perigonium tubulosum de- 

ciduum. Ovulum.unicum. Stylus brevissimus terminalis. 

Stigma capitatum, echinatum. Drupa ovata, monosperma, 

4 lin. circiter longa. 5 


MoniIMIACE2. 

5863.. Tetratome cinerea; foliis oblongo-ellipticis acuminatis 

basi acutis versus apicem distanter argute serratis margine 

subrevolutis, pedunculis masculis axillaribus fasciculatis 

vel subracemosis trifloris, perigonio campanulato extus 

. cinereo adpresse pilosiusculo quadrifido. 

Has. Woods in the Organ Mountains, at an elevation of 
about 4000 feet. FI. January. 

Frutex 6-pedalis, ramosus. Rami teretes, ad petiolorum 
insertionem compressi. Folia opposita, petiolata, 41 poll. 
longa, 21 lin. lata. Petioli vix 3 lin. longi. Perigonium - 
13 lin. longum, laciniis subæqualibus duabus rotundatis 
acutis, duabus irregulariter inciso-lobatis. Stamina 16 cit- 
citer, serie triplici parieti interiori perigonii inserta, subsessilia. 
Anthere compressæ, subrotundæ, biloculares, loculis circum- 
ferentia dehiscentibus. ue 

Kandy, Ceylon, Sept. 22, 1844. 


A Brief Description of a New Species of MAMILLARIA 
in the Royal Botanic Gardens of Kew; by FREDERICK 
ScnEER, Esq. 


MAMILLARIA VoBuRNENSIS, Scheer. : 
(Distributione Horti Voburnensis percognita). __ 

M. lactescens cylindrica vertice convexa basi et suf l 

prolifera : axillis mox lanatis et setosis ; mamillis brev 


- 


ON THE HUON PINE, &C ` 137 


subovatis, ad basin latis confertis, superne repandis, faciebus 
superioribus polyédris cum inferioribus rotundatis, obseure 
viridibus et versus apicem rubris ; areolis apicem mamillarum 
positis, albo.lanatis mox nudis; aculeis exterioribus sub 9 
(3^ longis) subæqualibus irregulariter patentibus incurva- 
tulis eburneis 4 inferioribus nec non longioribus, centralibus 
1-2 duplo longioribus, nascentibus brunneis deinde etiam 
eburneis brunneo.sphacelatis rectis erectis, omnibus rigidis 
subulatis. 

Patria Guatimala. Flores nondum vidi. 

Altitudo Plante 2“. 

Diameter 11^. 

À Mamillarid versicolore (Scheid. Bulletin de l'Acad. de 
Berl. V. 494) omnino preter colorem differt. 


On the Huon Pine, and on Microcacurys, a New Genus 
of Conirerzx from Tasmania ; together with Remarks upon 
the Geographical Distribution of that Order in the Southern 
Hemisphere ; by Josera Darron Hooker, M.D. R.N., 
Botanist to the Antarctic Expedition. 


(With a Plate. Tas. VI.) 


Long as the Island of Tasmania has been colonized by 
Europeans, its noblest trees, and those too belonging to that 
most readily recognized and important Natural Order (the 


“ Pines”), have, until quite lately, been little understood 


by Botanists. Whilst the continent of Australia was - 
known to possess numerous species of Callitris and Podo- 
carpus, and New Zealand has been celebrated as yielding a 
remarkable proportion of Conifere, Tasmania was generally 


Supposed to produce much fewer of these most useful trees. — 
Such, however, is not in reality the case;fortheislandinques- —— 


tion is now proved to contain a greater number of species in 
_ Proportion to its area, and these of more peculiar forms, than 
any other country. The fact of their having so long rem: ine 
unknown, or at least unrecorded, is mainly owing to the indi- 


* 


= Yiduals of each species being either very few in number, or 


138 ON THE HUON PINE, &c. 


else remarkably local, and consequently confined within narrow 
areas; and further, to the want of an intelligent class of 
natives, such as inhabit New Zealand, who may direct the 
man of science, or the settler, to what tradition and expe- 
rience have taught the aboriginal inhabitant to value in his 
savage state. Many of the species, also, are limited to 
the more remote and almost inaccessible parts of the island ; 
only bearing flowers after attaining a considerable size, and 
they are not easily procured in a state fit for examination. 
Such is eminently the case with the Huon Pine: it is con- 
fined to the western and southern parts of the colony, grow- 
ing in dense forests, or amongst inountains covered with a - 
vegetation the most difficult to penetrate. It has been seen — 
by few Europeans, save the wood-cutter or the convict; 
itself being the only inducement for a Botanist to visit that 
tempestuous and rainy quarter of Tasmania. Mr. Gunn, 
to whom the botany of this part of the globe is so greatly 
indebted, and to whose zeal and perseverance we owe the 
discovery of nearly one half of its Conifere, never found | 
the Huon Pine in its native state; and of the three men of. 
science who have done so, Sir J. Franklin, Mr. Backhouse, 
and Mr. A. Cunningham, the latter alone has been able to 
procure fructification, and that but imperfect. : 
Next to the Huon Pine, the species called the Celery-topped z 
or Adventure-Bay Pine, is the best known to the colonists, - 
as well as the most widely diffused ; and until these very few — 
years, none other was described by Botanists. It is the Po- 
docarpus aspleniifolia of its discoverer, Labillardière, the dis- 
tinguished naturalist and historiographer of D'Entrecas- 
teaux's Voyage. : 
The Oyster-Bay Pine, a species of the widely distributed - 
Australian genus, Callitris, is the only other coniferous ; 
plant commonly known amongst the colonists of Tasmania. 
It is true that a large district in the interior is called the 
Pine-marshes ; and a river given off from it bears the same 
name; but, unless a species of Arthrotaxis which I procured 
in its bed, at a considerable distance from its source, 4 


ON THE HUON PINE, &c. 139 


far from the locality of the Pines themselves, can be consi- 
dered as a voucher for the vegetation of the marshes in 
question, we must confess ourselves still ignorant of any 
plant so abundant as to have suggested an appellation for an 
area perhaps as large as Middlesex, though in an island. 
smaller than Ireland. i 

In 1825, Mirbel's Paper on the Geographical Distribution 
of the Conifere appeared, in which Mr. Brown enumerated, 
besides many other new individuals of this Order, two from 
Tasmania : the Podocarpus alpina, Br., which inhabits the 
summit of Mount Wellington, and Callitris Australis, Br., or 
the Oyster-Bay Pine. These, with the Podocarpus asplenii- 
folia of Labillardière, were the only Conifere known to grow 
in this island, until the collections of the late lamented 
Mr. Lawrence arrived, containing a species of Podocarpus ? 
which has been seen by no subsequent Botanist. In 1810 
Mr. Cunningham gathered the Huon-Bay Pine in an imper- 
fect State, and from his specimens the fructification will be 
here described. Lastly, in 1836, Mr. Gunn discovered no 
fewer than three species of the genus Arthrotazis, and another 
Pine belonging to a new genus to be here described (Micro- 
cachrys, nob.) ; since which he has added a second Callitris, 
increasing the number of Conifere from four to ten. Arthro- 
taxis was founded by the late Professor Don,* on two of 
Mr. Gunn’s plants contained in Dr. Lindley’s herbarium. 

Before proceeding to an enumeration of the Tasmanian 
Conifere, | may be allowed to offer a few remarks on the 
distribution of that Order in the southern portion of our 
globe, seeing it has been so greatly augmented since the pub- 
lication of Mirbel’s valuable Memoir.t 

One of the most striking features of the Conifere in the E 
Southern Hemisphere is their general dissimilarity to those of 
the Northern. Yet, although the genera be fewer in num- 


* Don in Linn. Trans. v. 18, p. 171. “ee ae 
T Vide Mirbel, in Mémoires du Muséum, v. 13, p. 38. Le n [9 ieu 


ber, they have an equally wide range; while their species, - ; s x 
though bearing a larger proportion to the genera, are confined = 


140 ON THE HUON PINE, &c. 


within much narrower limits. Thus, out of the ten genera, 
and between fifty and sixty species, scattered over the sur- 
face of the globe south of the Equator, Arthrotaxis and 
Microcachrys (Hook. fil.) are the only two that are restrict- 
ed to a single locality. Of the first of these there are but three 
species, all limited to an area not greater than Yorkshire. 
Araucaria, on the other hand, of which there are five known 
species, has them very widely dispersed, only one country, 
Australia, presenting two of them. 

Although some uncertainty still exists respecting the kinds 
of Conifere inhabiting the vast tracts of the Cape Colony, 
and the rarely visited mountains of Chili and Patagonia, 
those of Australia and New Zealand are now so well under- 
stood, that the following notices may be considered as probable 
approximations to their actual distribution. : 

I. AnAUCARIA;* Juss. This genus includes five known 
species, each with a remarkably narrow range, though 
together they form a widely diffused genus: 1. A. excelsd, 
Aiton, the Norfolk Island Pine, is probably confined to that 
island ; one of the Australian species (A. Cunningham) which 
had Deiri supposed the same, having proved very distinct 
from it, and the New Caledonian one not being fully authen- 
ticated. 2. A. Bidwilli, Hook. (in Lond. Journ of Bot. 
v. 1, p. 503, t. X.) is a noble and recently discovered tree 
of the Brisbane Mountains, near Moreton Bay, New 
Holland. 3. A. Cunninghami, Aiton, the Moreton Bi 
Pine grows on the shores of the waters of the same country. 
4. A. imbricata, Pavon, the * Banksian" or Chili Pine,” 15 
confined to the Chilian Andes, between the parallels | of 
37° and 46°. 5. A. Brasiliensis, the Brazilian Pine, is in- 
digenous on the mountains of South Brazil, in the neigh- 


* This genus has lately been broken up into two; the first containing 
the Brazilian and the Chilian species, for which the name Araucaria has 
been reserved ; to the other, which includes the A. Cunninghami and A. €t 
celsa, Salisbury's name of Eutassa is given. The A. Bidwilli w 
belong to draucaria, as thus limited. The validity of these — has 
hardly been acknowledged by Botanists: 


ON THE HUON PINE, &c. 141 


bourhood of Rio de Janeiro, and is more abundant in the 
province of St. Paul's (as I was informed in that country). It 
is not improbable that the species, stated to have been found 
in New Caledonia by Cook, may prove distinct from any of 
the above. 

II. Dammara, Lam. 1. D. australis, Lamb. the Kaudi, 
Cowdie, or Kauri Pine of New Zealand, grows on the 
mountainous regions in the Northern Island of that group. 
Mr. Hinds, in his description of the vegetation of the Fejee 
Islands, mentions a species said to exist there. (vide Lond. 
Journ. Bot. v. 1, p. 671.) 

? Il. Juniperus, L. 1.J. uvifera, is described by Don as a 
native of Cape Horn; this, however, must be considered 
a very doubtful species. A second is mentioned by Mirbel, 
J. Capensis, Lam. 

IV. Tausa, L. This genus, in the Southern Hemisphere, 
belongs almost exclusively to South America. 1. T. Chilensis, 
Hook, (T. cuneata, Dombey mss.? T. Andina, Poeppig,) grows 
on the mountains of S. Chili, Valdivia, &c. | 2. T. tetragona, 
Hook. is the famous “ Alerse" of Chili and of the Island of 
Chiloe* 4. T. Doniana, Hook. is a native of the northern 
island of New Zealand. 

? V. Cupressus, L. 1. C. Africana, Mill. mentioned also 
by Mirbel, is probably a species of the following genus. 

VI. PaenvLEPis, Brongn. Three species are enumerated 
by Brongniart, who founded this genus.t 1. P. Commersoni, 


from Mauritius. 2. P. cupressoides,and 3. P. juniper ides, — 
both from the Cape; the latter is doubtful, and perhaps not  — 


distinct from the former. Besides these there is another 
Cape plant in the Hookerian Herbarium, named Cal- 
litris stricta, Schlect. mss. (Drège) ; but as the scales of this 
genus vary much in form with age, I could not pronounce 
the imperfect specimens distinct. Dr. Wallich has sent 


* London Journal of Botany, v. 3. p. 144. t. m1. 
t Ann, Sc, Nat, v. 30, p. 176. 


142 ON THE HUON PINE &c. 


another Pachylepis from South Africa certainly distinct from | 
P. cupressoides, which may however be the C. stricta. 

VII. Cauurrris, Vent. Of this genus there are probably 
at least twelve or fifteen individuals in Australia. The 
North African C. quadrivalvis, is still retained in Callitris 
by M. Brongniart, who removes the S. African species to 
Pachylepis. I am, however, inclined to think that the forms — 
from these three widely separated localities will eventually s 
prove to belong to one and the same genus. Spach more. 
recently breaks up Callitris into three genera, confining that 
name to the original N. African plant, and applying Mirbel's - 
name of Frenela to the Australian species. 

VIII. Arruroraxis, Don. Founded on two Tas- 
manian plants, 1. A. selaginoides, and 2. A. cupressoides ; t0 
these another has been added, 3. A. laxifolia, Hook. (Ie 
Plant. t. 573). 

IX. Micnocacnnys, Hook. fil. vid. infra, comprising 4 : 
single species, discovered by Mr, Gunn in the interior 
Tasmania. 

X. Popocarrus, L’Hér. The most extensive of all the 
southern genera of Conifere, upon which Mr. Bennett has 
published an excellent dissertation.* There are three species 
from Australia, 1. P. elata, Br. 2. P. spinulosa, Br. 3. P. ensi 
folia, Br. ;—and two from Tasmania, 4. P. alpina, Br., 5. 
Lawrencii (vid. infra). Six inhabit the New Zealand Islands 
6. P. spicata, the Mai or Matai. 7. P. ferruginea, Don, the 
Miro or Maira. 8. P. Totarra, Don, the Totarra. 9. P. da- 
crydioides, A. Rich., the most abundant of the New 
species in the — of the Bay of Islands, * Kai 
katia” of the natives. 10. P.? biformis, Hook. 11. P. ni- 
valis, Hook. (Ic. Plant. t. 582), this is possibly a variety or 
alpine state of the P. Totarra. In Chili there are also sever? 
species, perhaps not less than three: 12. P. Chilina, Rich. 
this, and two others, are in the Hookerian Herbarium. 


T 


* Plante Javanicæ rariores, p. 40. 


ON THE HUON PINE, &c. 143 


There are two Brazilian, and lastly, three Cape species of 
this genus, making about thirty southern species in all. 

XI. Dacrypium, Banks; a much rarer genus than the 
former. 1. D. cupressinum, Sol. the Dimou Pine of New 
Zealand. 2. D. Colensoi, Hook. (Ic. Plant. t. 548) from the 
same island. 3. D. /azifolium,* n. sp.; also from New Zea- 
land. 4. D. Franklinii, Hook. fil., the Huon Pine; vide infra. 

XII. PayLLocuapus, Rich. 1. P. aspleniifolia, Rich. 
* Celery-topped Pine? of Tasmania, and 2. P. trichoma- 
noides, Don, the “ Tauehaha" of the New Zealanders. 

From the above list it will be seen that four genera are pe- 
culiar to the Southern Hemisphere, Araucaria, Phyllocladus, 
Microcachrys, and Arthrotaxis. Three others have their 
maximum to the south of the tropies, Callitris, Podocarpus, 
and Dacrydium. Dammara has one species in each hemi- 
sphere. Thuja is equally divided between the two; whilst 
Juniperus and Cupressus are barely, if at all, represented, ex- 
cept perhaps the latter by Arthrotazis. 


* 


* DacRYDIUM laxifolium, Hook, fil.; caule humili fruticoso, ramis pro- 
stratis laxe ramosis gracilibus, foliis undique insertis sparsis patentibus 
linearibus obtusis coriaceis supra concavis supremis imbricatis ovatis 
multo brevioribus dorso carinatis, fructibus terminalibus solitariis 
erectis, 


Haz. New Zealand, near the summit of Tongariro. Mr. Bidwill (No. 5), 
Colenso (No. 60.) ae 
ether or not the present be an alpine form of some larger species, 
lam unable to say. It is marked by Mr. Bidwill as “ Rima,” from dE 
Which I suppose that gentleman considered this plant to be a state 
Of the D. cupressinum ; but it is a wholly different species from that, in no- 
Way resembling what might from analogy be assumed as the mountain 
vem of that tree. Iam indeed more inclined to suppose it a strictly 
alpine species, like the Podocarpus alpina, Br. of Tasmania, which is 
only known as a small mountain plant. The leaves of the present are 
very lax on the stem, like those of a Sedum, patent and more flaccid 


is usual amongst the Conifere; the largest are not above two linesin —— 
gth, convex or keeled below, and more or less concave above; they are — — 


Contracted at the base and not decurrent on the branches: those at the — — 
"Pes are much smaller and closely imbricated. The whole length —— 

of our specimens of the entire plant, which are very good, does not exceed. 
“Span. The fruits are abundant, terminal, and erect. —— 


144 ON THE HUON PINE, &c. 


If we divide the regions which these Conifere inhabit into 
four, namely Australia, New Zealand, South America and 
South Africa, it will appear that they are very unequally 
diffused, and. that their relative abundance is not regulated 
by the extent of surface, which might be expected to be the 
case with a group composed of peculiarly local species. Only - 
one of the genera is common to them all, Podocarpus, it 
is in all respects the most widely diffused genus of Conifere, 
as it is one of the most extensive. Araucaria comes next, 
being found in three of the regions, Australia, New Zealand," 
S. America. Thuja has been detected in two only, America 
and New Zealand; Callitris, including Pachylepis, in Aus- - 
tralia and Africa; Dacrydium and Phyllocladus in Australia — 
and New Zealand. Juniperus is confined to America, if. 
indeed it really exists in the Southern Hemisphere, and 
Arthrotaxis and Microcachrys to Tasmania. 

In conclusion, I shall arrange the genera in the order of | 
their relative abundance in the countries specified above. 

I. Ausrrauia is by far the richest, containing as it does - 
seven genera and probably twenty-six species, thus: Cal- 
litris 12, Podocarpus 6, Arthrotaxis 3, Araucaria 2, Micro- 
cachrys 1, Dacrydium 1, Phyllocladus 1. It also exhibits the 
most striking coniferous vegetation, and is the only country 
possessing any two peculiar genera. 

II. New ZEALAND contains of Podocarpus 6, Dacry- 
dium 3, Thuja 1, Phyllocladus 1, Dammara 1, Araucaria 15 
six genera and thirteen species. In Phyllocladus and Dacry- - 
dium it partakes of the Flora of Australia, and in Zhuja that 
of America. | 

HI. America ; Podocarpus 4, Thuja 2, Araucaria 2, 
Juniperus 1 ;? four genera and eight or perhaps nine species. 

IV. Arrica; Podocarpus 2, Callitris (Pachylepis) perhaps — 
3, Juniperus 1? three genera and six species; the affinity tO 
the Conifere of Australia, through Callitris, is manifest. — 

From this it appears that the number of species 


* [ include Norfolk Island in the New Zealand division. 


ON THE HUON PINE, &c. 145 


increases in proceeding to the westward from the African con- 

tinent in the southern hemisphere; and in another point 

of view, Australia may be considered the centre of their de- 
- velopment, as they are not only most abundant there, but 
the forms of New Zealand on one side, and of Africa on 
the other, resemble more those of Australia than those 
of America, or one another. 

The Tasmanian species of Conifere, so far as is at present 
known, are peculiar to that island, and more local there 
than in any other part of the globe. If Pachylepis be re- 
garded as a subgenus only of Callitris, then this island has 
representatives of all the genera peculiar to the southern 
hemisphere, except Araucaria; besides possessing the only - 
two that are not common to two of the regions enumerated 
above. I have before considered Tasmania as part of the 
Australian region ; but if we go on to compare it with the 
vast country lying to the north, it will be found still more 
peculiar in its Coniferous vegetation, as a part of that tract, 
| than the latter as a whole was shown to be; for whilst Aus- 
tralia has only three of the genera, Tasmania has six. 

Although, in a measure, anticipating the “ Flora of Tas- 
mania’ for which ample materials are in my possession for 
= publication, under the authority of the British Government, 

I shall here offer a few remarks on the different species of 
: that island, before proceeding to describe the noblest of them 
_ all, the Dacrydium Franklinii, or Huon Pine. 


1. Cauuirris, Vent. 


This genus, which was divided by Mr. Brongniart into 
two, has been further modified by Spach, who separates 
from both the North African C. quadrivalvis, for which alone 
entenat’s name of Callitris is retained. The differences i 
between these are excellently displayed by Spach in the 
Suites à Buffon” (Hist. Nat. des Végét., v. 11, p. 345), 
though I should not attach the same importance to them 
as does that acute observer. The numerous scales of 
the Australian group are certainly a remarkable character. — 


146 ON THE HUON PINE, &c. 


Yet that number and their relative size are so variable as con- 
siderably to diminish their value as a diagnostic mark. The 
ternary arrangement of the seeds, much dwelt upon by Brong- E 
niart, as typical of the Australian form, is a striking and. 
prominent character in our Cape species, whose seeds are Y 
hardly winged. The tuberculated receptacle is not con … 
stant in the Australian species, nor are the scales of the — 
cones always alternately smaller. The wings of the seeds 
differ much in size, some being quite as broad as those 
of Callitris or Pachylepis; the seeds themselves are not 
always osseous; one species of the latter genus having the 
seed much more osseous than any Australian Callitris, and 
almost wingless. I have not been able hitherto to detect 
any difference, except that they bear three anthers or pollen- 
thecæ, between the male amenta of Callitris and Pachylepis, 
though Brongniart suggests that such may exist. The leaves 
of the Cape species are sometimes decussately opposite, and 
regularly so throughout a great part of the branches ; those 
of the northern plant are arranged in fours, and of the Aus- 
tralian in threes. The latter is the most remarkable number 
amongst Conifere, and is accompanied with two coty ledons, 
which is also the case in one species of the Cape Pachylepis: 
The pollen grains in Callitris, Frenela, and Pachylepis, ue 
small, spherical, transparent, perfectly smooth spheres, with 
an irregular, darker nucleus; in a young state they appear 
more flattened, resembling disks, and are larger. The ee 
Tasmanian species belong to Brongniart's genus Frenela, its 
most evident character lies in the ternary arrangement of the 
leaves. Spach rightly supposes that these, in a young state, 
are acicular, like those of Thuja, &c. 
1. C. australis, Br.; strobilis glomeratis solitariisve breviter 
pedunculatis globosis (magnitudine coryli avellanæ), v% 
vis lignosis crassis late ovatis valde obtusis v. sub-acut? 
levibus v. longitudinaliter rugosis, receptaculo vix rugoso» 
columna centrali brevi tricruri vel nulla, seminibus ossels 
late ovatis alarum marginibus membranaceis. 

* Oyster-Bay Pine,” incolarum. 


ON THE HUON PINE, &c. 147 


Hag. Tasmania, on the east coast; Mr. Backhouse; Gunn, 
n. 543.  Flinders's Island, Bass' Straits ; Backhouse. 
Were it not for the noble suite of specimens sent by Mr. 

Gunn, under the same number, I should certainly have 
been led to make at least two species of this, so different is 
the character of its extremes. The cones when mature 
are either smooth or much corrugated, their angles acute or 
blunt, the colour pale grey and shining, or brown and opaque; 
in the centre of the cone there is generally an elevated 
woody body, with three divergent arms, one opposite each of 
the smaller scales, these sometimes fork again; in other 
cases this is reduced to a single short style, or may be wholly 
wanting; it appears formed of three abortive, confluent 
ovaria. The seeds vary much in size, and in the shape and 
breadth of their wings. 

This species forms a large tree (according to Mr. Backhouse) 
50-70 feet high, and 6-9 in girth, sometimes giving a peculiar 
feature to the landscape from its pyramidal form. Mr. 
Gunn states its height to be 25-30 feet, and its trunk a foot 
in diameter, whence there may be another species yet unde- 
Scribed.* I have never seen much use made of the wood, 
which is alleged not to be durable. It is very fragrant ; and 
according to Mr. Backhouse, obnoxious to bugs. 

2. C. Gunnii, Hook. fil.; strobilis subsolitariis v. glomeratis 
breviter pedunculatis ovatis, valvis lignosis linearibus 
obtusis v. subacutis dorso convexis levibus v. longitudi- - 


naliter rugosis, receptaculo levi, columna centrali brevi 


simplici v. tricruri v. nulla, seminibus late ovatis osseis - 
ala plerumque brevissima. 

“Native Cypress," incolarum. 

Has. Tasmania, South Esk River, Mr. Gunn (n. 542). 


* In Mr, Backhouse's * Narrative of a Visit to the Australian Colonies,” _ 
in mentioning the vegetation of Oyster Bay, he enumerates the Oyster Bay |. 
. Pine and also the Callitris pyramidalis among the native trees of that — 
locality ; from which remark, and the discrepancy between his own and = 

Mr. Gunn's dimensions of the timber, it is more than probable that —— 
there are three Tasmanian species of Callitris, = rss 


148 — ON THE HUON PINE, &c. 


Mr. Gunn says this species forms a small tree, 6-10 feet 
high, called the ‘ Native Cypress." It is very distinct from 
the former, especially in its ovate, generally larger, but very - 
variable cones, and the harder, narrower, and unwinged 
seeds. 


2. ARTHROTAXIS, Don. 


Mr. Don's excellent description of this genus is published 
in the 18th volume of the Linnean Society's Transactions ; 
the character is not, however, complete, owing to the ab- 
sence of perfect specimens. The embryo, which was want- 
ing, I have found to be inclosed in a rather thin coat 0! 
albumen; it is stout and cylindrical, occupying nearly tht 
whole length of the seed, and furnished with two cotyledons, 
which Mr. Don rightly presumed it would possess. ‘The À: 
laxifolia, Hook., is the only other known species, A. tetragona 
proving, on examination of its fruit, to belong to a different 
and new genus, Microcachrys (nobis). The pollen of Art 
taxis is, like that of Callitris, formed of transparent sph 
generally, if not invariably depressed, with a central, m 
opaque nucleus; in the young plant it is larger, m 

more depressed, and hence discoid. 
1. A. selaginoides, Don, in Linn. Trans. v. 18, p. 172, t.1 
Hook. Icones Plant. t. 574. : 
Has. Tasmania, Falls of the Meander River, Gunn, n 
The seeds represented in the * Icones Plantarum" probat 
belong to the following species, in this that organ is n 
orbicular, deeply notched at the apex and basé, the 
broad and membranous. 
2. A. cupressoides, Don, l.c. p. 173, E 18, fig- 23 Hook. 1 
t. 5595 - 
Has. Tasmania, Pine River, Lake St. Clair, Gunn, n. 365 
The seed of this species is smaller than that of th 
broadly ovate, or somewhat deltoid, with thick spongy | sf 
formed of two membranes inclosing the seed in their cer 
the latter is also smaller than, but quite similar to, that: 
selaginoides. The only native living specimen of this 


ON THE HUON PINE, &c. 149 


which I have seen was in the bed of the Pine River, down 
the course of which it had been washed, and, grounding, 
had formed the nucleus of a small island ; it was about 
15 feet long, and though prostrate quite alive, having shot 
up several erect branches, to the height of 8 or 10 feet, 
covered with a lively green foliage, and bearing abundance 
of fruit. Mr. Gunn describes it as growing at Lake St. 
Clair to the height of 25-30 feet, with trunks 18 inches to 
2 feet in diameter ; one very old one, hollow in the centre; 
measured 15 feet round, at 34 feet from the ground, from 
whence it tapered rapidly upwards. 
3. A. laxifolia, Hook. Ic. Plant. 1. 573. | 
Has. Tasmania, Falls of the Meander River, Gunn, (n. 

369?) qe | 

Some doubt was expressed in the * Icones Plantarum" of- 
the validity of this species, neither the flowers nor fruit - 
being known. Another specimen, with cones, received from 
Mr. Gunn, seems to establish its claims to specific distinc- 
tion. The cones are nearly the size of those of A. selagi- 
noides, with the seeds smaller and of a different form, being 
(including the wings) broadly oblong, their sides parallel, and 
the base and apex emarginate; the wings are thick, and 
formed of two membranes inclosing a spongy substance; as 
in A. cupressoides, but they are broader above than in that 
_ plant ; the embryo is altogether like that of the two former. — 
The leaves are as represented in the “/cones Plantarum,” 
in fewer series, shorter, smaller, and more lax than in A. e 


ginoides. 


| 3. Microcacurys, Nov. gen. . 
Flores in ramis diversis monoici. Masc. Amenta termi- | 
nalia,- ovata. Sguame  antherifere unguiculate, peltatæ. — 
| Antherarum thece 2, divaricatæ, globose. Pollen trigonum, 
trinucleatum. Fam. Amenta decurva v. cernua; oblong: 
 Squame laxe imbricatæ, patentes, ovate, concave, na 
| lares) Ovula ad basin squamarum solitaria. ^ S/rob 
€ squamis divaricatis foliis subconformibus sed 


150 ON THE HUON PINE, &c. 


patentibus, apicibus acuminatis recurvis, medio concavis. Se 
mina solitaria, erecta, omnino nuda, squama submajora, ovata, © 
compressa; testa scariosa, membranacea, hyalina.—Arbus- ; 
cula procera, 15 ad 25 ped. alta, facie verosimiliter Cupressi 
sed foliis Dacrydii. Folia i» plantis junioribus quadrifariam | 

inserta, in senioribus, imbricata, ramo appressa, rhombeo-ovata, 7 

dorso carinata. Amenta ad apices ramulorum plurima ; mas- — 

cula erecta, sub 2 lin. longa, cylindracea; foeminea curi ; 
cernua, repandula, e squamis 8-10 formata. : 

1. Microcacurys tetragona, Hook. fil.; Arthrotaxis tetra 

. gona, Hook. Ic. Plant. t. 560. 

Han. Tasmania, on the banks of Lake St. Clair, abundan 
Gunn (366). 
This genus is distinguished from Arthrotaxis by the ve 

different form and structure of its amenta, which are not 

broader than the branches; by the solitary, exposed seed 
and by the hyaline membranous testa surrounding it: from 

Cupressus the same character will also separate it. The 

len is of a different form from that of either of those genera, 

and the foliage also. 


4. Popocarpus, L’Hérit. 


1. P. alpina, Brown, in Mirbel, Essai sur la Géographie des 
Conifères in Mém. Mus. @ Hist. Nat. v. 13, p. 75. Bennelt 
in Plant. rar. Jav. p. 40. 

Has. Tasmania, on the summit of Mount Wellington an 
near Marlborough, in the elevated central parts of the 
island, Gunn (n. 226). 

This is one of the few species of Coniferæ which, except" 
ing the Junipers, never attains the size even of a shrub; ! 
is allied to the P. Totarra of New Zealand, but is a very dis- 
tinct plant. The Marlborough specimens are larger té 
those from Mount Wellington; in the former habitat : 
grows at about 3000 feet above the sea, and near the summ 
of the latter mountain at 4,000 feet. The pollen-grains 
all the Podocarpi which I have examined, except P. 
dioides, namely those of P. Totarra, P. Serruginea, and 


ON THE HUON PINE, &c. 151 
present, are, as Mr. Bennett describes in his able paper, of a 
curved oval form, with jdark granular extremities. Of P. 
dacrydioides Y have seen only very old and perhaps mutilated 
grains, which were certainly trigonous with three opaque 
nuclei, very-much like those of Microcachrys. 

2. P.? Lawrencii, Hook. fil.; foliis laxis subdistichis paten- 
tibus linearibus utrinque attenuatis pungentibus. 

Has. Tasmania, Lawrence, n. 218. 

This is a very distinct species, though possessing neither 
flower nor fruit; still the habit and appearance are altogether 
like P. spinulosa, Br., and the woody tissue presents a single 
series of minute glandular dots. The twigs are slender, the 
leaves nearly half an inch long, slightly curved, about two 
lines broad, of a pale green, somewhat glaucous underneath. 

I have been anxious so far as materials exist for that pur- 
pose to record in this Natural Order the names of those 
individuals’ who have done most for the Botany of this 
island. Since the days when Mr. Brown collected his extra- 
ordinary herbarium, and first brought to light a host of Tas- 
manian plants in the * Prodromus Flore Nove Hollandiæ,” 
there has been no more successful Botanist for the time than 
the late Mr. Lawrence, who commenced forming a herba- 
rium of the whole island, a work which Mr. Gunn has al- 
most concluded. 

5. Pur LocLApnvus, Rich. 

1. P. aspleniifolia, Rich. ; Podocarpus, Lab. Nov. Holl. t. 221. 
“ Celery-topped,” or * Adventure Bay Pine” of the co- 
lonists, : ss. 

Has. Tasmania, in the mountainous and humid parts of the 
colony. 

This elegant tree, like its New Zealand congener, seldom 
exceeds 50-60 feet in height; the trunk is slender and quite - 
erect, very useful for small masts. The bark is also used to 
tan leather with, for which purpose it is well adapted. The 
pollen-grains of this species are similar to those of P. £r 
manoides; they are less curved, much broader th 
à Podocarpus, and also flatter and more transpar 


152 ON THE HUON PINE, &c. 


6. DacrypiuM, Sol. 


1. D. Franklinii, Hook. fil.; ramis cum foliis tetragonis ramo- - 
sissimis, folis parvis cruciatim oppositis ramo appressis 
rhombeo-ovatis subacutis dorso carinatis, amentis fcemineis 
terminalibus curvatis cernuis v. pendulis 5-7 floris, fruc- 
tibus laxe spicatis minimis, squama parva, squamula fructi- : 
fera concava antice fissa, semine parvo erecto elliptico- - 
compresso subdrupaceo (Tas. VI ) 

 Huon Pine" of the Colonists. 

Has. Tasmania, Huon River; Gunn, n. 1248 ; McQuarrie 
Harbour, Mr. A. Cunningham. 
This is certainly the most interesting and valuable tree of 

Tasmania; but it has been seen by few scientific persons. 

Mr. nt s specimens are very imperfect, consisting 

merely of the ends of branches, about four inches lon 

much divided in a fasciculated manner, the ultimate divi- 

sions, which are exceedingly numerous, are about one quarter 

of an inch long and a line in diameter, very brittle, and 
covered with the leaves. The latter are quadrifariously imbri- 
cated, less than halfa line in length, dark-green, and shining 
when dry, acutely keeled at the back, having a depression 
on each side of the keel. The spikes of fruit are inconspt 
cuous, at the apices of the branchlets, either drooping 9T 
curved downwards, about one line long, consisting of a cen- 
tral axis or stalk, which gives off 6-8 horizontal scales or 
bracts; the latter are ovate, plane or concave on the up} 
surface, and very convex or rounded beneath; upon each 
situated a shallow cup (the fruit-bearing scale) open toware 
the axis of the spike, formed in the old and dried specimen 
of two membranes, with an interposed hollow; the d 
this cup are obscurely crenated, and turned rather out 
and they surround the base of the seed. "The majority | 
the seeds of Mr. Cunningham’s specimens are in a very 
state; the most perfect are broadly ovato-oblong, or son 
what elliptical, compressed from back to front, the : 
rather acute or blunt, the apex notched, with a small tu 


ON THE HUON PINE, &c. 153 


in the notch; the outer coat was probably fleshy, but now 
shrivelled, and contains a loose hard nut, attached at its 
base and apex to the outer withered coat, and containing an 
erect seed of the same shape as the seed, fixed by the base, 
and with a black apex; the testa is very thin and delicate, 
the albumen fleshy and apparently copious, with a central 
hollow for the embryo, which was not seen in those very un- 
favourable specimens, but is probably very small; the whole - 
length of the seed is under half a line; most of them appear 
abortive, and many contain the larva of a small coleopterous 
insect, which is probably deposited before the closing of the 
foramen, and which feeds on the albumen, perhaps the em- 
bryo also, which was never found.* 

Mr. Cunningham remarks of it, that it forms a tree of 
irregular growth at McQuarrie Harbour, from 60-70 feet | 
high, and 6-24 in circumference. PET 

Mr. Backhouse, in his valuable ms. notes, in our possession, 
(and he is one of the few scientific persons who have seen 
this plant) says of it, that “it forms a noble tree, growing in 
Swampy places, of a widely pyramidal form; the branches 
rather droop, and the ultimate ones are pendent, like those 


* In one respect, namely, the maturation of many seeds at the apex of 
each fruit-bearing branch, this species differs remarkably from any of its — 
congeners, and from Podocarpus. The plurality of the ovuliferous scales, 
and their arrangement on an axis, in all respects analogous to that of the — 
ordinary strobilus, and particularly similar to that of Microcachrys, is a 
further confirmation of the view Messrs. Brown and Bennett have 
of the place of the Podocarpi and Dacrydia in the Nat. Order Conifere. 
They remove them from the Taxinee, and associate them with the True — 

Pines (vid. Brown and Bennett in Plant. rar. Jav. p. 37). The arrange- 
ment of the female inflorescence in the form of a strobilus being the 
ordinary one amongst Conifere, the Huon Pine may in this particular be i 
regarded as the most fully developed of the little group, including PAyllo- 
Cladus, Podocarpus, and Dacrydium, to which it belongs. D. Colensoi, 

_ Which the present bears a considerable resemblance, produces also 
terminal female flowers, but one only ever arrives at maturity. 
Cladus bas often several mature seeds ; but the foliaceous 
Parts very much marks the resemblance of its infloresc 
dinary strobilus, which is sufficiently evident in Da 


154 ON THE HUON PINE, &c. 


of Cypress or White Cedar; the trunk attains a height ot- 
about 100 feet, and is from 22-26 in girth. The wood burns - 
briskly, giving out a pleasant aromatic smell; it is close- ; 
grained, valuable for ship-timber, and all purposes to which | 
pine-wood is applied, and may be obtained in logs 40-50 feet - 
long.” Mr. Cunningham's specimens do not present any of 
the pendulous branches; such are, however, sent by Mr. 
Gunn ; they are nearly two feet long, and covered with longer - 
and more slender and flaccid twigs than the others. 
The most interesting account of the Huon Pine that I have 
ever seen, was written by my friend Mr. Lemprière, to whom | 
I am indebted for much kindness showed during a short visi 
I made to him, in company with Sir John and Lady Frankl 
In* Mr. Lempriére's account of McQuarrie Harbour, he 
says: 
“The Huon Pine unites great beauty to extensive utility. 
It attains the height of seventy feet ; in circumference it sel- 
dom exceeds fifteen. It grows in a pyramidal form, extend- 
ing its limits to a great distance, when smaller branches 
droop, something in the same manner as the Weeping Willow; 
the colour of the foliage is rich green. The Huon Pine affords 
an excellent substitute for deal; and is, indeed, in many T€" - 
spects superior to that wood. For ship's decks and interior, 
for boat-building, and innumerable other purposes, its quali- 
ties are unequalled. 
“Huon pine forms the principal article of export fro 
McQuarrie Harbour : two thousand eight hundred and sixty- 
nine logs were collected in one year (1827) from different spo 
in the vicinity of the settlement, principally from the Gordon 
River. Sometimes the timber was found at some distance 
land; in that case, a road was made to the water-side, by felling 
the intermediate trees, and placing the trunks transverse! 
across the road, so as to form ways over which the pine la 


* Tasmanian Journal of Natural Science, &c. v. 1t. p. 110. It W 
much to be desired that a similar organ to the Tasmanian Journal, for 
cording the valuable and otherwise lost knowledge possessed bY 
colonists, were established in some of our other colonies, | 


ON THE HUON PINE, &c, 155 


cut to proper sizes, were rolled into the river, with hand.spikes 

or levers. The next process was to fix a hundred or more 

of these logs together, in the form of a raft, the outside logs 

being attached to the centre ones by iron chains. The raft 

was towed to the settlement by a launch or two. Sometimes 

in bad weather the chains gave way, and the logs drifted 

about in every direction. Such accidents always occasioned 

much trouble ; and indeed it seldom happened that the whole 

number of logs was recovered. When the raft arrived at 

the settlement, the unfortunate prisoners’ severest test began : 

for they had to wade to their middles for hours at a time with 

hand-spikes, to roll the timber up. The logs were piled in 

stacks, sometimes thirty feet high: Whenever the men were 

so employed, the Commandant used to allow them to receive 

a small quantity of spirits. We recollect seeing one of these 

logs, which measured twelve and a half tons. The best of 

the logs were shipped to Hobart Town; some were cut up 

by the sawyers, of whom there were constantly nine or ten 

pairs at work, into boards, also for Hobart Town; the re- 

mainder were either reserved for use in the settlement, or, if 

too short, or otherwise objectionable, they were thrown in to 

fill up the quays and other places. Many a log have I seen 

thus employed, which would now be of the greatest service 

in the Government timber-yards, but at that time they were 

considered of little or no value. Gum, myrtle, and other 

woods, which would not float, were brought to the settlement 

two at a time, lashed one to each side of a large launch. - 

There is also a tree which grows on Philip's Island, called 

the *Hard Wood, which would answer many of the same 

Purposes for which Lignum Vite is now used. Huon Pine, — 

however, is the staple commodity of McQuarrie Harbour, — — 

and no doubt, if thrown open to the public, would not only _ 

: nri ch speculators, but prove a general benefit to the colony: 

it is a wood much sought after for its quality, and is far supe 

rior to the pine imported from New Zealand ; and for man: 

. Purposes to the cedar of New South Wales. Al hough an 
immense draught on the stock of Huon Pine at McQuarri 


156 ON THE HUON PINF, &c. 


Harbour took place during the time that the settlement - 
existed, there remains sufficient to supply the wHole colony 
for years to come. 1 am informed by Mr. Hoy, late master- E 
shipwright at McQuarrie Harbour, and now filling the same | 
important situation at Port Arthur, and who was the last per- 
son to leave the place, that from ten to twelve thousand tons 
might be obtained within one mile of the waterside, and a 
considerable part of that within one-half the distance. Asa 
proof of the capabilities of McQuarrie Harbour, we would 
state, that during the period (about seven years) Mr. H 
filled the situation of master-shipwright at the settlement, 
the following work was performed in the dockyard alone. 
“The brig Cyprus was rebuilt. The brigs Tamar, Isabella, 
Frederick, Adelaide, averaging about one hundred and thirty 
tons each, were built; also the barque William the Fourth of 
two hundred tons; the cutters Charlotte, Clyde, and Sham- 
rock, of about fifty tons each; the schooners Penelope, Shan 
non, Badger, Kangaroo, Biy; of about twenty-five tons 
each; twenty-two launches, of from five to ten tons each! 
— small boats. Previous to Mr. Hoy's arrival, the 
brig Derwent, schooners Sorell and Despatch, sloop Oposuum, 
lightár James Lucas, and several launches and whale-boats 
had been built. This does not include the boats for the use 
of the settlement, repairs to sundry vessels, &c. : 
* | have no doubt that, could an individual, or a company» 
obtain from Government a lease of McQuarrie Harbour, for 
a certain period, say seven years, to engage in p rin 
timber, and at the same time building a few vessels, su 
are most required in the colony, it would be found a 
lucrative undertaking. E. 
“I have been faióuted by Mr. Hoy, who, in additio n 
great experience in his profession, possessed much p 
knowledge, with the following calculation. He adds, that 
is of opinion, that twelvemonths? work, agreeably to the st 
joined calculation, could be obtained at King’s River alone 
independently of hat might be peered d up 
river : 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 157 


Eo BEd 
Maintenance, &c., of eight sawyers and twenty- 
two labourers for twelve months . ‘ «MI 06 
Saws, piles, axes, wedges, &c. . š 4 9850-9 0 
Freight of ten cargoes, at an average of one hun- 
dred tons each ; . b à é - 18500 0 0 
0D 


Total . - 22207 


36,000 cub. feet of pine, at 2s. 6d. per foot pee, 6833 
140,000 superficial ditto, at 4d. per foot . £2333 J. 


Profit . . 4536 0-0 


“ So valuable was Huon Pine in Hobart Town, that in 1827 
the Commandant was informed by Government, that it was 
more profitable to send supplies of that wood up, than to 
build vessels. Good oars were made at the settlement; tre- 
nails were also shipped in great quantities." 25 

I am much gratified in being able to attach the name of 
the late excellent Governor of Tasmania to so remarkable 
a tree, and one, too, quite peculiar to that island, and be- 
longing to a most interesting Natural Order. The services 
of Sir John Franklin as an officer, a traveller, and man of 
Science, are too well known and appreciated to require com- 
ment here; but to his zealous cooperation in all the objects 
of the Antarctic Expedition, to the kindness shown by him, 
Lady Franklin, and their family, towards the officers of the 
Erebus and Terror, and to the unwearied zeal and unexampled 
liberality of both those enlightened individuals in forwarding 
the cause of science in that colony, it behoves me in duty 
and in gratitude to record my obligations. | ee. c 

TAB. VI. Dacrypium FRANKLINIIL. Fig. 1. Fructiferous 
branchlet, J. 2. Fruit with its scale. f. 3. Side view of the 
Same. f.4. Fruit, cut through vertically : magnified. 


ep ne ne 


Bossier. Spanish Botany : Malaga and its Environs. ———— 


(Continued from Vol. I. p. 411.) 


E. t. Malaga, like Valence, still shows its Arabic origin in the laby- ; 
E. TInths of narrow crooked streets, lanes without any thorough- a 


158 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


fare, and numerous odd turnings which puzzle the stranger, - 
and render long practice necessary to enable him to find his 
way about the city ; but here the general aspect is brighter - 
and clearer, the pavement better laid, and the houses freshly 
painted, and almost all of them equipped with balconies. In 
the Merchants! Quarter the style of the shops is perfectly 
oriental. "They are long and narrow, and separated from the 
street by the bench or counter, which a customer never 
passes, but across which the goods are shown and sold to hi 
The public promenade or Alameda, is planted with Melia 
Azedarach (Pride of India) Gleditsia and Oleanders. "There 
are also several shrubs of the beautiful Mimosa Farnesiand 
called Carambuco by the Andalusian women, who adorn their 
lovely black tresses with its bunches of yellow and highly 
scented flowers. Hither, in the evening, come all the popu- 
lation of Malaga, to enjoy the refreshing sea-breeze, and to 
meet their acquaintances. The aguadores may be seen in 
directions, lauding their iced-water and Azucarillos, large 
lumps of porous sugar, which are dipped in the cold liquid, 
and eaten before they melt. There the pretty Malaguenas 
appear to the greatest advantage, and prove their right 7 
that character for beauty which is assigned to them preemr 
nently among the fair ones of Spain. It were no easy 
to describe their light and graceful carriage, and the pleas- 
ing contrast presented between their dark uniform costume 
and the sparkling animated countenances of its wearers. 
I cannot but think that such an unobtrusive style of dress! 
far more simple, dignified, and becoming, than the bri n 
colours and variegated materials in which our northern ladies 
take so much delight. | 
I was present, the day after my arrival, at a review of th 
National Guard of Malaga. There might be about a thou 
sand men, well equipped, and. fairly trained ; but I cow 
not behold them without indignation, when, rememberin 
the scandalous poltroonery of their behaviour during the ™ 
surrection, which had taken place the previous year. It was 
under the governorship of Count Donadio, who was 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 159 


(most unjustly it would seem) of being in collusion with the 
Carlists. The rebels, not finding him at home, surrounded 
a dwelling where he had taken refuge; they dispersed the 
guards, dismissed them to the castle, and detecting the Go- 
vernor, who sought to escape under the disguise of a soldier, 
raised the cry of * Here's the man we want!” and imme- 
diately hacked him to pieces: thence these ruffians hurried 
to the Hotel de Ville, where the military chief advanced 
courageously to meet them, pointing to the wounds he had 
recently received in the northern provinces while defending 
the Liberal cause; and they actually replied by falling upon 
him with their bayonets! When General Quiroga at last 
arrived from Grenada, and quelled the insurrection, he dared 
not make a proper example of the wretches who had com- 
mitted these atrocities: but simply banished some of the 
most guilty to the Canary Islands, whence they were pre- 
sently recalled by the Radical ministry, which succeeded ; and 
now they walk boldly and openly in the streets of Malaga! 
There is probably not a city in Spain where the populace so 
much require to be treated alike with justice and inflexible 
severity. 'lhe Liberal party is very strong, but ignorant, 
and addicted to disturbance. A certain African ferocity of 
disposition exists amongst the lower classes, and is sure to 
break forth on such commotions, manifesting itself too on 
many trivial occasions. "The dagger generally ends a quarrel, 
and the very children exhibit the same Moorish tempera- 


ing these youthful worthies engaged in stone battles, and 
often wounding the passers-by, without the police once offer- 
ing to repress this undesirable propensity. 
The first few days after my arrival were taken up by a 
troublesome, though not very important piece of business, to — - 
_ which I shall allude for the benefit of those Botanists who- 


ment, Outside the gates of Malaga there is a dry water- — ix 
course, called Guadalmedina, the theatre of many sangui nary E : : 
Juvenile encounters, and which I never passed without see- — 


may hereafter visit Spain. I had brought with me from 
. France a stock of plant-paper, of a quality which is not pro- - E 


160 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


curable, and is even prohibited, in this country. It would 
have been an easy matter enough to smuggle it into Malaga; 
and I might have been warned to do so, by all the plague 
this paper had already caused me at Valence. But I was so 
foolishly honest as to exhibit it at the custom-house, feeling 
sure that the letters I was carrying to all the chief authorities 
in the city must needs remove every difficulty. I however 
found that I was in the hands of a host of officials, who had 
no greater delight than to annoy a stranger, headed by an old 
rogue of an Administrador, who, anticipating but little profit 
on the occasion, was pleased to entrench himself in high for-. 
mality and unimpeachable character! Applications, backed 
by the Gefe Politico, attestations and representations, were 
alike ineffectual. After scrawling and signing sheet after 
sheet of stamped paper, I had no resource but to leave the 
unlucky subject of litigation in their hands, and finally re- 
ceived it five months after, exactly when I was leaving 
Spain; thanks to my petition having been transmitted to 
Madrid. Very fortunately, I found that the common Span- 
ish paper might be made to serve my purpose, though it is 
so small that every sheet required to be opened out before I 
could lay my specimen upon it. 
Being very eager to obtain every information, and to see 
all such individuals as might assist me in my researches, 1 was 
particularly fortunate in making the acquaintance of Don 
Felix Hoenselaer. This worthy man, a native of Germany, 
had early settled in Spain, and in spite of numerous ob- 
stacles, and the absence of any assistance, his ardent turn. 
scientific subjects had enabled him to obtain much knowle¢ 
of Icthyology and Botany, in addition to an intimate al 
quaintance with Pharmacy, which is his profession. He 
long corresponded with La Gasca at Madrid, Cabrera * 
Cadiz, Schousboe at Tangier, Mertens and Agardh 
Germany. To him we are indebted for a knowledge of 
plants, published in various pamphlets, and for an Essay 
the Mineral Waters of Calatrava. M. Hoenselear h 
aside for some years his favourite study; but the p 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 161 


of a Botanist renewed all his early ardour; and I cannot be 
too grateful for the valuable information which his perfect 
knowledge of the country enabled him to give me, and for 
the zeal with which he laboured to collect such materials as 
. might render my work complete. A herbarium formed by 
. him several years ago was exceedingly useful to me, and it is 
| from that collection that I cite many of the species growing 
in the environs of Malaga, and which I was not myself so 
fortunate as to find. 
: I may be allowed, too, to mention my obligations to an- 
i other resident in Malaga, Don Pablo Prolongo, a young gen- 
| tleman of great intelligence and information, who took a most 
. hearty interest in my pursuits, and materially aided my re- 
. Searches, both during my journey and after my return. 
. . Sometimes alone, and sometimes accompanied by one or 
. both of these friends, the first fortnight of May found me 
_ Constantly engaged in short excursions through the en- 
_ Yirons of the city. All the country is a vast garden at 
l this season, and not a spot can be seen, even in the Arroyos, 
| Which is not adorned with the silvery tufts of Paronychia 
argentea and nivea, mingled with Astragalus hypoglottis, 
1 Leobordea, Andryale Ragusina, Scrophularia canina, and the 
1 el gant purple-flowered Cleome violacea. "The fields and cul- 
. Uvated lands exhibit a still more varied vegetation. There 
. We may observe, amid abundance of Fumaria, Medicago and 


with many other plants, which we cultivate to adorn our - 
flower-beds, as Anthemis Arabica and Chrysanthemum corona- 
"um. The banks of the little streams, and similar damp 
“Pots, are covered with other species, Linum angustifolium, 

Junciformis, Silene muscipula, Lythrum Grefferi, and 
that Plant Samolus Valerandi, which may be found in almost 
‘very part of our world. ais | 


Vv 
OL. ty, | N 


iurus, the Garidium Nigellastrum, Salvia viridis, vum 
boa muricata, and Picridium Tingitanum, growing along O — 


; Very near the city, and on the sea-shore, stretches for x é 
three miles and more, up to the mouth of the Guadalhora, — 
Sreat uncultivated plain; it is called the Dehesilla. On its — 


162 BOTANICAL INFORMATION, 


shifting sands I gathered several pretty plants, the Erodium ' 
hirtum, Linaria pedunculata, Lotus aurantiacus, Plantago albi- 
cans, and Delphinium peregrinum. The Ononis ramosissima 
grew in great abundance, and here and there I saw the 
magnificent Orobanche fætida parasitic on its roots. 
delicate grass, Festuca Alopecuros, seemed to be used as com 
by large families of ants, for I observed them collecting 1 
seeds in their nests in the sand, and prudently leaving be- 
hind the covering which surrounds the seeds. ic 

Among those plants which prevail in the low and cu 
vated parts of the country, the most characteristic, and thos? 
that by their size and abundance give the chief features * 
the vegetation, are Agave Americana, the Prickly Pear, the 
Ricinus or Palma Christi, and Arundo. Donaz; also two La- 
biate, Phlomis purpurea, and Ballota hirsuta; and lastly 
gigantic Thistle, producing yellow flowers and herbaceous 
stems, and growing from five to ten feet high, Kentrophyllum 
arborescens. ‘These plants may be found everywhere, »® 
the fallow spots and in the hedges and waysides. = 
_ The vegetation of the hills presents a different aspect still 
a few of the above species may be seen, but much more" 
Thymus capitatus, Lavandula multifida, Genista 
several kinds of Cistus, and particularly the picturesque Pal- 
metto, Chamerops humilis. This dwarf Palm covers 
spots, and its roots are so strong, that fire cannot destroy 
them, but it sprouts up in all parts of a field, and often 
baffles the labour of the agriculturist. a ne 

A peculiar charm belonging to the cities of the soU 
consists in the solitudes which may be found at their ve 
gates, contrasting so strikingly by their silence and desertion 
with the bustle and confusion that prevail within the walls. 
Ten minutes’ walk from Malaga brings you to such a SP” 
the Cerro Coronado, some rocky hillocks, that lie to the : 
of the city, across the dry bed of the Guadalmedina. ^ 
springs of water, that gush from the rocks, keep up a POF 
tual verdure in the little intervening spots; while, higher 
there are only rough slopes, intersected by ravines, and ove 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 163 


topped here and there with calcareous rocks. I paid many 
visits to this locality, and found it rich in plants despite its 
| arid aspect. Among hundreds of other productions, I ga- 
_ thered Asperula hirsuta, Helianthemum marifolium, Convol- 
vulus linearis, and saxitilis From the clefts of the rocks 
sprung Campanula velutina, with downy foliage, Dianthus ser- 
rulatus, Hyacinthus serotinus, Polygala saxatilis, and a fine 
. yellow-flowered umbelliferous plant, Eleoselinum Lagasce ; 
. and finally, at an elevation of 500 feet, I began to find Pu- 
. toria Calabrica, very common throughout the mountainous 
. region of Andalusia, and which clothes the shelves of the 
. Tocks with a close carpet of elegant pink and white blossoms, 
. Shaped like those of jessamine. From these heights a noble 
. View is obtained over the Valley of Guadalmedina, dotted 
.. With the country-houses of the citizens, and also of Malaga 
; itself, stretching along the sea-shore, and surmounted with . 
. Xs gigantic cathedral. 

. Another and still more interesting excursion, which I ac- 
. Complished several times, was to the Cerro or Peak of St. 
Anthony. This mountain, about 1500 feet high, is sur- 
rounded by a rifted and conical rock, and forms one of the 
culminating points in the chain of hills which fringe the 
Coast between Malaga and Velez. To reach it, an hour’s 
Walk is required first in the direction of the latter town ; and 
shortly before coming to the village Del Palo, the traveller 
turns to the left, along the bed of an Arroyo, which soon 
opens into a delightful valley, enclosed between mountains, 
Where the Botanist may reap a rich harvest. Among the 
plants that rejoice in the moisture and coolness of the little 
brook, and grow there with peculiar vigour, Anthyilis cyti- 
*oides, Genista umbellata and spherocarpos, divide the soil 
with three species of Cistus, viz. Monspeliensis, albidus and 


crispus, the latter display unnumbered hybrid varieties, and We 
Open their lovely crumpled petals in the early hours of every — 


Morning. Aristolochia Boetica, Ruscus, and other twining 
Plants climb over the bushes of Prickly Pear and Evergre 
Rose, and form an impenetrable thicket. At the very | 


164 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


of the stream I noticed the rare Poterium agrimonüfolium, 
and some tufts of Ononis speciosa, the finest individual of the . 
genus, and which had probably been brought down with the 
rivulet from the heights of Colmenar, its almost exclusive 
place of growth. Pursuing the ascent, about half-way up, a 
kind of natural terrace is formed among the steep slopes, 
and here are two farms surrounded with gardens, planted 
with Orange and Lemon Trees, a smiling oasis amid the bar- 
ren rocks. In my excursions I often rested at one or other 
of these farms, and was always received with kindness by the 
worthy inhabitants, who regarded me as a friend after WE 
second or third visit, and showed me that frank hospitality. 
wbich is almost peculiar to the Labradores of Spain. I shall 
never forget the rustic courtyard, the springs gushing from 
fern-clad rock, and the lovely peeps of country view, which. 
were seen through the trees. Between this place and the 
summit, there are steep ascents and rocky shelves, covered 
with Chamerops, Ephedra distachya, Rhamnus lycioides, Cy- 
tisus Malacitanus, Olea Oleaster, Quercus coccifera, and Cistus 
Clusii. Amid this vegetation a few plants occur, indicative 
of a subalpine region, Phlomis lycioides, Biscutella saxatilis 
var. angustifolia, Leuzea conifera, Serratula flavescens, 97" 
Sideritis linearifolia. Everywhere grows the useful Sparte? 
(Macrochlca tenacissima) with its tufts of curled leaves, 4 
graceful silvery spikes that wave in the wind. I also 
thered, for the first time, Minuartia montana, Sedum giant 
ferum and Umbilicus hispidus, the latter with purple corollas 
it may be seen here and there, on the thin stratum of veg 
table soil that covers the surface of the rocks. VIT 
From the summit of the mountain I surveyed with deligh 
the extensive panorama of open sea, and the whole © 
stretching even to the Sierras of Mijas and Ronda; in 
extreme distance northward, the view is soon shut in by © 
summits, equally high as the Peak of St. Anthony, but 7 
so steep, and cultivated to their very tops with vines and ol 
There, in a north-east exposure, grow stunted bushes of 
Ulex australis, with plants which affect shade and cool 


ZORRO Ore dés Sie ait ITI ae OS CU TETTE a a Breas venale OPERE ET IM 


.à peculiar growth, that of the Sweet P. otato (Convolvulus 7 us Be 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 165 


such as Arenaria montana, Helianthemum origanifolium, and 
the elegant Iris fugax, whose petals shrivel up with extra- 
ordinary rapidity. Thick tufts of Silene velutina, having a 
woody and twisted rhizoma, adorn the perpendicular and in- 
accessible faces of the rocks, at the foot of which I gathered 
a scarce and new species of Fumaria, F. macrosepala ; I also 
noticed plenty of Cytinus hypocistis, a singular parasite, 
growing upon the roots of several kinds of Cistus. 

And now, after having given a general idea of the indige- 
nous vegetation of the environs of Malaga, it may be well 
to say a few words about the interesting plants which are 
cultivated there. In this clime, where frost and snow are 
nearly unknown, most of the tropical productions would 
succeed admirably ; and the very few which have been already 
introduced, are enough to show what may be done when a 
greater taste for flowers and horticulture shall prevail in the 
country. 

The plants in most general cultivation for adorning the bal- 
conies and terraces (or Azoteas), are Phaseolus Caracalla, and 
Hoya carnosa ; they bear the winter perfectly well, as do some 
parasitical Orchidee, brought to Cadiz, and often seen grow- 
ing suspended from the trellisses and gratings of the windows; 
they are called air-ffowers. In the gardens thrive the Schinus 
Molle, Mimosa Farnesiana, Datura fastuosa, and several kinds 
of Lantana and Jasmine. 1 much admired, in an enclosure 
near Guadalmedina, a Dracena Draco, upwards of twenty feet 


high, and a group of magnificent Bananas which could not be E. : 


excelled by any in their native country. The people called 
them Platanos, and assured me that their fruit ripens yearly. A 
much commoner tree is the Chirimoya, or Anona squamosa ; 


it is raised in many gardens, both at Malaga and Churriana, —— 
whence its delicious fruit is sent, as a rarity, to the interior of — 


Spain, and even to France. A lack of water for irrigation = 
must ever forbid the profitable culture of the Sugar-cane, in 
the environs of Malaga ; but this district possesses, in an er 


166 ON A NEW GENUS OF FERNS. 


latas). These tubers are exported in great quantities and of 
excellent quality, and called Malaga Sweet Potatos (Patatas 
dulces de Malaga. There is also a commencement made 
towards the production of Cochineal in a few gardens, planted 
on purpose with several kinds of Cactus, allied to Opuntia, 
and I noticed the same branch of industry pursued at Valence 
and already yielding an ample return. 


To be continued. 


Observations on a New Genus of Ferns; by J. SMITH. 
With a Plate, Tas. VII, VIII. 


On referring to the enumeration of the Ferns collected by 
Mr. H. Cuming in the Philippine Islands, published in the - 
third volume of the Journal of Botany, it will be there seen — - 
that I have placed six species under the genus Callipteris ; 
but at page 178 of the fourth volume of the same journal I 
have, for reasons there stated, removed four of them from 
Callipteris, and arranged them in the genus Ozygonium; be- 
lieving one of them (Cuming, n. 116) to be the Diplazium 
alismefolium first described and figured by Presl, in Reli- 
quie Haenkeane; and which that author afterwards, in bis. 
Tentamen Pteridographie, adopted as the type of his genus 
Oxygonium, a genus distinguished from Diplanium by the 
circumstance of the venules anastomosing near the marg 
and forming one series of marginal areoles. Under 
that character I added three additional species, viz. Ory- 
gonium vitteforme, O. ovatum and O. elegans. At the- 
time I did so, I had little doubt, but that these species 3 
were quite characteristic of the genus, not only ™ 
venation, but also in their sori being furnished with m- - 
dusia, as in Diplazium. The only doubt I had, regarde” 
Oxygonium vitteforme (Cuming, n. 329); the evidence 
its being an indusiate fern, not proving so satisfactory 95 
could have been desired; but on making due allowance; for 


ON A NEW GENUS OF FERNS. 167 


the often fugacious nature of that organ, and judging from 
analogy and habit, I was led to the conclusion that the sori 
were furnished with indusia, and that it was an undescribed 
species of Oxygonium. I had no reason to doubt this view 
being a correct one, till lately, when my attention was 
again directed to this genus, by having received perfect 
specimens of a fern from Singapore, gathered by Mr. 
T. Lobb, which I at first took to be Ozygonium alis- 
mefolium of Presl; but, on examination, I was surprised 
to find the sori destitute of an indusium, the sporangia 
quite compact and occupying the sides and centre of 
the receptacle (or venule), forming perfect and truly naked 
linear sori, presenting much similitude to the naked sori of 
Gymnogramma Javanica and serrulata. On farther examina- 
tion, I found these specimens to agree with an authentic 
specimen (lately come into my possession) of Diplazium 
alismefolium, which specimen, although old and with but 
imperfect remains of sori, it is evident, from the nature of 
the sporangiferous receptacle, never had an indusium. From 
this circumstance, I cannot but conclude that Presl must 
have confounded two distinct, but yet very similar species, 
under the name of Diplazium alismefolium ; one with the 
sori furnished with indusia, as figured at tab. 8 in Reliquie 
Haenkeane (which, as I have already noticed, is probably 
the same as my Oxygonium alismæfolium, . Cuming’s speci- 
mens, n. 114) ; the other, with naked sori, which he (Presl) 
. Might have considered to be the same as the first, but in an 
. imperfect state of fructification, his own specimen, lying 
3 ore me, being an example. That specimen, however, is 
. NOW proved by my Singapore plant, not to belong to the 
. tribe Aspleniee. On this discovery I was led again to exa- 


[ mine my Ozygoniwm vitteforme, and I find that I was — x 


bebat. in considering it an indusiate fern, the soriferous re- —— 
. ptacle being of the same nature as in Gymnogramma, and — 
E hie Specifically different from Presl's and. my Singapore 
. "Pecimens.. It therefore becomes evident, that these 
. Species must be excluded from Oxygonium, and placed ne 


168 ON A NEW GENUS OF FERNS. 


Gymnogramma in the tribe Polypodiee. 1 therefore propose 

to associate with them another undescribed Asplenium-like 
fern from the island of Jobia, and to form of them the follow- | 
ing genus, Syngramma, which will bear the same relation to 2 

Gymnogramma, that Oxygonium does to Diplazium. Seeing, 

therefore, that it differs from Gymnogramma, only by the 
anastomosing venation, it will, on that account, come under = 
the second section of the tribe Polypodiee, and immediately — 
before Stenosemia. 


SYNGRAMMA, J. Sm. 


Veins forked; venules usually direct and parallel till near 
the margin, then anastomosing, forming one or more aa - 
ginal areoles.  Sporangia medial. Sori linear, oblique 
simple, forked or unequally reticulated, destitute of an ™ 
dusium. = 

Fronds 1 to 2 feet in length, rising from a cæspitose x 
short creeping rhizoma, smooth, simple and entire or pinnate, 
pinne entire 6—8 inches long. 

1. Syngramma vitteformis; fronds simple membra 
slightly undulate, the sterile ones oblong-lanceolate, the fer : 
tile linear-lanceolate, (much larger than the sterile), POW 
attenuated downwards, the sporangia occupying the whos. 
length of the parallel venules and the marginal anastomosins 
ones. (Tab. VII. VIII.) Callipteris vittzeformis J. Sm. M 
Hook, Journ. Bot. vol. iii, p. 409. Oxygonium vittæformés 
J. Sm. in Journ. Bot. vol. iv, p. 178. i 
Hab. Island of Samar, Cuming, n. 329. 

2. S. alismæfolia ; fronds simple oblong-elliptical and acu 
nate rounded or slightly cordate at the base, stipes "y 
tuberculate, sporangia occupying the whole length die 
parallel venules, the marginal anastomosing venules Pi 
sterile. (Tab. VII. VIII. B). Diplazium alismefoliu™ 
Presl in Herb. Nostr., (but not Presl in Reliquie Hess 
Hab. Singapore.— Lobb, 1843. Island of Sorzogon; #7 

3. S. pinnata; fronds pinnate, pinne (6-8 pair) imè 


us 


NEW BRITISH MOSSES, 169 


lanceolate, obliquely cuneate at the base, margins cartilagi- 
nous and slightly undulate, sori somewhat reticulated usually 
interrupted. (T's. VII, VIII. C.) 

Has. Island of Jobia, Barclay, 1839. 

Ogs. On account of the pinnz of this species being nar- 
rower than the simple fronds of the two first species, the 
venules are consequently shorter and therefore anastomose 
sooner, exhibiting a more uniform reticulated character: in 
that respect possessing some of the reticulated venation and 
sori of Hemionitis ; but in other particulars it bears no affinity 
to that genus. 


On several Mosses, new to the British Flora. By RICHARD 
Spruce, F.B.S. ie hb res x 


The mosses described in this and the following pages, for 
: the first time as British, comprise the whole of my additions 
_ to the Bryology of Great Britain (with the exception of those 
. included in my paper on the ** Musci and Hepatice of Tees- 
dale," in the 2nd volume of the Transactions of the Botanical 
. Society), together with five species and one variety disco- 
- vered by my excellent friend, Mr. Borrer, and now published 
With his kind permission. Of the twenty-one species de- 
tected by our joint researches, four have never before been 
. described; those which have been figured in the * Bryologia 
- Europea” have all been authenticated by comparison with 
Specimens from the learned authors of that work ; and the 
. Temaining species have been ascertained by means of exam- 
. Ples received from Messrs. Bruch, Wilson, Taylor and Mon- 
. fagne, and in most cases confirmed by the personal examina- 
. Uon of those distinguished cryptogamists themselves. 


E 1, Bryum erythrocarpon, Schwaegr.: * dioicum ; caule hu- 
. mili, innovando ramoso; foliis erecto-patentibus vel patu- 
lis, lanceolatis, cuspidatis, apice dentato-serratis subinte- _ 
Srisve, costa ultra apicem producta, cum vel sub eo - 


VOL, Iv. RT ea 


desinente, margine revoluto-retroflexis ; capsula oblongo- — 


170 NEW BRITISH MOSSES. 


pyriformi, brevicolla, inelinata vel pendula, operculo magno 

mammillari, purpurascente instructa, annulo magno."— 

Bryol. Europ. 

“Br. erythrocarpon, Schwgr. Suppl. I, 2, p. 100, t. 70; — 
Br. sanguineum, Brid. Bryol. univ. 1, p. 671." (fide Bruch et — 
Schimper.) up 
Has. In moist sandy stubbles, between Barmby and Wood- — 

house-Moors, near Pocklington, Yorkshire. Stockton Fo- — 

rest, with Br. annotinum. Ede 

I have never had any difficulty in distinguishing this spe- — 
cies from Br. cespiticium by the narrower, serrate leaves, and we 
their scarcely excurrent (sometimes not percurrent) nerve — 
On Barmby Moor the plants are closely tufted and send 
forth slender innovations about half an inch long, the leaves 
of which are smaller and proportionally broader than the 
stem-leaves, but all decidedly serrate upwards. Where the 
plants grow scattered, the leaves are longer, loosely set and 
spreading. Capsule pyriform, elongate; when mature, ofa 
scarlet hue. EA 

The only moss with which Br. erythrocarpon can be Co? 
founded, is a large variety of Br. atropurpureum, W. and M 7 
which has been found near Tonbridge Wells by Mr. Jenner, i 
and near Bristol by Mr. Thwaites. The latter may, how” 
ever, be distinguished by the following characters. 
leaves, though narrow, have a decided acumination ; they? 
quite entire or faintly denticulate near the apex, and 
nerve is considerably excurrent. The pedicel is more 0 ) 
The capsule is regular (mostly slightly curved inwards 
Br. erythrocarpon), and, though unusually elongated, © 
collum, sporangium, and operculum, are all ventricose. ^ 
operculum is larger, and terminated by a scarcely 1 
umbo; but in Br. erythrocarpon there is always an ap. 
which sometimes equals the rest of thelid. The inner p^ 
tome is white, and contrasts strongly with the deep 
red of the outer paries of the capsule. : 
2. Bryum lacustre, Brid.; * Hermaphroditum ; caule t 

erecto, radiculoso, infra foliis destituto ; foliis inf 


NEW BRITISH MOSSES. 171 


ovato-acuminatis, superioribus ovato-lanceolatis, concavis, 
margine revolutis, integerrimis, costa cum vel sub apice 
evanida instructis, perichætialibus angustioribus ; capsula 
nutante vel pendula, pyriformi, annulata; operculo par- 
vulo, convexo, apiculato; peristomio interno ciliis rudi- 
mentariis seu nullis."— Bryol. Eur. 

* Bryum lacustre Brid. Mant. Musc. p. 120; Br. cer- 
nuum Brid. Bryol. univ. Suppl. p. 857; Mnium lacustre, 
Bland. Musc. exsice.—Schwaegr. Suppl. 1, P. II, p. 135, 
Tab. 79.—Réhl, Deutsch. Flora, II, p. 96; Hypnum la- 
custre, Web, et Mohr, Bot. Taschb., p. 285; Pohlia lacustris, 
Hübener Musc. Germ. p. 483 (nec Schwaegr. sp. Muse.) ; Bry- 
um cespiticium var. Musc. Brit. 201.—Walker—Arnott, 
Disp. Meth. 46.” (fide B. et 8.) 

Haz. “ Gathered at Ealing, forty years ago, by Mr. Eagle.” 

Borrer in litt., Apr. 1844. ` = 

I have compared this moss (which was given to Mr. Borrer 
by Mr. Eagle without name) with specimens of Bryum la- 
custre (Bryol. Eur.) from M. Bruch, and find them to corres- 
pond exactly, except in the smaller size and the somewhat 
broader and firmer leaves. 

Stems not exceeding three or four lines in length, slightly 
branched, reddish, and as well as the branches, leafless to- 
wards their base, but densely radieulose. Leaves patent 
(on the innovations erecto-patent), yellowish-green, not 
closely imbricated, ovate, apiculate or acuminulate, very con- 
Cave, keeled, recurved at the margins; the perichætial leaves 
 Ovato-rotund ; all widely areolate (not margined with two or 
three rows of narrow cellules as in Br. cernuum and inclina- 
tum), nerved nearly (more rarely quite) to the summit. In- 
florescence hermaphrodite; antheridia numerous. Vaginula 
Small. Seta very long in proportion to the size of the cap- 
‘Sule. : Capsule pendulous, pyriform, widely areolated, often 
abortive (as remarked also by B. and S.) Annulus broad. — 


Peristome short; the inner very fragile, partially glued tothe _ ee 


"iter; pohlioid, the processes perforated. Lid conical. Spores 


172 NEW BRITISH MOSSES. 


3. Bryum forquescens, B. et S. “ Hermaphroditum, dense 
cæspitosum ; caule ramoso, ramuloso, toto radiculoso ; fo- 
liis inferioribus ovato-lanceolatis, cuspidatis ; superioribus 
ovatis, cuspidatis, caulinis haud longioribus; omnibus m- 
tegerrimis, margine reflexis, costa percurrente instructis, 
siccitate tortilibus ; capsule obconica, magna, inclinata; 
operculo convexo, acuminulato."— Bryol. Eur. 

Has. * Among Bryum nutans on a small rock on the shore. 
of Gormire Lake, near Thirsk, Yorkshire." —JMr. Borrer. 
This species may be distinguished from Br. capillare 

Hedw. and Br. obconicum B. and S. by the kermaphrodite 

inflorescence (the fertile flowers including numerous anther- 

dia), the incurved capsule and the narrower leaves. From ‘ 
the former it differs also in the clavate capsule and the longer - 
apiculate lid, and from the latter in the leaves being much 
twisted when dry. Myr. Borrer’s specimens differ from Sar- 
dinian ones, given me by M. Bruch, in being smaller ané 
more delicate, the leaves obovato-lanceolate, and the capsu^ — 

paler. It is perhaps the same form as that mentioned by . 

B. and S. from New Holland, * où. ;..il est plus tendre? — 

capsule plus pâle et munie d'opercule plus pointu.” e 

4. Bryum uliginosum, B. et. S. * Monoicum, ccespitosum: : 
caule brevi, radieuloso, innovationibus brevibus ramoso; — 
foliis ovali-lanceolatis, margine e cellulis angustioribus 0b- 3 

scurius tinctis reflexo, superne plano, inferioribus minoribus, ; : 
erectis, superioribus in comam digestis patulis; caps" 
annulata, inclinata, pendula, subirregulari, operculo mam- 
millari, peristomii dentibus subito subulatis.”—Bryol. Eu 
“ Pohlia uliginosa, Al. Braun mis. Bruch olim.; CladodiU? 
uliginosum, Brid. Bryol. univ. Y, p. 841 (Suppl. (fi 
B. et S.) ges 
Has. Heslington Fields, near York, where I first o oe 
it in Nov. 1841, but the fruit is mature in August and 
September. On tufa under the New River Bridge 
Castle-Howard. Sea-shore at Scalby Mills, near went? 
often nearly buried in sand. “ About Whitby and 9307 
end, plentiful ;" Mr. Ibbotson. ** Broken Brow, 


H 


$ 
NEW BRITISH MOSSES. 175 


ton, near Manchester, growing with Br. pallens ;”* Dr. J. B. 
Wood and Mr. Buxton. “In one of the highest branches. 
of the Wythburn Beck, near the junction of Cumberland 
and Westmoreland ;" Mr. Borrer. 

This is most nearly allied to Br. pallens, Swartz, (Br. tur- 
binatum, Musc. Brit.), but may be distinguished by the fol- 
lowing characters. 

Leaves much larger, more erect, proportionally narrower 
and tapering more towards the point, very distinctly margi- 
nated, the upper of a bluish-green hue, those towards the 
base gradually assuming a tinge of red, especially on the 
nerve; but the redness of the foliage in Br. pallens is quite 
characteristic of the species. Inflorescence monoicous, (dioi- 
. cous in Br. pallens) ; male flowers much smaller and contain- 
. ing fewer antheridia, the outer perigonial leaves not recurved. 

Capsules usually larger, irregular, the sporangium propor- 

. tionally not so wide, and the collum quite equalling it in 
. length; the mouth in Br. pallens is oblique, but less so than 
. in Br. uliginosum, which resembles in this respect Br. Zierii 
and demissum. Operculum distinctly apiculate. Teeth of 
Outer peristome acuminate. Inner peristome destitute of 
cilia or with merely rudimentary ones; that of Br. pallens 
normally ciliate, yet not uniformly so. 

The capsules of Br. uliginosum vary in direction from hori- 
. Zontal to pendulous; in Mr. Ibbotson’s specimens they are 
quite pendulous, regular, and the mouth is scarcely oblique. 
. When just mature they are usually of a milk-white hue ; but 
in my Castle-Howard specimens, which grew exposed to the - 
dripping of water, they are deep brown on the upper, and 
greenish on the under surface. 


* The Bryum turbinatum of Hobson's British Mosses is a mixture of Br. 
uliginosum and pallens from this locality. 

T Instances have been found by Mr. Wilson among Dr. Wood's Pilking- 
T Specimens of Br. pallens, of capsules whose inner peristome is furnished _ 
with merely rudimentary cilia, and I have myself gathered a var. on Stock- 
ton Forest, in which they are entirely wanting. | or ue 


e 


174 NEW BRITISH MOSSES. 


Bryum uliginosum also approaches closely to Br. inclina- 
tum; but as B. and S. remark: * Notre plante se distingue 
également bien du Br. inclinatum par la couleur pile de sa 
capsule, par le dos bombé de cette dernière, et enfin par les 
dents fortement infléchies par la dessication, laissant sortir 
dans leurs interstices les processus redressés.” S 
5. Hypnum elodes, nov. sp. ; caule tenui, ramoso, ramis pmi- 

natis; folis laxe imbricatis, caulinis patulis, lanceolatis; 
longe acuminatis, ramulinis erecto-patulis vel subsecundis, 
subulatis; omnibus integerrimis, nervo perdurante. 

Has. In wet places on Stockton Forest, near York; grow 
ing with H. scorpioides and lycopodioides, Schw. (H. adun- 
cum, var.); Aug. 1842. ; SSA 
Stems about 3 inches long, procumbent or (where closely 

tufted) erect, irregularly branched, the branches pinnate. 

Leaves brownish, the terminal ones assuming a tinge % 

green, loosely set; the cauline ones patent, narrow-ovato- 

lanceolate with a long acumination and a slightly excurrent 
nerve; those of the branches erecto-patent, very - 

(except the upper ones which are subsecund, especially when 

dry), subulate or even subulato-setaceous, nerved to | 

point; all entire. : E 
Although I have not met with the fruit of this Hypnu®” 

its habit is so distinet from any other with which lau 

acquainted, that I venture (with the sanction of M. ; 
to propose it as new. Its nearest ally is perhaps the ner ^" 
leaved variety of Hypnum stellatum (H. chrysophyllum, PP 
H. polymorphum, Musc. Brit., nec Hedw.) ; but this G% 
in the far more closely set, squarrose leaves, which are n 
broader (ovato- or cordato-acuminate), the nerve not extending 
beyond the middle, and more slender, and the | 
wider (cellules shorter and broader) H. H. fluitans, fim 
and fuviatile approach it on the other hand; however ! 
all differ from itin the form of the leaves. From the first 

these the constantly percurrent nerve will assist in d 

guishing it, and from the second the entire leaves and 


NEW BRITISH MOSSES, 175 


absence of radicles on the stem ; while the striated leaves of 

H. fluviatile, their looser texture and far stouter nerve, afford 

characters sufficiently distinctive. 

6. Hypnum polymorphum, Hedw. *'Trunco tenui, bifariam 
ramificato; ramis subsimplicibus; foliis eductulosis, ex 
ovato longe acuminatis, semper patentibus varie direc- 
tionis, Sporangiis cernuis, operculo conico." Spec. Musc. 
p- 259, t. 66. 

H. stellatum, var. y, Bridel Bryol. univ. p. 602. H. Som- 
merfeltii, Myrin in Herb. Hook. (fide Wilson). : 
Han. On wet limestone at Crambeck, and on the ruins of 

Kirkham Abbey, in the Vale of the Yorkshire Derwent; 

the fruit-mature in May. 

That the Hypnum polymorphum of the * Muscologia Bri- 
tanniea" is distinct from the species of Hedwig (which is 
figured and described with a nerveless leaf) has always been 
maintained by continental botanists, and Bridel in the ** Bryo- 
logia Universalis” has referred it to his H. chrysophyllum. 
To me it appears a mere variety of H. stellatum, as indeed 
Hooker long ago suspected (see * Eng. Flora," vol. V, part I, 
P- 90). In a specimen of H. stellatum given me by Mr. Bor- 
rer from Schimper’s “ Bryologiæ Europææ Stirpes Normales,” 
I find nerved and nerveless leaves even on the same branch 5 . 
and in Ascham Bogs, near York, the large form of that spe- 
cies frequently shows leaves nerved almost quite to the sum- 
mit. Besides, in undoubted examples of H. polymorphum, 
H. and T., the nerve is sometimes short and forked, and not 
seldom altogether wanting; and Dr. Taylor has remarked to 
me, “J find a specimen sent to me of H. chrysophyllum by 

unze (a most accurate muscologist) to have leaves inter- 
mediate, especially as to the nerve, between H. stellatum and 

 polymorphum Now as no other character has ever 
n insisted on for the separation of these two than the 
nerved leaves of the latter and the nerveless ones of the 
former, and experience has amply shown the invalidity of 
this difference, I feel quite justified in considering them forms. 


of the same species, | 


176 NEW BRITISH MOSSES. 


The true H. polymorphum, Hedw., as represented by the 
specimens of M. Bruch, is a small species with the habit of 
H. serpens (as remarked by Hedwig himself), and distin- 
guished from H. stellatum by good though minute characters. 
It is stated to be rare on the continent, and I have not seen 
it from any British stations, except those above-mentioned. 
The following is the result of my observations upon it. 

Stems prostrate, much branched and intricate. Leaves 
squarroso-patent, the upper often subsecund, slightly twisted 
in drying, pale green or brownish, tapering into a long acu- 
mination from an ovate base, entire, nerveless, the margins 
incurved from a little above the base to near the summit, $0 —— 
as to cause the leaves to appear channeled; they taper toa —— 
longer point than in H. stellatum, and the incurvation of the 
margins makes them appear much more suddenly acuminate; 
the reticulation very nearly as wide as in that species, but 
the cellules shorter. Inflorescence monoicous; male flowers —— 
gemmiform, seated at the base of the fertile flower, and also — 
(though more rarely) here and there along the stem; the 
inner perigonial leaves minute, broadly lanceolate, and includ- 
ing few antheridia. (The inflorescence of H. stellatum and 
var. chrysophyllum is dioicous). Female flower: pericheetial 
leaves subdenticulate, scarcely plicate (strongly so in H. stel- : 
latum). Capsule cernuous, oblongo-cylindrical, by no means — 
ovate, pale-coloured, when just mature yellowish-green, rarely — 
tinged with brown on the upper side (that of H. stellatum, — 
deep reddish-brown), the mouth with a pale red margin, want- — 
ing in H. stellatum, the neck longer, the outer paries remark- 
ably thin and delicate; when dry, much contracted below the 
mouth, like that of H. serpens. Operculum conical, obfuse (that | 
of H. stellatum acute), very fugacious. Calyptra white, as ™ — 
H. serpens. Teeth of outer peristome reddish (those 0° 
H. stellatum pale yellow), marked with a medial line, taperin8 
less than those of H. stellatum, when dry incurved betwee? 
the processes of the inner peristome. eua 

It is possible that the authors of Musc. Brit. may have 
included our H. polymorphum in their H. stellatum B. minus 5 


ERE TOR VORTUM 


NEW BRITISH MOSSES. 177 


however, all the specimens I have seen under that name 

belong truly to H. stellatum. 

Mr. Wilson, to whom I am indebted for the synonym of 
Myrin, and who thinks he has found * H. Sommerfeltii some- 
where in Wales," observes **the Yorkshire Hypnum Sommer- 
Jeltii does not exactly correspond with Myrin’s original spe- 
cimen, which has the leaves more decidedly patulo-recurved, 
but on the whole I am inclined to think them only states of 
one species." 

7. Hypnum pratense, Koch, caule subramoso ; foliis laxe im- 
bricatis, secundis, deltoideo-lanceolatis, subacuminatis, in- 
tegerrimis, enerviis; capsula cernua, oblonga; operculo 
conico. 

H. amenum, Drummond's Musci Americani, No. 196, (nec 
Hedwig). 

Has. *Road-sides, among thin grass, near Capel, Surrey, 
and Henfield and Shindon, Sussex; without fruit ;" Mr. 
Borrer, who adds, * I sent this moss when I first found it, 
nearly forty years ago, to Dawson Turner, whose note on 
it, preserved in my collection, is: ‘I have no moss like 
this in my herbarium, nor do I find any description of it. 
Its characters are few and plain. 

* < Caule indiviso, ramo uno alterove brevi erecto; foliis 
circinalibus deltoideo-acuminatis striatis enerviis." 

* Hooker also thought it new.—Arnott (without examina- 
tion perhaps) thought it H. aduncum.—Wilson has called it a 
var. of H. cupressiforme, and remarked : * It is, I believe, the 
same as H, amenum of Drummond's Musci Americani, 
No. 196, but certainly not H. amænum, Hedw. Sp. Musc. 
t. 77, which represents a much smaller moss with decidedly 
falcate leaves, and very like H. incurvatum.’” 

By means of specimens received from M. Bruch, I have been 
enabled to identify Mr. Borrer's moss with Hypnum pratense, : 
Koch, and to decide that it is truly distinct from H. cupreasi- s 
forme, as will be seen by the following diagnosis. SUAE 

Plants resembling H. aduncum in habit, and often present- — 
ing the brownish hue usual i in that pee Stems s very sper : p 


178 NEW BRITISH MOSSES. 


ingly branched, and by no means pinnate. Leaves almost 

triangular in outline, scarcely acuminate, more laaly placed 

and less falcato-secund than in H. cupressiforme. Capsule 
oblong, cernuous (that of H. cupressiforme cylindraceous, 
erecto-cernuous). Lid conical (not rostrate). Annulus broad. 

Teeth of outer peristome not marked with a medial line. - 

Inner peristome more widely areolate, and with shorter 

cilia. 

8. Leskea pulvinata, Wahl. * Surculis procumbentibus sub- 
capillaceis, ramis adscendentibus, foliis ovatis acutis (sub) 
enervibus, capsulis oblongis cernuis.”—Flora Lapponict, 

p. 369. ded 
.L. subenervis, Schwaegr. Suppl. Prim., Sect. posterior, — 

p. 176, Tab. LXXXV. (fide Wilson et Taylor). FRA 

Has. On trees and shrubs in situations exposed to inunda- 
tions from the Ouse, in the neighbourhood of York, where 
I first observed it on the 30th of October, 1841. On wil- 
lows by the Cock, near Tadcaster, sparingly. “On willows 
by the Mersey, near Withington, four miles from Man- 

_ chester, April 16th, 1843 ;? Mr. Nowell and Dr. J. B. Wood. 
From the circumstance of this species always growing 

with L. polycarpa, Hedw. (H. medium, Dicks.), and bearing | 

considerable external resemblance to it, both Dr. Taylor and | 
myself were formerly induced to consider it a mere variety 

in consequence of this, I undertook a complete analysis d 

the two species (the principal results of which are here give 

and sueceeded in proving them truly and abundantly dis 

tinet, 6 

Plants forming extensive cushions or patches on the bark 

oftrees, Stems procumbent; branches slender, but varying 

.in the degree of tenuity,* erect or ascending, level-topP™ 

slightly and irregularly subdivided, save in the circumference 
of the tufts, where there occur prostrate subpinnate shoots - 
In L. polycarpa the stems are for the most part pinnatet? 

branched, loosely spreading, and frequently intricate, 1% 
* Wahlenberg’s specimens are far more slender than most of the York 

shire ones. ; 


NEW BRITISH MOSSES. 179 


with ascending sub-parallel branches ; shoots incrassated to- 
wards the extremity. 

Leaves of a fine lively green, imbricated, ovate, concave, 
patent, their apices pointing upward, appressed when dry, 
with a tendency to become secund,* widely areolate, the 
margins plane; nerve faint, seldom reaching the middle of the 
leaf, often forked and occasionally altogether wanting.t 

In L. polycarpa the leaves are lurid green or brownish 
(rarely of a full green colour), opaque, more loosely set, ovato- 
acuminate, but subobtuse at the summit, their apices point- 
ing outwards or to one side, keeled with the strong nerve, 
which either reaches quite to the point or vanishes just below 
it; the margins strongly reflexed ; the areolation obscure, the 
cellules being scarcely half the size of those in L. pulvinata. 

Inflorescence monoicous. Male flowers numerous, axil- 
lary, gemmiform. Female flowers : outer perichætial leaves 
ovate shortly acuminate, inner oblong-lanceolate ; all nerveless 
and diaphanous. 

In L. polycarpa the male flowers are fewer, proportionally 
much smaller, and include fewer antheridia. The outer peri- 
chetial leayes are ovato-lanceolate, tapering to a narrow 
point, the inner lanceolato-subulate and plicato-striate; all 
nerved nearly quite to the summit. 

Capsule olive-coloured when mature, after the emission 
of the seeds reddish-brown, scarcely inclined, el/iptic-oblong;t 
tapering gradually into the pedicel (spuriously apophysate), 
and also narrowed at its junction with the lid. Seeds green. 

Seta smooth erect, Vaginula oblong. 16 a Ss oe 

In L. polycarpa the mature capsule is greyish, erecto- 
arcuate, subcylindrical, more slender and usually much longer 

* This is peculiarly apparent in Wahlenberg’s specimens ; yet he says 


“ foliis siccitate adpressis, nec subsecundis.” Lr 
T Perhaps it would be more correct to say with Wahlenberg “foliis - 


nervo orbatis ;” for although the so-called nerve is quite as apparent 2. d = : 


his own specimens as in mine, it consists merely of one ortwo ro 
Diva narrower than the rest, and not of any absolute thickening @ 
ü , Gnd noi 


t So Wahl, « Capsulis oblongis, nec subcylindricis.” = 


180 NEW BRITISH MOSSES. 


than that of L. pulvinata, not tapering into the pedicel. Seeds — 
yellowish, only half the diameter of those of the other. Seta — 
longer. ae 
Peristome delicate and fugacious : outer teeth equal to the 4 
inner, marked with 16-19 trabeculæ ; inner peristome reddish, — 
the processes slender (only one third the breadth of the inter E: 
mediate spaces) obscurely marked with a medial line, united - 
into a narrow basal membrane, through which the medial lines — 
distinctly produced. Annulus none. a 
In L. polycarpa the teeth are more numerously trabeculate, : 
and traversed by a medial line; the processes of the innt - 
peristome are pale-coloured, firmer and broader than in D. 
pulvinata (very nearly as broad as the intermediate spaces) 
marked with a very distinct medial line, not unfrequently 
with rudimentary cilia between them; the membrane into 
which they are united twice as broad as that of L. pulvinata 
and more widely areolated ; central line of the processes not 
continued down into the membrane. (In L. polycarpa he 
outer peristome is most fugacious, in L, pulvinata the inner 
it is very common to find empty capsules of the former W^ 
the outer peristome fallen away, while the inner rema 
quite perfect)* Annulus present, consisting of a Si 
series of cellules. A 
Operculum pale yellow, hemispherical below, tapering UP" 
wards into a short oblique point. Calyptra dimidiate. —— 
In L. polycarpa the operculum is red at the base and apes 
slightly inclined, conical and somewhat obtuse, half as long 
again as that of L. pulvinata. : z 
9. Leskea Sprucii, Bruch MSS., caule erecto, tenuissimo 
dichotome ramoso ; foliis laxe imbricatis, tam madore quam 


* The explanation of this appears to be that in L. pulvinata the outer 
teeth are incurved from the very base, and after the emission of the 5° 
so strongly so as to cause the destruction of the inner peristome, W ul V 
themselves remain uninjured; but in L. polycarpa the outer tee 
recurved at the base then bent upwards and incurved into an a 


circular form, and they finally break off at the base, leaving the 
peristome quite entire, 


NEW BRITISH MOSSES. 181 


siecitate erecto-patulis, anguste-ovatis, acuminatis, enervi- 
bus, sparsim denticulatis, perichætialibus spinuloso-ser- 
ratis; seta levi; capsula parva, ovali, suberecta ; operculo 
conico, obtuso. 

Hypnum confervoides Drummond's Musci Americani, No. 

190; (nec Bridel). 

Has. Growing intermixed with Jungermannia trichophylla on 
basaltic rocks in a shaded situation by the Tees’ side below 
Winch Bridge. I observed only a single patch, destitute 
of capsules, but possessing perichetia. 

Guided by the authority of Drummond’s Musci Americani, 

I published this moss in my “ Musci and Hepaticæ of Tees- 

dale” as Hypnum confervoides, Brid., not, however, without 

adding a mark of doubt, for I perceived that it differed in 

Some points from the character given by Schwaegrichen. I 

have since received from Dr. Montagne and Mr. Borrer (ex 

Schimper) specimens of the £rue H. confervoides, which 

enable me to decide that my moss is a very distinct (though 

allied) species. M. Bruch, in the London Journal of Botany, 
has referred Drummond’s moss to Leskea subtilis, Hedw., 
and a similar opinion was formerly entertained by Dr. Taylor ; 
but both these distinguished Cryptogamists now declare 
themselves convinced of its being a new and undescribed 

Species. The former has observed to me, “entre Hypn. con- 

Servoides, Leskea subtilis et votre Leskea il y a une telle affi- 

nité dans le habitus, la forme et le tissu réticulaire des feuilles 

et dans l'inflorescence, qu'elles doivent étre placées dans une 
disposition naturelle à la méme section. C'est pourquoi je 

Proposerais, pour éviter de l'erreur, de changer le nom et de 

donner à cette belle espèce celui de Leskea Sprucii.” I am 

happy to add also the testimony of two such able botanists as 
T. Wilson and Dr. Montagne, who have from the first main- 

tained the same opinion respecting this moss as myself. 
Leskea Sprucii differs from L, subtilis in being still smaller 

and more delicate ; the stems erect and very sparingly branched 

(but in L, subtilis procumbent and much branched); the 


182 NEW BRITISH MOSSES. 


leaves smaller and paler, and not running out to quite so long — 
a point, unchanged in direction when dry (but in L. subtilis 
closely appressed and subsecund), sparingly and minutely | 
denticulate at the margins, more rarely entire: those of the 
perichetium remarkably serrate, but entire in L. subtilis; the 
capsule slightly inclined, shorter than that of L. subtilis, when 
dry contracted from below the mouth, assuming the form 
of a cornucopie; operculum shorter and not apiculate; 
inner peristome excessively fragile, with or without rudi- - 
mentary cilia. E 
Leskea confervoides (Hypnum confervoides, Brid.; H. Con- 
ferva, Schwgr.) is to be distinguished from L. Sprucü by the 
prostrate pinnatedly-branched stems, often denuded below; 
the leaves more spreading and with a tendency to become 
secund, appressed when dry; chose of the perichetium entire; 
the stouter pedicel; the much larger capsule, of a darker 
hue, oblong and cernuous ; the operculum much larger and 
terminating in an apiculus which equals one-third of be 
whole; the teeth of the outer peristome marked with a medial 
line; the inner peristome firmer and the cilia perfect. +% 
inflorescence of all three species is monoicous, and in L 
Sprucii the female flowers are remarkably numerous. E 
10. Mnium stellare, Hedw., *dioicum ; surculis omnibus 
erectis, sterilibusve decurvis; foliis decurrentibus, ovali- 
oblongis, acuminatis, immarginatis, serratis, costa SU). 
apicem evanescente ; capsula solitaria nutante, subinclinata, 
ovali-ovata, operculo hemisphærico vel conico-hemi 
rico” Bryol. Eur. m 
**Mnium stellare, Hedw., Spec. Musc., p. 191, T. 4 
Schwaegr. Suppl. Y. P. 2, p. 128; Bryum Polla stellaris, 
Brid. Bryol. Univ. I, p. 691. Hypnum stellare, W. et M.B. 
T. p. 294 ;” (fide B. et S.) ee 
Has. Gilla Leys Wood, Castle Howard, where it grows ? 
the roots of trees and on masses of tufa, chiefly near the 
stream called Crambeck; Jan. 1841. Mowthorpe Da% 
with perichætia, Jan. 1844. Loyer’s Walks, Matlock Ba 


NEW BRITISH MOSSES. 183 


* Dennant, near Castle Conway ; June, 1844 ;" Mr. Wilson. 

“Todmorden ;^ Mr. Nowell; * Teesdale ;? Mr. Ibbotson. 

It is very probable that this species has often been passed - 
over for Mn. hornum or serratum (Bryum marginatum, Dicks), 
between which it is intermediate in size and appearance. It 
may, however, be distinguished from these, and from every 
other known species, by the leaves being distinctly serrated 
and at the same time destitute of thickened margins. During 
the process of drying it often assumes a bluish tinge, which 
in old specimens passed off into yellowish-brown. On slender 
innovations the leaves are bifariously arranged. 

11. Orthotrichum coarctatum, Pal. Beauv., “ monoicum, pul- 
vinatum ; caule erecto vel basi decumbente, ramoso, foliis 
patulis, siccitate crispatis, lineari-lanceolatis, costato-cari- 
natis, margine subplanis; capsula alte exserta, ovali-oblonga, 
8 striata, siccitate ore coarctata 8 costata ; calyptra conico- 
campanulata, pilosissima, margine laciniata ; ciliis raris- 
sime 16." Bryol. Eur. 

* O. coarctatum, Pal. Beauv. prodr. p. 80. Schwaegr. 
Suppl. I, P. 2, p. 26, T. 52; Brid. Bryol. univ. I, p. 288; 
Hook. et Grev. Journ. of Sc. 1824, p. 125; Ulota Bruchii, 
Brid. Briol. univ. Y, p. 7943? (fide B. et S.) 

Han. Frequent on trees in the Castle-Howard Woods. 

This may be distinguished at sight from O. erispum by the 
leaves being much less crisped when dry; they are besides 
narrower and more widely areolate. Vaginula larger, usually 
more hairy, Pedicel longer. Capsule larger, less clavate, 
more widely areolate, the strie narrower and deeper-coloured. 
Operculum larger, and mostly tapering more suddenly from 
à shorter base, yet certainly variable in this respect. Cilia 
filiform, from an expanded. base, (in O. crispum, subulate, 
broad, and composed of two rows of cellules). 

12. Orthotrichum fastigiatum, Bruch. in Brid., * monoicum, 
Subpulvinatum ; caule ramoso, ramis fastigiatis; foliis 
erecto-patentibus, patulisve, siccitate imbricatis, ovato- 

latis, costato-carinatis ; capsula pyriformi-oblonga, 


184 NEW BRITISH MOSSES. 


longicolla, late striata; calyptra campanulata, straminea, 

pilosa.” Bryol, Eur. 

* ©, fastigiatum, Bruch in Brid. Bryol. univ. L, p. 7853 0. i 
affine, Schwaegr. Suppl. I, P. 2, p. 19, T. 49, (nec Schrader)?" — ; 
(fide B. et S.) HEU 
Has. “On trees by a footpath between Greta Bridge and — 

Rokeby; 1810 ;" Mr. Borrer. ee 

Leaves shorter and broader than in O. affine, evidently — 
acuminate, more widely areolated, strongly revolute at the 2 
margins. Calyptra slightly pilose, straw-coloured, tipped with i 
deep brown (but greyish-green in O. affine). Vaginula smooth. — 
Pedicel not exceeding the vaginula, tapering into the collum. - 
Capsule wider and rather shorter than in O. affine, mote 
widely striated. Cilia linear, of a double series of cellules, 
scarcely equalling the teeth. Operculum equalling or €x- 
ceeding that of O. affine. Ww 

O. stramineum (described in the Bot. Society's Transat- — 
tions) bears great external resemblance to O. fastigiatum, but — 
differs in the greener, narrower leaves; the scarlet-tipped : 
calyptra (which indeed distinguishes it from all its allies 
except O. patens) ; the very hairy vaginula; the shorter cap- 
sule, when dry usually emersed or even exserted beÿon® 
the perichætial leaves, and with the sporangium less, ge 
collum more contracted; the much shorter operculum, not. 
margined with red ; finally in the subulate cilia, composed m 
a single series of cellules, and more frequently 16 than 8 1 
number. . z 
13. Orthotrichum pallens, Bruch in Bridel, *€ monoicum» 

humile, subpulvinatum ; caule parce ramoso ; foliis pate 

tibus, siccitate imbricatis, lanceolatis, costato-carinat 

margine revolutis, infimis acuminatis, superioribus 9" 

tusiusculis ; capsula elliptico-oblonga, striata; calyp"* 

conico-campanulata, nuda, pallida.” Bryol. Eur. 

O. pallens, Bruch in Brid. Bryol. univ. Y, p. 788. ^ — 
Has. Growing with O, Sprucii in Clifton Inns near York 

June, 1849. : | a 


: 


NEW BRITISH MOSSES. 185 


Plants forming very small, compact tufts. Stems short 
(3 or 4 lines in length), each bearing a capsule, simple or 
once dichotomous. Leaves imbricated, suberect (appressed 
when dry), ovato-lanceolate, much broader than in O. affine: 
sub-obtuse, sometimes apiculate, concave, often subplicate, 
navicular at the apex, the areolation slightly wider than in 
O. affine. Vaginula and calyptra smooth, the latter greyish. 
Capsule emersed, pale-coloured when just mature, elongato- 
pyriform, with a long neck tapering into the pedicel (which à 
little exceeds the vaginula), the outer paries rather widely 
areolated, and niarked with 8 broad strive.  Peristome of 
8 bigeminate teeth, arched into à hemisphere when moist, 
though slightly turned up at the apices; when dry reflexed, 
rarely separate: Cilia 16, the alternate ones usually not more 
than half the length of the others, yet sometimes equalling 
them, filiform, composed ofa single series of cellules. Oper- 
culum convex, shortly rostrate. 

O. pallens is difficult to separate from O: tenellum by the 
eye; the best field-characters are afforded by the subcylin- 
drical capsule of the latter, the collum not tapering into the 
pedicel, and the mach larger, strdw-coloured and slightly pilose 
calyptra, 

14. Orthotrichum pumilum, Schwaegr., “ monoicum, pulvi- 
natum, humile; caule dichotome ramoso, dense folioso; 
foliis patulis, siccitate imbricatis, lanceolatis, obtusiusculis, 
Costato-concavis; capsula ovata, brevicolla, late striata; - 
calyptra campanulata, nuda.” Bryol. Eur. on 

. “O. pumilum, Schwaegr. Suppl. 1, P. 22, T. 505 Kaulfuss 

n Sturm Deutschl. flor. crypt., Heft. 165 Brid. Bryol. univ. 

1, 256; Web: et Mohr. bot. T: 232; O. affine, B. pumilum, 

Hook, et Tayl. Musc. Brit. p. 74. 

en On an ash-tree in Clifton Ings, near York; April, 

43. i 
This is very distinct from O. affine (of which it is made a 


| € in Muse. Brit.) by the following characters. Leaves 

Shorter and wider, the upper slightly apiculate, not recurved 

E ‘Mtoe of Où affine most commonly aré, the margins strongly 
zi tdopccened eos 


VOL. fv. 


186 NEW BRITISH MOSSES. 


revolute, the areolation something wider, less distinctly dotted 
and scarcely papillose, their hue a deep dull green, with 
none of that yellow tinge usual in O. affine. Pedicel shorter 
(barely equalling the vaginula) not tapering at all into the 
collum, but in O. affine passing gradually into it. Capsule 
much shorter and rounder, more widely areolated, the strie 
reddish, in O. affine pale yellow. Operculum shorter, conical ; 
that of O. affine always decidedly rostrate. Calyptra more 
convex, covering two thirds of the capsule. Peristome shorter; 
the cilia about half the length of the teeth. 

O. fallax, Bruch., is the nearest ally of O. pumilum, and is 
to be distinguished from it by the longer and sharper pointed 
upper leaves, the longer capsule, constituted of a more deli- 
cate membrane, the much paler strie, the longer inner pe- 
ristome, and the pedicel tapering into the collum. 

I may add that British Botanists appear to have been in 
the habit of referring to Orthotrichum affine B. pumilum any 
small Orthotrichum with an immersed capsule and 8 cilia; 
and I have seen O. pumilum, O. fallax, O. tenellum and O. 
stramineum preserved in herbaria under this name. 

15. Orthotrichum Sprucii, Montagne in litt., monoicum, sub- 
pulvinatum ; caule subramoso; foliis erecto-patulis, ligu- 
lato-oblongis, apice rotundatis minute apiculatis, carinatis, 
laxe areolatis, margine recurvis, nervo pone apicem eva 
nescente ; capsula obovato-pyriformi, brevicolla, angustius 
8-striata ; calyptra campanulata, nuda ; peristomii dentibus 
bigeminatis, madore horizontalibus, siccitate reflexis. 

Has. * Near Glasgow, 1824;” Dr. Walker-Arnott. Fre- a 
quent on trees and shrubs on the banks of the Ouse, neat 
York, where it grows in company with Leskea pulvinata 3 
and Tortula latifolia; first observed in January, 1842. — 
Banks of the Wharfe and Cock. By the Derwent neat —— 
Matlock Bath. “On rails, stumps, &c., within the reach — 
of floods about Henfield, Sussex, and Burford Bridge 
Surrey (and doubtless common in these counties); very 
often accompanied by Tortula latifolia; Mr. Borrer. 
“Near Bristol;" Mr. Thwaites. “ Banks of the Sence, 
near Twycross, Leicestershire ;” Rev. A. B. Bloxam. 


NEW BRITISH MOSSES. 187 


Stems simple or sparingly dichotomous. Leaves blackish- 
Steen (probably owing to the locality), erecto-patent or 
patent; the lower oblong, with or without an apiculus, con- 
cave, with plane margins, destitute of chlorophyll, the nerve 
seldom reaching above the middle; the upper more elongated, 
ovali- or oblong-ligulate, minutely apiculate, with broadly re- 
curved margins, chlorophyllose, the nerve longer, yet failing 
decidedly below the summit and more suddenly than usual 
in the genus ; all very obtuse, keeled, the perichætial ones so 
strongly so as to be almost conduplicate, the areolation wider 
than in any other European species except O. diaphanum, 
the nerve slender in proportion to the breadth of the leaf. 
Pedicel scarcely exserted beyond the vaginula, tapering into 
the neck of the capsule. Capsule brownish, overtopped by 
the perichætial leaves, obovato-pyriform, short-necked, the 
outer paries rather thin, closely areolated near the mouth, 
marked with 8 narrow yellowish striæ (of 4-5 rows of cellules, 
the interstices of 11-14). Operculum convex, apiculate. Ca- 
— lyptra large, greyish, campanulate, convex, naked. Outer 

Peristome when moist nearly horizontally connivent over the 

mouth of the capsule, when dry reflexed, the teeth rarely 

Separated. Cilia 8, composed of a single (more rarely of a 

double) series of cellules, dilated at the base, equalling the 
. teeth or nearly so, when moist horizontal, when dry erecto- 
arcuate, Seeds deep olive, minutely granulated, slightly 
_ Smaller than the pale green seeds of O. affine. Male flowers 
. terminal or pseudo-axillary, gemmiform, perigonial leaves 
: 9vate, or even suborbicular, very concave, with a slender 
. herve ; antheridia on a rather long pedicel, destitute of pa- 
1 raphyses, | 
= As above stated, Dr. Arnott gathered this species near 
Glasgow in 1824 ; at that time he considered it a var. of : 
: O. affine, corresponding with the O. Rogeri of Bridel. On the 
authority of Dr, Arnott’s Glasgow specimens, Mr. Wilson 
referred my moss to O. Rogeri, and the same. opinion has 
been adopted by Bruch, neither of these eminent Botanists 
Possessing an original example of Bridel’s moss. From the 


PZ 


188 NEW BRITISH MOSSES. 


first, I have disputed the correctness of this decision, and on 

communicating my doubts to Dr. Montagne, he perfectly 

agreed with me in regarding the moss a nondescript, and 
bestowed upon it the name under which it is now published. 

Very lately, I have received from Dr. Arnott a scrap of an 

original specimen of O. Rogeri (gathered by Roger and named 

by Bridel himself) which has convinced me that O. Sprucii is 
truly distinct from it, and to this opinion Mr. Wilson now 

cordially assents. I am not disposed even to consider O. 

Rogeri its nearest ally ; the leaves of the latter are yellowish 

(as Bridel describes them), rather widely areolate, yet much 

less so than in O. Sprucii, far longer and narrower (not dif- _ 

fering much in form from those of O. affine) and by no means 
apiculate ; the capsule is very different in form (** elongato- 
oblonga") and the cilia, according to Schwaegrichen : * ex- 
ternis dimidio fere breviores." In the field, small specimens 
of O. Sprucii might be mistaken for O. pumilum, which seems 

to me to be the species most closely related to it; but a 

comparison of the characters given above of these two mosses 

will show that they may be readily distinguished on exami- 
nation. In fact, there is no European species with which 

O. Sprucii can possibly be confounded. Dr. Montagne 

remarks to me: ** Ses feuilles la feront re nus de tous les 

autres, méme de PO. Rogeri....Je mai pas vu une seule 
feuille sans apicule. C'est, avec la forme ligulée, le caractère 
spécifique le plus constant." 

16. Orthotrichum fenellum, Bruch. in Brid., * monoicum, 
minute pulvinatum; caule brevi, parce ramoso; folis 
patulis, siccitate laxe imbricatis, lanceolatis, acutiusculis, | - 
carinatis; capsula emergente subcylindracea, late striata, 
siccitate costata ; bilyýira conico-campanulata, subpilosa.” 
O. tenellum, Brickia Brid. Bryol. univ. 1, p. 786. 

Han. Very fine on trees by the river Cock, near Tadcaster, 
Yorkshire, as also by the Derwent at Matlock Bridge | 
Derbyshire. In several stations near Castle Howard, yet - 
nowhere abundant. “ Beaumaris ;” Mr. Borrer. “Onan 
apple-tree, Dundry, near Bristol ;" Mr. Thwaites. 


NEW BRITISH MOSSES. 189 


This may be distinguished from O. affine, which it some- 
what resembles, by its much smaller size; the smaller and 
cylindraceous capsule, which is more widely areolate and 
marked with 8 broad orange-coloured strie ; the shorter almost 
conical lid; the much larger straw-coloured calyptra, and the 
proportionally smaller and less opaque peristome. 

17. Phascum Floerkeanum, Web. et Mohr. 

Var. B. * foliis longioribus, angustioribus, magisque pa- 
tulis distincta, calyptra ob capsulam angustiorem semper 
conica erectaque occurrit." Bryol. Eur. 

Phascum badium, Nees et Hornsch., Bryol. Germ. 1, p. 53, 
t. V, f. 11, (fide B. et S.) 

Has. In a stubble-field on the S. side of Bulmer Hagg, near 
Castle Howard, growing with Pottia minutula. Br 
Leaves much narrower than in the normal form, brown, 

the nerve rather strong, the margins subdenticulate upwards 

and reflexed. Calyptra conical, quite erect, generally with 
two or more fissures at the base. 

Phascum Floerkeanum is frequent in the autumn in stubble- 
fields on a clayey soilin the neighbourhood of Castle Howard, 
where I have found specimens uniting it with the var. a. 

18. Phaseum friguetrum, n. sp., monoicum, subacaule; foliis 
trifarie dispositis, conniventibus, obovatis, apiculatis, cari- 
nato-navicularibus, margine reflexis, costa excurrente; cap- 
sula magna, horizontali, sphærica, immersa. 

Ph. triquetrum, Spruce in Eng. Bot. Suppl. ined. 

Has. In bare spots among short grass on the summit of the 
cliffs between Brighton and Newhaven, where it was dis- 
covered by Mr. Borrer in April, 1844. 

Plants appearing to the eye like little triangular bulbs, 
equalling those of Ph. muticum in size, about 9-leaved, green 
at the time of flowering but assuming a reddish-brown tinge 
as they advance towards maturity. Leaves trifarious, closely 
imbricated and connivent; the three lowest minute, ovate, 
nerveless, occasionally cloven; the three uppermost (those of — 
the perichzetium) broadly obovate, apiculate, sharply carinate, 
remarkably boat-shaped, being hollowed out upwards as it 
Were for the reception of the capsule (which they closely em- 


190 NEW BRITISH MOSSES. 


brace), and having the nerve bent almost at a right-angle at 

the point of greatest concavity, their margins reflexed above 
and denticulate, their points recurved and diaphanous, their : 
nerve slightly excurrent; the intermediate leaves resemble 
those of the perichætium except in being smaller and less 
concave. Inflorescence monoicous ; male flowers gemmiform, 
one or two arising from near the base of the plant, each con- 
sisting of 3 or 4 minute obovato-lanceolate nerveless leaves, 
sometimes unequally bifid or even trifid, including 2 anthe- 
ridia, destitute of paraphyses. Vaginula small. Calyptra 
minute, diaphanous, covering a very small portion of the 
capsule, subdimidiate, usually remaining in adhesion to the 
capsule by its entireside. Pedicel very slender, curved at an 
early stage, but gradually raising itself erect as the capsule 
advances towards maturity, suddenly bent at a right angle at 
its junction with the capsule. Capsule large, obsoletely 
rostellate and the axis considerably depressed when young, 
but when fully grown spherical and the axis very nearly ho- 
rizontal. Seeds rather large. 

The only species for which this beautiful and interesting 
Phascum can be mistaken is Ph. muticum. The latter is 
however, admirably distinguished by the perichetial leaves 
being only #wo (not three) in number, strongly convolute and 
not keeled, their margins plane, their nerve never running be- 
yond the point, and their areolation closer than that of P^. 
triquetrum. Besides, the pedicel is shorter and stouter, the 
calyptra campanulate, the capsule smaller and quite erect, the 
seeds are smaller, and the inflorescence is monoicous. 

To Mr. Wilson I am indebted for the information that 2c 
Phascum triquetrum is published in Drummond's Musti 
Americani as Ph. muticum: he says * Your new Phascum I 
have never seen before, as British, but I know it partially a5 — 
No. 8, (Ph. muticum), of Drummond's Musci Amer., though} — 
had not ventured to separate it from Ph. muticum.” He has also 
kindly examined the mosses preserved under the name of PA. 
muticum in the Hookerian Herbarium, and finds Ph. triquetrum 
** gathered near Cagliari by Müller and distributed by the Unio 
Itineraria under the name of * Ph. muticum, many years ag- 


NEW BRITISH MOSSES. 191 


It is also given under that name by Moug. and Nestler as 

No. 802 of their Stirp. Crypt. Vogeso-Rhen., 1826.” 

19. Tortula ambigua, B. et S., “dioica; brevicaulis; foliis 
patulis, ligulato-lanceolatis, obtusis, apice subincurvis, cap- 
sula cylindrica erecta, annulo simplici subpersistente in- 
structa; operculo breviori, elongato-conico, margine in- 
tegro; calyptra brevi, solum operculum obtegente; peris- 
tomio brevi, semel contorto.” Bryol. Eur. 

“ Barbula rigida, trunco exiguo, foliis patentibus margine 
involutis, thecis oblongis erectis. Hedwig. Musc. Frond. I, 
p. 65, T. 25, fig. 3 et 5; ejusd. spec. musc. p. 116. Bridel 
Bryol. univ. Y, p. 528, et Suppl. I, p. 824;” (fide B. et 8.) 
Has. On a mud capped wall by the side of the road leading 

out of New Malton towards York, where I found a single 

patch growing along with abundance of T. rigida, Nov. 19. 

1844, 

This new species belongs to the small group of Aloid 
Tortule, which comprehends besides it only three species, 
viz. Tortule rigida Schultz (T. enervis Musc. Brit.) T. aloides 
B. et S. (T. rigida Turn., Musc. Brit.) and T. brevirostris Hook. 
et Grev. Between the two former of these it is almost inter- 
mediate, but differs from both in the more spreading leaves, 
with usually cucullate apices. From T. rigida, it differs far- 
ther in the longer leaves, the longer and cylindrical (not 
ovato-oblong) capsule, the shorter operculum, the much nar- 
rower annulus, the peristome only once twisted (in T. rigida 
3 or 4 times), and ¢he calyptra merely covering the lid, but in 
T. rigida sheathing half the capsule. From T. aloides it may 
be distinguished by the broader and less acute leaves, with a 
much broader and thinner nerve, the capsule erect and of a uni- 
form colour, while that of T. aloides is curved and of a deeper 
hue on the upper than the underside, the subulate (not ros- 
trate) lid, the broader basal membrane of the peristome and the 
smaller seeds, 

I have attentively studied Tortula ambigua and believe it a 
good species; for although I have now and then found a cap- 
sule of T, rigida with the peristome equally short and only 


192 NEW BRITISH MOSSES. 


once twisted, yet the other characters (and especially that 

derived from the calyptra) were always constant and unequi- 

vocal. 

20. Tortula marginata, B. et S. * humilis, simplex, gregaria 
vel cæspitulosa, dioica; foliis late oblongo-lanceolatis, mar- 
ginatis, costa excurrente mucronatis; capsule oblonge oper- 
culo brevirostro, peristomii membrana basilari angusta." 
Bryol. Eur. 

* T. cæspitosa (Hook. et Grev.) Montagne, Archives de bo- 
tanique, Tome I, p. 135. De Notaris Specim. de Tortul. Ital. 
No. 11. Nec Schwaegr ;” (fide B. et S.) 

Has. On walls and rocks of soft sandstone in the neighbour- 
hood of Castle-Howard, most abundant in the park quarry. 
* Stone-pits, Henfield ;? Mr. Borrer. 

When I first found this moss I hesitated to refer it to the 
Barbula marginata of the Bryol. Europ., because of its differ- 
ing in some respects from the figure and description in that 
work. Mr. Wilson, however, whom I consulted on the sub- 
ject, remarks to me, * Your Barb. marginata, if not exactly 
like the figure, etc. of Bruch and Schpr., is quite as much so 
as what I suppose to be the original in Herb. Hook. which 
has the leaves quite erect, and more linear than in Bryol. 
Eur." Through the favour of the same gentleman, I have 
lately had the opportunity of comparing it with Algerian spe- 
cimens of B. marginata, from Bové, and the differences ap- 
pear so slight that I do not scruple to consider them the same 
species. 

Tortula marginata differs from T. muralis, with which it 
frequently grows associated, in its laxer mode of growth, never 
forming dense cushions as in that species ; in the shorter stems, 
which are either simple or furnished with one short innova- 
tion; the concave, acute leaves (which in my specimens vary 
from broadly lanceolate to lineari-spathulate, but are always 
broadest where the plants are most crowded), of a paler green; 
less opaque, the margins diaphanous and thickened, and by n0 
means revolute, the nerve very slightly produced ; in the smaller 
and paler capsule; in the broader basal membrane of the 


NEW BRITISH MOSSES. 193 


peristome and the slenderer teeth; in the double annulus (sin- 

gle in T. muralis); and finally, im the dioicous inflorescence. 

The male and female plants grow intermixed and do not dif- 

fer at all in appearance; the perigonial leaves are precisely 

Similar to those of the perichetium, and enclose about 3 an- 

theridia. 

21. Tortula papillosa, Wils. MSS , cæspitulosa ; foliis obova- 
tis, valde concavis, patentibus, siccitate margine involutis, 
laxe areolatis, papillosis, costa in mucronem vel pilum pro- 
ducta. 

Has. On old elms at Huntington near York; May, 1843. 
Castle-Howard park. ‘ Near Llansaintftraid, N. Wales; 
June, 1844 ;" Mr. Wilson. 

This resembles small specimens of 7. levipila Schwgr. in 
habit and essential character ; it forms, however, more lax and 
Spreading patches, and frequently grows intermixed with 
Orihotricha, especially O. diaphanum, from which it is not 
readily distinguished by the eye. The stems are short, 
branched near the base. The leaves are spreading but not 
recurved, shorter than those of T. /evipila, usually less ob- 
tuse, their nerve much less produced and towards the apex of 
the leaf beset with short articulated filaments, as in Tortula 
membranifolia, Hook. ; they are besides more hyaline and brit- 
tle, far more widely areolated, and papillose on their under sur- 
face They do not twist in drying, but {ke margins speedily 
become involute and the apices connivent. 

22. Tortula sguarrosa De Notaris, laxe pulvinato-ceespitosa ; 
foliis lineali-lanceolatis e basi vaginante, squarrosis, sub- 
tortilibus, alis inflexis et undulatis, subtus granulosis, mar- 
gine subdenticulatis, costa crassa cum apice evanida. 

T. squarrosa De Notaris Specim. de Tort. Ital. No. 31. 
Has, * On the beach at Hastings and in Beeding Chalk- 

pit, Sussex ; in both stations without fruit;" Mr. Borrer. 

: In the © Bryol. Europ. this is considered a variety of 

T. tortuosa, W. and M., but I believe incorrectly. It differs. 

from that species in the less compact tufts; the far ^. ot 


“nd decidedly squarrose leaves (not patent or suberect 


194 NEW BRITISH MOSSES. 


opaque and furnished with a narrow diaphanous border (of 
empty cellules) at the expanded and semiamplexicaul base, _ 
papillose, especially towards the apex, where they are for the 
most part éruly, though minutely, denticulate ;* the margins 
more strongly inflexed and undulate; the nerve not paler 
than the pagina, not produced beyond the summit, and plane 
or slightly concave on the upper surface, but convex in T. tor- 
tuosa. 

In habit and in the shape of the leaves Tort. squarrosa 
bears considerable resemblance to Trichostomum Barbula, 
Schwgr. ; but the latter may be distinguished by the browner 
and more rigid leaves, which are patent but not squarrose and 
twisted, their margins more strongly incurved, their nerve 
broader and stronger, and their point less attenuated. 

Respecting Tortula squarrosa, Dr. Montagne has observed 
to me that it fructifies in Sicily and at Algiers. “ Elle vient 
aussi aux Canaries où M. Webb la récoltée, et elle figure 
page 35, de la Cryptogamie de ces iles. C’est bien à tort que 
Bruch et Schimper, qui n'ont pas vu le fruit, ont rapporté 
cette jolie Mousse au T. forfuosa, nam ab eà toto colo dis- 
tat." 

23. Tortula vinealis, Brid. 

Var. B flaccida, ** caule elongato, flexuoso, foliis remotis, 
angustioribus, siccitate valde curvatis," Bryol Eur. | 

“ Tortula insulana De Notar. Specim de Tortul. Ital. No. 
28 ;" (fide B. et S.) 

Zygotrichia cylindrica, Tayl. in Flora Hibernica, P. 2; 
p- 26. 

Has. * Ona stone by the Keswick road just out of the village 
of Ireby, where it formed one large patch ;" Mr. Borrer. 
By means of original specimens from Dr. Taylor, I have 

ascertained the synonym of * Flora Hibernica? The white 


* Of this I have convinced myself by repeated examination, and I can- 
not doubt that B. and S. err when they say “ feuilles. . À bords souvent un 


peu plus grossiérement granulés que cela ne se voit ordinairement, mais 
jamais denticulés comme on les a indiqués.” 


BRITISH AND AMERICAN FISSIDENS, 195 


peristome of T. vinealis affords a good field-character for 
distinguishing it from T. fallax, and I mention it here because 
I omitted to record it in my paper on the * Musci and Hepa- 
ticæ of Teesdale.’ 


RICHARD SPRUCE. 


Welburn, near Whitwell, 
Yorkshire, March 8, 1845. 


fe 


Description of a new British, and a new American species of 
FissipENs ; by W. Witson, Esq. 


(With a plate, Tas. IX.) 


Fissidens Blovami, (Wils.) caule simplici brevissimo decli- 
nato, foliis oblique lineari-lanceolatis acutis immarginatis 
denticulatis, lamina dorsali supra basin desinente, seta termi- 
nali, capsula erecta, operculo e basi conica oblique rostrato, 
annulo revolubili. (Tab. IX. A.) 

Has. Orton Wood, near Twycross, Leicestershire, on clayey 
banks with F. tavifolius, found in April, 1844, by the Rev. 
A. Blovam. Fruit ripe in January. 

Caules perpusilli, tenerrimi, subcæspitoso-gregarii, vix li- 
neam metientes, Folia 4-6, infima minima, fere squamifor- 
mia, late ovata, acuta, remota, squarrosa, dehinc sensim 
longiora et confertiora, distiche patentia; superiora oblongo- 
lanceolata, ad medium usque conduplicata, toto ambitu præ- 
Cipue ad basin anticam denticulata, nervo valido viridique 
sub apicem dissoluto instructa, lamina dorsali longe supra 
basin desinente; hinc folia obliquata et quasi undulata viden- 
tur; ameene viridia, siccitate haud crispabilia, laxe hexagono- 
subinde pentagono-areolata, sicca guttulata. Flos masculus 
ad caulis basin, gemmiformis, tetraphyllus. Seta ascendens, 


basi fere geniculata, 2-4 lineas longa, gracilis, subflexuosa, - A 


pallide rubella. Vaginula sub-elliptica, fuscidula. Ca one 
erecta vel suberecta, oblongo-elliptica, basi attenuata, ore Vix — 
> Sicca sub ore constricta, olivacea. Op OPERE —— 


196 BRITISH AND AMERICAN FISSIDENS. 


basi conica oblique subulato-rostratum, capsula vix brevius, 
e cellularum seriebus erectis 32 conflatum, dentibus translu- 
centibus rubrum, margine annulo majusculo albido mox revo- 
lubili fimbriatum.  Peristomii dentes rubri, bifidi, cruribus 
inæqualibus, dense articulatis, superne papilloso-scabris. Ca- 
lyptra subulato-conica, uno latere fissa, operculi longitudinem 
æquans, fuscidula. Sporæ minute, olivaceæ. 

From its nearest ally F. Hornschuchii, Mont. (F. Brasilien- 
sis et serrulatus, Hornsch.) this is distinguished by its much 
smaller size and by the paucity of its leaves, which are of a 
different shape, more evidently denticulate, and with larger 
areole, Inthe peculiar conformation of its leaves, and in the 
presence of a distinct annulus it differs perhaps from all 
others of the genus. In aspect it is not unlike Dicranum viri- 
dulum, Eng. Bot., t. 1368, butthat is a state of Fissidens bry- 
oides, essentially distinguished by the margined leaves. F. 
Blozamiis one of the smallest of the genus. 

Tab. IX. A. Fissidens Bloxami. Fig. 1. Plants; nat. size. 
J. 2. Plants ; magn. f. 3. Operculum. f. 4. Calyptra. f. 5. Por- 
tion of the peristome. ff. 6—11. Leaves, from different parts 
of the stem ; all magn. f. 12. Apex of aleaf; more highly 
magn. 

Fissidens obtusifolius, (Wils.) dioicus ; foliis 6—10 (in caule 
sterili 20) subovalibus brevissimis abtesis evanidinerviis in- 
tegerrimis immarginatis, seta terminali, capsula erecta sub- 
elliptica, operculo conico brevi. (Tab. IX. B.) 

Has. On the hedges of a dripping rock, Cincinnati, J. G. Lea, 

Esq., 1843. 

Caules fertiles vix lineares, steriles ieoslinigne longiores. 
Folia dissita, apice rotundata, ultra medium conduplicata ; 
perichætialia longiora oblonga, siccitate subincurva, læte viri- 
dia, areolis rotundis, minimis. Seta sublinearis. Capsula 
basi obconica, siccitate sub ore constricta. Peristomium ru- 
brum. Opereulum rubellum. Calyptra dimidiata. Flos mascu- 
lus terminalis. 

Tab. IX. B. Fissidens obtixiulum. Fig. 1, Plants; nat. 
size. f. 2—5. Plants; magn. 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 197 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


Swan River Botany. 


Our botanical friends will be glad to know that the inde- 
fatigable Mr. James Drummond, of the Swan River, with the 
assistance of one of his sons (Johnston Drummond, who 
evinces the same ardent love as, and we trust he will have the 
same degree of success in Natural History pursuits which 
has so eminently distinguished the father and the uncle) has 
again explored a very interesting district in the interior ofthat 
colony, and has sent, in continuation of his former series, sets 
of three hundred and fifty species numbered and in very ex- 
cellent condition, consisting of many rare and new plants. Mr. 
Robert Heward, No. 5, Young Street, Kensington, has under- 
taken the distribution of these plants, and to him letters may 
be addressed by those wishing to possess sets. 1t may be ob- 
served that in the thirteen sets now sent, there is no differ- 
ence in regard to number or condition; they are all equally 
good. These plants, as the former ones, are charged by 
Mr. Drummond at £2 the hundred species; to which will 
have to be added the share of expenses. 


Mr. Spruce; Plants of the Pyrénées. 


We rejoice to hear that Mr. Richard Spruce, of York, has 
the intention of spending the ensuing spring and summer in 
the Pyrénées, for the purpose of collecting and publishing spe- 
cimens of the rarer Flowering-plants, Mosses, Hepatice, and 
Lichens of those mountains; and we know of no one, who, 
from education and experience in preserving plants with the 
utmost care and neatness, is better calculated for such a task : 
and how well qualified he is for acquiring a knowledge of the 
Cryptogamie plants of the region in question may be in- 
ferred from his valuable Memoir on some new British Mosses, _ 
which appears in the present number of our Journal — — — 


198 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


The researches of Mr. Bentham and Dr. Arnott, among the 
accomplished botanists of our own country, have demonstrated 
the Phanerogamic riches of the Pyrénées, and even since the 
visit of these gentlemen several interesting novelties have 
been detected, especially in the western mountains. There 
remain, however, some extensive and promising districts, 
especially on the Spanish side of the chain, about which little 
is known, and therefore many discoveries doubtless still re- 
main to be made. But it is in Cryptogamia that the richest 
harvest, or at least that productive of the most novelty, may 
be expected; for certainly no competent Cryptogamist has 
ever yet devoted sufficient time and attention to the search 
of these obscure tribes. Lichens are known to be numerous 
and beautiful in the Pyrénées, and some rare and interesting 
Mosses have been detected. The whole of the specimens 
collected by Mr. Spruce will be preserved in the best possible 
manner; the flowering-plants will be dried entire, whenever 
practicable, and the Mosses, &c., with their fructification as 
perfect as it is possible to procure them. He proposes to 
devote a period of not less than six months to the task, com- 
mencing with the month of April, and he trusts to have the 
phænogamic portion of his collection ready for sale in London 
by the end of autumn, and perhaps the first Century of Pyre- 
næan Mosses will appear at the same time, but he does not 
expect the whole of the Cryptogamia will be in a fit state for 
publication before the spring of 1846. We may add that Mr. 
Spruce intends to collect in the departments of the Basses 
Pyrénées and the Hautes Pyrénées, and as much on the Spa- 
nish side as the state of affairs in that country will admit. 

The Pyrenean collection being concluded, this Botanist 
contemplates devoting the ensuing winter and the summer of 
1846 to the exploration of the South of Spain, and especially 
the Sierra Nevada. Under favourable circumstances, his 
collections in this, the richest and least known country 
in Europe, cannot fail to be of unusual interest. Until 
the recent researches of Boissier, Andalusia was nearly a 
* terra incognita." That eminent botanist has done little more 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 199 


than break the ground for those who shall follow him in ex- 

ploring it, and yet his collections comprise much that is new 

and nothing but what is interesting, while those very plants 

are in the hands of so very few botanists, that even the same’ 
that he gathered will not fail to be generally acceptable. The 

precise time of the appearance of the Spanish plants cannot 

at present be assigned; but we may add that like those of the 

Pyrénées, they will comprise a large proportion of Crypto- 

gamia, 


Botanical Geography of Britain. 


Mr. Hewett Watson is induced to address a Circular to his 
. botanical friends, in consequence of repeated inquiries, whe- 
ther it is his intention to proceed with the enlarged edition of 
his work on “The Geographical Distribution of British 
Plants.” After long hesitation, and not without much reluct- 
ance, he has finally resolved to discontinue that work, as 
being on a scale too extended for completion within any mo- 
derate time. Such a treatise must be comparatively useless, 
until the whole series of Natural Orders becomes complete ; 
and the experience acquired in preparing some of the other 
Orders for the press, which should have next followed those 
already printed, has clearly convinced him that too many years 
of close application would be required for bringing the whole 
work to a satisfactory conclusion. He has therefore resolved: 
to begin afresh, under such an arrangement of the subject, as - 
will give to each successive volume the character and useful- 
ness of a work complete in itself; bearing reference to pre- 
ceding volumes, indeed, but independent of those which may 
(or may not) follow. It is now proposed to divide the general 
subject into the three following heads, which may be taken 
either as three separate works, or as three divisions of a more 
comprehensive work : i 
lst. Botanical Geography—intended to embrace those ap- - 
parent connexions which may be traced between the floral 
productions and the physical geography of countries; and in + 


200 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


tracing which the plants are viewed collectively, with reference 
to each other and to their places. A first volume will de- 
scribe the Botanico-geographical features of Britain. Suc- 
ceeding volumes will compare the botany of other parts of the 
globe with that of Britain. 

2nd. Areas of British Plants—intended to show how far the 
various plants have been ascertained to extend over the sur- 
face of Britain and other parts of the world; each species 
being here taken singly, in rotation, and traced through Bri- 
tain and the rest of the earth’s surface. A first volume will 
show the Topographical Areas; the species being traced 
through those eighteen Districts of Britain, which were ex- 
plained in the discontinued edition before referred to. A 
second volume will be devoted to their Geographical Areas; 
the species being traced through larger sections of the 
earth generally. : : 

3rd. Localities of British Plants—intended to bea compila- — — 
tion of local lists and localities; the precise plan of this 
work being left undecided at present. E 

(N.B. It may be well to mention here, that manuscript 
localities are no longer wished from other botanists, unless 
they can be accompanied by specimens in confir mation.] 

It will be more easy to understand this proposed change in 
the arrangement of the subject, after glancing over the sub- 
joined pages, which are given as explanatory examples of the — — 
different volumes.. The “ Topographical Areas" will probably Wa 
be first ready for press; and this will be followed by the . 
* Botanical Geography of Britain." Some further delay be- 
comes unavoidable under the change of arrangement, which 
makes it necessary for all the Orders to be equally advanced; 
one as another, before the species of any of them can be 
printed. The former plan might have produced the better 
work in the end, if all the Orders could have been completed; — 
but with great uncertainty of completion, it seems more ad- 
visable to make each volume a whole by itself. Should the - 
author's labours be terminated abruptly, even after printing 
only a single volume, the curtailed work, though rendered less 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 201 


comprehensive than the design, may be held something better 
than a mere fragment of a large work. 

[The following fragments are given by Mr. Watson, as 
examples of the proposed volumes.—Ep ] 


Botanical Geography of Britain.—* Climatic or Ascending 
| Zones of plants are designed to indicate their relative distri- 
bution under the joint influence ofaltitude and latitude, with 
other conditions of a more local character, such as proximity to 
Seas or mountains, the state of exposure or shelter, &c. It 
has been explained, that connexions may be traced between 
each of these conditions singly; but that everywhere the in- 
fluence of any one is more or less disturbed and modified by 
that of others. Their effect upon the flora or general vegeta- 
tion is mostly indirect or remote; that is, the flora varies 
with the climate, and the climate varies with altitude, lati- 
tude, and other conditions of place and surface. On a single 
isolated mountain the ascending zones of vegetation are very 
strongly marked, in accordance with altitude; some species 
disappearing, other species appearing, one above another, as 
We gradually ascend from base to summit. Yet on a single 
mountain we may see that local changes in the character of 
its surface, and the differences of aspect on its declivities, whe- 
ther facing to or from the sun, will disturb the regularity of its 
ascending zones. On an extended range of mountains the — 
disturbing effect of local peculiarities will become much more — 
Obvious, And when we have fo adapt our zones to several 
groups of mountains, dissimilar in extent, elevation, lai atud Bs 
maritime proximity, and other circumstances, it then becomes 
difficult to define them with any exactness. We experience this 
difficulty in tracing the ascending zones of plants in Britain. 
The absolute elevation at which the same species will grow, 
varies by many hundred feet on different mountains. And as 
this variation is by no means uniform with different species, 
we find local changes in their relative elevation also, the limit | 
E of one being compared with thelimitofanother.Notwithstand- ——— 
Mg Such local exceptions, however, the general rule will be a 


202 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


found true, that a species which rises higher than another on 
one range of mountains, will usually be found higher on other 
ranges ; and the commoner the species, the more exact is the 
rule found to be. 

It is upon the prevailing regularity of this fact or rule, that 
the climatic zones of plants are founded and defined ; the pre- 
sence or absence of some common and conspicuous species ' 
being made the test of the zone. The primary division which 
I have proposed, as one best applicable in Britain, is osten- 
sibly founded upon an artificial character; namely, the pre- 
sence or absence of cultivation. It is by this character that I 
would distinguish the lower from the upper zones of plants ; 
giving to the former the common designation of Agrarian, 
and calling the latter by the name of Arctic Zones. Or, to 
prevent confusion with subordinate divisions, it may be well 
to say, in the first instance, Agrarian Region, and Arctic 
Region. 

In the spontaneous vegetation of Britain, we can find no 
character equally obvious and general with that afforded by 
the cultivation of grain. The interests of mankind are so 
intimately connected with the production of corn, that we 
shall every where find cultivated fields as far up the valleys 
and acclivities of the mountains as their climate will allow. 
No doubt we may see many spots where the nature of the 
soil or surface, rather than the climate, forbids success in 
cultivation. Buta correct observer can scarcely be misled in 
such instances, since he will usually find cultivation suffi- 
ciently near these spots, to show that it has not been prevent- 
ed by inferiority of climate. Moreover, nature will afford us à 
second test of the Agrarian region, by the presence of a very 
common and conspicuous fern, the Pteris aquilina. This fern 


is distributed throughout the region, and from one extremity - E 
of our island to the other. I have observed itin many places, - 


and always found its upper limit running nearly uniform with 
the limit of corn cultivation; so that the two characters M 
connexion form a very satisfactory test of the region. The — 
plough is soon fatal to the Pteris, nor can it long resist the | - 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 203 


annual attack of the scythe in early summer ; but we require 
its presence, as a character, only in those spots which remain 
uninvaded by scythe or ploughshare; and in such spots we 
seldom seek it in vain, until arriving about the line where cli- 
mate itself arrests the ascent of agriculture. 
_ These two regions may be again divided, each into two sub- 
ordinate zones. For a suitable division of the agrarian region, 
we must again look to the artificial characters impressed upon 
its surface by the industry of man, who has so extensively 
changed those antecedent characters which were given by na- 
ture. Accordingly, I take the presence or absence of wheat- 
fields, as the leading test of distinction between a Lower 
Agr arian Zone and a Higher Agrarian Zone ; the upper por- 
tion of the region, for a considerable breadth, being wholly 
without wheat-fields. The limit of wheat appears not to cor- 
respond with the limit of any very conspicuous native plant. 
So far, the former may be deemed less suitable to the object 
In view; but it is a more general test, and therefore more 


applicable in practice, than any single native plant would 
prove.” 


* * * * 


British and Polar Botany.—* From the preceding enumera- 
tion of their species, it appears that the frigid coasts of the 
Polar seas, beyond the seventy-second degree of north latitude, 
Support an extremely scanty flora, including only a hundred 
and thirteen species, so far as hitherto ascertained. Most of - 
these are perennial herbs, of dwarf stature. If they attain any 
considerable size, it is only in the horizontal direction, by form- 
ing tufts, or by branching and spreading over the surface of 
the ground, Nothing is seen to rise with tall stems, like those 
of our Butomus or Digitalis ; nor are there any slender climb- 
'ng plants, like the Tamus or Bryonia. Trees are utterly 
Unknown; and the few shrubs which exist here, are those of 


the most humble growth, belonging to the orders of Amen- | 


taceæ and Ericaceæ. The general character of the floral land- 
"cape must be widely dissimilar from that of the British 


204 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


coasts: we may find the nearest approximation towards it, 


around the bleak summits of our Highland mountains. 


It would be tedious to write down the many species, or 
even the genera or orders, of the British flora, which are 
wholly absent, and many of them far absent, from the Polar 
lands. ‘These negative characters of the latter are too nume- 
rous for specification. Let us adopt the opposite course, and 
seek for resemblances between the productions of countries 
so widely distant. All the nineteen orders, under which the 
plants of the Polar flora are arranged in preceding pages, 
are common to the two sections—the Polar Coasts and 
the British Isles. So far there is a strong affinity; the 
difference on the side of the Polar botany being nega- 
tive, or shown only by the absence of other orders more 
liberally supplied to the British Isles. But sameness in 
the orders of plants is of course compatible with much less 


similitude in the subordinate groups; and when we look to. 


the fifty-seven genera of the Polar flora, we arrive at positive 
characters of difference, since eleven of these genera have no 
species to represent them in the British flora. And on coming 
to the more exact comparison of species, we see that nearly 
two-thirds of the Polar species are unknown among the 
native plants of the British Isles. Apparently, somewhere 
between thirty-five and forty species are common to the 
two sections ; that is, more or less, according to the ultimate 
decision respecting the identity of some undetermined spe- 


cies, the individuals of which differ so much in Polar and 


British latitudes, that their identity, as species, is ronde 
doubtful,” 


* * * * * 


British and Azoric Botany.—** On thus comparing the lists 
of species, now found wild in the two groups of islands, and 
seeing that more than one-half of those which have been 
ascertained to grow in the Azores, are native or naturalized 


in the British Isles, it might at first appear that the botanical — 
features of the two countries must bear a much closer resem- 


è 


ye ye tee Le 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 205 


blance than is really the case. Although half the species of the 
Azores may be truly indigenous in the British Isles, it is to 
be recollected that the converse of this by no means holds 
true:the British species are so much more numerous, that 
one-half of the Azoric flora is equal only to about one-sixth 
of the British flora, taking them in round numbers ; and hence 
it may readily be conceived, that the many additional species 


. of Britain will cause a predominance of dissimilar forms in the 


floral physiognomy of our own island. This dissimilitude is 
yet more widened by the different degrees in rarity or preva- 
lence of those species which are found in both countries ; many 
of those which are accounted the rarities of one country being 
the vulgarities of the other. Forexample, many English 
botanists may pass their lives without meeting with plants of 
Polycarpon tetraphyllum, Senebiera didyma, Lotus diffusus, 
Cyperus longus, Briza minor, &c. &c., in a state of nature : 
they are found to be among the common weeds of the Azores. 

Itlikewise happens, in numerous instances, that the species 
Which are peculiar to one of the countries, constitute an im- 
portant, or leading character of the vegetation. In example 
Of this, it may be remarked, that not one of the trees or 
larger shrubs of Britain can be held certainly indigenous in 
the Azores; and the same remark would be equally true, if 
extended to a large proportion of our commonest and most 
conspicuous herbaceous plants. In turn, those shrubs and 
herbs which give a character to the Azoric landscape, belong 


usually to species, and often to genera, quite different from — 


those of Britain. Erica Azorica, the most generally distri- 
buted shrub of the Azores, and one which frequently attains 
the form and dimensions of a small tree, bears little resem- 
blance to any British species of Erica, unless it be to the 
Trish E. Mediterranea. A second very abundant shrub in 
Some of the islands, and also one of arborescent stature, is a 
Variety of the Juniperus Oxycedrus, which is far larger and 
more ornamental than the wild juniper of our own isles. In — 
these two characteristic shrubs there is, at least, a generic | 


206 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


similarity to those of the British Islands; as there is also 
in the beautiful Vaccinium cylindraceum, and the very pecu- 
liar and much less plentiful Euphorbia Stygiana. In the 
Myrica Faya, the resemblance scarcely amounts to generic ;"— 


* * * * * * 


“ Topographical Areas.—It will be observed that no authority 
is quoted after the names of those districts, in which I have 
myself collected or seen the species. In all other instances, the 
name of the district is followed by that of some authority; a 
preference being given to the labels of specimens preserved in 
my own Herbarium. The note of certainty “!”’ indicates 
the possession of a specimen from the district, and when it 
follows the name of the authority, it indicates also the person 
to whom I was indebted for such specimen. Names in italics 
imply the supposition of the species not being indigenous. 
Those enclosed [ J require confirmation. 


RANUNCULACEx. 


Clematis Vitalba, Linn. Lat. 50—53 (or 55.) Alt. 00. Pe- 
ninsula! Channel! Thames! Ouse: Miss Bell; Severn! 
South Wales: Mr. Gutch, to Bot. Soc. London! Trent: 
Mr. Churchill Babington! Humber: Rev. A. Bloxam. Tyne : 
Flora North. Hast Lowlands: Flora Edin. [East Highlands: 
Mr. Arnott, in Hook. Scot.] 

Thalictrum Alpinum, Linn. Lat. 53—61. Alt. 0—3900. 
North Wales! Humber: Rev. J. Harriman, in Bot. Guide. 
Tyne: Flora North. Lakes! [West Lowlands: Mr. Shef- 


. field, in Lightfoot’s Scot.] East Highlands! West High- 


lands Mr. Stables! North Isles: Mr. Edmonston, in 
Annals. 

Thalictrum minus, Linn. Lat. 50—59. Alt. 0—1800 
Peninsula: Rev. J. C. Collins. Ouse: Mr Fordham, to 
Bot. Soc. London Severn: Mr. Lees, in Flora Shrop.  - 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 207 


South Wales: Mr. Lees. North Wales! Trent! Mersey : 
Mr. Bowman. Humber: Mr. Churchill Babington! Tyne: 
Mr. Embleton! Lakes! West Lowlands: Mr. Lloyd. 
East Lowlands! East Highlands: Mr. Croall, to Bot. Soc. 
London! West Highlands: Mr. Stables! North High- 
lands! North Isles: Dr. Gillies. 

Thalictrum majus, Crantz. Lat. 53—57. Alt. 0—500. 
Humber: Mr. Bowman! Tyne: Mr. Bowman! Lakes! 
West Lowlands: Mr. Lloyd. East Lowlands: Flora Ber. 
East Highlands !” 


* * * * * * 


* Geographical Areas.—On the whole, in the present state of 
botanical knowledge, the best course appears to be that of 
simply enumerating such of these eighteen Sections of the 
earth’s surface, in which the species has been recorded to 
grow wild; the authorities for the fact being usually omitted, 
in order to keep down the bulk of the volume. To those sec- 
tions, from which I happen to possess specimens in my her- 
barium, the names of the collectors or donors of the specimens 
are added, with the note of certainty “!”. And in some other 
instances, more particularly where there is a want of certainty, 
an authority is likewise given, by way of clew towards confir- 
mation or correction. 


RANUNCULACEZÆ. 


Clematis Vitalba, Linn. Lat. 37 (or lower)—53. Nether- 
lands, France, Germany. Turkey. Italy. Spain. South 
Russia, Arabia: Forskael. 

; Thalictrum Alpinum, Linn. Lat. 42—71. Ireland. Scan- 
dinavia. France: Sir W. J. Hooker! Germany. Italy (Alps). 
Spain (Pyrenees). Arctic Russia. South Russia (Caucasus): 
Western Siberia, Eastern Siberia. Canada. Arctic America. — 
Meca caua d lieu d. Lo 


208 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


Thalictrum minus, Linn. Lat. 37—68. Ireland: Mr. 
Shuttleworth ! Scandinavia. Netherlands: Dr. Petit ! 
France. Germany: Herr Hornung! Turkey. Italy: Mrs. 
Stewart! Spain. Middle Russia. South Russia. Western 
Siberia. Eastern Siberia. Kamchatka: Botany of Beechey’s 
Voyage, but the species doubtful. (Including also T. majus 
of Crantz). 

Thalictrum flavum, Linn. Lat. 38—65 (or 69.) Ireland. 
Scandinavia. Netherlands: Dr. Petit! France. Germany: 
Herr Hornung! Turkey. Italy. Spain. Arctic Russia: 
Led. Flora Ros. North Russia. Middle Russia. South 
Russia. Western Siberia. Eastern Siberia. Kamchatka: 
Gmelin, but the species seems uncertain." 


Botanic Rambles in Braemar ; by WiīLLIAM GARDINER 
DUNDEE. 


In our last volume, p. 138, we noticed the intention of 
Mr. Gardiner, the intelligent Botanist of Dundee, to pre- 
pare sets of specimens of Scottish and chiefly Highland 
plants for sale. These are now in circulation, and we can 
truly say they are highly creditable to Mr. Gardiner, and 
deserve encouragement from the Botanists of this country. 
We then announced also the * Botanical Rambles in Brae- 
mar in 1844," to be sold for one shilling. This little and 
entertaining volume has just appeared, and we can con- 
fidently recommend it to all lovers of British Plants, and to 
alllovers of nature also. As a brief specimen, we give the 
commencement of his rambles to the “ Reeky Linn, Craighill, 
Braemar.” “A June morning in the country, to one who 
has just escaped the noise and smoke, and bustle of a popu- 
lous town, is a luxury indeed! It is like entering upon a new 
state of existence, where all is changed to purity and peace. 


The air one breathes is fresh, and sweet with the perfume of. | 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 209 


flowers; the verdant hue of the fields and woods invigorates 
and delights the eye ; the ear is soothed with the happy sounds 
of innocence and love; and all around are thousands of blos- 
soms, arrayed in their varied robes of loveliness, to gladden 
the heart and awaken its holiest thoughts and feelings ; for 


“ A flower is not a flower alone, 

A thousand sanctities invest it ; 
And as they form a radiant zone, 
Around its simple beauty thrown, 
Their magic tints become its own, 

As if their spirits had possessed it." 


Such a delicious morning was the 24th of June; and 1 could 
have lingered by the fragrant hedge-rows, where the merry 
bee was sipping the honied treasures of the wild rose, to ad- 
mire the beautiful structure of Flora’s more common produc- 
tions, and hold sweet converse with such humble gems as the 
daisy and the violet; but as the purpose of my present mis- 
sion was to search out her rarities, all tendency to loitering, 
where these were not to be found, had to be subdued.” 

In this agreeable state of mind does Mr. Gardiner set out 
upon his excursion, and notes down the scenery and the vege- 
tation, and strong impression they made upon him. The 
Second ramble is to the * Linn of Corrymulzie ;” the third to 
“ Ben-na-Board,” rich in rare Alpine plants, especially Cryp- 
togamia ; the fourth to “ Morne” mountain; the fifth to 
‘ Craig Koynoch and the Lion’s Face;" the sixth to “ Glen 
Callater,” where, as our author observes, 


“ Boon nature scattered free and wild 
Each plant or flower, the mountain's child ;" 


the seventh to “ Cairn-a-Drochel ;? the eighth to “ Ben 
k ;" the ninth, * Canlochen ;" the tenth, “ Glen Quoich ;” 
e eleventh, * Falls of the Garrawalt, and forest of Balloch- 
wie ;” the twelfth, * Ben Avon.” These are all mountain 
Qu eUrsions, and are followed by an appendix on the plants of © 
: low grounds of Forfarshire, and especially those of the 


210 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


coasts ; spots that have been rendered classical by the pre- 
vious researches of a Don and a Drummond. 


Hooker, Species Filicum. 


The third part of this work has recently appeared, with its 
accompaniment of twenty plates, representing thirty-six spe- 
cies hitherto unfigured, and indeed in general new. The ex- 
tensive genus Trichomanes is brought to a conclusion, and 
embraces eighty-seven species. Some remarks are given on 
the * Hymenophyllacee” of Dr. Presl, with the new genera of | 
which our author expresses himself at variance. Next to the 
Dicksonieæ, the third sub-order, Davalliee, follows. Daval- 
lia itself occupies the whole of the remainder of the forty- 
one pages, and yet does not include all the species. One 
hundred are at present enumerated, the rest will follow in 
the succeeding number. But let it be observed, the author 
preserves the original genus of Sir J. E. Smith nearly entire. 
* After a careful investigation," he observes, “ of numerous 
species, I cannot but come to the conclusion that the origi- 
nal Davallia of Sir J. E. Smith should remain entire as 4 
genus, of which the type may be considered the well known 
D. Canariensis. It is quite true, if we look only to certain 
species of the many new genera that have been separated 
from it, such as Humata, Odontoloma, Saccoloma, Leucostegi4, 
&c., we may find apparently sufficient indications of generic 
difference; but when taking a comprehensive view of the re- 
spective species, we shall observe that, in point of generic 
marks, they gradually pass one into the other, so that I cannot 
even satisfy myself of the efficiency of them as sectional cha- 
racters or subgenera,” Out of respect to their founders, how- 
ever, those genera, with some modifications, when they ©” 
be employed with propriety, generally constitute the grounds 
of his subgenera : of which the first is Humata, Cav. (fourteen — 
species). 2. Leucostegia, Pr. (nine species). 3. Prosaplió; — 
Pr. (three species, and one dubious one). 4. Eudavallt, —— 


BOTANICAL INFORM ATION. 211 


Hook. (twenty species). 5. Saccoloma, J. Sm. (ten species). 
6. Odontoloma, J. Sm. (eight species). 7. Microlepia, Pr. 
(fifteen species). 8. Cuneate, Hook. (nineteen species) 9. 
Dareoidee, of which only one species is yet described. 


Musée Botanique de M. BENJAMIN DELESSERT, par 
A. LasEGUE. 


This is a work of no ordinary interest: comprising, as it 
does, * Notices sur les Collections des Plantes et la Biblio- 
thèque de M. Bensamin DzLEssERT; contenant en outre des 
documens sur les principaux Herbiers d? Europe et l'exposé des 
voyages entrepris dans Pintérét de la Botanique." Paris, 1845. 

It is well known that the distinguished individual, whose 
magnificent. Herbarium and Library are the principal theme 
of the volume now before us, has long held that place in the 
scientific, but especially in the botanical, world at Paris, 
Which was filled with so much credit to himself and with such 
immense service to mankind by the late Sir Joseph Banks, in 
London. His Museum is, in a similar manner, liberally opened 
to all whom it may interest or to whom it can be useful, and 
his own valuable book, the “ Icones Selecta,” of which 
four volumes, large 4to., have already appeared, (and a fifth 
is on the eve of publication) and the * Flore Senegambie 
Tentamen,” but, above all, the various works of MM. De 
Candolle, father and son, testify to the services this collection 
has rendered to the cause of Botany. Few persons, if any, could 
be equally competent with M. Laségue to execute the task 
in question; that gentleman having, for a long time, had the 
charge of M. Delessert’s Herbarium and collections: and he 
's already known to the scientific world, not only as so em- 
ployed, but as the author of a “ Memoir on the Life and 
Writings of M. Guillemin,” of which a translation appeared 
în the first volume of the present Journal, p. 411. | 

Of the motives that induced the publication of this volume 
M. Lasègue thus speaks : | roi 

" Our object was, in the first instance, to make known, by 


212 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


a short but complete notice, the botanical collections of M. 
Benjamin Delessert ; namely those Herbaria, and the library, 
which collectively form what we term his Botanical Museum ; 
pointing out the origin of the principal portions of this rich 
museum and thus facilitating to naturalists those researches 
and comparisons which are indispensable in Science. And 
to this labour we were the more impelled, because it seemed 
to possess, in addition to its peculiar value, a degree of gene: 
ral usefulness which could not belong to the study of a less 
extensive cabinet. 

M. B. Delessert, actuated by the same feeling as induced 
him to amass these treasures, is most desirous of enlarging 
the circle to which they have been confined ; and is of opinion 
that it would be advantageous to concentrate, in a single vo- 
lume, those scattered details which it is sometimes impossi- 
ble, and always difficult, to obtain when immediately wanted ; 
also to give, along with a history of all his own collections, an 
account of the principal Herbaria existing elsewhere ; and 
adding a description of the more important expeditions which 
have been made for the furtherance of Science." 

The importance of this work will be best understood by an. 
enumeration of the heads into which it is divided, and a few 
remarks on the several subjects treated under them. The 
whole is arranged in three parts, and these again in chapters 
or sections, 

Parr I. GeneraL CorrEorroNs.—HgmnmaRiA of M. 
DELESSERT. 

1. Thisis an Introductory Chapter. 1 

11. On Museums and Cabinets of Natural History. This is 
divided into two heads; 1. On the utility of Collections; — 
2. On private Museums of Natural History, which appear bad l 
have originated in Conrad Gesner of Zurich, who died m — — 
1565. This chapter concludes with the mention ofthe Mu- — 
seum of Sir Joseph Banks, the first that was especially 
devoted to Botany, and to which was added a Botanical Li- 
brary, the richest and most complete that ever had bee? 
formed. 


a 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. ois 


111. On the Progress of Botany ; including Vegetable Statistics. 
This is a chapter of very great interest. In regard to amount 
of species, Lonicer in 1546 indicated 879; Lobel in 1570, 
2,191; Dalechamp in 1587, 2,751; Linnæus, in 1753, enu- 
merated 5,938 species; Persoon in 1807, 25,949; Steudel in 
1824, 50,649, and the same author in 1844, 95,000. M. La- 
ségue mentions it as a singular fact, that the proportion of 
the family of Composite, with the total of the vegetable king- 
dom, has continued the same to the present period, that is 
about onetenth. In 1838 M. de Candolle described 8,523 
Composite.  Linnæus estimated the total number of plants 
on the surface of our globe at 10,000; an amount now assu- 
redly known to be equalled (if we consider the undescribed 
species actually in our Herbaria), by the Composite alone; 
Adanson at 25,000, De Candolle at 120,000, Roemer and 
Endlicher at 250,000 and upwards; M. Laségue, with more 
probability, at from 130, to 150,000; for it must be borne in 
mind that of the 95,000 reckoned by Steudel as described in 
books, allowance must be made for species described twice, or 
even oftener, under different names, and a great amount of 
bad species. 

Iv. On Herbaria and their preparation. 

V- On Botanical Travels. 

vi. On typical Herbaria (des Herbiers-types). 

vil. Botanical Museum of M. Benjamin Delessert.—In 1788 
M. Stephen Delessert, eldest brother of the present possessor, 
began to form a Herbarium, of which the first materials were . 
collected during his travels on the continent of Europe, 
also in England and Scotland, and the United States; to 
these were added plants from Japan, India, the Cape and 
Ceylon, Dying in 1794 at the early age of 23, of yellow 
fever, in New York, his younger brother, who from his ear- 
liest youth, oceupied himself with plants, inherited his bro- 
ther's collection, a part of which was indeed formed by him- 
self, when he accompanied that brother in his travels through - 
France, Switzerland, England and Scotland. His taste for 
Botany could not but have derived an additional impulse from 


214 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


the letters of Rousseau on Botany, which, as is well known, 
were addressed to M. Delessert's mother, and “ la petite,” 
for whose improvement these letters were more immediately 
written, was his sister, afterwards Madame Gautier. 

There is still preserved in the family the Herbarium formed 
by Rousseau expressly for Madame Gautier. Each specimen 
is beautifully preserved, fastened upon ornamented paper 
with gilded straps or bands, and the names written in French 
and in Latin by Rousseau's own hand. 

M. Benjamin Delessert soon resolved to increase the collec- 
tion by every means in his power, to form likewise a library rich 
in works of botany in all languages, and to render his noble mu- 
seum available to all who study this part of Natural History. 
In 1817, M. Achille Richard was charged with the care of these 
collections till 1827, and in 1820, M. Guillemin was appointed 
Assistant Curator, an office he held till his lamented death in 
1842; since which period, the author of the work now under 
notice has performed these important duties. 

vui. Botanic Galleries of M. Delessert.—1. Arrangement 
and Classification of the Herbarium. The specimens are fas- 
tened down with small straps and pins (not glued) on folio 
paper, being each enclosed in an envelope or doubled sheet, 
and the whole are placed in light cabinets, and arranged ac- 
cording to the Systema Vegetabilium of Sprengel, the only 
work that professed to be a tolerably complete catalogue of 
the plants known at the time the chief arrangement took place. 
The great mass of the specimens form one vast general 
Herbarium ; others, however, it is found desirable to keep 
separate. 2. Number of Plants in the Museum. This is reck- 
oned at about 86,000 species, represented by 250,000 speci- 
mens. Many apartments (“galeries”) are devoted to this 
vast collection, where they are arranged in the most convenient 
manner for consultation. 3. Collection of fruits and seeds. 
Of these, 400 different fruits, of a large size, and remarkable 
for their structure or the uses to which they are applied, are 
arranged in glazed cabinets. Fruits of smaller size and : 
amounting to 6000 kinds, occupy 102 drawers. Specimens of 


\ BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 215 


woods also, and various useful vegetable productions, con- 
stitute another part of the Museum. 

1x. Under this head come remarks on the different her- 
baria which may be considered as the bases of the grand general 
collection. 1. One of the most remarkable of them is that 
of M. Lemonnier, of Versailles, purchased in 1803, and which 
consisted, besides the general collection of 10,000 species 
formed by that gentleman, of those of Commerson, Billar- 
ditre, Desfontaines, and André Michaux. 2, Herbaria of the 
two Burmanns ; 3, Thunberg’s Herbarium of Japan; 4, that 
of Ventenat ; 5, those of Palisot de Beauvois ; 6, that of Thuil- 
lier; and 7, many collections from the sale of the late Mr. 
Lambert's herbarium. Very interesting particulars are here 
likewise given, respecting the circumstances under which, and 
the countries where, these collections were made. 

X. Expeditions and Travels, the botanical collections of 
which are preserved in M. Delessert’s herbarium. This is a 
chapter full of valuable information and research, and we 
have: 1, under the head of General Expeditions and Travels ; 
those of Billardiere, Gaudichaud (three voyages, those in the 
Uranie, the Herminie, and La Bonite), Beechey, D’Urville, 
Perottet and Sieber. 2, under Particular Voyages or Travels ; 
Norway and Spitzbergen, Martius; Lapland, Linnæus; Russia, 
Fischer and Sanson ; Crimea, Leveillé ; France, and in the rest 
of Europe ;—here names crowd upon us, so as to render it 
impossible to extract them for our limited space. Asiatic 
Russia, Arabia and Persia; Patrin, Hohenacher, Kotschy, 
Chesney, Bové, Schimper, Laborde, Wellsted, Aucher-Eloy, 
Jaubert, Boissier, Pinard, Roe. East Indies; Wallich and 
other collectors from the E.I. Company, &c., Belanger, Jac- 
quemont, Law, Adolphe Delessert. China and Japan; Ma- 
Cartney, Callery, Thunberg. From the vast continent of 

frica, we can only mention some of the more remarkable of 
the collections; those of Delille, Schimper, Kotschy, Bové, 
Salt, Webb, Durieu and Bory, Leprieur, Heudelot, Brunner, 
Beauvois, Masson, Verreaux, Ecklon and Zeyher, Drege, 


216 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


Krauss, &c. Various collections from the African and Indian 
islands. North America ; de la Pylaie, Richardson, Douglas, 
Thomas Drummond, Fraser, Bose, Asa Gray, &c. Mexico; 
Mocino, Sesse and Cervantes, Berlandier, Hartweg, Galeotti, 
Karwinski, Andrieux. South America; Linden, Funck, 
Schomburgk, Hostmann, Leprieur, Poiteau, Sellow, Auguste 
de Saint Hilaire, Martius, Saltzman and Blanchet, Vauthier, | 
Gardner, Claussen, Guillemin, Gomez, Ruiz and Pavon, 
Dombey, Pæppig, Gay, Mathews, Miers, Cuming, Bridges, 
Bertero, Isabelle. West Indian Islands; Heward, Wiles, &c. 
Malayan Islands ; Zollinger, Cuming, &c. Australia ; White, 
Leschenault, Brown, Paterson, Caley, King, Anderson, 
Lhotsky, James Drummond, Preiss, Gunn, Allan Cunning- 
ham, &c. 

x1. Particular Collections, forming Part of the Museum. 
Among these are enumerated plants received from different 
Botanic Gardens, and various general collections in volumes, 
particularly of Cryptogamic plants and especial collections, 
which are numerous and valuable. Under this head is men- 
tioned a very touching legacy, of a hundred species, left by De 
Candolle to M. Delessert. This bequest bears date in the year 
of his death, 1841; “Jeprie mon fils de choisir dans mon 
herbier cent plantes que j’ai décrites le premier, et de les ad- 
dresser de ma part 4 mon bon et ancien ami, Benjamin Deles- 
sert, comme témoignage de mes sentimens pour lui et pour 
sa famille.”—Here too are enumerated the many distinguished 
botanists who have furnished types or authentic specimens 
to the herbarium, which are doubtless of great value. 

xır. This contains a Geographical Table of the extensive 
regions, visited by travellers and botanists, which have contri- 
buted to the increase of the herbarium. 

Parr I].—Herparia or Europe, and BOTANICAL 
TRAVELS, | p 

xin. Notice respecting the grand and principal herbaria 
that exist in Europe. These are: 1; France, those of Paris 
the Museum of Natural History, M. Adrien de Jussieu» 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION, 217 


M. Webb, M. Achille Richard, M. J. Gay, M. le Comte Jau- 
bert, M. le Dr. Mérat, M. Maire, M. Bory de St. Vincent, 
M. le Dr. Montagne, M. le Dr. Leveille, &c. 2, England: 
a brief enumeration is given of those which are in public 
establishments, especially the British Museum, including 
the herbaria of Sir Hans Sloane, Plukenet, Kæmpfer, Sir 
Jos. Banks, &c., and the Linnzan Society (where the her- 
barium of Linnæus and of Sir Jos. Banks, and of Dr. Wal- 
lich shine pre-eminent), and then the private herbaria are 
mentioned; those of Sir W. J. Hooker,* Dr. Lindley, Mr. 
Brown, Mr. Bentham, Dr. Arnott, and Mr. Fielding. 3; In 
Germany are the herbarium of the Museum of Natural His- 
tory, of Vienna, of Prague, Berlin, Munich, of Dr. Martius, 
&c. 4,In Russia; those of the Imperial Academy of St. 
Petersburg, and of the Imperial Garden of Plants of Mos- 
vow, that of Bunge at Dorpat, Steven at Simferapol, Turc- 
zaninow in Siberia, of Meyer and Dr. Fischer at St. Peters- 
burg, of Ledebour, late of Dorpat, &c. We must pass over 
those of minor countries for want of space. 

xiv. Botanical Travels. This chapter, together with the 
information already given when speaking of the travellers who 
have contributed to M. Delessert’s herbarium, is intended by 
the author to complete the account of travels in general which 
have promoted the cause of botany. They are arranged 
according to countries, and include a great deal of valuable 
information, which cannot have been collected without much 


labour. 


* The mere catalogue of the names of persons who have contributed 
to enrich an Herbarium from different countries, even when most accu- 
rately stated, can, we are aware, convey but an imperfect idea ofthe actual 
extent or value of a collection. In describing the British Herbaria, M. 
Lasègue has, however, made some very important, but, assuredly, acci- 
dental omissions, Under the head of “ Brazil,” for example, in the 
mention of Sir W. J, Hooker's Museum, the almost unrivalled collections 
of Mr, Gardner, those from the Imperial Museum of Vienna, from Dr. 
Martius, from Saltzmann, those purchased from Moricand, (including 
those of Blanchet and Vautier), and the very extensive ones from Claussen, 
&c., &c., are unrecorded.— [Ep.] à 

VOL. 1v. Ek 


218 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


xv. A general list of the expeditions and of botanical travel- 
lers whose routes are described in the preceding chapters: this 
too is very full. 

Part III. Boranicat Lisprary or M. BENJAMIN 
DELESSERT. 

Of the varied matter contained in this, the last Part, we 
must content ourselves with observing that the library in 
question consists of 4350 volumes, enumerated under the 
following heads: 


Works on elementary botany . .  . « «+ 270 


Anatomy and vegetable physiology . , $ . 990 
General phytography (descriptions and figures) . . 940 
Floras « . 640 


. . 


Monographs gg, sao umm 
Botanical Geography Š > : d x + 49 
Officinal botany (botanique appliquée) = ; . 640 
Bebnucalltnmiwe -i 2. 03.4 s = ++. 
Works on cryptogamic plants . .  . Ed 
Works on fossil plants r > : : è . 
Dictionaries, journals, memoirs of academies .  . 210 
Treatises and dissertations upon nat. history in general 50 


Special ditto 


Natural history of countries and voyages . . « 360 
Works not coming under the above heads . » 90 
4350 


The volume concludes with a most fulland complete index 
of the names of persons, and of countries, and of the titles of 
works contained in the volume. 

We trust we shall have shown the value we place upon the 
work, by the copious extracts here made from it, and we 
congratulate the author on having completed so laborious; 
yet so interesting a task.—Heartily do we wish that M. 


Laségue would give to the scientific world a * Catalogue Rai- — 


sonné” if not of the whole of this Library, yet of such 
parts of it as would make it an important Supplement to the 
Bibliotheca Banksiana of the learned Dryander. 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 219 


CisToPTERIS MONTANA. 


It is well known that Mr. Wilson, of Warrington, dis- 
covered on Ben Lawers, in 1836, the Cistopteris montana, 
Link, (Aspidium montanum, Sw.) Swartz quotes under it, 
Pluk. Phyt. t. 89, f. 4,  Filix alpina Myrrhidis facie Cambro- 
Britannica, &c.,” from which some have inferred that it had 
been previously detected in Wales. We have, with the kind 
assistance of Mr. Brown and Mr. Bennett, searched the 
volumes of Plukenet in the British Museum, but no corre- 
sponding specimens exist there. Buddle’s Herbarium and 
Petivers Herbarium, however, contain Welsh specimens 
(gathered by Mr. Llwyd, in one instance) correspending with 
Plukenet's figure, whose synonym is quoted ; and these plants 
are Aspidium spinulosum, so that to us it appears clear that 
that is the species intended by Plukenet. Mr. Wilson will 
therefore remain the first discoverer of it in Britain. We 
may add, that it is a native of the Rocky Mountains, in North 
America, and, as such, is described in Hook. Fl. Bor.-Ame- 
ricana, 


SALICTUM Brirannicum ExsiccatuM; containing dried 
specimens of the British WiLLows, edited by the Rev. 
J. E. Leere, M.A. Fasc. II. Saffron Walden, 1844. 


Of the importance of this work and of the manner in which 
the author has accomplished the first Part of it, our 
Opinion is recorded in the 1st vol. of this Journal, p. 418, 
and in the 2nd vol. p. 156. The 2nd fasciculus, now before us, 
is executed with the same skill, and the same care is bestowed 
9n the preparation of the specimens as in the former one. The 
Synoptical table is not given with this, but is reserved for the 
third and last fasciculus, towards which some materials are 
already collected. The species are as follows: No. 50. Salix 
decipiens, Hoffm, 51—53. S. fragilis, E. Bot. 54, 55. S. 
Russelliana, Sm. 56—59.S. alba, L. 60—66. S. capræë, L. 
57. S. hirta, Sm, 68—71. S. rupestris, Donn. 72. S. tenuior 

2: X. O0 


220 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


Borr. 73. S. laurina, Sm. 74. * sent to Mr. Borrer as S. Daval- 
liana, Sm., who remarks, * aments much like it, but the leaves 
indicate one of the Nigricantes”” 75. S. propinqua, 
Borr. 76—79. S. Weigeliana, E. Bot. Suppl. 80, 81. S. 
Croweana, Sm. 82. S. nitens, And. 83. S. Croweana, Sm. 
84—? “ Style as in S. petræa; gathered for S. Davalliana; 
but as Mr. Borrer remarks, the catkins are quite dif- 
. ferent. 85. S. tetrapla, Walker. 86. S. fusca, var. repens, Sm. 
87. S. fusca, var. prostrata, Sm. 88. S. fusca, var. ascendens, 
Sm. 89. S. fusca, var. argentea, Sm. 90. S. arenaria, L. 
Nearly the whole of these Willows, (except S. arenaria, 
from Scotland), are from Riehmond, Yorkshire, and chiefly 
gathered by Mr. Ward, * who has observed them for many 
years in their places of growth, and very few persons have 
bestowed more patient study upon this tribe of plants, or 
attained to greater skill in discriminating them." 

The editor has been surprised, in the course of his investi- 
gations, to observe the number of monstrosities, or rather of 
more or less perfect changes of sex, in the specimens collected, 
and this subject he thinks highly worthy of careful attention. 
* According to Fries, the female sex is only found as you ap- 
proach the northern or cold, and the male towards the southern 
or warm, limits of the different species; and that author is 
disposed to consider the circumstance as the result of climate, 
a singular instance of which he quotes from the FI. Ratisb. 
1829, p. 422. From a female tree of S. Babylonica, a male 
branch was produced, after the very hot summer of 1826, and 
from this a male tree has grown." 


Wazpers, Repertorium Botanices Systematice, Vol. IH, 

Parts III—IV. 

Of this work we have already noticed the scope and 
object, to the conclusion of the second volume. It follows 
the arrangement of De Candolle, and, excluding the Sup- 
plement, terminates with the 130th Order, Monotropeæ. 
Thus far the work may be considered supplementary to the | 
Prodromus of De Candolle. It now assumes a different 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 2271 


character. The Orders which follow next, 131—151 inclu- 
sive, being those that were aboutto appear in the eighth and 
ninth volumes of De Candolle, the author has judiciously 
suppressed, seeing that he could add little or nothing to what 
would appear in the Prodromus; and these Orders are 
merely enumerated, with a reference to the respective 
volumes of De Candolle. The remainder of the work we 
presume is to proceed so rapidly, and being, from the very 
nature of it, a compilation from other works, it will have so 
completely the start of the Prodromus, as to be no longer in 
any way connected with it: and seeing the very imperfect na- 
ture of all other * Systemata;" (those of Persoon and Sprengel, 
for example), the author has judiciously made of the conti- 
nuation a * Species Plantarum," in which all the species, 
described in books, are intended to be introduced, with brief 
characters and references to figures. "The characters of the 
Orders and Genera are omitted, references being given to 
them in works which are in the hand of every Botanist. 
Such a work has its merits and its usefulness, and we are 
thankful to Dr. Walpers for the labour he has employed upon 
it. The first fasciculus includes Solanacee and part of Scro- 
phularinec ; the second, and part ofthe third are occupied by 
the continuation of that family; then follow Orobancheæ and 
Labiate, which are yet unfinished, in the fourth fasciculus. 


Hooker, Icones Plantarum, Vol. VIL, Part II. 


The second and concluding portion of the seventh volume - 
of this work appeared during last autumn, and it now includes - 
700 figures and descriptions of new or rare species of plants 
existing in the Author's Herbarium, procured from dif- 
ferent parts of the world: a number we believe much greater 
than was ever attained in any miscellaneous botanical work. 
Nor is the present fasciculus wanting in species of great 
novelty and interest. Among them we may mention, —the 
first plate, Tab. 651, which is the Euploca convolvulacea of Nut- 


tall, a new genus of Boragince, allied to Schleidenia, Endl. — 


929 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


Tab. 652, is another New Zealand and Evergreen Beech, Fagus 
Menziesii, Hook. ; having been first detected by Mr. Menzies, 
in 1791. Tab. 654. Representations of two species of Apo- 
danthus and descriptions of four species. Tabs. 658 and 659, 
a remarkable Cypripedium of Peru, C. caudatum, Lindl., with 
petals nearly a foot long! 652. Thamnocarpus Gunnianus, a 
new genus of Alge of Mr. Harvey, from Port Arthur, Van 
Diemen's Land, Tab. 663. A remarkable Brazilian species 
of Loasa, L. rupestris, Gardn. Tab. 664. The rare Tovaria 
pendula, R. and P., of Peru, recently found in Jamaica. Tab. 
666. Trichantha minor, Hook. belonging to a new genus of 
Gesneriacee. Tab. 667. A second species of the same genus, 
T. major, Hook. Tab. 668. Cryptomeria Japonica, Don, a 
remarkable Coniferous plant of China and Japan, where in- 
deed it appears to be very common. Tab. 672. Berberis 
Darwinü, Hook. Tab. 673. Again an undescribed Beech 
from New Zealand, Fagus cliffortioides, Hook. Tab. 674. 
Callixene polyphylla, Hook., from South Chili. Tab. 675 
and 676. Hypoderris Brownii, J. Sm.; a rare Fern, pe- 
culiar, so far as is yet known, to Trinidad. Tab. 678. The 
curious little Dioscorea pusilla, Hook., from Chili. Tab. 679. 
Cryptonemia ? Forbesii, Harv., a Mediterranean Alga, dredged 
up off the Island of Paros in 50 fathom water. Tab. 684- 
The remarkable Campanula Vidalii, of Mr. Hewett Watson, 
from an insulated rock of the Azores. Tab. 685. Epilobium 
confertifolium, Hook. fil., from Lord Auckland’s group and 
Campbell’s Island. Tab. 687 and 688, Leianthus umbellatus, 
Sw., from Jamaica. Tab. 689 and 690. Conradia calycos@, 
Hook. Tab. 692. Leptonema Lindeni, Hook. a new 
Cruciferous genus from New Grenada. Tab. 693 and 694- 
Sloanea Jamaicensis, Hook. "Tab. 695 and 696. Fruit of the 
same. Tab. 697. Martensia elegans, Harvey ; from marine 
rocks, Port Natal. Tab. 698 and 699. Pachystigma pteleoides, 

Hook., a fine new Rutaceous genus from Jamaica. Tab. 700- —— 
Euphorbia alata, Hook., from Jamaica ; a singular and leafless — 
species, with conrpresesk and ancipitate jointed stems. F c 

The whole of the 50 plates for Part 15, or the first part of 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 293 


the Sth Volume, are prepared, and the descriptions in the 
press ; so that that part may shortly be expected. 


De Canpozze’s Prodromus, Vol. IX. 


The publication of this important work, so long interrupted 
by the illness and lamented death of the elder De Candolle, 
is now proceeding under the direction of his son with great 
regularity. The arrival in the country of the 8th vol. was 
announced in our number for May of last year, and since 
then (February of the present year) the ninth volume has 
also reached us. From the forward state of the manuscript 
of some of the rest, and the assistance secured by Pro- 
fessor Alphonse De Candolle for several remaining Orders 
of plants, we may confidently expect the appearance of at 
least one volume in every year, and thus, ere long, we may 
hope to see completed this the first general “SPECIES 
PLANTARUM” undertaken according to the natural system. 

The parts recently published, with all the merits of ar- 
rangement and completeness as to species and references 
given to the preceding ones by the methodical mind and the 
excellent mechanical arrangements of the elder De Candolle, 
show also a continuation of that gradual improvement in 
scientific detail which may be traced from the first to the latter 
volumes. When the work was originally commenced, it was 
merely intended as a brief summary of the known species, for 
the purpose of facilitating their arrangement in the natural 
series; whilst detailed descriptions and synonyms were re- 
served for a Systema Vegetabilium on a larger scale which the 
author had commenced ; and generalobservations on points 
of structure, affinity, &c., were intended to be published in 
a series of detached memoirs. But as he gradually found 
himself obliged to relinquish the hope of continuing the larger 
work, he devoted more time and space to the Prodromus; 
and becoming gradually aware that the efforts of a single 
man could make but slow progress in the elucidation of the 
total number of plants known, (now above 100,000 species), 
he accepted the offers of several friends to undertake 


224 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


the elaboration of distinct portions: thus the work has now 
become a collection of independent Monographs, placed in 
order by a common editor, and reduced to a uniform sys- 
tem of typographical arrangement. "The result is a con- 
siderable, though unequal, improvement as to detail, and the 
only drawback is the occasional omission of a genus, expelled 
from one Order by having been improperly associated with it, 
and not taken up by the author of that one to which it should 
be referred. But these cases are few ; nor are they of so much 
importance in a “ Species ;" for such a work must now be 
much too bulky to dispense with the use of a Genera Plan- 
tarum; where repeated references to anomalous genera slightly 
connected with various orders can more easily be given. In 
a Species Plantarum, the anomalous genera are best placed 
at the end of the classes or large groups to which they 


certainly belong, with a mere reference from those orders to _ 


which they have been or are likely to be assimilated. 

In the two volumes before us, Professor Alphonse De 
Candolle, editor of the whole work, is himself the author of 
the Myrsinacee, Sapotacee, Ebenacee, Apocynacee, Loga- 
niacee, and some other lesser Orders, and has revised his 
father's manuscripts of the Oleacee, Jasminacee, Bignoniaceæ; 
Boraginacee, (in part published), and a few small Orders; 
M. Duby has contributed the Primulacee, M. Decaisne the 
Asclepiadacee, Prof. Grisebach the Gentianacee, M. Choisy 
the Convolvulacee, and Mr. Bentham the Polemoniacee. The 
manuscripts are printed as received from the authors under 
their responsibility, except as to typographical correction. 
(which now, as before, is done with remarkable care) and the 
name of each author appears in the running titles on the top 
of each page. i 

The eighth volume commences with those Corolliflorous 
Orders which have the stamens opposite to the lobes of the 
corolla, and a truly central placentation without dissepiments 
and of these the Lentibulariee are the first. This small order 
is worked up by Alph. De Candolle for this occasion, having 
previously been the subject of a detailed memoir of Auguste 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 295 


St. Hilaire, as to the Brazilian species. There are but three 
genera, easily distinguished from each other; but the nume- 
rous species of Utricularia are rendered more difficult by the 
excessive delicacy of their flowers, making it often scarcely 
possible to describe them accurately from dried specimens. 
De Candolle's first divisions of the genus are derived chiefly 
from the remarkable differences in the organs of vegetation, 
and, in good specimens, are only attended with one rather 
singular inconvenience, the difficulty of distinguishing be- 
tween their roots and leaves. "Taking all these drawbacks 
into consideration, De Candolle’s characters very much facili- 
tate the determination of those Utricularie (above 100 species) 
which he was enabled to describe; but there are many in our 
herbaria which he did not then possess; amongst others the 
splendid U. Humboldtii, figured in the 15th vol. of the Trans- 
actions of the Berlin Horticultural Society. 

The materials of which Prof. Alph. de Candolle has chiefly 
availed himself for those Orders which he has elaborated 
are, besides his own very rich botanical library and extensive 
herbarium, those of MM. Edm. Boissier and Phil. Du- 
nant, of Geneva, both of which, and especially M. Bois- 
sier’s, are now becoming very important. Amongst the 
collections generally distributed, to which Prof. de Candolle 
is thus enabled to make special reference, so as to facilitate 
the arrangement of those herbaria which also contain them, 
may be mentioned very full sets of those of Berlandier from 
Mexico, Salzmann, Blanchet, Lund, and generally of Martius 
from Brazil, A. Gay and Bertero from Chile, and more or 
less perfect sets of those of Schomburgk from British Guiana, 
Leprieur from French Guiana, Hostmann from Dutch Guiana, 
Gardner and Vauthier from Brazil, Andrieux from Mexico, 
Mathews from Peru, Hartweg from Mexico, Guatemala and 
Columbia, Heudelot from tropical Africa, Drège and Krauss 
from South Africa, Bojer from Madagascar and Mauritius, 
Cuming from the Philippine Islands, Kotschy and Schimper 
from N.E. Africa, Zollinger from Java, and a set, in some 
cases complete, in others considerable, of the East Indian 


VOL. 1V. | s 


296 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


herbarium distributed by Wallich, besides a great number. of 
either less important collections or named ones, which are 
quoted for all but common species, and even in these the 
numbers of the unnamed collections are generally given. The 
value of these unnamed but numbered sets is thus very con- 
siderably enhanced, and it would be of great use to science, 
and very advantageous to the interests of collectors, if they 
were to transmit to Prof. de Candolle, complete sets of those 
portions of their collections, which are not yet contained in 
the Prodromus. 

The Primulacee by M. Duby (editor of De Candolle and 
Duby's “ Botanicon Gallicum") follow the Lentibulariee ; 
they had long been the object of his special study, so far as 
other avocations permitted, and residing at Geneva, he could 
avail himself of the materials possessed by DeCandolle; so that 
whatever may be the opinion of local botanists on the limits 
he may have ascribed to some of the much contested species 
of Primula, Cyclamen, ete. the enumeration he has here given 
will be found to afford a natural distribution and intelligible 
characters both for genera and species. Excluding the two 
doubtful plants or rather riddles of Mr. Bowditch, mentioned 
at the end, the Order consists of twenty-three genera (num- 
bered by a misprint as 21), and among them the only two of 
which the propriety may be doubted are Pelletiera, St. Hil. 
which is so exactly like Asterolinum that it ought perhaps to 
be considered a reduced form of it, and Micropyzis, Duby: 
not sufficiently distinct from Centunculus, the habit being pre” 
cisely the same, and the number of parts in the flower, four 
or five, does not appear to be quite constant in some species. 
Among the species enumerated, a Javanese Hottonia (H. ses- 
siliflora, Vahl) is extraordinary, and it would be well for 
those who have an opportunity of examining the plant to 
ascertain whether there is not a slender dissepiment to the 
ovary, and four, not five, stamens and valves to the capsule, 
in which case it must, like the H. indica, Linn. be referred 
to Limnophila. i PE. 

The Myrsineacee were originally undertaken by Alphonse — 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 297 


de Candolle, several years since, on the occasion of receiving 
for publication a complete set from the East Indian herbarium 
distributed by Wallich. The result of his researches was 
then published in an excellent paper (the prefatory part 
written by himself in very good English) printed in the 17th 
vol. of the Transactions of the Linnean Society, and on taking 
up the Order again forthe Prodromus, he published two addi- 
tional memoirs in the * Annales des Sciences Naturelles," of 
Paris, vol. 15 and 16 of the second series. The chief altera- 
tions now made, are, an increase in the number of genera, 
and the separation as distinct orders of ZEgicera and ofthe 
Theophrastee. Additional genera were perhaps rendered ne- 
cessary by a corresponding increase in the number of species 
known, and by the more accurate discrimination of those 
previously established, which he has been enabled to make by 
means of better or additional specimens. But here much 
remains still to be done, two hundred and fifty species, dis- 
tributed into seventeen genera, form the tribe of the Ardisiee, 
which is so natural that, were the species less numerous, 
they might well have been considered but as a single genus, 
and consequently the generic characters, independently of in- 
florescence, are often difficult to appreciate, by one less ac- 
Customed than himself to examine them. They are given with 
Sreat accuracy of detail, but, being very long, might have 
been rendered much easier by a short summary, or some in- 
dication of the most important points to be observed, as is- 
done in the last of the above mentioned memoirs. The new 
characters introduced by the author, especially those derived 
from the cestivation of the corolla, are generally important, 
ìt is doubtful however whether farther investigation may not 
show that too much reliance is placed on the number of parts 
= the flower, and even on the number of ovules. A good sub- 
mision and distinction of species in the genus Myrsine, are 
also still a desideratum. Er 
BE. separation of Ægicereæ and Theophrastacee, as distinct. 
"rs, must be regretted. There is no greater inconvenience 
attending the practical use of the natural system, than the 
s 2 


298 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


modern habit of multiplying small orders consisting of a very 
few species. The ZEgiceree have here but five species, and 
the Theophrastee no more than twenty-nine, both are nearer 
to Myrsineaceæ than to any of the succeeding ones, and with 
them might, easily have been distinguished from others by a 
common character, their present ordinal characters being in 
that case considered as those of suborders. This course 
would, systematically, have been quite as correct, and much 
more practically convenient. Indeed, were it not perhaps 
that we are not in the habit of associating our humble Prim- 
roses with anything arborescent, it might have been a more na- 
tural plan to have included them also in a distinct suborder 
ofthe same group, which would then have been marked by 
a character perfectly distinct and easily ascertained, and the 
Lentibulariee would then have borne the same relation to them 
that Scrophularinee do to Solanacee ; nor would the asso- 
ciation of Primulacee and Myrsinacee have been at all more 
unnatural than that of Viola and Alsodeia, or of any herba- 
ceous with arborescent genera, which occur in most large. 
orders. 

Next come three very distinct orders with a pluricarpellary 
(very seldom bicarpellary) ovary divided into cells, and an 
axile placentation : Sapotacea, approaching Myrsineaceæ, by 
the presence of the inner series of stamens, opposed to the 
lobes of the corolla, with or without the addition of others; 
Ebenacee with dicecious flowers and stamens some multiple 
of the lobes of the corolla and often scarcely epipetalous, 
showing an approach to the polypetalous orders; and Styra- 
caceæ, with hermaphrodite flowers, stamens more numerous 
than the lobes of the corolla (except in one species) and the 
ovary usually more or less adherent, also allied almost 2$ — — 
much to some Polypetale asto the Corolliflore. These three —— 
orders, which had long been in a state of great confusion, i 
have been worked up by Alph. de Candolle with all the care 
his materials allowed him, and are reduced to a defnite 
intelligible form. : 

Sapotacee contain twenty genera (besides the doubtful 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 229 


Rostellaria) distinguished in the first place by the relative 
number and position of the stamens, the lobes of the corolla 
and the petaloid scales, characters in some cases artificial, 
but in so natural an order not the less useful, as being gene- 
raly clearly defined and easy to be seen. Even characters 
derived from the seed (for instance the abundance or absence 
of albumen which separates Sersalisia from Sideroxylon, Di- 
pholis from Bumelia) in most cases of great importance, would 
appear here to be artificial ; that is, unattended by any other 
perceptible generic difference, and consequently, where the 
seed is unknown, the genus is uncertain. Possibly when the 
Structure ofthe seed shall have been ascertained in a greater 
number of species, some corresponding differences may be 
detected in other respects; in the mean time, it is pro- 
ductive of no small practical inconvenience to divide a natu- 
ral genus into two by a character which has only been 
observed in a small proportion of the species. The esta- 
blishment of sections might have answered the same scien- 
tific purpose and obviated the evil of having so many species 
. with doubtful names. 

Of the eight genera of Ebenacee three are new, all well 
distinguished, and in these instances, as wellasin that of most 
newly established or defined genera in orders worked up by 
Alphonse de Candolle, besides the detailed character (some- 
times rather long), a few very useful words are added, point- 
ing out the most striking points in which they differ from 
other genera with which they are likely to be confounded. 

i os itself, consisting of seventy-three species, besides 
twenty-three less known, is divided somewhat artificially, but 
that was the only course to be pursued under our present im- 
Perfect acquaintance with many of the species. 

Styracacee, after weeding out many heterogenous plants 
which had at different times been associated with them, have 
become, under Prof, De Candolle, a small but natural and 
well defined order. The affinities with Ebenacee, Humiria- 
cee and Alangiee are well pointed out; the connexion with 

e@ is perhaps not so close, on account of the remark- 


230 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


able structure of the ovary in the genuine genera of that order. 
The various groups often separated from Symplocos are here 
very properly referred back to it as sections, and the two 
principal genera, Symplocos with fifty-six species, and Styrar 
with forty-five, from being amongst the most confused are 
now amongst the best defined, although our collections already 
contain a considerable number of additional species. In the 


ordinal character there is a slight omission, that of any allu- : 


sion to some of the anomalies of Pamphilia, especially the 
reduction of the number of stamina to five. 

Oleacee and Jasminacee form together a small group (for- 
merly and perhaps more conveniently considered as one order) 
distinguished amongst Corolliflore by the stamens constantly 
reduced to two, regularly inserted with relation to the bicar- 


pellary ovary (alternating with the carpels?) and not in rela- 


tion to the divisions of the corolla, unless where, as in O/eacee, 
this is tetramerous; and also regular in its relation to the 
ovary, whereas in all the succeeding orders, when any re- 
duction takes place, the remaining stamens are irregularly 
placed with reference to the ovary, which is neither opposed 
to nor alternating with them. These Orders were prepared 
by the elder De Candolle in 1840 (or early in 1841 ?) from the 
materials he possessed at the time, and a few notes with two 
new genera, Nathusia and Kellaaa, have now been added by 
his son. "There does not, however, appear to be any quota- 
tion of Cuming's or other more recent collections, and the set 
of East Indian Jasmineæ, sent to the author by Dr. Wallich, 
was very far from complete. The enumeration is, therefore, 
less comprehensive, and the species not so well extricated a$ 
might now be done; still the general arrangement is good. 
The remaining orders in the two volumes, with those 
which will occupy the two or three succeeding ones, have all 
epipetalous stamens, always alternating with the lobes of the 
corolla, whether equal to them in number, or more or less 
reduced. Of these orders, two large ones closely allied to 
each other and formerly considered as one, the Apocynaceé 
and Aselepiadacee, close the eighth volume. Both are known 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 231 


by their milky juice, their regular isomerous flowers, the 
contorted or valvate æstivation of the corolla, the bicarpel- 
lary pluriovulate ovarium, with a placentation never truly 
axile, besides the opposite exstipulate leaves, the ovaries 
distinct at the base of the style, with the styles joined at the 
apex, the follicular or baccate fruit, and several other cha- 
racters which, though not without exception, are so prevalent 
in the two orders as generally to enable the botanist to recog- 
nise them at first sight. ‘They are separated from each other 
on account of the singular structure of the stamens in Ascle- 
piadacee which does not exist in Apocynacee ; moreover, the 
corolla is generally valvate in the former, always contorted 
in the latter. 

The Apocynacee, by Alphonse de Candolle, contain ninety- 
four genera (besides two doubtful ones) of which twenty-three 
are here first established. "The generic characters are given 
With accuracy and detail, and are taken chiefly from those 
organs, whether reproductive or vegetative, which have ap- 
peared in each case the most constant, without so much 
reference to preconceived notions of the absolute importance 
of certain modifications as is too frequently the case; the 
characters have moreover been carefully verified in all the 
species of which the author possessed specimens, and the 
general principles which guided him are fully explained in a 
memoir published in the first vol. of the third series of the 
Annales des Sciences Naturelles. We have thus a complete 
concise and satisfactory monograph of the order brought down 
to the commencement of 1844, and singularly facilitating the 
determination of its species. H 

The principal division of the order is taken from the degree 
of coalition of the ovaries, and the presence and situation, or 
absence, of a coma or tuft to the seed ; the latter character has 
the inconyenience of being observable only in the ripe fruit 
which is seldom to be seen in herbaria, but M. de Can- 
dolle has satisfactorily shown in his memoir, that it is the 
best which has yet been proposed. He there gives the fol- 


232 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


lowing synopsis of his seven tribes which would have been 
usefully placed in the Prodromus. 


Semina calva, 
Ovarium unicum uniloculare. . Tribe 1. Willughbeie. 
Ovarium unicum biloculare. . Tribe 2. Carisseæ. 
Ovaria duo distincta. . . . . Tribe 3. Plumerice. 


Semina comosa, 
Ovarium unicum biloculare. Se- - 
mina superne comosa. . . . Tribe 4. Parsonsieæ. 
Ovaria duo distincta. Semina 
inferne comosa. . . . . . Tribe 5. Wrightiee. 


33 m Semina 
utrinque comosa. . . . . Tribe 6. Alstonice. 
» » Semina 
superne comosa, . . . . Tribe 7. Echitee. 


With regard to the affinities, there is one excellent princi- 
ple mentioned in the memoir (p. 255) which, however, ap- 
pears to us rather too absolutely stated, “ Si vous ne pouvez 
pas dire en quoi deux familles se distinguent d’une maniére 
permanente et universelle, ces deux familles n’en font 
qu’une: deux terres qui se touchent forment une ile, et non 
deux iles; tandis que deux terres séparées par un bras de 
mer, forment deux iles, et non une seule.’ We botanists 
cannot be so mathematically exact as geographers, and where 
the isthmus is very narrow we must class the peninsula with 
the island. How often does it happen that two large orders, 
say of five hundred to two thousand or three thousand species; - 
totally distinct from each other in all these species by 4 
series of constant characters, are yet connected together by 
some small isolated genus of a dozen, half a dozen, nay 4 
single species in which these very characters are so incon- 
stant, uncertain or variously combined, as to leave no room 
for the strait, through which we ought to navigate between 
the two islands! Yet the general principle, as we have al- 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 233 


ready observed, is excellent, and if properly attended to would 
prevent much of that multiplication of petty orders, which 
only tends to confusion. 

In the special case before us, it is remarkable how easy it 
is to distinguish one of the orders nearest allied to Apocyna- 
cee, the Gentianee, without either Grisebach or Alph. de 
Candolle, than whom none could have better investigated the 
matter, having been able to detect a single constant tangible 
character, except the milky juice of the former, and the bitter 
taste of thelatter, a physiological difference which may affect 
colour or other points, which the eye can appreciate, but the 
pen cannot delineate. The relation to Loganiacee will pre- 
sently be adverted to. ; 

Amongst the generic characters hitherto little attended to 
in Apocynacee, considerable assistance has here been derived 
from the modification of the calycine glands and nectarium, 
and the twisting of the corolla, whether from left to right or 
from right to left, which is shown to be often, though not 
always, constant in genera, and nearly so in the tribes. 

The Asclepiadaceæ had been for several years studied by De- 
caisne and some excellent papers were published by him in the 
Annales des Sciences Naturelles for 1838. The nice and com- 
plicated characters furnished by the sexual apparatus in this 
order are well known from the valuable works of Robert 
Brown. The extreme difficulty of ascertaining them in dried 
specimens may be at once experienced by any one who at- 
tempts their determination, who will readily appreciate the 
tedious labour of examining specimens more or less numerous 
of almost eight hundred species (out of near one thousand enu- 
merated), which has been done with the greatest care and 
accuracy on the present occasion by Decaisne. His materials 
were the rich collection in the Museum du Jardin du Roi, at 
Paris, together with the Asclepiadee from De Candolle’s her- 

ium, transmitted to him from Geneva, and some species 
from the herbaria of Benj. Delessert, P. B. Webb, and 
G. Bentham. He had thus at his disposal the most impor- 
tant of the collections above mentioned as made use of by 
De Candolle, and besides valuable authentic ‘specimens of 


234 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


old species, nearly complete sets of Blume's Javanese an 
Galeotti and. Linden's Mexican plants received by the Mu- 
seum from Holland and Belgium.* He had also access to 
the most complete botanical libraries in existence; and when 
we consider in addition to these advantages, the high autho- 
rity of Robert Brown, whose principles the author generally 
follows, his own well known scientific views, ability and accu- 
racy, and his admirable talent for botanical delineation, we 
should think it vain to attempt a criticism of his work with- 
out having followed him through it step by step. And if on 
taking up an Asclepiadeous plant to determine, we are alarmed 
on observing in this very natural order, one hundred and 
thirty-three genera, of which many appear to us exactly alike 
in habit, inflorescence and general aspect of their minute 
flowers, and are tempted to exclaim against them as artificial 
and fanciful, we may at least rely upon their definitions being 
accurate, and provided we do not fail in our own powers of 
observation, we shall be safely led to the genus we are 1 
search of. T 

The Loganiacee (partly by the elder De Candolle, partly 
by his son) with which the ninth volume commences, present, 
at first sight, an anomalous assemblage of genera, expelled 
from other orders; but, if we strike out three or four genera, 
which may possibly find their place elsewhere, and reduce the 
Loganiacee to those limits which were probably originally con- 
templated by Brown, we shall have an intelligible group, well 
designated as “ Rubiacee with a free ovary? Brown orig 
nally said they might be either considered as an independent 
order or be united with Rubiacee ; Torrey and Gray adopted 
the latter course, De Candolle has preferred the former; 
this appears to us the most convenient, there being nothing 
to interfere with drawing a positive line of demarcation, even 
between the semi-free ovary of Hedyotis (Houstonia) cer’ 
lea, and the supposed partial adherence of the ovary in Mi- 
treola, which we confess escapes our observation. 


* Of Gardner's Brasilian collections, those from Goyaz and Minas Ge- 
raes appear to have reached him too late for insertion, 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 235 


distance from Apocynacee is really greater, though not so 
easily defined, the absolute character must be drawn from the 
strictly valvate æstivation of the corolla in some genera, from 
the presence of interpetiolar stipules in others, and, in all, the 
placentation is much more, if not absolutely, axile. There is 
also no follicular fruit, and probably no milky juice. The 
connexion with Gentianee need scarcely be adverted to, 
because it only exists through the Apocynacee. 

Three genera, Polypremum, Lachnopylis, and Gelsemium, 
must, however, absolutely be excluded ; the first, Polypremum 
has the æstivation of the corolla imbricate, not valvate, it 
has been placed by some among Rubiacee, but the ovary is 
entirely free, and we see no one character, by which it can be 
distinguished from Scrophulariacee. The structure of the 
flower is very near that of Microcarpea, and as in that genus 
and the whole of the Buddleiee, the leaves are connected by a 
membrane which in some species of Buddleia, expands into 
a foliaceous appendage very like a stipule, if not a real one. 
Lachnopylis has not been seen by us, but from the character 
given, we have little doubt thatit is the same as Nuria, an 
undoubted Scrophulariacea. | Gelsemium has been singu- 
larly unfortunate; anomalous enough in itself, it has been 
thought still more so from the mistake made by Fenzl (and 
pointed out by De Candolle) in describing for its fruit, the 
follicles of an Apocynum, which had been distributed with the 
flowering specimens of Gelsemium in Drummond’s New Or- 
leans (1833) collection. - The placentation in this genus is 
axile, the æstivation of the corolla is imbricate, and differs 
only from the most common form of bilabiate imbrication, by 
having one of the upper lobes overlapped on one side by one 
of the lateral lobes, instead of having both the upper lobes 
outside of all; in habit and many other characters, it is also 
not unlike the tribe Chelonee of Scrophulariacee, but the five 
perfect equal stamens are very unusualin that order, and the 
quadrifid apex of the style is not known to exist in any one of 
its numerous genera. It must, therefore, be rejected as an 
anomalous genus (or rather plant, for there is but only spe- 


236 BOTANICAL INFORMATION: 


cies) differing from all the great corolliflorous orders, but 
much nearer to Scrophulariacee than to any other. 

The anomalies of Usteria and of the Potaliee are singular, 
but do not interfere with the technical limitation of Logania- 
cee and the habit of Potaliee is very near that of Fagrea ; 
that of Usteria is unknown to us. Including these genera 
and all the remaining genera of the Prodromus (except the 
two last doubtful ones) we shall find the axile placentation, 
free ovary, valvate or contorted æstivation, with interpetiolar 
stipules, constant in the latter case, though sometimes eva- 
nescent with the valvate æstivation, good characters to dis- 
tinguish the order from its allies, and affording exceptions 
only in a very few species of one genus, which is unfortunate- 
ly that which gives its name to the order. One species of 
Logania has no stipules, and it appears that the æstivation of 
the corolla which we have generally observed to be contorted 
is not always so; still the genus is too natural a one to be 
broken up, the stipules and contorted æstivation are too pre- 
valent for it to be referred to Scrophulariacee, and this must 
be considered as the narrow isthmus which connects the latter 
order with the remainder of the Loganiacee, and through 
them with Rubiaceæ. 

The ovary and fruit of Loganiacee afford nearly all the va- 
rieties of structure observed in Rubiacee. Thus the Spigeliee 
and Euloganiee correspond with the Hedyotidee, the Strych- 
nee and Fagreacee with the Gardeniee, the Gardneriee and 
Gertneree with the Coffeacee, the Antoniee and Usteriee 
with the Cinchonee, the Labordiee probably with the Hame- 
liee. In the character of Pagamea, the fruit is inadvertently 
stated as, “ bilocularis, loculis monospermis,” and again, 
* semina, ex Benth. numerosissima, minuta." The fact pro- 
bably is that both are in some measure wrong; that, as in 
several Gardeniee, the thick fleshy placentæ look like large 
peltate seeds, and have been described as such, that the nu- 
merous minute seeds observed by Bentham were all abortive, 
and that the real fully formed seeds are as yet unknown. 

The Gentianacee, by Grisebach, are an abridgement and a 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 937 


revision up to Feb. 1843 of the excellent monograph of that 
order published by him 1838,* from the ample materials con- 
tained in bis own and other German herbaria, as well as 
Sir W. J. Hooker's rich collection, of which he had the loan, 
and it is only to be regretted that through his conscientious ac- 
tivity in remitting his MS. by the time originally stipulated, 
he had not the means of including some of the later received 
collections, quoted in other parts of the volume. Taking the 
two works together, the exposition of the structure, affinities, 
geographical distribution and systematic arrangement, show 
so thorough an acquaintance with the subject, and views so 
sound, as to leave but little to remark on them. The only 
thing to be regretted is perhaps too great a multiplication of 
genera, In a very natural order like Gentianee, the charac- 
ters by which it can be divided become necessarily so much 
the less important as well as more difficult to appreciate. 
Some of those even on which the primary divisions are based, 
the deciduous or persistent style, the presence or absence of 
a connectivum, require nothing less than the experienced eye 
of the author to ascertain them with precision, although the 
general arrangement resulting from their adoption appears 
unexceptionable. 

Amongst the species we may observe that Grisebach must 
have received a wrong plant for Exacum sulcatum Roxb.; at 
least specimens, so named by Roxburgh, have the anthers as 
described by him in the Flora Indica, and are not different. 
from E. pedunculatum ; Eustoma (Urananthus, Benth.) chiro- 
nioides is probably a  Gyrandra ; Coutoubea lutea, Steud. 
(p. 562 of the Prod.) is an accidentally aberrant form of 
C. densiflora. As to Voyria nuda, it is surprising Grisebach 
should have overlooked the strange anomalies described and 
figured by Splitgerber; the alternate (squamiform) leaves, 
the simple perianth, the position of the stamens, the structure 


* For commercial reasons, the publisher post-dated this work, “ 1839.” 
The manuscript was dismissed from the author’s hands before the middle 
of 1838, and the work had actually reached the London booksellers, near 
à month before the close of 1838. 


238 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


of the capsule and seeds are totally unlike anything else in 
Gentianeæ. If (and it is a likely mistake to make in examining 
so very delicate a plant without sacrificing several specimens) 
Splitgerber has only miscounted the number of parts of the 
flower, and that there are really six instead of five, then we 
have a Burmanniaceous plant, very near Apteria, of which 
there are several in similar situations in tropical America. 

The differences in habit between Ophelia and Swertia are 
said not to exist by those who have seen them growing, and 
since there are exceptions to all the other distinctive charac- 
ters, even to that derived from the style, the two genera must 
probably be reunited. 

The three next orders, Bignoniacee, Sesamee and Cyrtandra- 
cee, by the elder De Candolle, with notes and additions by his 
son, are perhaps rather out of place here ; but as there is great 
difficulty, not to say impossibility, in arranging the mo- 
nopetalous orders in a natural linear series, it was considered 
on the present occasion preferable to publish what were 
ready for the press in some kind of order, though not the 
best that could have been suggested, rather than wait till the 
whole of the orders were finished, which alone could have 
given an opportunity of combining them in the best manner. 
There is no doubt, however, that the group now in question 
should include Gesneriacee (to which Brown has satisfactorily 
reduced Cyrtandree as a tribe) and Orobanchee. These are all 
among bicarpellary Corolliflore, allied to Scrophulariacee 
and Acanthacee by their irregular flowers, either positively 
irregular by the abortion of the upper stamen and the 
so-called bilabiate æstivation of the corolla, or in a few cases 
with the irregularity indicated only by the estivation, and 
(excluding the true Pedaliee) by the cells of the ovary con- 
taining more than two ovules, or if two only, not collateral. 
On the other hand, they all differ from Serophulariacee and 
other allied orders, by the placentation, which is not truly 
axile, but more or less parietal ;* that is to say, that in the 


* We do not here take into consideration the vexata questio whether in” 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 239 


Scrophulariaceous or axile group, the four placente are united 
together in the centre of the ovarium, whilst in the Bignonia- 
ceous or parietal group, they are more or less removed from 
the centre in pairs, the interval being either empty or occu- 
pied by a spurious cellular dissepiment. This distinction is 
of little or no importance in some calyciflorous orders, while 
among Corolliflore it appears to be usually connected with 
great general differences, 

The main difficulty experienced by De Candolle in the 
Bignoniacee consisted in the very imperfect state in which 
specimens are usually sent home by collectors. Most of the 
species are large climbers, which attract the notice of travel- 
lers by their handsome flowers, but are difficult to gather or 
to dry well when gathered, and the fruits are generally entirely 
neglected, or what is worse, mismatched. - Yet it is the fruit 
and seed which appear to afford the best characters, and 
are accordingly endeavoured to be made use of for the de- 
mareation of the tribes and genera. Unfortunately, how- 
ever, after establishing genera from the structure of the fruit 
of one or two species, the author has been obliged to asso- 
ciate with them many other species from similarity of aspect, 
and notwithstanding the excellent eye for a natural group 
Possessed by the late Professor De Candolle, it is probable 
that considerable alterations will hereafter require to be made 
in the circumscription of several of the genera: we have not 
indeed as yet sufficient data to determine satisfactorily the 
validity of the primary divisions derived from the dehiscence - 


these plants the placentæ proceed from an elongation of the floral axis, or 
from the inflexed margins of the carpellary leaves, for however we might in 
the case of some of these orders (or perhaps only in some genera) incline to 
the former opinion, much sound argument may also be adduced on the other 
side ; and practically speaking, for systematic purposes, the decision is of 
little Or no importance, Under both theories, the placentæ must be 
admitted to be always double in number to the carpellary leaves, often 
intimately connected with each other (with or without the intervention of 
à central column), and with the margins of the carpellary leaves or with 

mr only—or, as the fruit ripens, more or less detached or de- 


240 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


of the fruit, and the number of rows of seeds on each side of 
the dissepiment. . 

Among the more special observations which have occurred 
to us are the following: from Bignonia (which is still a recep- 
tacle for every species that will suit no other genus, and 
consequently remains yet to be defined) it is probable that all 
simple-leaved species will have to be excluded. B. castanee- 
folia is most likely the Tecoma Gaudichaudi, so common 
about Guayaquil. B. obovata is an apocyneous plant. Pa- 
chyptera can scarcely be yet considered as a genus,. being 
established upon two fruits without flower, to which are 
added four species of which the fruits are unknown, no 
generic character being given which can show any reason for 
their being so included. The Delastoma latifolium, described 
by Splitgerber, appears to us to be the same species as 
Tabebuia rufinervis. If the glands on the calyx and general 
habit of Adenocalymna indicate a real genus, it will not be 
confined to South America, an unpublished species having 
been sent from Port Essington, in tropical Australia. The 
digitate-leaved Tecome and Tabebuie are probably congeners, 
and very different from the simple and pinnate-leaved tree 
Tecome. Spathodea is at present an equally heterogeneous an 
assemblage with Bignonia itself. Platycarpum, only known 
from Bonpland’s figure and description, (from which the struc- 
ture of the ovary and seeds is omitted), is evidently no 
Bignoniaceous plant, but must remain a puzzle till it s 
have been examined by a botanist. 

The Sesamee are not at present in a very satisfactory state, 
although so large a portion of the few species enumera 
(twenty-five species in twelve genera) have been the subject 
of detailed descriptions, figures, dissertations or observations 
from botanists of great authority. The true Sesame, in- 
cluding De Candolle's six first genera, and probably also the 
three last, are all bicarpellary, with pluriovulate placentæ, 
and are closely allied to Bignoniacee and Cyrtandreæ, whilst 
Pedalium and Josephinie have long since been shown by 
Brown to bear that analogy only to Sesamum which Myopo- 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 941 


rinee and Verbenaceæ respectively bear to Scrophulariacee. 
These two genera cannot, therefore, be included in Sesamee 
without interfering too much with the ordinal character; but 
whether they should prove to be the nucleus of a small distinct 
order, or whether (which is more probable) they ought with 
Myoporinee to be included among Verbenaceæ, can only be 
determined when the latter order shall be completed. 

The Cyrtandracee were prepared by De Candolle before 
the- appearance of Brown’s Memoir (in Horsfield's Pl. Jav. 
Rar), but his son has made additions derived from that 
source as well as from what few materials he had since col- 
lected. Unfortunately he appears to bave possessed very 
few of the published species, and Brown had only enu- 
merated species in some of the genera; so that, for our her- 
baria, this order is still incomplete, in this respect. The 
genera included in Brown's paper are, of course, well defined, 
but there are six at least upon which we have not his opinion, 
Viz: Conandron and Napeanthus, published since his paper, 
Rehmannia and Isanthera, which had been described erro- 
neously as having bilocular ovaria, and therefore his atten- 
tion was not called to them, and Ramondia and Haberlea, 
both known to him, but excluded from Cyrtandraceæ for 
reasons which we cannot but regret he has not published. 

Recurring to the general arrangement of the orders we 
have just now been viewing,—were the structure of some 
anomalous Orobancheæ but better known to us, we should 
not hesitate in suggesting the formation, under the name of 

: J iaceæ, of one large Order, of which Bignonieæ, Crescen- 
tiee, Orobanchee, Gesneriee, Cyrtandree and Sesamee would 
Constitute so many tribes. This order and Scrophulariaceæ 
Consisting, the one of about 1000, the other of about 1800 
Species, would then be alike in the structure of the flower, 

ut different in the placentation ; they could in all cases 
distinguished from each other in flowering specimens or in 
fruit; and would also always be known from the allied orders - 
When in flower, and in most cases when in fruit. prec 
Hydrophyllacee, by Alphonse de Candolle, are placed next, 
VOL. Iv. E 


242 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


because of having a bicarpellary unilocular ovarium with the 
placenta either parietal, or at any rate not in the axis, and a 
flower more allied to the Convolvulacee and Boraginee than 
to the preceding orders. -From an observation in p. 564, it 
appears that had he sooner observed them, he would have in- 
cluded the greater portion, if not all Hydroleacee in the present 
order; and it would appear correctly so ; but too great faith 
has been hitherto placed upon Choisy's monograph, who 
distinetly states that all the genera have a bilocular ovary; 
whereas De Candolle finds it always unilocular, except in 
Hydrolea itself, where the dissepiment is of the same nature 
as that of Bignonia. inh 

- In the details of the order the author has carefully revised 
the monograph published by G. Bentham in the 17th vol. of 
the Linnean Transactions, made several corrections and 
additions, and attaching generic importance to the presence 
or absence of the squamæ in the tube of the corolla, has 
established three new genera, the validity of which remains 
perhaps yet to be tested. — — ; 

- The Polemoniaceæ had, perhaps, been better placed between 
Boraginee and Solanacee. They are, however, anomalous 
among Corolliffere by the constancy (unless in accidentally 
abnormal flowers) of the tricarpellary ovary. They possess 
the contorted æstivation of Apocynacee and Genlianacee, 
the axile placentation of Solanee and Scrophulariacee, with 
the inflorescence also, if not the habit, of some groups in the 
two latter orders. They are worked up by Mr. Bentham from 
the materials contained in his own herbarium, and in those 
of Sir W. J. Hooker, the British Museum, and some other 
London collections down to the spring of 1843, since which 
time but little has been added to the order. The genus 
Cyananthus, usually referred to this order, has been omitted, 
for reasons which the author has forgotten to give in the 
Prodromus. The insertion of the stamens, the structure of 
the ovary and fruit, the milky juice, the habit, &c., all indi- 
cate the close affinity of these plants to Wahlenbergia among 
Campanulacee, from which they only differ, as Lobelia Xala- 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 243 


pensis does from L. Cliffortiana, by the ovary scarcely adhe- 
rent, though not wholly free. 

The two last orders in the volume, Convolvulacee and Bo- 
raginee, belong, as to placentation, to the same group as 
Labiate, and perhaps some other orders not vet published, 
having a bicarpellary (rarely tricarpellary) ovarium, with two 
collateral ovules in each carpel; the ovary being sometimes 
unilocular, but more frequently divided by more or less com- 
plete dissepiments, either between the carpels only, or trans- 
versely also between the ovules. The dissepiments, when 
they exist, are generally, if not always, free from the ovules 
which have an independent insertion ; thüs affording a strong 
argument to those who advocate the attachment of ovules to 
à prolongation of the axis, and not to the margins of the car- 
pellary leaves. Li | 


at Geneva, liad the full command of De Candolle's materials, 
including several sets of Convolvulacee communicated ex- 
pressly for his use; he was known to have applied himself 
for many years with great zeal to their study, and we had 
confidently expected to have seen the confusion which has 
Prevailed over the extensive genera of that order, in a great 
measure dissipated ; but we have been disappointed. "There 
are great difficulties, it is true, arising from the number of 
stmilar-looking but very distinct species, as well as of dissi- 
milar forms assumed by one and the same species, from the 
Véry incomplete specimens usually sent home by collectors, 
and from the unusually large number of species imperfectly 
9r incorrectly described ; yet, if we are authorized in assert- 
ing that many of the genera as here circumscribed are not 
natural, that they contain species which do not agree with 
the artificial character given, that some of the more important 
characters are incorrectly expressed, that the principles 
adopted are often unphilosophical, we may well add that the 
monograph of Convolvulacee remains to be done. We would 

er express a hope, that when that is at length accom- 

: pim T9 


244 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


plished, it may not be necessary to beg the reader who has 
an Zpomea to determine not only “ut patienter inter plures 
sectiones investigationes suas dirigat," but, when he has 
laboured through the diagnoses of 282 species, “sin plantam 
suam inter Jpomeas reperiat, quærat inter Argyreias, (35 spe- 
cies), quaerat inter Jacquemontias (18 more) forsan felicior 
erit. The author might have added,—if luck does not yet 
assist him, he may still have a chance among a hundred other 
species, distributed into a dozen so-called genera. 

A few details taken from the species which we have had 
occasion to examine, will we fear, bear us out in these 
statements, which we confess, we should much rejoice to see 
refuted. 

With regard to the general division; Cuscuta, no 
doubt, forms a distinct tribe, and the deeply-lobed ovary of 
Dichondra and Falkia, analogous to that of Labiate, is also a 
sufficient distinction to justify their separation as a tribe, 
though so very small a one. There exists also a considerable 
difference between the berry of 4rgyreia and the capsule of 
Ipomea, but we doubt much if the consistence of the fruit can 
distinctly—and certainly it cannot naturally—separate the 
two first tribes of Argyreiee and Convolvulee. Species be- 
longing to the two tribes are often so similar that they can 
scarcely be otherwise discriminated from each other; and abso- 
lutely as the character is given of Argyreiee, “ Pericarpium 
indehiscens," how comes it to include Maripa spectabilis, 
* fructu 4-valvi;" and what idea are we to form to ourselves 
of the “indehiscent baccate woody capsule” of Humbertia? 
The fact is, several of these plants have capsules with fleshy 
valves, which are more or less separable at their maturity, 
according to their species, and probably also according to atmo- 
spheric influences, and scarcely sufficient is yet known to 
establish even generic characters on the consistence of the fruit. 

There is scarcely more accuracy in the next subdivision, 
which is propounded absolutely without reference to any excep- 
tions, and would appear to be among the easiest characters to 
ascertain, “ Convolvulee : Subtribus 1. Stylus unicus. Subtri- 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 245 


bus 2. Stylus divisus aut styli plures." In the first subtribe, 
however, we have several Porane, with a style confessedly 
semi-bifid, and some Convolvuli in which it is really so, whilst 
in the second, there is also Breweria, where the style is 
described as “1, semi-bifidus;" and the two subtribes thus 
characterized, are therefore not distinct. The fact is, suffi- 
cient attention has not been paid to what portion of the style 
is or is not stigmatic. The bifurcation of the style is more 
or less apparent in the great mass of Convolvulacee (as well 
as of a great many other bicarpellary orders); in numerous 
cases it is only so at the summit, and the very short branches 
are entirely covered with the stigmatic papille. In these in- 
stances the branches of the style and the stigmata are synony- 
mous terms; in most Convolvuli, however (as well as in 
several Jacquemontiæ, and perhaps a few Ipomee), the papillæ 
cease at some distance (however small) from the bifurcation, 
When it manifestly becomes incorrect to designate the style 
as simple with two stigmata ; and since the order of Convolvu- 
lacee exhibit a great diversity in the form of the stigmatic 
surface and the proportion it bears to the branches or to the 
whole style, and as from these variations some of the best 
generic characters are derived, it is most essential that what- 
ever nomenclature be adopted, it be at least correct and 
precise. | 

The third and last division, also expressed with true Lin- 
nean brevity, will still less bear a close scrutiny. Divisio 1, 
(subtribus 1), ovarium 3-4-loculare. Divisio 2, ovarium 
2-loculare. Divisio 3, ovarium 1-loculare aut junius tantum 
2-loculare. From what has been above said of the nature of 
the transverse dissepiments in Convolvulacee, they being 
merely cellular expansions between the collateral ovules of 
each carpel, we might almost predict, à priori, that they would 
Prove of little importance; and we find not only that they 
are present or absent in species which can scarcely otherwise 
be distinguished, but that they, like other so-called spurious 
dissepiments, are often incomplete, the transverse section of 
the upper portion of the ovary showing it to be four-celled, 


246 BOTANICAL- INFORMATION. 


whilst in the lower part it is two-celled only. This I have 
observed in.several species of Choisy’s Batatas, and he him- 
self admits it in Calonyction. That, the absence of the dissepi- 
ment between the carpels in some convolvulaceous fruits is 
of no greater importance, is proved by Alphonse de Candolle, 
who (in a note, p. 463 of the same vol.) states that the sup- 
posed unilocular ovary of Porana and Shutereia at least, is in 
fact bilocular. 

The only real difference.with regard to the ovary lies in 
Pharbitis, where there is an additional carpel with its two 

ovules, and sometimes it would appear, two additional ones. 

Whether or not this character be found sufficiently constant 
_to retain the genus (for it is variable in some species), it can- 
not at any rate be placed in the same category as the deve- 
lopment of a spurious dissepiment between the seeds. 

Attaching, however, no more than generic importance to 
all these modifications, and considering it necessary to adopt 
them, if not as natural, at any rate as artificial distinctions, in 
so very numerous a group of species, they may be useful or 
even the most useful, provided (in the absence of all vege- 

_ tative characters), they really exist in the species supposed to 
possess them; but even in the few Convolvulacee we have 
‘had leisure to compare, we have found several (and those well 
known to the author by specimens or good figures), arranged 
in genera from whose character they completely differ. Thus: 

Ipomea muricata, Roxb., a common East Indian plant, has 
a corolla nearly the shape of that of the common Pharbitis 
purpurea, with stamens shorter than the tube; we find it in 
Calonyction, of which the character is * Corolla infundibuli- 
formis (which is not incorrect), stamina exserta,” and more- 
over reduced as a synonym to the Jp. bona nox of Linnaeus, 
where the corolla is twice the size and almost hypocrateriform, 

with the stamens really exserted. . 

Ipomea longifolia, well figured in the Botanical Register, à 
species found in the elevated regions of the interior of 
Mexico, having a two-celled fruit, without any trace of trans- 
verse dissepiments, as shown in. the figure, is placed in 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 247 


Batatas, which has a four-celled ovary, and reduced to the 
common B. acetosefolia, only found in maritime sands. 

Ipomea purga, Wender, well known by good descriptions 
and by Zuccarini's figure, quoted by Choisy (we have not 
seen Nees’s figure), possesses a hypocrateriform corolla and 
exserted stamens. It is placed in Jpomea, of which part of 
the character is “ Corolla campanulata, stamina inclusa.” 

This same genus Jpomea, “nunc, speramus, stricte defi- 
nitum," of which the corolla is stated to be “ campanulata,” 
without any explanation or exception, is made to include 
twenty-six species * corolla tubulosa” (one of them, J. pilosa, 
has it in fact remarkably broadly campanulate), ten species 
“corolla infundibuliformi," six * corolla tubuloso-infundibuli- 
formi,” besides innumerable others with a long tube, a hypocra- 
teriform limb, an inflated, ventricose or urceolate tube, &c., 
which may all be modifications of the campanulate; but to 
be intelligible as such, the generic character would surely 
have required some explanation. 

Moorcroftia is admitted as a genus, from an innate con- 
viction of the author that it is a genus; the reasons for 
which he does not impart, as it confessedly waits for a cha- 
racter, 

The subdivisions of. Zpomea aud Convolvulus are derived 
chiefly from the duration of the plant, the volubility of the 
stem, and the form of the leaves, the most uncertain of all 
characters ; whilst the striking variations in the calyx, the 
anthers, &c., are neglected. 

We must, moreover, protest against the constant use 
of positive dimensions in the specific diagnoses, especially 
when drawn from those parts of the plant most subject to 
Variation in this respect. 

Passing over the anomalous genus Erycibe, which we regret 
to see established as an order (on account of the few species 
it contains), but which we have not had leisure to examine, 
We come to the Boraginee from De Candolle's manuscripts, 

enriched with additions and most important notes by his 


248 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


son. On revising his father's papers for the press, he re- 
examined a considerable number of species, was enabled to 
correct some errors that had crept into the manuscript, and 
considerably to modify and improve the generic and sectional 
characters, chiefly by the introduction of those modifications in 
the estivation of the corolla, which had previously been little 
attended to or wholly neglected. The principles which have 
guided him have, we believe, been explained in a paper read 
at the scientific meeting at Milan, last autumn. Since we have 
not yet seen this memoir, and a considerable portion of 
the Boraginee remains yet to be published, we defer any 
further observations till the appearance of the tenth volume. 

In conclusion, we must congratulate Professor Alphonse 
de Candolle on his success in following his father's footsteps, 
and on the improvements, both scientific and practical, which 
he has introduced into this important work. Whatever we 
have said in praise or dispraise of particular portions of it, 
has been the result of impressions received during the hitherto 
partial use we have made of it. We have no doubt that had we 
had time and ability to follow the respective authors through 
the whole of their tedious labours, we should have found 
many more grounds for commendation, and might probably 
on the other hand, have seen reason for softening down the 
apparently severe remarks we have on some occasions 
thought ourselves compelled to make. 


LINDLEY’s Vegetable Kingdom. 


An important work may soon be expected from the pen 
and pencil of Dr. Lindley, which although nominally a third 
edition of that author's “ Natural System of Botany, or a 
systematic view of the Organization, Natural Affinities, and 
Geographical distribution of the whole Vegetable Kingdom,” 
wil be in reality a new work. It will form, we under- 


ALGZ ANTARCTICA. 249 


stand, a stout octavo volume, full of wood-cuts, illustra- 
tiveof the Natural Orders. Such a book was much needed 
by the botanical student, and few persons are so competent 
to the task as Dr. Lindley. 


ALGÆ Antarctica, being characters and descriptions of the 
hitherto unpublished species of Ava, discovered in Lord 
Auckland’s Group, Campbells Island, Kerguelen’s Land, 
Falkland Islands, Cape Horn and other southern circumpolar 
regions, during the voyage of H.M. discovery ships ** Erebus” 
and “Terror; by Dr. J. D. Hooker and W. H. Harvey, 
Esq. M.D. 


MELANOSPERMEZÆ or FUCOIDES. 


1. Durvillea Harveyi, Hook. fil.; radice e fibris crassis demum 
anastomosantibus constante, stipite perbrevi valido com- 
presso in laminam subsolidam coriaceam apice laciniatam 
gradatim attenuato. 

Has. Hermite Isl., Cape Horn and the Falkland Islands. 

A very distinct species, which may readily be recognised 
by the fibrous root, that of D. utilis being always scutate. The 
frond is of a much thinner texture (though covered with fruc- 
tification) and never, even in its largest state, has been found 
incrassated or filled with transverse inflated cells ; it often at- 
tains a length of six feet and upwards. 

2. Desmarestia chordalis, nobis ; fronde coriaceo-cartilaginea 
compressa anguste lineari tri-quadripinnata, pinnis pin- 
nulisque lengissimis oppositis distantibus apice longe nudis, 
pinnulis sæpe alternis elongatis inermibus chordiformibus. 

Has. Christmas Harbour, Kerguelen’s Land. 

This forms a verdant mass under the sea in 2-5 fathom water, 
growing on the rocks. The fronds are several feet in length, 
a line or a line and a half in diameter in the principal stems, 
and half a line in the pinnæ. The long whip-like naked apices 
of the branches are a very striking specific character, — — 

3. Desmarestia Rossii, nobis; fronde coriaceo- -cartila- 


250 ALGH ANTARCTICA. 


ginea compressa lineari bi-tripinnata cireumscriptione an- 

guste lanceolata, pinnis pinnulisque omnibus oppositis 
_ basi apiceque attenuatis acutis erectis v. ultimis appressis 

margine integerrimis. 
Has. Falkland Islands, abundantly, and Hermite Island, 

Cape Horn. 

Fronds many feet in length, of a singularly narrow-lanceo- 
late outline, bipinnate in the lower and upper part, triply pin- 
nate inthe middle. Stems 2-3 lines in diameter, branches 
1 line, all remarkably tapering to the base and apex, and all 
inserted at a very acute angle, so as to be nearly erect. It 
most resembles a very narrow form of D. ligulata, but is of a 
much coarser and thicker texture. Besides these new spe- 
cies, D. ligulata, media and viridis, were found abundantly in 
the Antarctic Seas. 

4. Dictyosiphon fasciculatus, nob. in Flor. Antarct, v. l, 

p- 178, t. 69, f. 1. 

Has. Lord Auckland’s Group. 


STEREOCLADON, Nov. Gen. 


Frons solida, olivacea, filiformis, ramosissima, e cellulis endo- 
chromate repletis longitudinaliter seriatis formata.  Spori- 
dia solitaria, sparsa, in frondis peripheria immersa, nigro- 
olivacea, elliptica.— Genus dubiæ affinitatis, vix in tribu 
Dictyotearum includendum. 

5. Stereocladon Lyallii, nobis. 

Has. Cape Horn and the Falkland Islands. 

Frons 5-6 uncias longa, setacea, decomposito-ramosissima, 
ramificatione valde irregulari. Caulis percurrens v. parce 
divisus, vix dichotome ramosus. Rami alterni, patentes, 
flexuosi, decompositi; ramuli omnes patentes, flexuosi V- 
squarrosi, multifidi ; sapices acuti. Substantia rigidula, 
charte laxe adherens. Color olivaceus. Sporidia nu- 
merosissima, per frondis partem. ipea dense sparsa; 
immersa. 

. This remarkable plant resembles to the pow eye : Dictyo- 


ALGÆ ANTARCTICA. 251 


siphon feniculaceus, but the stem and branches are solid 

throughout, and the seeds are immersed endwise, in the 

substance of the branch. 

6. Adenocystis Lessonii, nobis in Flora Antarct. v.1, p. 179, 
t. 69, f. 9. 

Has. Cape Horn, Falklands, Kerguelen's Land, Lord Auck- 
land's Group, CampbelPs Islands, and in the sea at Cock- 
burn Island. 

7. Sphacelaria obovata, nobis; pusilla, stupa nulla, fronde 
cireumscriptione obovata, caule tenui articulato basi longe 
nudo in parte superiore ramis elongatis crebris erecto-pa- 
tentibus laxe pinnatis distichis ornato, apicibus sphace- 
latis. 

Has. St. Martin's Cove, Cape Horn, in deep water only. 
Fronds 1-11 inches high, very slender, articulate through- 

out. If our specimens be fully grown their outline is suffi- 

cient to characterise the species. 

8. Mesogloia linearis, nobis ; virescens, circumscriptione 
linearis, caule indiviso tenui, ramis abbreviatis flexuosis 
crebris alternis, ramulis subsecundis. 

Has. St. Martin's Cove, Cape Horn. 

Fronds 4-6 inches long, + line in diameter, pale olive green. 
Stem undivided, but densely covered throughout with short 
flexuous branches, which are from i inch to an inch long, 
and either naked or sparingly furnished with ramuli, which 
generally issue from their lower or outer margin in a secund 
manner. The filaments of the periphery are moniliform, and 
not much protruded beyond the gelatine. testes 6d 


RHODOSPERMEÆ or FLoRIDEX. 


9. Delesseria dichotoma, nobis in Flora Antarct. v. 1, p. 184. 

Has. Lord Auckland's Group. 

10. Ectocarpus geminatus, nobis ; cespite basi intricato oli- 
vaceo v. virescente, filis (majusculis) tenuibus ramosissi- 
mis apice liberis plumosis, ramis ramulisque patentibus 
oppositis Y. quaternis ultimis ! ré ibus, vite T RS 


59 ALGÆ ANTARCTICA, 


sessilibus oppositis basi sæpius ramulo brevi bracteæformi 

fulcratis. 

Has. Cape Horn and the Falkland Islands. 

A beautiful species, 4-5 inches long, having the habit of 
E. granulosus, but amply distinguished by the constantly 
opposite, sessile, conical capsules, or  utricles, very 
generally subtended by a minute ramulus half their own 
length. The main branches are frequently in fours; the 
ultimate very short ramuli, are constantly opposite, and 
issue at an angle of 75° or 80°. Besides the present species, 
the European E. tomentosus and E. siliculosus are found at 
Cape Horn. 

11. Delesseria Davisii, nobis ; caule cartilagineo alato, lami- 
na profunde pinnatifida v. pinnata, laciniis v. pinnis disti- 
chis cultrato-lanceolatis obliquis costatis penninerviis 
(nervis alternis) demum inter nervos alterne v. secunde 
lacerato-laciniatis, lacinulis erecto-patentibus costatis. 

Has. St. Martin's Cove, Cape Horn. 

Stem, or original leaf 5-6 inches long, winged or widely 
margined with a membranous frond, sending out numerous 
alternate distichous simple or forked midribbed branches. 
These are rarely found entire, being generally deeply cleft, 
especially along the outer margin, in an oblique direction from 
the margin to the midrib. Colour a fine rosy red, and sub- 
stance delicately membranous. This species presents us with 
the characters of D. alata and sanguinea strangely combined, 
differing from the most luxuriant specimens of the former 
in colour and substance; and from the latter in the alternate 
disposition of the nervures, the division of the frond, &c. 

12. Delesseria Lyalii, nobis ; folio lineari-oblongo obtuso 
costato penni-nervi nervis oppositis argute serrato, margine 
incrassato, e margine folia consimilia pedicellata pinna- 
tim emittente, serraturis subulatis simplicibus vel latere 
inferiori dentatis, coccidiis in frondis pagina sparsis, soris 
linearibus inter nervos foliorum minorum majorumque 
sitis. 


Has. Kerguelen's Land, and Falkland Islands. 


ALGÆ ANTARCTIC. 253 


Primary leaf in the Kerguelen’s Land specimens nine 
inches, in those from the Falklands 4-5 inches long, from 
an inch to an inch in width, rising from a cylindrical petiole 
or stem, oblong, round-topped, furnished with a strong mid- 
rib, and penninerved with opposite veins, having the sub- 
stance of the frond thickened along the sharply serrated, 
but not sinuated margin. This primary leaf emits from 
the apices of the lateral nerves other leaves in all respects 
similar to itself, and all of them distinctly petiolate, and by 
no means rising (as in D. sínwosa) from sinuations of the 
margin, and these in their turn send out others which are at 
first obovate, and afterwards linear-oblong. The margin in all 
is sharply serrated rather than ciliate. In some very old 
Specimens the membrane of the old leaf has perished, and 
there remains but a slightly winged midrib from which new 
leaves sprout proliferously in an irregular manner. Colour 
rather a dark blood red, inclining to purplish. This is so 
like D. sinuosa, that on a hasty inspection it might pass 
for the ciliated variety of that species. The colour and sub- 
Stance are very similar; but the margin of our plant is not 
sinuous, but proliferous, the new leaves not proceeding from 
deepened laciniations as they do in all the specimens of that 
Species we possess, but being, from their origin, stalked and 
leaf-like. The margin of the frond also is sensibly thickened, 
the old leaf remains of its original form until it decays, and 
the situation of the fruit is different in the two species. 

13. Nitophyllum /ividum, nobis; fronde e stipite cartilagi- 
neo filiformi brevi late expansa basi vix venosa livido- 
Purpurea tenerrima furcata v. dichotoma margine undu- 
lato, laciniis oblongis patentibus obtusis, soris minutissi- 
mis punctiformibus coccidiisque perplurimis per totam 
frondem sparsis. 

Has. Falkland Islands. 

Stem cartilaginous, filiform, half an inch to an inch long, 
Vanishing in a few faint nerves at the base of the widely 
Spreading frond. Frond, save at the extreme base, perfectly 
Veinless and delicately membranous, four inches long, six or 


254 ALGH ANTARCTICA. 


more wide, divided into a few broad, forked, obtuse segments 
which spread at wide angles. Colour a livid purple, resem- 
bling that of some Porphyre, but not so glossy. The hue 
of this species is sufficient to distinguish it from all others, 
except N. Gunnianum of Tasmania, but the substance of 
that plant, the fruit of which is unknown, is very much 
thicker and less lubricous. 
14. Nitophyllum fusco-rubrum, nobis; stipite elongato fili- 
formi nune dichotomé ramoso nudo, ramis in fronde flabel- 
- liformi crasso-membranacea fusco-rubra lobata v. sepe 
longitudinaliter fissa exeuntibus, frondis basi cuneato- 
attenuata tenuiter venosa; margine plano subintegerrimo, 
apicibus làceratis?, soris minutissimis punctiformibus 
coccidiisque numerosissimis per totam frondem sparsis. 
Has. Kerguelen’s Land. 
' The specimens of this plant are very much torn and bat- 
tered, but sufficiently perfect to show that they belong to a 
new and distinct species. The stems are from one to three 
inches long, and either simple or irregularly branched; the 
branches terminating in fan-shaped fronds, cuneate and 
somewhat veiny at the base. They are of a thick substance, 
veinless above, and have a dull brownish-red colour, darker 
than that of any other species known to us. The sori of 
granules are exceedingly small, sometimes so much so, as fo 
be reduced to nearly solitary spherospores which are densely 
powdered over the whole frond. "The nearest affinity of this 
species is with N, ulvoideum, Hook. (N. Hillie, Grev.) from 
which it abundantly differs in colour, in the very remarkable 
and often extensively branched stem, the much more nume- 
rous capsules, and so far as we can judge, in outline also. 
15. Nitophyllum crispatum, nobis in Flora Antarct. v. P» 
Has. Auckland's Group and Campbell’s Island. : 
16. Nitophyllum Crozieri; nobis nobis; fronde stipitata basi 
longe attenuato-cuneata tenerrima rosea enervosa lato- 
lanceolata v. ovato-lanceolata nune integerrima nunc - 
laciniis pluribus lanceolatis longitudinaliter fissa, SOT! 
majusculis oblongis coccidiisque per frondem sparsis. — 


ALGA ANTARCTICA. 255 


Has. Cape Horn. 

Frond 8-12 inches long or more, rising from a minute 
disc, with a cartilaginous filiform stem that becomes winged 
at about a quarter inch above the base, and thence is gradually 
lost upwards in the long narrow cuneate base of the frond, 
the traces of the stem gradually becoming fainter as the lami- 
na widens, but not breaking up, as in some other species, into 
numerous veins. The normal form of the frond seems to be 
broadly lanceolate, gradually tapering to an acute point, and 
with an entire but wavy margin ; sometimes however it is cleft 
from the apex downwards into a number of linear-lanceolate 
tibbon-like segments, which though they acquire proper 
Margins, appear to originate in splittingor injury, more than 
from a natural division of the frond. This species is un- 
doubtedly closely allied to N. punctatum, from which it is 
chiefly distinguishable by the long cuneate base of the 
frond passing into a filiform stem, and by the absence of di- 
chotomous division, with wide axils. 

17: Nitophyllum multinerve, nobis ; fronde stipitata elliptica 
V. ovata subintegerrima v. lobata tenerrima roséa nervosa, 
nervis pluribus distingtis parce dichotomis subparallelis 
apicem versus frondis evanescentibus, soris. . . .? 

Han. Cape Horn and the Falkland Islands. 

Stem from i inch, as in most of our specimens, to nearly 
an inch long, simple, breaking up at the commencement of 
the frond, into numerous rib-like dichotomous veins, which 
are continued through the major part of the frond and vanish 
towards its apex. Frond delicately membranous, rose-co- 
loured, ovate or elliptical, but probably much modified as 
the plant advances. Our specimens are all young, and per- 

PS we are injudicious in founding a species upon them. 

eir nervation is, however, very remarkable, and much 

Tesembles that of our Delesseria dichotoma, but the nerves 

are much fainter, less distinct from the lamina, and they 

vanish at a greater distance from the apex, nor is there any 

Indication in the present plant of a disposition to form dis- 

leaves, oe our 


256 ALG ANTARCTICÆ. 


18. Nitophyllum Smithii, nobis; fronde stipitata basi 
cuneata flabelliformi lobata demum lacerata rubra membra- 
nacea nervosa, nervo basilari crasso centrali, lateralibus 
radiantibus tenuibus nunc obsoletis, omnibus sensim eva- 
nescentibus, soris minutis rotundatis in frondis laciniis 
marginem versus densissime sparsis. 

Has. Falkland Islands. 

Fronds 4-7 inches long, narrow in proportion, stipitate ; 
the stipes from half an inch to an inch long, filiform, becom- 
ing winged and passing into the cuneate base of the frond, 
but continuing upwards as a strong midrib for a considerable 
way, in some individuals for nearly three quarters the length 
of thefrond. From this central vein a number of others ra- 
diate in an oblique or arching direction towards the several 
segments of the margin. These, in some specimens, are very 
strongly marked; in others they are much fainter, and in 
some scarcely obvious. The outline of the frond is also ex- 
tremely variable, and sometimes it is so much lacerated or 
cloven into ribbons, that it is difficult to trace the original 
form. 

19. Nitophyllum laciniatum, nobis; fronde stipitata flabelli- 
formi infra crassa subvenosa supra tenui-membranacea 
rosea profunde digitatim lobata vel subdichotomo-pinnati- 
fida, laciniis lato-cuneatis inciso-dentatis, dentibus latissi- 
mis oblongis truncato-obtusis, sinubus angustis, marginibus 
crispulis, soris parvis per frondem sparsis. 

Has. Cape Horn and the Falkland Islands. 

Our specimens are mostly young and all but one (from 
Berkeley Sound) without fruit, and therefore doubts rest on 
the validity of this species which we cannot clear up. We 
feel confident, at least, that it is distinct from any of the 
Antarctic species'known to us, but are not sure that it may not 
be referable to N. Bonnemaisoni, which occasionally is found 
nearly as much laciniated. Still our plant appears different 
from any state of N. Bonnemaisoni that we have seen, though 
it is not easy to express the differences in words. Stipes 
to } an inch long, terminating in the cuneate thickened base 


ALGÆ ANTARCTICA. 257 


of the frond, which is 4-5 inches long, and deeply cleft 

into 5-9 segments either radiating from a centre in a digi- 

tate manner, or springing like pinnules, from a lengthened 
rachis. Colour at the base brownish-red, becoming rosy 
upwards. 

20. Plocamium* Hookeri, Harv.; fronde anguste lineari carti- 
laginea compresso-plana decomposito-ramosa disticha, ra- 
mis primariis subdichotomis patentibus, secundariis alter- 
nis flexuosis alterné folia et ramulos emittentibus, foliis 
planis aveniis obliquis obovato-lanceolatis obtusis basi 
attenuatis, nunc cultratis integerrimis v. margine exteriore 
crenatis, ramulis linearibus alterné et secundé pectinato- 
multifidis, stichidiis lateralibus densé fasciculatis brevibus 
digitatis laciniis obtusis simplicibus, coccidiis lateralibus 
sessilibus sparsis. 

Han. Christmas Harbour, Kerguelen's Land. 

Frond 8-10 inches long, not quite aline in diameter, plano- 
compressed, cartilaginous, very much branched in an irregular 
manner between dichotomous and pinnate ; the main branches 
spreading widely. Lesser branches with a linear outline, 
alternate, flexuose, furnished throughout both with flattened 
nerveless leaves, and with decompound ramuli, the larger 
of which resemble the branches in bearing a second set of 
leaves and branchlets; the ultimate divisions being generally 
secund and pectinate, as in P. coccineum. The leaves, which 
are peculiar to this species and at once distinguish it from 
every other, are about 4 an inch long, and from 1j to 3 
lines broad, narrow-obovate or lanceolate in shape, obtuse, 
nerveless and generally quite entire, but sometimes their 
Outer margin is slightly crenate. They are always more or 


* Plocamium Magellanicum, H. and H. (Thammophora Magellanica, 
Mont.) was found abundantly at Kerguelen's Land, the Falkland Islands, 
and Cape Horn. Most of our very numerous specimens are covered with 
Coceidia, but not one solitary individual bears stichidia, which is the 
more remarkable because, in other species of the genus, this latter descrip- 
tion of fruit is much most generally produced. ái 

VOL. IV. U 


258 ALGÆ ANTARCTICA. 


less oblique. The axilsare all rounded. The stichidia dense- 

ly tufted and laterally disposed on the ultimate ramuli. Colour 

a dark and rather dull red. 

21. Rhodomenia Hookeri, Harv.; fronde stipitata carnoso- 
membranacea sanguinea v. atro-sanguineà flabelliformi 
profunde fisså, laciniis lineari-cuneatis di-trichotome-mul- 
tifidis erecto-patentibus flabellatis, laciniis eroso-pinnati- 
fidis pinnulis brevissimis quadratis apicibus truncato- 
obtusis fastigiatis, axillis rotundatis, coccidiis spheericis 
ad apices (tunc acutos) congregatis, soris granulorum laxis 
in apicibus roseis dilatatis immersis. 

Has. Kerguelen's Land, the Falklands and Cape Horn ; 
abundant.—A most protean species, of which the following 
varieties were collected : 

a, flabellata ; fronde stipitata rosea v. sanguinea flabel- 
lata, fere ad basin partita, laciniis distincte flabel- 
liformibus, basi cuneatis repetite di-tri-vel palmatim- 
dichotomis, laciniis linearibus 3-} unciam latis, mar- 
gine lacinulis brevissimis truncatis quadratis alternis 
ornato, axillis rotundatis. : 

Some specimens of this variety bear a striking likeness 
to R. Lamberti, but are of a different substance. 

B, atrosanguinea ; fronde substipitata atrosanguinea pal- 
matifissa, laciniis lineari-cuneatis erectis subdichotomè 
vel alterne divisis margine proliferis, apice obtusis, 
axillis rotundatis. 

At the Falklands, near Cape Pembroke. 

Of a much darker colour than var. a, and nearly destitute 
of marginal tooth-like laciniæ. But the specimens have à 
sea beaten appearance, and there are some evidently con- 
necting the two forms, although the extremes are so different 
that we had, at first, supposed them to belong to different 
species. 

y, latissima; fronde 10-19 uncias longa, laciniis parum 
divisis 1-4. uncias latis (!), apicibus truncatis. | 

This so little resembles the other states that had it not 


ALGÆ ANTARCTIC. 259 


been examined and compared whilst fresh, we should scarcely 

venture to refer it to the same species. It was found at 

Kerguelen's Land, accompanying a, 2. 

à, lacerata; inter a et 8, media. 

At Kerguelen's Land. "The root is Maga sca by fibres, 
and the frond is subsessile. 

e, prolifera; fronde 14-2 uncias longa subdichotoma, la- 
ciniarum marginibus proliferis lacinulas numerosas 
angustissimas furcatas v. irregulariter ramulosas acutas 
emittentibus. 

At Kerguelen's Land, on sea-weeds cast up. 

č, pulcherrima; laciniis angustis decomposito-ramosis, 
pinnulis ultimis elongatis emarginatis. 

Berkeley Sound, Falkland Islands. 

. This variety is RUD for been few dhd but little 
passing into narrow much divided minor segments ‘not a line 
and sometimes not halfa line in breadth. It bearsno resem- 
to B or y, but through a it is joined to them. 

22. Rhodomenia? variolosa, nobis; fronde carnoso-membra- 
nacea sanguinea in laciniis pluribus lato-linearibus v. cune- 
atis elongatis furcatis v. dichotomis fere ad basin divisa, 
laciniis basi attenuatis erectis apice obtusis v. emarginatis, 
coccidiis superficiariis sessilibus v. pedicellatis densissime 
conspersis deciduis. 

Has. Kerguelen's Land. | 
Frond 7-8 inches long, divided nearly to the base into 

several segments, which vary from 3 an inch to an inch in 

breadth, taper to the base, are broader upwards and are either 
forked or twice or thrice dichotomous, with widely spreading 
angles. The margin is simple, or sparingly proliferous. 

Over the surface of the lacinie, on one or both sides of the 

frond, papillæform bodies, containing granules, but not ex- 

actly similar in structure to' the coccidia usual in the genus, 
are very densely scattered. "They are fixed to the surface by 

à central point, and may very easily be detached with a 


slight touch, leaving behind them a minute puricture. These 
v2 


260 ALGH ANTARCTICA. 


form the most striking feature of the species, which otherwise 

resembles some of the aspects of R. Hookeri. In structure the 

frond has an affinity with that of R. polycarpa, but the fruc- 
tification is abundantly different. Some of the specimens are 
very much smaller, being only two inches high, with segments 

a quarter inch broad. 

22. Rhodomenia dichotoma, nobis in Flor. Antarct. v. 1. 

Has. Campbell’s Island. 

23. Phyllophora cuneifolim, nobis ; fronde stipitata lato- 
cuneata v. flabelliformi integra v. emarginata, e disco v. 
apice frondes consimiles emittente. 

Has. Falkland Islands: rare. 

Frond stipitate; stipes flattened, short, gradually expand- 
ing into the broadly wedge-shaped, or inversely deltoid frond, 
which is of a horny membranous substance and pinky red 
colour, about 13-2 inches long, an inch or 14 inches broad, 
either truncate and entire or obtusely emarginate, or some- 
times erose. From the disc or apex of this primary frond, 
others exactly similar arise, and these in their turn produce 
others, so that the plant finally becomes an irregularly 
branched chain of fronds several inches inlength. Fruit un- 
known. This may only be a very broad state of Phyllophora 
Brodiei (Fucus Brodiæi, Turn. t. 72) a point which cannot be 
fully determined till the fruit be discovered. It is at least a 
very strongly marked variety, and coming from the Southern 
Ocean we deem it safest to give it a distinctive name. 

24. Gracilaria? obtusangula, nobis; radice fibrosa, frondibus 
purpurascentibus cæspitosis è basi ramosissimis intricatis 
gracilibus subcylindricis subcompressis flexuosis flaccidis 
carnoso-membranaceis irregulariter dichotomis, axillis ob- 
tusis sæpissime latis, ramis decompositis sensim attenuatis, 
ramulis filiformibus v. subulatis acutis, ultimis sæpe secun- 
dis, fructu. . . .? 

var. B. tenuior, ramis minus flexuosis nec intricatis 
axillis patentibus vel divaricatis. 

Has. Cape Horn and the Falkland Islands. 

Frond 4-6 inches high, + line in diameter at base, filiform 


ALGÆ ANTARCTICA, 261 


or slightly compressed, tufted, rising from a mass of creeping 

fibres. Colour dull purplish, similar to that of G. purpuras- 

cens. 'lhis may possibly be Agardh's Spherococcus subulatus 

B nigrescens, a point which cannot be determined without 

comparison with his specimens. 

25. Gracilaria? aggregata, nobis ; cæspitosa, nigrescens, è basi 
communi late scutata carnosa orta, frondibus filiformibus 
subcompressis cartilagineis vagé ramosis subdichotomis, 
axillis angustis, ramis erectis simplicibus vel furcatis om- 
nibus filiformibus obtusis, apicibus subfastigiatis, fruc- 
mr... 

Has. Falkland Islands. 

Frond 3-4 inches high, scarcely half a line in diameter, 
springing in dense tufts from a common fleshy scutate base, 
which is nearly an inch broad, irregularly branched; some- 
times the lower half is simple, the upper part of the frond 
only being branched ; sometimes it is nearly regularly dicho- 
tomous. The axils are obtuse, and all the divisions remark- 
ably erect. The colour is blackish purple; the substance 
cartilaginous ; and in drying it scarcely adheres to paper. 
The habit of this species has some resemblance to that of 
Polyides rotundus. 


ACANTHOCOCCUS, Nov. Gen. 


Frons linearis, compressa, distiche ramosa, cartilagineo- 
carnosa, rosea. Axis solidus, densus, e cellulis minutissi- 
mis formatus, tubulis magnis pluriseriatis extus sensim 
minoribus circumdatus.  Peripheria cellulosa, cellulis 
parvis reticulata. Coccidia globosa, aculeata, in apicibus 
ramulorum immersa, sporis numerosissimis repleta. 

26. Acanthococcus Antarcticus, nobis. 

Has. Cape Horn and the Falkland Islands. 

Frons 4-8 uncias alta, compressa, anguste linearis, basi semi- 
lineam vix ad lineam latitudine, sursum sensim angustata, 
distiche ramosissima. Rami patentes vel divaricati, nunc 
flabellatim multifidi, nunc pinnati et bipinnati ; secundarii 
nunc breves subsimplices, nunc longissimi, ramosissimi. 


262 ALGZ ANTARCTIC. 


Ramuli per totam frondem sparsi, apicem versus crebrio- 
res, erecti et erecto-patentes, subulati, 1-3 lineas longi, 
alterni vel sepius secundi, simplices vel parum divisi. 
Coccidia solitaria, globosa, spinis 4-6 magnis subulatis ar- 
mata, in apicibus ramulorum immersa, sporis numerosis- 
simis minutis repleta.  Tetrasporæ ignotæ. Color intense 
ruber, siccitate obscurior. Substantia firma, cartilagineo- 
carnosa. Charte adhæret. 

We cannot satisfactorily include this plant under any esta- 
blished genus. It belongs unquestionably to the Delesseriee, 
and will stand near Plocumium, from which it differs in the 
structure of the frond, as wellas in the fructification. The 
densely cellular axis, surrounded by large empty cellules or 
tubes, is quite unlike Plocamium. Outwardly there is a close 
resemblance between our plant and Heringia rostrata, J. Ag. 
(Gelidium ? rostratum, Griff. Fucus alatus, a, angustissimus, 
Turn.), but besides the difference in fructification, the struc- 
ture of that plant is uniformly dense, without a trace of 
large cellules or tubes, Again, our plant may be compared 
with Microcladia, to which it approaches in habit, and to a 
certain extent, the spinous coccidia may be considered ana- 
logous to the involucrated favelle of that genus ; but in 
Microcladia the axis, far from being the densest part of the 
frond, is tubular. ; ; 
27. Iridæa dichotoma, nobis; stipite brevi .cartilagineo 

mox cuneato furcato vel -pluries dichotomo sensim 1n 

frondem membranaceam ample cuneatam vel obovatam 
 desinente, segmentis frondis vel simplicissimis integris vel 
furcatis vel dichotomis, ad marginem denticulatis vel 
grosse dentatis vel lobatis vel frondes novas emittentibus, 
substantia tenui nitente lubrica demum fructibus immersis 
numerosissimis verrucosa, | 
Han. Falkland Islands. 
_ Notwithstanding the repeatedly branching, sometimes €x- 
cessively dichotomous frond and other characters above 
noticed, we are not sure whether there be any exact limits 
defineable between this form and I, micans, which, like most 


ALGJE ANTARCTICA. 263 


species of this difficult genus, varies extremely in all its 

characters, 

28. Iridæa micans, Bory. 

DB. ciliolata, nobis; stipite brevi cartilagineo cuneato ciliato- 
dentato mox in frondem ovato-lanceolatam simplicem 
desinente, fronde latissima basi ovata apice obtusa v. 
acuta v. emarginato-bifida membranacea vel cartilagi- 
neo-membranacea rubra plana, nitente levi margine vix 
undulata. 

Has. St. Martin's Cove, Cape Horn. 

Fronds 6-12 inches long, 3-6 broad. This is a distinct 
looking form, but we fear not entitled to rank as a species. 
The common state of J. micans was found in plenty at the 
Falkland Islands, and accompanying the present indivi- 
duals. 

29. Gigartina divaricata, nobis in Flor. Antarct. v. 1. 

Has. Campbell's Island. 

30. Chondrus tuberculosus, nobis in Flor. Antarct. v. 1. 

Has. Lord Auckland’s Group. 

31. Halymenia latissima, nobis in Flor. Antarct. v. 1. 

Has. Lord Auckland's Group and Campbell's Island. 

32. Dumontia cornuta, nobis in Flor. Antarct. v. 1. 

Has. Campbell's Island. 

33. Rhodomela? comosa, nobis; ramosissima atro-rubes- 
cens, caule cylindraceo frondem percurrente ramis alternis 
crebris onusto, ramis elongatis pluries alterne divisis 
erecto-patentibus sensim attenuatis basi subangustatis 
cylindraceis, ramulis ultimis setaceis acutis abbreviatis vagis, 
capsulis ovatis breve pedicellatis. : 

var. B. fibrillifera ; fronde tenuiori laxius ramosa, apici- 
bus fibrilliferis. 

Has. Both varieties common at the Falkland Islands. 

Stem cylindrical, 6-9 inches long, in var. a from a line to 
nearly a line in diameter at base, in var. 8 very slender, 
either undivided, or branching from the base into 3-4 
Principal stems, which are throughout their length thickly set 
With minor branches, again and again similarly divided. All 


264 ALGZ ANTARCTIC. 


parts of the frond are opaque and seemingly inarticulate; but 
a section of the stem shows an articulated axis similar to that 
of many Polysiphonia, a central tube being surrounded by 
about seven others with a thick external stratum of smaller 
cellules. The capsules (or keramidia) are abundantly pro- 
duced on our specimens. Colour dark reddish brown. Sub- 
stance flaccid and closely adhering to paper. 

34. Rhodomela patula, nobis; fronde cylindracea brunnea 
cellulis irregularibus notata vagé bipinnatim ramosa, ramis 
alternis elongatis horizontalibus vel suberecto-patentibus, 
minoribus elongatis patentibus subsimplicibus attenuatis 
nudis. 

Has. Falkland Islands. | 
Frond 4-6 inches long, 4 a line in diameter at the base. 

Stem undivided, set with alternate patent branches 4-6 inches 

long, which in our specimens bear a second series. Colour 

blackish or dark brown. Substance membranaceous. The axis 
of the frond exhibits four large tubes surrounding a central 
one, with an external stratum of small cellules. 

35. Rhodomela Gaimardi? (Ag.) fronde cylindracea flabel- 
latim ramosissima, stipite simplici filiformi, ramis primariis 
divaricatis, secundariis bipinnato-multifidis patentibus, 
laciniis alternis, ramulis brevibus setaceis simplicibus et 
furcatis vel quadrifidis sepe secundis per totam frondem 
sparsis. 

Has. Falkland Islands and Cape Horn. | 
Frond as thick as a bristle, 4-6 inches high, simple at the 

base, above divided into 3-4 flabelliform portions. Primary 

branches subdichotomous or irregular, divaricate, again and 
again bifariously branched ; secondary and tertiary branches 
long, subsimple and filiform, laxly set with short ramuli. 

Ramuli 2-3 lines long, frequently secund, very slender, colour 

dark. Structure similar to that of the last species, from wb 

the present is, possibly, not distinct. We refer to Agardh’s 
synonym with much doubt, as he pointedly describes. his 
plant “ fronde compressa,” whereas ours is clearly cylindrical. 

Nothing more nearly resembling R. Gaimardi than the pre 


ALGZ ANTARCTICA, 265 


sent, has come under our observation, and we think it possi- 

ble that Agardh may have been deceived by a badly dried 

specimen in the compression attributed to the frond. 

36. Polysiphonia anisogona, nobis; atro-rubescens, flaccida, 
madefacta fragillima, frondibus ceespitosis setaceis articulatis 
equalibus vix attenuatis irregulariter ramosissimis, ramis 
ramulisque alternis v. subdichotomis erectis v. appressis, 
axillis angustissimis, articulis variis, inferioribus diametro 
sextuplo, superioribus duplo-triplove longioribus, ultimis 
sesquilongioribus v. quadratis, omnibus striis sex notatis, 
e tubulis 12 radiantibus tenuibus endochromaticis formatis, 
keramidia. . . . .? 

Has, Cape Horn and the Falkland Islands. 

Tufts extremely dense, 4-5 inches high, intricate. Articula- 
tions unequal in length, the lower ones very long, the upper 
very short, all marked with six straight or spiral striæ, being 
composed of twelve slender coloured tubes surrounding a 
central cavity. Colour dark red. The impossibility of re- 
moving without breaking the specimens of this plant from 
the paper on which they have been dried renders our account 
of the ramification imperfect, but we have no hesitation in 
pronouncing ita distinct species. In many respects it accords 
with the British Pol. atro-rubescens, but the substance is 
very much more frail and tender. 

37. Polysiphonia microcarpa, nobis ; atro-rubescens cæspitosa, 
frondibus tenuibus membranaceis flaccidis tenacibus oligo- 
Siphoniis equalibus vix attenuatis irregulariter repetite 
dichotomis, ramis ramulisque erecto-patentibus crebre divi- 
sis, articulis bistriatis e tubulis quatuor formatis, iis ramo- 
rum majorum diametro multiplo, minorum 3-4-plo, ramu- 
lorum 14 duplove longioribus, keramidiis pusillis ovatis 
breve pedicellatis. 

Has. Hermite Island, Cape Horn. 

Filaments 3-4 inches long, capillary, flaccid, but not fragile, 
densely tufted and branched in an irregularly dichotomous 
manner from the base, of nearly equal diameter throughout, 
Keramidia very small. Colour dark red. This nearly re- 


266 ALGÆ ANTARCTIC. 


sembles P. formosa, Suhr, but differs in the form and size of 

the capsules. 

38. Polysiphonia abscissa, nobis; coccinea, frondibus tenuibus 
membranaceo-gelatinosis flaccidis tenacibus oligosiphoniis, 
caule primario parum diviso, divisuris frondem percurren- 
tibus, ramis secundariis alternis multifidis circumscriptione 
obovatis, minoribus alternis erectis subdichotome divisis, 
ramulis apice multifidis fastigiatis (quasi abscissis) fibrilli- 
feris, articulis ramorum diametro 4-6 plo, ramulorum 2-3 
plo longioribus bistriatis, keramidiis pusillis ovatis breve 
pedicellatis. 

Has. Cape Horn. 

Filaments 3-4 inches long, purplish rose-coloured or nearly 
crimson, with a principal stem and branches. The ramuli 
remarkably fastigiate, Nearly related to P. microcarpa, but 
the branching is more regular and the colour different. 

39. Polysiphonia .tenuistriata, nobis; rubescens articulata 
multistriata, frondibus gracillimis tenuissimis flaccidis elon- 
gatis, caule subsimplici flexuoso, ramis distantibus decom- 
positis circumscriptione ovatis, ramificatione irregulariter 
dichotoma, ramis ramulisque sensim attenuatis apice 
fibrillosis, axillis erecto-patentibus acutis, articulis ramo- 
rum diametro multuplo, ramulorum 2-3 plo longioribus 
sexstriatis, e tubulis duodecim tenuissimis radiantibus 
coloratis formatis, ad genicula incrassatis. 

Has. Cape Horn, in deep water. 

4-6 inches long, capillary, subsolitary (not tufted ?), grow- 
ing on the larger Alge. Allied to P. anisogona, but much 
more slender, and not fragile when moistened after having 
been dried: besides the differences in ramification. = 
40. Polysiphonia flabelliformis, nobis; pusilla setacea badia 

rigidula, fronde brevi basi simplici stipiteformi apice flabel- 
latim ramosa, ramis irregulariter dichotomis multifidis 
apice subfastigiatis, ramulis ultimis erectis longe simplici- 
bus, axillis angustis, articulis multistriatis, inferioribus 
diametro multuplo superioribus sesquilongioribus. 

Has. On Macrocystis pyrifera, off the Crozets. 


ALGZ ANTARCTICA, 267 


Frond an inch high, solitary, rigid, as thick as a hog’s bristle, 
simple at base, and rising with a stipes, distichously branched 
above in a flabellate manner ; the outline circular. Branches 
multifid, irregularly dichotomous, fastigiate, ramuli erect. 
Joints of the stem very long, 6-8 times their diameter, of 
the branches 2-3 times, and of the ramuli one and half as 
long as broad, all marked with numerous narrow strie. 
Colour dingy brown, scarcely rufescent. It imperfectly 
adheres"to paper. Of this very distinct species we have seen 
but a single specimen. 

41. Polysiphonia Davisii, nobis; punicea, caule articulato 
basi ultrasetaceo sensim attenuato frondem percurrente 
subindiviso per totam longitudinem ramis alternis de- 
compositis ornato, ramis erecto-patentibus sub-bipinna- 
tim divisis, ramulis ultimis brevissimis crebre alternis 
erectis furcatis vel rard bifurcatis axillis angustis, articulis 
omnibus brevissimis, ramorum diametro equantibus, ra- 
mulorum brevioribus, e tubulis octo (duobus lateralibus 
majoribus) tubum centralem amplum cingentibus formatis. 

Has. Cape Horn. 

This is a handsome plant, though perhaps too closely related 
to P. punicea, Mont. which was found abundantly at Ker- 
guelen's Land, the Falklands, and Cape Horn. Our present 
plant has a different aspect, from having a more regular pri- 
mary ramification, with more erect, denser and less divided 
ramuli. As far as we are able to judge by ‘an imperfect spe- 
cimen, Heterosiphonia Berkeleyi, Mont. is also a nearly allied 
form; and if the genus Heterosiphonia is to be retained, the 
present plant, with P. panicea, and probably some others, 
should be referred to it. 

42. Polysiphonia (Heterosiphonia) pectinata, nobis; seta- 
cea rigida, fronde purpurea distichè decomposito-pin- 
nata, ramis alternis articulatis tri-striatis pectinato- 
pinnatis, ramulis (vel pinnulis) simplicibus alternis bre- 
vibus subulatis monosiphoniis (!) re ete 
diametro sesquilongioribus. | 

Has. Cape Horn, very rare. mU | 
- Frond 2-3 inches long, setaceous, rigid, listic evi branch- 


268 ALGH ANTARCTIC. 


ed, decompound in a repeatedly pinnate manner, with much 

of the habit of Bonnemaisonia asparagoides. Stem subsimple, 

jointed, tristriate, compressed or angular, beset through- 

out with alternate patent branches; which are in like man- 

ner furnished with a second series. All the branches are 

regularly pectinated, with alternate patent subulate single- 

tubed (!) short ramuli. The joints throughout the whole 

frond are short. Those of the stem are formed,of four 

unequal tubes, the two lateral ones largest, surrounding a 

central cavity, exactly as in Heterosiphonia, Mont.; those of 

the ramuli have the structure of the joints of Callithamnion. 

The colour is a beautiful purplish rose-red. 

43. Polysiphonia botryocarpa, nobis in Flor. Antarct. v. 1. p. 
181 to 70. 

Has. Lord Auckland's group. 

44. Polysiphonia Lyallii, nobis in Flor. Antarct. v. 1, p. 182 
to 74, f. 1. 

Has. Lord Auckland’s group. 

45. Polysiphonia dumosa, nobis in Flor. Antarct. v. 1, p. 182 
10 75, £. 1; 

Has. Campbell’s Island. 

46. Polysiphonia rudis, nobis in Flor. Antarct. v. 1, p. 183 to 
14, F. 9. 

Has. Lord Auckland's group. 

47. Polysiphonia ceratoclada, Mont. 

Var. 8. secundata, nobis in Flor. Antarct. v. 1, p. 183. 

Has. Lord Auckland's group. 


*Bostrycuia, Mont. 
(Stictosiphonia, Harv. MSS.) 


Frons purpurea, filiformis, cylindrica, ramosa, tubulosa, extus 
stictis quadratis notata, intus diaphragmatibus septata. 
Peripheria e cellulis coloratis quadratis tubum centralem 


* M. Montagne, in proposing this genus, assigns to it the following 
character : : 
“ Frons violacea, continua, filiformis, cylindracea, distichè vinnatim 
vel vag? ramosa intus filis elongatis coloratis farcta, ramellis u! 
articulis secunde versis convolutis. Fructus: 19, stichidia silique- 


ALGÆ ANTARCTIC. 269 


cavum radiatim cingentibus formata.  Keramidia...... 

Stichidia lanceolata ramulos terminantia, tetrasporas plu- 

riseriatas includentia.—Alge  pusille cæspitosæ e filis 

repentibus orte, rupes marinas Antillanas, Antarcticas et 

Austro-Atlanticas, vix demersas, vel ad limitem pleni maris 

cestus sitas, incolentes. 

A very natural little group, which occupies in the Southern 
Ocean the same position with respect ‘to high-water mark 
that Lichina and Catenella do in the Northern. 

48. Bostrychia Hookeri, Harv.; caulibus indivisis apice 
involufis, ramis lateralibus abbreviatis alternis subquadri- 
fariis erecto-patentibus, inferioribus subulatis simplicibus 
furcatisve, superioribus alterné multifidis, ramulis subu- 
latis acutis erectis, axillis angustis acutis, stictis sub- 
triseriatis, stichidiis lanceolatis acutis ramulos minores 
terminantibus. 

Has. Cape Horn and the Falkland Islands. 

Fronds 1-1i inches high, densely tufted, blackish-purple, 
rigid. Stem generally undivided, furnished with lateral 
short branches throughout its length. Branches sometimes 
all about a line long, and but slightly divided; some- 
times the lowest are ofthis length and character, the upper 
2-4 lines long, and repeatedly branched. All the ramuli 
are subulate and erect, or erecto-patent. The tips of the 
stem and main branches are generally strongly involute. 
Under the microscope the branches and ramuli appear beau- 
tifully marked with three rows of dark purple dot-like cells. 

49. Bostrychia fastigiata, nobis; caulibus multifidis fastigiatis 
apicibus involutis, ramis equilongis curvatis, ramulis. 

formia seriem duplicem sphærosporarum includentia ; 29. concep- 
tacula pedicellata sporis clavatis erectis referta."— Hist. Nat. 
de Cuba, 

We are unable to find the “ fila elongata colorata," filling the axis. 
On the contrary, in the species now described, as well as in B. radicans, 
Mont, the axis is a tube, interrupted at intervals by membranous 
diaphragms. The structure is indeed very similar to that of Polysiphonia, 
from which this genus differs in having the cellules of the periphery very 
short, while those constituting the axis are lengthened. 


270 ALGH ANTARCTICA. 


alternis subulatis furcatis vel alterne multifidis, axillis 

acutis, stictis 3-4-vel pluriseriatis. 

Has. Cape Horn. 

Fronds + an inch high, fastigiate, divided from the base 
into many main branches, red-purple. Stem scarcely any; 
branches long, curved, set with simple or multifid ramuli, 
much incurved at the tips. Perhaps’ this is only a variety of 
the last mentioned species, differing chiefly in having an 
abbreviated stem, with longer and consequently more divided 
branches, and a duller colour. 

50. Bostrichia vaga, nobis; caulibus flexuosis vage subdicho- 
tomo-ramosis, ramis paucis simplicibus arcuatis longissi- 
mis nudis, apicibus incurvis, ramulis nullis, axillis po- 
tentibüs, stictis minutis multi-seriatis, stichidiis longis- 
sime pedunculatis lanceolatis acutis. 

Has. Kerguelen's Land. 


Fronds + an inch to an inch in height, densely tufted, very 


flexuose, irregularly branched. Colour blackish-purple. 

Sticte small, disposed in several, 6-8, rows. Very distinct 

in its ramifications. 

51. Bostrychia mizta;* nobis ; caulibus pinnatis, pinnis paten- 
tibus simplicibus vel furcatis, vel alterne ramosis, ramulis 
subulatis patente divaricatis," apicibus strictis vel vix invo- 
lutis, axillis latis. 

Has. New Zealand, on rocks near High-water mark; mixed 
with Gelidium corneum, var. crinale, Caloglossa Hookert, 
and Polysiphonia confinis (n. sp. ined.). 

Tufts widely spreading, intricate. Fronds 3 inch high, 
simple, pinnate; °the pinne’ spreading, simple, or more or 
less branched, sometimes*bipinnate, distant, alternate, acute 5 
the apices straight or the young ones involute. Colour 
blackish-purple. Substance rigid. Sticte in three rows. 


* We introduce this species here, though geographically out of places 
for the sake of contrasting its’ characters with the allied species. Spect- 


mens found at the Cape of Good Hope by myself, and distributed under 
the MS. name of Stictosiphonia Capensis, very nearly accord with the New 


Zealand plant.—J. D. H. ; 


1 
3 
: 
À 
: 


à 
3 


ALGÆ ANTARCTICA, 271 


Allied to S. Hookeri, but smaller, and with more patent rami- 

fication. 

52. Ptilota Harveyi, Hook. fil. ; caule compresso cartilagineo 
anguste lineari inarticulato furcato vel inordinate ramoso, 
ramis distichis pinnatim decomposito-ramosis, majoribus 
et minoribus costa articulata percursis pectinato-pinnulatis, 
pinnulis creberrimis abbreviatis simplicibus articulatis mo- 
nosiphoniis subulatis oppositis, articulis pinnularum qua- 
dratis, favellis ad apices ramulorum sitis, ramulis pinnatis 
involucratis spherosporis ad apices pinnularum aggregatis 
nudis bréve pedicellatis. 

var. f. pectinata ; pinnulis subdistantibus. 

Has. Cape Horn and the Falkland Islands, abundant.— 
var. (3. Cape Horn. 

Frond 8-12 inches long and nearly as broad in the spread- 
ing of the branches. Stem filiform, 4 a line in diameter, 
nearly of equal breadth throughout, irregularly forked, dicho- 
tomous, or very much branched in a manner between dicho- 
tomous and pinnate; the lesser branches more regularly 
pinnate or bipinnate; every part of the frond, but especially 
the younger portions, beautifully pectinated with opposite 
jointed ramuli, of a line in length. "These ramuli are simple, 
and single-tubed, like those of a Callithamnion. The var. 6 
only differs from the common form in having the ramuli more 
distant. The species to which this is most nearly allied is 
undoubtedly P. plumosa of the Northern Hemisphere, whose 
variety 8 (which Kutzing has erected into a species, P. ele- 
gans, Kg.) bears articulated ramuli. Our plantis, however, 
much larger than this variety, more rigid, and the ramuli are 
of much greater diameter. Compared together under the 
microscope, they are seen to be abundantly different. 

53. Callithamnion simile, nobis; fronde subsolitaria rigidius- 
cula ramosissima, ramis alternis v. subdichotomis articulatis 
aveniis, ramulis brevissimis oppositis distichis horizontali« 
bus crassis sursum pectinatis è quoque ramorum articulo 
porrectis, pinnulis robustis simplicibus v. ramosis, arti- 


272 ALG& ANTARCTICA. 


culis ramorum diametro sesqui-subduplo longioribus, ra- 

mulorum diametrum subequantibus. 

Has. Christmas Harbour, Kerguelen's Land, rare. 

Fronds 2-5 inches long, slender, rather rigid, much and 
distichously branched ; all the branches jointed, and of equal 
breadth throughout. Ramuli 4 line long, issuing in opposite 
pairs from the middle of every joint throughout the length 
of the frond, pectinated on their upper face with secondary 
ramuli, thick, subacute, and very patent. Colour brownish 
red. This so closely resembles C. Plumula, that it is diffi- 
cult by mere words to discriminate them; yet on comparing 
them together on the table of the microscope, they are ob- 
viously not the same. Our C. simile is a much coarser, 
more rigid plant; its ramuli are more robust in proportion to 
the diameter of the joint, and the joints are shorter. We are 
the more disposed to keep it specifically distinct from C. Plu- 
mula, with which we were at first inclined to unite it, because . 
specimens clearly referable to that species were found at 
Cape Horn; so that the differences above noticed do not 
appear to originate in difference of local circumstances. 

54. Callithamnion Ptilota, nobis ; fronde (parvula) rigida se- 
. tacea pinnatim ramosissima, ramis vix distichis venoso-stri- 
atis subopacis, secundariis opposite pinnulatis, pinnulis 
simplicibus patentibus subulatis e quoque ramorum gent- 
culo ortis, articulis diametro duplo longioribus. 
Has. Off the Crozets, on Macrocystis pyrifera. 

Frond 1-2 inches high, solitary, as thick as a hog's bristle, 
much branched in a pinnate manner, but not strictly dis- 
tichous. Secondary branches closely pinnate. Pinnule 
opposite, subulate, simple, issuing from every joint. Colour 
brownish-red. Substance rigid and scarcely adhering t9 
paper. Only a single specimen of this very distinct species 
was met with. 

55. Callithamnion ¢ernifolium, nobis ; pusillum vage dichoto- 
mum, ramis pellucide articulatis, ramulis sæpissime ternis 

e quoque ramorum geniculo enatis brevibus tenuibus sim- 


ALGÆ ANTARCTICA. 273 


plicibus subulatis _erecto-patentibus, articulis ramorum 

diametro 4-5-plo, ramulorum subduplo longioribus ; favellis 

magnis bilobis ad apices ramorum sitis. 

Has. Cape Horn, in deep water. 

Parasitie, half an inch long, vaguely branched, rose red, 
flaccid and membranous. . Ramuli-issuing from every joint, 
usually three, rarely two or four, slender, short and simple- 
joints of the stems very long. Favelle large. : 

56. Callithamnion flaccidum, nobis; fronde gracillima mem- 
branacea flaccida rosea decomposite ramosa, ramis pri- 
maris secundariisque oppositis! vel alternis! -elongatis 
patentibus distichis, ramulis: ultimis brevibus simplicibus 
oppositis vel secundis patentibus apice incurvis; articulis 
ramorum primariorum diametro multoties, secundariorum 
6-10-plo, ramulorum ae e polis roseis 
aveniis. s 

var, f. alternifolium ; ramis- hid sinc n vel se- 
cundis, rarissime hic illic oppositis. 

Has. Cape Horn, in deep water; both varieties. 

Frond 2.3 inches long, very slender, membranous and flac- 
cid, of a beautiful rose colour, much branched, the branches 
lateral and distichous. In var. a, branches and ramuli are 
almost invariably opposite; while in £. they are as regularly 
alternate or secund, the inner ramuli of the branches being 
abortive, those along the outer edge only developed. In 
Other respects the two varieties are identical. This species 
is allied to C. Turneri, but is a much: rte end more 
branching plant. | 
57. Callithamnion scoparium, sabia’ ; caule basi crasso inar- 

ticulato filis intertextis flexuosis stuposis vestito flabella- 

fim ramoso, ramis primariis cauli similibus, secundariis 
articulatis pellucidis tenuibus strictis pinnatis et bipinnatis 
creberrimis quadrifariis, e primariorum apicibus fasciculatim 
fuge: apice oe articulis diametro 2-3 plo logis 
us. 
var. f. ramulosum; pinnis apice ramulis secundis. or- 
natis. Lo d 
VOL. IV, ! x 


274 ALGÆ ANTARCTICA. 


Has. Falkland Islands; 8. Cape Horn. 

Fronds 2-3 inches high, bushy. Stems thick, inarticulate, 
densely clothed with flexuous woolly fibres, only slightly 
divided. Branches resembling the stem, throughout their 
length densely shaggy, with slender crowded quadrifarious 
straight branchlets. "These secondary branches are articulate, 
irregularly divided, either pinnate, or having secund or sub- 
dichotomous divisions; but in all cases they are straight, 
and erect, the ramuli mostly appressed. The tips are either 
acute or obtuse, and simple or furnished with short pectinate 
secund ramuli. Colour dark purple. Substance rigid. To 
the naked eye this resembles C. tetricum and C. crinitum, but 
the microscope shows it to be abundantly different. It has 
much the habit of Sphacelaria scoparia, as alluded to in the 
trivial name. 

58. Callithamnion Gaudichaudii, Ag.? fronde fruticosa ramo- 
sissima, caulibus primariis crassis inarticulatis opacis stri- 
atis quadrifariis decompositis sensim attenuatis, ramis 
inarticulatis striatis ramulis plumosis quadrifariis densis- 
sime obsitis, ramulis (vel plumulis) brevibus roseo-pellu- 
cidis articulatis pinnatis et bipinnatis, pinnulis patentibus 
inferioribus simplicibus elongatis subulatis superioribus 
furcatis vel iterum pinnulatis, articulis diametro subduplo 
longioribus. 

var. 8. caulibus longioribus laxius ramosis basi nudis, 
ramulis gelatinosis minus crebris. Cal. Gaudichaudit 
Ag. Sp. Alg. vol. ii, p. 173? 

Has. Cape Horn and the Falkland Islands; 9. Falklands. 
Root scutate. Fronds 2-3 inches (in var. B. 4-5) high, 

shrubby, and much branched. Stem thicker than a hog's 

bristle, divided from the base into numerous branches, 
which spread every way. These are densely clothed with 
secondary branches, which again are covered in every part 
and all round with minute pinnated ramuli or plumules, from 

2 line to aline in length. Favelle large, 2-3-lobed, lobes 

many-seeded. Colour blackish purple, rosy purple under 

the glass. Substance of the branches cartilaginous, of the 


ALGÆ ANTARCTIC, 275 


ramuli tender and adhering to paper. This species comes 
very near C. Arbuscula and C. Brodiei, between which it 
almost seems intermediate. It has the large size and robust 
habit of the former, but much longer and more compound 
plumules ; and it is much stouter than C. Brodiæi, with more 
opaque stems. Var. jj. is perhaps only an advanced state of 
the plant, being gathered in the same locality and three months 
later in the season. It chiefly differs in being of a more ten- 
der gelatinous substance, and in having the branches less 
densely clothed with ramuli, and most of them naked at the 
base. Its outward character is something that of C. tetra- 
gonum. We cannot be sure whether this be Agardh’s 

C. Gaudichaudii, having seen no specimens of his plant, and 

his description being too brief to enable us perfectly to deter- 

mine the matter; but no other plant among our Falkland 

Island collection so nearly coincides with his words. He had 

probably only a single specimen to describe from, and we 

havea large suite of all sizes and ages. 

59. Callithamnion gracile, nobis, in Fl. Antarct. v. 1, p. 191. 

Has. Campbell’s Island. 

60. Callithamnion hirtum, nobis, in Fl. Antarct. v. 1, p. 192. 

Has. Lord Auckland's group. 

61. Callithamnion micropterum, nobis, in Fi, Antarct. v. 1, 
p. 192. 

Har. Lord Auckland's group. 

62. Ectocarpus geminatus, nobis; cespite basi intricato 
olivaceo v. virescente, filis (majusculis) tenuibus ramosis- 
simis apice liberis plumosis, ramis ramulisque patentibus 
Oppositis v. quaternis, ultimis brevibus, utriculis conicis 
sessilibus oppositis basi sæpius ramulo brevi bracteæformi 
fulcratis. 

Has. Cape Horn and the Falkland Islands. 

A beautiful species, 4-5 inches long, having the habit of 
E. granulosus, but amply distinguished by the constantly 
Opposite, sessile, conical eapsules or utriculi, which are very 
Senerally subtended by a minute ramulus half their own 
length. The main branches are frequently in fours; the 

x 2 


276 ON JUNGERMANNLE. 


ultimate ramuli, which are very short, are constantly oppo- 
site, and issue at an angle of 75o or 80°. Besides the present 
species, the European E. tomentosus and E. siliculosus are 
found at Cape Horn. 


(To be continued.) 


On Six Species of JuNGERMANNLE, new to Britain, by 
Tuomas Taytor, M.D. 


Of the numerous discoveries of the late Mr. Thomas 
Drummond, the addition of the following six species of 
Jungermanniæ to’ the British list is a singular proof of the 
acuteness and sagacity with which he investigated nature. 
The species were all observed in the Highlands of Scotland; 
and when we consider that such are the classical localities to 
which continental as well: as British botanists have directed 
their attention, from the times of Dickson and of Don to the 
present hour, we must be surprised to find that no other 
individual has noticed the species alluded to, found more than 
ten years by Mr. Drummond. They occur among other 
cryptogamic discoveries of the same individual in the exten- 
sive and most valuable collection of Sir William Hooker. 

1. J. (Scapania) uliginosa, Nees. Synops. Hepat. p. 67- 
Highlands of Scotland. : 
Whatever difficulty there may be in clearly distinguishing 

Scapania nemorosa, Nees. from Scapania undulata, Ness: 

which it must be confessed, the characters given in the 

Synopsis Hepaticarum have scarcely removed, the present 15 

sufficiently distinct from either, by the constantly sp 

leaves and by the far less ratio of their smaller to their greater 
lobes, as well as by its more aquatic habitat. 

2. J. (Scapania) subalpina, Nees.; f. undulifolia. Synop*. 
Hep. p. 64. 

Highlands of Scotland. ~ : 

Having been so fortunate as to witness the fructification, 
we may add to the specific character given in the Synops!* : 
“ Calyce perichetio multo longiore, ex angusta basi obovato: 


ON JUNGERMANNIÆ, 277 


compresso, truncato, denticulato." It may be not amiss to 
note that Scapania curta, Nees. and Scapania inigua, Nees. 
have both been lately found near Dunkerran, in the county 
of Kerry; the former abundantly both on mountains and in 
woods, the latter more scarce, on wet inel banks in the 
mountains. 

3. J. Schraderi, Mart. Flor. Erlang. Crypt. p. 180, t. 6, f. 55. 
Jung. autumnalis, Decand. Flor. Franc, t. 5, p. 202. 
Highlands of Scotland. 

By the present tardy discovery, Mr. Drummond has re- 
moved a reproach from British Cryptogamists, who had 
hitherto in vain sought this species, long known to have 
existed in Europe from Portugal to the North of pr 
and in America from Canada to New York. 

4. J. Zeyheri, Hüben, Hep. Germ. p. 89, n. 25; Sein, He- 
pat. p. 96. 

Highlands of Scotland. 

It must be confessed that this species approaches very 
closely to Jung. cordifolia, Hook. ; still, the more patent and 
shorter leaves give it a squarrose appearance, not at all ob- 
servable in the latter. 

5. J. gelida, Tayl.; caule repente adscendente subsimplici 
flexuoso (apice innovante) folis approximatis erecto- 
patentibus seeundis subrotundis bifidis, segmentis inæ- 
qualibus acutiusculis incurvis integerrimis. 

Among Gymnomitrion concinnatum, Nees, Highlands of 
Scotland. ; 

Creeping up here and there through the Gymnomitrion, 
overtopping it and then reclining ; reddish-brown above, but 
the colour of the older, inferior, and more shaded parts quite 
discharged. Stems very slender, sometimes one inch long, 
consisting of the growth of former seasons topped by that of 
the present year. Attached by rootlets for its entire length 
except near the top. Leaves convex, largely cellular, the 
Sinus between the : miens sometimes acute, more com- 
monly obtuse. 

It is allied to Jung. punicea, Nees. from Java, whose colour 


278 ON JUNGERMANNLE. 


it emulates at the tops of the shoots. It is, however, a 
larger plant, less branched, has the division of the leaves 
deeper, and their cells far larger. 

6. J. Kunzeana, Hüben, Hep. Germ. p. 115, n. 38; Synops. 

Hepat. p. 122. 

The editors of the Synopsis appear not to have met with the 
fructification; we would therefore propose the following amend- 
ed specific character; caule adscendente cæspitoso radicu- 
loso subsimplici, foliis erecto-patentibus imbricatis secundis 
quadrato-rotundatis integerrimis obtuse complicatis sinu an- 
gusto bifidis, laciniis ovatis obtusis incurvis, stipulis bipar- 
titis, laciniis lineari-lanceolatis integerrimis, calyce terminali 
oblongo-ovato subcompresso subtruncato denticulato." 

Patches dense, olive-brown. Stems about one inch long, - 
sparingly branched; the entire inferior side has thickly se 
rootlets. Leaves crossing the stem, concave, all pointing 
upwards; some near the top trifid. Lateral perichætial 
leaves quadrifid, the stipular bifid, all with a few spinous 
teeth at the base, and sometimes one or two above the base. 
Calyx convex above, deeply channelled below. Peduncle 
four times as long as the calyx. Capsule oblongo-ovate. 


Pes ies Cu 


Scientific Excursions in New Holland, by Dr. LUDWIG 
LeickHARDT, 1842-44; extracted from his letters to M. 
G. Durand, of Paris. 


Communicated by P. B. Webb, Esq. 


(The energetic individual from whose letters to M- - 
rand the following extracts are made, is now embarked, we - 
informed, on one of the most difficult journies overland 1 
has ever been undertaken, from Sidney to Port Essington — 
through the interior of New Holland. We heartily wish the — 
attempt may be crowned with success, and we shall be proud - 
that the pages of our Journal should be the means of Cor% — 


municating such welcome intelligence to the British 
lic. —Ep.) 


SCIBNTIFIC EXCURSIONS IN NEW HOLLAND. 279 


Port Jackson, in which is situated the town of Sidney, is 
exceedingly varied by a great number of small bays and 
diminutive islands, clothed with luxuriant vegetation, and 
conveying the idea of a rich and fertile soil. The rocks, 
Which may be seen in various directions, are composed of 
quartzose limestone, of coarser or finer grain, and more or 
less tinged with oxyde of iron. 

Proceeding towards Botany Bay, the traveller soon finds 
himself surrounded with sand-hills of trifling elevation, on 
Which grow shrubs and low trees, chiefly consisting of Euca- 
lyptus, and other indigenous Myrtacee, Acacias, the Proteaceae, 
Petrophila, Isopogon, Lambertia, Grevillea, Banksia, Hakea, 
and Persoonia. The Grass tree (Xanthorrhea) gives a pecu- 
liar character to many spots, and Zamia australis is no less 
striking. Lampocarya and Gahnia command attention by 
their lofty spikes or brown panicles; they prevail in the 
marshes which fill up the depressions between the hills. 
The Epacridee, Styphelia, Lysinema, and Sprengelia, are con- 
Spicuous for the brilliancy and profusion of their blossoms; 
and many Rutacee are equally showy ; for instance, the beau- 
tiful Correa speciosa, Crowea, and the species of Boronia. 
I also noticed some handsome Orchidee, particularly Cory- 
“anthes fimbriata ; but there are not many of them in flower 

time, 

The north shore is the richest, the soil being better, and it 
Producing a great number of Acacias. Casuarinais abundant, 
and of several kinds ; and the Gum Trees (Eucalyptus) attain 
* greater development: their peculiarly growing foliage and 
smooth white bark give these trees a very marked aspect. 

the virgin soil there is no turf whatever, though the 
Graminee are abundant and varied. 
The essential character of this Flora resides, in the great 
ty, in a small extent of country, of its genera and 
species, which are nearly all woody, and adorned with large, 
bright, and numerous, and strikingly, shaped flowers. At the 
of my arrival, not a drop of rain had fallen for eighteen 
Months; thousands of sheep and oxen had consequently 


280 SCIENTIFIC EXCURSIONS IN NEW HOLLAND. 


perished, and great distress prevailed in the colony; but 
during the four months of my sojourn at Sydney, showers 
fell frequently, and with almost tropical. violence. 

The climate is charming, the air exceedingly pure, and cool 
in the winter season, when those individuals who have resided 
in it long are apt to complain of feeling rather too cold. In 
the afternoon, the sea-breeze always blows; and I never 
beheld such glorious sunrises and sunsets ; nor a more lovely 
moon, even in the Bay of Naples, or shining on the Cam- 
panile at Pisa. The stars may glow equally brightly in 
France; but the firmament in this hemisphere is richer in 
those of the first magnitude. In the constellations of the 
Southern Cross, the Centaur, the Argonaut, the Dog-star, 
the Scorpion, the Virgin, Boótes, &c., the individual stars 
are peculiarly large and bright. At this present time, Jupiter 
and Venus nightly adorn the sky. : 


Bunga-Bunha District, Archer's Station, 

rani . . Jan. 6,1844. . i 
I quitted Sydney, after. having devoted six months to 
studying the Botany of its environs, with the assistance of 
R. Brown's * Prodromus," and the 7th Volume of De Can- 
dolle’s great work, . There were. several tribes of plants, 
however, which I could not investigate; the Euphorbiactæ; 
for instance, because I had not the necessary books: among 
the other kinds, I made greater progress ; and soon found 
myself competent to undertake some. public herborizations, 

the first ever known in this colony, and to give a course 
lectures on Botany, when I endeavoured to explain ibo 
structure of the different families of plants, and especially to 
direct the attention of the inhabitants, during their walks, t? 
the more common and. prevalent species, particularly Myr- 
tacee, Rutacee, Proteacee, Epacridee, and Cycadee. E 
At the close of August, 1842, I left the. capital of New | 
South Wales, and proceeded to the Hunter river, in order to 
investigate its geology, and especially the position of its 3 
coal formation. The mouth of the river is by no means 50 — 


SCIENTIFIC EXCURSIONS IN NEW HOLLAND. 281 


productive of plants as the environs of Sydney; still there 
are some strikingly beautiful on the mountains of Newcastle, 
and the marshes close to that town. Doryanthes excelsa 
grows near Macquarrie Lake, often attaining a height of 12- 
18 feet; it also inhabits the mountain called the Sugar-loaf, 
between Newcastle and Maitland, and springs up, together 
"With the Grass tree (Xanthorrhea), among the huge blocks 
of pudding-stone. A noble, scarlet-flowered Blandfordia, 
is found in the marshes (but these are now generally dry), 
along with a profusion of Melaleuca (Tea trees), Calothamnus, 
With fine red blossoms, several Leptosperma, Fabricia, and 
Baccharis, 

After a month's stay at Newcastle I ascended the river, 
and visited several interesting geological localities : Harper's 
Hill, where there are many fossil shells ; and Blackcreek, of 

“which I investigated the calcareous formation. I then fixed 
myself for some time at Glendon, a very large farm, the 
Property of Messrs. Scott, who spared no pains to render my . 
researches both easy and agreeable. I noticed a great 

€rence in the Flora here, and even at Harper's river ; the 
ts of the maritime zone having disappeared, and been 

Teplaced by those of the interior. A great variety of small 

eous Leguminose, and the little Mimosa terminalis, 

Ways spring up abundantly after rain; but this blessing is 
30 scarce, that the proprietors are compelled to forego agri- 
culture. Puddingstone is still the prevailing kind of rock, 
mingled with sand stone, of a coarser or finer grain, which 

“eR again passes into puddingstone. Coal exists in many 
‘pots, between Newcastle and Liverpool Range, and may be 
traced along the river banks and by the edges of the little 

S which feed the rivers: as Glendon brook, West 
brook, and many others; and particularly on the burning 
Mountain, Mount Wingen, which is nothing else than a 
Mass of ignited coal, lying below the sand stone; the coal 
‘self is full of the impressions of fossil Ferns. The com- 
Monest sort is one with a lanceolate frond, from an inch to. 
two feet long; butthere are many others, more or less allied 

VOL, Iy. Y 


282 SCIENTIFIC EXCURSIONS IN NEW HOLLAND. 


to the genera of fossil Ferns already described. In the sand- 
stone may be seen Ferns, Equisetaceæ, Calamites, and trunks 
of trees; this formation bears the action of the atmosphere 
better than the argillaceous schist, which quickly falls 
to powder. North east of Glendon runs a range of hills 
and mountains of a totally different structure, they consist of 
porphyritie field spar, of which I do not remember to have 
ever seen specimens in the Museum. I think these hills are 
raised by the puddingstone, sand-stone and a conglomerate, 
which is rendered very hard by the igneous rock. 
Northward, about thirty-six English miles from Glendon, 
we come again upon puddingstone, and mountains of 
basaltic formation, where I frequently saw imperfect zoolites. 
I explored Mount Royal, a spur of these mountains, attaining 
a height of three thousand feet, and itself one of the loftiest 
in this part of the colony. The centre and highest portion 
is basaltic, and the shoulders of sand-stone. The eastern 
declivity is covered with a most peculiar vegetation, called in 
the colony, Mountain Brush; and, in my opinion, much 
allied to the virgin forests of South America. The beautiful 
description by Mr. Waterton, in his Wanderings in South 
America, is applicable, word for word, to the Mountain Brush 
on Mount Royal, and equally so to the brushes on Bunya- - 
Bunya. This author seems as if he might have had Mount 
Royal in his eye when he speaks of the variety of trees 
aggregated in a narrow area, rising to a great height before 
they ramify ; and intertwined by equally diversified climbers, 
which latter ascend to the summit of the trees, and there 
display their foliage and flowers. So again, herbaceous 
plants are never seen in the interior of the brush, they are 
confined to its skirts, or spring up in open spaces; em 
light can penetrate, and the air have free circulation. The 
Ferns are remarkably numerous and diversified, and it was 1? 
the small ravines at the foot of this mountain, where the 
vegetable soil is mixed with decomposed basalt, that J 
gathered specimens of Alsophila from individuals fifteen feet 
high and nearly a foot thick. The Brushes yielded me aP 


SCIENTIFIC EXCURSIONS IN NEW HOLLAND. 283 


excellent harvest of rare plants ; but for want of books I have 
not yet correctly determined them. 

Liverpool Plains, one hundred and fifty miles from 
Glendon, were my next destination, and I soon after climbed 
the summit of the Liverpool Range, and had the pleasure of 
seeing the basin of the Hunter and Goulburn Rivers below 
me to the east; and immense plains, stretching far west- 
ward. The Liverpool range forms an immense basaltic 
ring round the basin of the Hunter, which latter is filled 
with sand-stone, pudding-stone, and conglomerate, incumbent 
on a bed of coal. Towards the coast, may be seen several 
basaltic dykes ; their course is from south-east to north- 
west; and it is easy to trace their connection with the 
Liverpool Range, and to find the centre for the antediluvian 
igneous actions in the Pacific Ocean. Near the Paterson 
rise mountains, containing some calcareous formation, among 
which I was assured that Trilobites and Orthoceratites have 
been found. I was not so fortunate as to see any, though 
I discovered several impressions of shells in calcareous sand- 
stone near the foot of Mount Royal. I have not yet ex- 
plored the basin of the Goulburn River, which is bounded on 
the west by granitic mountains ; but I hope to do so on my 
return from Moreton Bay. 

The Liverpool plains afford much novelty and interest to 
the Botanist. When I first traversed this singular district, 
an immense number of Composite were in flower ; and I made 
a small collection, limited by the want of plant papers, all 
I bad being some newspapers which the Messrs. Scott kindly 
gave me. It seems likely that these plains were originally 
the bed of a lake, or a chain of smalllakes, in which rose 
many islands, generally formed of sand-stone and clothed 
with a forest composed of various species of Eucalyptus. 
The Callitris is common and much employed for building 
bush huts. I passed the Mokka, the Peel, and two other 
rivers on my way, to settle awhile at the source of the 
Gwydir. Allthese so-called rivers are now but ponds in 
their nearly dried beds, and may be crossed almost dry shod. 

x 2 


984 SCIENTIFIC EXCURSIONS IN NEW HOLLAND. 


The channels are, however, very broad and full of rolled 
pebbles; indeed, two separate channels may be often seen; 
the inner one, where there is yet some water, and which is 
fringed by a thick serub on each side of Casuarina (Swamp 
oak); and the other filled with sand and rolled stones, and 
here and there a stout Gum tree, which has succeeded in 
braving the force of a stormy deluge, or of many weeks 
incessant rain. 

Between the Peel and the Wamoy rivers, the forest vegeta- 
tion changes; and instead of travelling under Spotted Gums, 
Box, and narrow leaved Iron Bark, there is only seen a dense 
growth of Silver-leaved Bark, with its grey green foliage. 

A range of trachytic mountains separates the Wamoy and 
Gwydir, near the sources of the Rocky Creeks, which is a 
stream tributary to the Gwydir. I examined these moun- 
tains as closely as my limited and rude instruments and 
means of investigation would permit. 

Westward of these mountains may be seen the Big River, 
pursuing its course to join the Wamoy, which, lower down, 
is called the Bavan and still nearer to its mouth, the Darling. 
This and several other streams take their rise in the high 
table land of New England; and they all unite near the 
Darling, passing alike amid mountains of granite, basalt, 
and quartz, and being full of water in their upper part; but 
invariably dwindling, after they leave the mountainous 
region, till, on approaching the western plains, their dry 
beds contain little else than sand, except in-the season 
the heavy periodical rains. 

It is most interesting to see how the showers, which fall 
on the table-land of New England, not twenty English miles 
of the eastern coast, take a course of one thousand miles, 0 
water the country and to issue finally into the southern 
ocean. The land, lying between the Severn and Condamine 
rivers, is a plain, called by the colonists, Bricklow Scrub, 
the Bricklow being an Acacia, with long and stiff greyish 
phyllodia, which often grows associated with Forest Oak, à 
Casuarina and many sorts of brushwood, Iron Bark, and 9 


ere RUNE S 


SCIENTIFIC EXCURSIONS IN NEW HOLLAND. 285 


species of Banksia, the only one which is seen at a distance 
from the sea. The soil is very sandy, except on a few spots 
near the streams, where it is mingled with clay and vegetable 
earth; and here the Apple tree of Australia (Angophora 
lanceolata), thrives well. In the same way, as the Bricklow 
characterizes this part of the country, so does the Myail 
(Acacia pendula) seem confined to the plains of the Liver- 
pool, Gwydir, and Big Rivers. It has pAyilodia and pendant 
branches, which droop like those of a Weeping Willow, and 
its wood exhales a delicious perfume, resembling violets. 
The black people make their boomerangs of it; this warlike 
instrument seems to be in the hand of every native 
throughout the vast continent of Australia. 

The Condamine is the first river that does not belong to 
the same genus, so to speak, as the Bavan or Darling ; for it 
quickly takes a northward direction and probably pours its 
waters into the Gulf of Carpentaria, describing a curve 
similar to the Bavan. "The Darling Downs begin after you 
pass the Condamine ; they consist of undulated and open 
country; and their black, rich, and basaltic soil, is covered 
with different Graminee, one of which, the Satin Grass 
(Anthistiria), forms the principal food of the numerous 
flocks of sheep which rapidly increase in such a favourable . 
locality. A new kind of Gum tree, called the Moreton Bay Ash, 
is frequent on the hills ; it is distinguished by the lower part 
of its trunk being covered by a very broad scaly and black 
bark, while the upper portion is white, or greyish, and quite 
smooth. Here and there, on the plains, grows a Xanthorrhea 
of a totally different character from X. hastilis, affecting a 
rich soil, while X. Aastilis is only found on the poorest sand, 
and attaining 10-15 feet high and a foot in thickness. 

In one of the streams, (Hudson's Creek) is a bed of coal— 
à remarkable circumstance, in an entirely basaltic soil. The 
alluvium of the valleys, and the river banks, especially those 
of the Condamine, contain fossil bones; but my endeavours 
to procure any proved fruitless. It is not, however, to be 
doubted, that the petrified bones, though not the teeth, of 
elephants, have been found here; but it would seem to me 


* 


286 SCIENTIFIC EXCURSIONS IN NEW HOLLAND, 


too hasty a conclusion thence to argue that this animal has 
ever inhabited New Holland in a living state. Rather, I 
should suppose, that the basaltic system has materially aided 
in heaving this continent above the waters; and it appears 
likely that the bones may have been deposited there while 
the continent was still in a submerged state, wafted thither 
from India or the large islands between that Peninsula and 
New Holland. 

The Darling Downs are 1450 feet above the level of the 
- sea; and the nights feel very chilly even during September 
and October. 'The slope down towards Moreton Bay is 
very rapid and similar to that of New England to Macquarrie 
Harbour. Immediately on entering the basin of the Bris- 
bane River, vegetation assumes a more vigorous aspect, and 
the trees grow higher and at wider intervals. The sides of 
the mountains, the banks of the streams and rivers, are clad 
with almost impervious brushwood. 

From Moreton Bay, in a northerly direction, Bunya- 
Bunya, my present sphere of action, lies sixty miles distant. 
This place is so named from the quantity of Araucaria* 
or Bunya Bunya, which grows here in the mountain brushes. 
From this spot a quarter of an hour takes me to the virgin 
forest or to one of the creek bushes, flowing from the Bunya 
mountains, which latter separate the valley of the Brisbane 
from that of Wide Bay River. The direction of these 
mountains is east and west; they join the coast range and 
ramify considerably towards the south, and upon their sides 
spring many streams, tributary to the Brisbane. Dixon's 
map is most erroneous, as regards the part north of Moreton 
Bay. 'The rockis of various kinds, especially syenite and 
granite; quartz seems entirely absent to the east of the 
chain and at Mount Brisbane, where Hornblende and Field- 
spar prevail or prophyritie Hornblende. There is still 
another Fieldspar rock, often seen in the rivulets of these 
mountains, and probably belonging to the epoch of the Glass- 
houses, a name given to five fantastically formed solitary 

* Araucaria Bidwilli, Hook, See vol, 2, p. 498, Tabs. 18 and 19 for à 
description and figure of this remarkable coniferous plant. - 


SCIENTIFIC EXCURSIONS IN NEW HOLLAND. 287 


peaks, south of the Bunya-range, and twenty English miles 
distant from the sea, each of them known to the natives by a 
distinctive appellation. The rock of the Puy de Dome and 
of Larconi is strikingly analogous to that of the glass-houses ; 
and it is a remarkable circumstance that the general aspect 
and configuration are also much alike. Is it not a curious 
fact that I have not been able to detect the least appearance 
of metals of any kind, nor of precious stones? I have often 
seen mica as bright as gold dust, but nothing else; as if 
science were determined I should serve no other master, nor 
reap other resources than hers! 

= But how can I adequately convey, in words, any idea 
of the Bunya brush, especially of that majestic tree, the 
Bunyia, whose trunk looks as if designed for a pillar to 
bear up the arch of heaven, and en the fruits of which, the 
blacks come every year to regale themselves for two or 
three months (January, February, and March). It were 
equally hard to describe the variety of plants and shrubs 
Which grow in this bush, covering, as it does, an extent upon 
the mountains equal to fifty English miles of length and 
breadth. The Castanospermum australe* grows both here and 
near the river and streams, often attaining the height of 
eighty to one hundred feet, and producing its little bunches 
of red and yellow flowers, which sprout out of the wood at 
the same time as its compound and deep green leaves are 
developed near the tips of the branches. 1 met with another 
tree, of the same family, on the mountain, and not among 
the brush ; its wood is very spongy, and the natives employ 
it to make their Aalimans or shields, the bark is covered 
With corky tubercles. "The flowers are large and red, and the 
foliage ternate, each leaflet being petiolate and triangular 
with the angles rounded. I think it is an Erythrina. 

There are two. other Leguminous trees in the Brush, one 
adorned with rich racemes of yellow blossoms, and the other 
belonging probably to the Mimosee : its leaves bipinnate, and 
the leaflets elliptic-lanceolate, larger towards the end than 

* See Hook. Bot. Miscellany, vol. 1, p. 241, t. 51 and 52 for a figure 
and description of this plant, — cad hee oe d 


288 SCIENTIFIC EXCURSIONS IN NEW HOLLAND. 


those at the base, its pods twisted like a cork-screw. Four 
others are Proteace ; viz.: the Wairum, with very rigid, 
long, and pinnate lobed foliage, the Silver oak (Grevillea 
robusta) ; the Dulabi with lanceolate leaves; and another, of 
which the lower surface is beautifully silvery. In all these 
four species the medullary rays are seen very distinctly 
through the wood. There are several singular trees belong- 
ing to the Malvacee and Sterculiace, one which the colonists 
call Bottle tree, because the trunk swells at about 3-4 feet 
above the ground; its bark is very hard, but the wood soft 
and spongy and full of juice. I have never seen the flower 
of this tree; but its fruit is a capsule, very similar to that of 
Sterculia; the blacks eat the seeds. Another, called Bauni- 
Bauni, forms a very large tree, with thick bark and spongy 
wood; it has very large and long slightly cordate leaves : 
the bark contains a gelatinous transparent substance, which 
adheres to the fingers. A small tree or shrub, with tubular 
scarlet blossoms, grows on the mountains among the rocks. 
On the sea-beach I saw a Malvaceous shrub, or small tree, 
producing foliage similar to a fig and large Hibiscus-like 
flowers: its wood is hard and of a lovely deep, velvetty; 
yellow at the heart. I also found two other species of 
Hibiscus, (H. heterophyllus), which grows almost everywhere 
in the colony, and of which the tenacious bark forms excellent 
natural ropes: this species has white or reddish flowers, the 
base of each petal and the stamens being deep purple. The 
other kind is yellow-flowered, and a third, with foliage re- 
sembling that of a fig, produces pink blossoms. 

Araucaria Cunninghami, the Moreton pine, called by the 
aborigines Gunam, grows in all the bushes by the river and 
the streams ; it attains the stature of a lofty tree, its beautiful 
crown towering above all the rest: another species inhabits 
the brush of the Cerde-Bay River, and is known to the 
natives by the name of Danda-jam. I have heard that still 
another species may be seen near the sea-shore. The 
Cypress-pine (Callitris) is frequent on the sandy beach of the 
coast. 

I am about to send home collections of the plants of the 


SCIENTIFIC EXCURSIONS IN NEW HOLLAND. 289 


Brush, also of the different kinds of wood, both from the 
Brush and the forest near Moreton Bay; and I have pre- 
served the fruits in salt water and shall forward them with 
my specimens of rocks; for I think that geologists have no 
idea what a variety of formation exists in New Holland. 

It has been proposed to undertake an expedition from 
Sydney to Port Essington, on the north coast of New Hol- 
land; but the government is too poor. Still it is much to be 
desired that it should be done, one time or other, either at 
the public expence, or by the efforts of the colonists. 

We have seen the comet from the 3rd of March to 
April 1843. All the country that I have traversed is, 
with slight exceptions, occupied by proprietors of sheep 
and cattle; their stations lying from twenty to thirty miles 
apart. Sometimes I have travelled upon my good Val- 
paraiso mare, with no other companion than a faithful 
pointer bitch ; and encamped alone at night on the moun- 
tain or in the forest, my own cook, groom, washerwoman, 
and naturalist. Everywhere the people, when I was for- 
tunate enough to fall in with them, showed me great hos- 
Pitality ; and occasionally I have made acquaintance with 
some of the most respected persons in the colony; still, I 
have now and then been brought to such straights, that I have 
thought I must infallibly give up my studies and betake 
myself to some labour by which I might gain my bread. 
Your letter gave me much hope and pleasure. It is re- 
markable that I have gathered here a little plant, very 
Similar to that you sent me from the marshes of Tuscany, 
Hypericum quinquinervium. Walt. Sarothra (Blentinensis, 
Sav.) I enclose in my letter some flowers of the tree that 
I have described as having ternate leaves, and its wood 
soft and spongy that is used by the blacks for their shields 
(halimans). These blacks are interesting creatures. Living 
much among them, I have had the opportunity of watching 
their peculiarities. Though now forming several powerful : 
tribes, it cannot be doubted that they will soon disappear 
before the progress of civilization; and while philanthropy 


290 SCIENTIFIC EXCURSIONS IN NEW HOLLAND. 


deplores this result, it is quite evident that none of the many 
means, hitherto employed to preserve them from destruction, 
islikely to prove successful It seems fore-ordained that 
these races shall vanish from the earth to make way for the 
Caucasian race, though all are endowed with the same 
passions and the germs of similar virtues. From what I have 
seen, I conclude that the natives of this part, at least of New 
Holland, are by no means stupid or incapable of learning; 
but an education of two or three, or even twenty years, will 
not do much for them ; itis the education of successive gene- 
rations which is requisite ; and alas! even ten years will have 
wasted these people nearly away, so fatal are the conse- 
quences of small pox, and other introduced maladies, so 
baneful the effect of spirituous liquors. : 


Sydney, July 12, 1844. 


I have organized a party of six persons (four whites and 
two blacks); and with six riding horses and as many mules 
carrying provisions, we are about to start for Port Essington, 
distant 2000 English miles! Heaven only knows whether 
we shall ever accomplish this journey! |I have sent a collec- 
tion of plants to the museum of the Jardin des Plantes, which 
I hope may give satisfaction ; but let it not be forgotten that 
these specimens were gathered in a country where I was 
in frequent risk of my life, and where every energy was Te- 
quired to enable me to travel, and partially to endure, 
fatigue, hunger, and thirst! I was compelled to cut down 
wood for firing, with my own hands, and to cook my food; 
while I was also: a geologist and botanist, and to wash my 
own linen and dry my specimens, often passing ten days and 
a fortnight in the forests, without any companion but my 
horse and my dog.. If I had not occasionally been assisted 
by friendly and hospitable individuals, I must have been 
compelled to relinquish my journey, and to discontinue my 
collections. Such as the latter are you will see them: they 
were gathered in an area of country six hundred miles long 
and three hundred miles wide. _ | 4a guine 


SCIENTIFIC EXCURSIONS IN NEW HOLLAND. 291: 


There are many geological specimens, which I send to Dr. 
Nicholson of Newcastle. 

My herbarium is extensive, and contains a number of 
things which I do not know, and which I hope to study when 
I return from Port Essington. The Leguminose are a rich 
tribe; but I found very few Proteacee at Moreton Bay ; not 
above four or five. You may observe, in my paper published, 
in Jameson's Journal, that very fine fossil-bones are found on 
the Darling Mountains. I have sent a specimen to Mr. 
Richard Owen, who had kindly given me an introductory 
letter to Sir Thomas Mitchell of this colony. 


Description of Popaxon PISTILLARIS, Fries; by the Rev. 
M. J. BERKELEY, (with a Plate, tab. X.) 


Popaxon Pistillaris Fries. Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 63. 

Lycoperdon pistillare, Linn. Syst. veg. ed. 15, p. 1509. Mant. 
313. 

Seleroderma pistillare, Pers. Syn. p. 150. 

Sehweinitzia pistillaris, Grev. in Edin. Phil. Journ. v. 8, p. 
256, tab. VI. 

Mitremyces indicus, Spreng. Syst. veg. v. 4, p. 518. | 

Has. Cape de Verd Islands. In an exposed valley near 

Porto Praya, growing amongst grass on the dry ground, J. D. 

Hooker. 

Peridium 12 unc. longum, 1 unc. latum, discretum, basi a 
stipite laciniis paucis subacutis dehiscente, tenue, rigide 
papyraceum, primum croceum, demum fuligineum croceo- 
maculatum, squamis paucis latis vestitum. Stipes 5 unc. 
longus, sursum attenuatus, medio 2 lin. crassus, plus 
minusve bulbosus, e fibris tortis compositus, sericeus, 
Squamoso-maculatus, massam fructiferam omnino pereur- 
rens, apice modice dilatato, intus pallide miniato-croceus, 
fistulosus, floccis laxis pallidis rigidiusculis chordam fila- 
mentosam formantibus farctus. —Capillitium ellipticum, 1$ 
unc. longum, 3 unc. latum, miniato-ferrugineum, stipite per- 
Cursum; flocci e stipitis filamentis reflexi, et demum pro 


299. DESCRIPTION OF PODAXON PISTILLARIS. 


magna parte quoad illum perpendiculares, inarticulati, 

rectiusculi, sursum attenuati ramosique, leviter sinuosi. 

Spore numerosissime, plus minusve conglomerate, irregu- 

lariter lato-ellipticæ, brevissime v. obsolete pedicellatæ ; 

guttula globosa minima. 

The discovery of Podaxon pistillaris, an Indian plant, in 
one of the Cape de Verd islands, was perhaps scarcely to be 
expected. It differs much in colour from the more sombre 
forms of the genus which occur in Egypt and along the coast 
through Senegal to the Cape of Good Hope. The genus 
occurs also in Australia. | 

Full grown specimens only of this very curious fungus have 
been hitherto obtained, which vary a little in intensity of co- 
lour. The original specimen described by Linnæus, exists still 
in the herbarium of the Linnæan Society. In some specimens 
the stem is much more decidedly bulbous than in others ; in 
that from Porto Praya it is but slightly swollen below, and 
 mearly solid at the base, rooting slightly into the soil and 
covered with a few cottony threads. In the Linnæan 
specimen, and that figured by Greville, the stipes is very 
decidedly swollen. The colour of the spores and capillitium 
almost exactly resembles that of the substance called crocus; 
by watch makers. The fruit bearing threads are reflected from 
the stem being continued from it, and if I have seen correctly 
partly arise from ascending and partly from descending fila- 
ments; they are thick and rigid at the base, but slightly 
branched and becoming more slender above. The spores 
are collected in little pellets, amongst which are the half ab- 
sorbed remains of the primitive cellular tissue. The stem is 
clothed with broad filmy scales, as is also the pileus; but 
whether these constitute or not, in an early stage, a coat e 
the peridium, is uncertain. The stem passes completely 
_ through the capillitium, is slightly dilated at the apex, and 
has, I suspect, at an early stage, a thin inner peridium 
attached to the fructifying mass as is seen in P. carcinomatis. 

In this species the flocci appear to be inarticulate and to 
present no peculiarity of structure; but in P. carcinomalis 


DESCRIPTION OF PODAXON PISTILLARIS. 298 


I find here and there a thread containing a single spiral 
filament, or itself breaking up into a flat spiral and twisted 
fillt. In that species too the flocci are in general much 
more undulated and sometimes even curled. "There can be 
no doubt but that this, like other Podaxineæ, belongs to the 
division of sporophorous Fungi; but a proper comparison 
and correct appreciation of the different parts cannot be 
made without the examination of specimens in a much earlier 
stage of growth than any which have hitherto been submitted 
to the mycologist.—M.J.B. 

Plate X., fig. 1, P. Pistillaris nat. size; f. 2. The same 
cut through vertically nat. size; fig. 3, flocci highly magnified ; 
fig. 4, flocci and spores, highly magnified. 


ÁLGJ ANTARCTICÆ, being characters and descriptions of the 
hitherto unpublished species of Ana, discovered in Lord 
Auckland’s Group, Campbell's Island, Kerguelem's Land, 
Falkland Islands, Cape Horn and other southern circumpolar 
regions, during the voyage of H.M. discovery ships * Erebus” 
and * Terror;" by Dr. J. D. Hooker and W. H. Harvey, 
Esq. M.D. 


(Continued from p. 276.) 
CHLOROSPERMEÆ ANTARCTICA. 
CLADOTHELE. Hook. fil. et Harv. 
(Genus novum Siphonearum.) 

Frons cylindrica, filiformis, viridis, solida, ramosa, extus pa- 
pillosa. Avis cellulosa, densa, e cellulis magnis hyalinis 
vacuis, cellulam centralem radiatim cingentibus, formata. 
Peripheria cellulosa, cellulis coloratis (viridibus) pluri- 
seriatis. Uftriculi papilleformes, totam superficiem vestien- 

tes.—Alea marina Falklandica, irregulariter ramosa, sor- 
dide viridis, ecorticata. 


63. Cladothele Decaisnei. Hook. fil. et Harv. 
Has. In the sea, at Berkeley Sound, Falkland Islands. 


294 . — ALGÆ ANTARCTICA. 


Radix fibrosa? | Frondes 4-6 unc. alte, cæspitosæ, filiformes, 
seta porcina crassiores, cylindraceæ, flexuosæ, plus minusve 
ramosæ, ramificatione valde irregulari. Rami primarii 
elongati, sæpe simplices, ramulis longis simplicibus sæpis- 
sime secundis curvatis v. incurvis vix attenuatis laxe 
donati. Substantia tenax. Color sordide viridis, siccitate 
cinerascens. Charte laxe adheret. 

A very curious plant, certainly related to Codium, especially 
to C. simpliciusculum, by the structure of the papille that 
cover the surface, and from which we have derived the 
generic name, but with an axis of very different structure 
from that of Codium or of any other siphoneous genus. It 
indeed more closely resembles that of Polysiphonia. In the 
specific name we wish to pay a deserved compliment to our 
friend M. Decaisne, who has thrown so much light on the 
affinities of the corallinoid Algae, related to Siphonee. 

64, Conferva Falklandica, Hook. fil. et Harv.; filis densis- 
sime cæspitosis flaccidis lete virentibus flexuosis intricate 
ramosissimis, ramis secundariis longissimis subsimplicibus 

- undulatis flexuosis, ramulis patentibus distantibus brevibus 

. secundis, articulis granuliferis diametro 3-5plo longio- 
ribus. 

Has. On muddy rocks, St. Salvador's Bay and Berkeley 
Sound, Falklands. 

Tufts 6-10 inches long, densely matted, composed of 
branching, interwoven, very flexuous slender filaments, 
bundled together like locks of hair. 'The most striking cha- 
racters of the species are, the wavy branches, and the great 
length and simplicity of the lesser branches, furnished more 
or less with short, patent, secund ramuli. 

65. Conferva incompta, Hook. fil. et Harv.; filis intricatis 
incomptis atro-viridibus opacis rigidis setaceis tortuosis 
vix ramosis, ramis nunc longe nudis, nunc ramulis brevibus 
pectinatis circinato-inflexis - ornatis, ramulis ultimis se- 

cundis v. alternis patentissimis obbtusis approximatis 
remotisve, articulis diametro 3-4plo longioribus. 

Has, St. Martin's Cove, Cape Horn. 


ALGH ANTARCTIC. 295 


Forms entangled, stratified tufts. Filaments much inter- 
woven, twice as thick as those of C. simpliciuscula, very irre- 
gularly divided; the branches flexuous, and often naked, but 
here and there set with comb-shaped, involute ramuli, 
something in the manner of C. flexuosa. Colour dark and 
dull. Substance very rigid, when dry, and not adhering in 
the least to paper. 

66. Conferva, simpliciuscula, Hook. fil. et Harv.; filis intri- 
catis incomptis atroviridibus opacis rigidiusculis flexuosis ^ 
capillaribus irregulariter subramosis, ramis valde remotis 
longissimis simplicibus, ramulis perpaucis patentissimis 
filiformibus simplicibus sepe secundis, articulis diametro 
2-3plo longioribus sacculo endochromatis donatis. 

Has. On sea-weeds, stones, and shells, Falklands and Cape 
Horn. 

Forms entangled, dirty green tufts, without gloss. Fila- 
ments an inch or two in length, very distantly and irregularly 
branched, with a few distant ramuli. Allied to C. riparia, 
but more robust; also to C. flagelliformis, Suhr. but the 
habit is very different. It does not adhere to paper. 

67. Conferva ambigua. Hook. fil. et Harv.; filis capillaribus 
rigidulis nigro-viridibus longis fluctuantibus basi adnatis ? 
intertextis simplicibus v. hic illic spurie? ramosis et radi- 
cantibus, nunc processibus lateralibus anastomosantibus 
diametro 2-3plo longioribus opacis sacculo endochromatis 
repletis. 

Has. In the sea, Christmas Harbour, Kerroeksbi 's Lei 
Filaments 4-5 inches long, interwoven at base into a dense 

Stratum, above which the long apices float freely in the 

water. 

68. Conferva angulata, Hook. fil. et Harv.; fluitans vel rep- 
tans, filis simplicibus tenuissimis brevibus strictiusculis hic 
illic incrassatis et angulatis, ad angulum radiculam vel 
ramulum abnormalem emittentibus, articulis diametro 
4-5plo longioribus coloratis, endochromate siccitate con- 
trahente, 

Han, Fresh water, Kerguelen's Land. 


296 ALGÆ ANTARCTIC. 


Near C. bombycina, but distinguishable by its greater 
straightness and rigidity, the angular curves, incrassations 
and radicles. "The incrassations are scarcely of the character 
of the inflations in Mr. Hassall’s genus  Vesiculifera." 

69. Conferva Sandvicensis, Ag? filis tenuissimis simplicibus 
longissimis in funiculos flavo-virides implicatos intertextis, 
articulis diametro duplo longioribus.—4g. Syst. p. 92. 

Has. Falklands, in rills of fresh water. 

Rope-like bundles 12-14 inches long. Filaments exceed- 
ingly slender, not more than one-third the diameter of those 
of C. rivularis, of which this species has very much the 
habit. Agardh's character of his C. Sandvicensis agrees SO 
well with our specimens that we think it probable our plants 
may prove the same. 

70. Draparnaldia? pusilla, Hook. fil. et Harv. ; filis pusillis 
densissime cæspitosis gelatinosis vage ramosiusculis flexu- 
osis, ramulis perpaucis simplicibus brevibus, articulis 
coloratis luteo-viridibus. 

Has. Falkland Islands, on the roots of an umbelliferous 
plant in fresh water. 

Filaments a quarter of an inch long, investing the roots 
on which they grow with a yellow, green down. The genus 
is somewhat doubtful; but we think it, at least, strongly 
allied to D. tenuis, Ag. which it resembles in miniature, but 
the ramuli seem deficient in the setaceous apices. 

71. Lyngbya fragilis, Hook. et Harv.; filis minutis fragilibus 
flavo-viridibus tortuosis implexis tenuissimis in stratum - 
tenue lutescens coherentibus, striis densissimis. 

Has. Falkland Islands, on a dead rabbit. : 
Threads about half the diameter of those of L. mu" alis, 

and exceedingly fragile. Stratum thin, somewhat shining, 

yellow green. 

72. Calothrix olivacea, Hook. fil. et Harv.; cæspite majus- 
culo intense olivaceo erecto, filis sub lente luteo-glaucis 
flexuosis in funiculos crispatos tenaces cohærentibus; PET 
totam longitudinem sepius connexis, nunc apice i 
plumosis, endochromate denso opaco vix striato. 


ALGÆ ANTARCTIC. 297 


Hs. Kerguelen's Land, in alpine rivulets. 

Tufts extensively spreading, about 1 an inch high, of a 
very dark, blackish olive colour. Threads much thicker than 
those of C. distorta, very flexuous, cohering often for their 
whole length in crisped bundles. Colour, under the glass, 
glaucous, with a golden tint.—A very pretty species. 

73. Oscillatoria purpurea, Hook. fil. et Harv.; strato gelati- 
noso tenaci siccitate translucente purpureo, filis violaceis 
omnium tenuissimis dense intertextis curvatis longe radi- 
antibus, striis inconspicuis. 

Has. Kerguelen’s Land, in rivulets among the hills, 3,700 
feet. 

Covers mosses and water plants, with a gelatinous, purple 
pellicle, more transparent than common in the genus. Ina 
dry state the filaments, which, under the highest power of 
the microscope are seen as thin lines, are of a fine purple 
colour, and fringe the stratum to nearly + inch depth. 

74. Sphærozyga fenaz, Hook. fil. et Harv.; strato fluctuante 
definito gelatinoso lobato tenaci æruginoso, filis densissime 
intertextis flexuosis sub lente glauco-viridibus moniliformi- 
bus hic illic articulo majori elliptico interruptis. 

Has. Falkland Islands, in fresh water. 

With a gelatinous stratum, nearly as firm as that of Nostoc 
ceruleum, this presents all the essential characters of Sphe- 
rozyga ; to the naked eye it resembles an Oscillatoria. It is 
a species of large size. 

75. Ulva tesellata, Hook. fil, et Harv.; fronde (mediocri) sic- 
citate rigidiuscula tenuissima membranacea foliacea fusco- 
viridi expansa in lacinias plures undulato-crispas fissa 
tesserato-areolata, areolis quadratis lineis hyalinis cireum- 
scriptis, granulis magnis quaternis. 

Han. Kerguelen's Land, on rocks in the sea. 

Frond 1.2 inches high, dull green, leafy. Structure very 
similar to that of U. crispa, but the habit and habitat is that 
of U. latissima. Some of our specimens are profusely covered 
with sphærical bodies, immersed in the frond, and resembling 
the capsules of a Nitophyllum, which probably are incrassa- 

VOL. IV. E. 


298 DECADES OF FUNGI. 


tions, caused by the puncture of some minute animal. They 

appear to be hollow, but their walls are greatly thicker than 

the rest of the frond. Under the microscope, this species 
has the character of a fine piece of mosaic pavement. 

76. Palmella? anastomosans, Hook. fil. et Harv.; viridis in- 
crustans furfuraceo-rugosa carnoso-membranacea e cellulis 
hyalinis in fila anastomosantia foliaque clathrata coagulatis 

- composita, granulis binis oblongis viridibus. 

Has. Kerguelen's Land, on rocks in crevices. 

It is difficult to say whether this species should be referred 
to Paimella or to Ulva. It has a firmer and more membra- 
nous substance than most Palmelle, and a thicker frond than 
any Ulva with which we are acquainted. Yet the frond 
seems composed of a single stratum of cellules, and there- 
fore perhaps it might be admitted into Ulva, where it would 
stand near U. furfuracea. 


Dzcapzs or Funai; by the Rev. M. J. BERKELEY, M.A. 
F.L.S. 


(Continued from p. 73.) 


Dec. VIII.—X.  AusrRALIAN AND NORTH AMERICAN 
Funet. 


(Tass. xr. and xır. rte, 1—5). 


71. Sphæria (Conerescentes) elevata, n. sp; elongata emer- 
gens rimosiuscula ; peritheciis subsparsis globosis mediis 
collum conicum vix excedentibus ligno immersis; ostiolo 
punctiformi; sporidiis curvatis opacis mediis.— Drumm. n. 
925 (in part). 

On dead wood. 

Forming elongated, raised, irregular black or greyish spots; 
4a line thick, 1-1 inch long. Perithecia globose, middle- 
sized, with a conical neck, immersed in the wood, scattered, 
covered with a thin, black stroma; ostiola punctiform, not 
very visible externally. Asci clavate, containing an indefinite 


DECADES OF FUNGI. 299 


number of curved, opake; sporidia, which are far larger than 
in the neighbouring species. 

Resembling S. lata, but distinguished by the much larger, 
opake sporidia, which are contained in clavate asci. In 
Spheria lata the asci are much more slender, and the sporidia 
minute and pellucid. | 

* S. rosella; A. and S.—Drumm. n. 185. 

On charcoal. 

72. S. (Villosæ) pulvinulus, n. sp; sparsa, subglobosa de- 
mum collabenti-depressa astoma hirsutiuscula atra ; sporidiis 
irregulari-subellipticis pluriseptatis ; ostiolo obsoleto. — 
Drumm. n. 225 (in part). 

On dead wood. 

Scattered, black, subglobose, at length collapsing and de- 
pressed, clothed with short pubescence. Sporidia irregular, 
subelliptic, divided by transverse and longitudinal septa. 

This species differs from all the species of the tribe with 
which I am acquainted in its sporidia. It resembles most 
Spheria hirsuta. The sporidia are just like those of SpA. 
Laburni. 

* S. sanguinea, Sibth.—Drumm. n. 225 (in part). 

* B media.— Drumm. 212 (in part). 

73. S. (Denudatæ) inspersa, n. sp.; conferta et sparsa, 
minor, atra; peritheciis subglobosis rugulosis rigidiusculis ; 
ostiolo obsoleto.— Drumm. n. 212 (in part). 

On dead wood. 

Kither scattered or forming crowded patches on bleached 
wood. Perithecia minute, globose, jet black, slightly rugose 
astomous. Asci linear; sporidia elliptic, brown. 

Nearly allied to Sph. pulveracea, but differing very much 
in the spores, which in that species are fusiform, and divided 
into four distinct cells. 

* Hysterium elongatum, Wahl.—Drumm. n. 225 (in part.) 
—74. Agaricus (Clytocybe) ochro-purpureus, n. sp.; pileo - 
subhemispherico demum depresso carnoso compacto lento 
pallide alutaceo leviter purpurascente; cute facile secernibili; | 
margine inflexa primum tomentoso, mycelio albo. Stipite 

| z 2 


300 DECADES OF FUNGI. 1 


pallidiore hic illie purpurascente, medio tumido.  Lamellis 
crassis non connexis. purpureis postice latioribus decurren- 
tibus. 

On clayey soil in woodlands. T. G. Lea, Esq. Ohio, 
n, 261. 

. Pileus 2 inches across. Stem 21 inches high, $ of an inch 
thick in the centre, solid, above deflexo-squamose, occasion- 
ally equal. 

This species resembles in most points Ag. tyrianthinus ; 
but the gills are thick and distinct, resembling those of Ag. 
laccatus, and the mycelium (at least in the dry plant,) is white. 
The spores when dry are of a palish yellow, but Mr. Lea 
in his notes describes them when fresh as white. 

This, and the greater part of the following species, are 
described from a very rich collection of Fungi, consisting of 
above 280 species, from the neighbourhood of Cincinnati, 
kindly sent to Sir W. J. Hooker by T. G. Lea, Esq., and 
accompanied in many instances by very copious and va- 
luable notes. The collection has furnished a large quantity of 
interesting species, first made known in his memoirs by 
Schweinitz, some very rare European forms, and a consider- 
able number of new species, the most important of which 
are here described. I have myself corresponded on the sub- 
ject with their discoverer, and can bear witness to his great 
kindness and zeal; and I have no doubt that mycology will 
be further enriched by his labours. 

— 75. Agaricus (Mycena) Leaianus, n. sp.; pileo convexo 
umbilicato tenui margine striato minutissime miniato-virgato 
stipiteque longo deorsum tomentoso strigosoque aurantiis 
viscosis; lamellis distantibus ventricosis postice sinuatis ad- 
nexis aurantiis, coccineo-marginatis. 

On a dead trunk, Ohio, May. n. 214. T. G. Lea, Esq. 

Pileus rather more than 3 an inch broad, convex, umbili- 
cate, orange, clothed with a viscid cuticle, smooth, wrinkled 
when dry; margin striate and slightly virgate, with vermil- . 
lion flocci. Stem 2} inches high, not 1 line thick, orange; 
smooth and viscid above, with a few indistinct, dar ker specks, 


DECADES OF FUNGI. 301 


below clothed with matted, tawny down, and strigose flocci, 
stringy, attached to dead leaves, &c. by a creeping, strigose, 
orange mycelium. Gills distinct, broad, ventricose, remark- 
ably sinuated behind, adnexed, orange, with a vermillion 
margin. 

Resembling somewhat Ay. coccinellus, but probably more 
closely allied to 4g. pelianthinus. The pileus when dry has 
somewhat the appearance of that of Ay. palmatus, in conse- 
quence of its viscid cuticle. It must be a most beautiful 
species when fresh. Mr. Lea mentions that the spores are 
orange. I do not find this to be the case in the specimens ; 
and as the spores, in well-dried Cortinarie, are always visible 
enough, I think there must be some mistake in this point. 
I have little doubt myself that the species belongs to the 
division Mycena. 

— 16. Agaricus (Galera) mucidolens, n. sp.; olidi pileo plu- 
teiformi lobato glabro nitido viscido fuligineo ; stipite fibril- 
loso, lamellis liberis. 

On rotten trunks, in woods, Ohio, April, n. 215. T. G. Lea. 
Esq. 

Pileus 2-3 inches broad, of a dull, smoky brown, viscid. 
Stem 2 inches or more high, clothed with brownish fibres. 
Gills free. Spores dull, ferruginous, broadly subcymbiform, 
with a small nucleus. Smell, like that of decayed cheese. 

Allied to Agaricus reticulatus, but differing in several 

points, and especially in its dull, ferruginous, not croceo- 
ferruginous spores. 
—11. Lentinus sulcatus, n. sp.; parvus, pileo primum sub- 
conico, demum hemispherico, carnosulo diffracto-squamoso 
sericeo-virgato rufescente, margine sulcato; stipite centrali 
brevi solido subconcolore furfuraceo; lamellis distantibus 
latiusculis subcrassis postice emarginatis pallidis. 

From the cracks of dry, hard, fence rails, May, ous 
n. 212. T. G. Lea, Esq. 

Pileus not $ of an inch broad, hemispherical or nearly so, 
at first slightly conical, of a more or less rufous tint, broken 
up into irregular scales, sericeo-virgate ; sometimes the 


302 DECADES OF FUNGI. 


scales are more or less indistinct, fleshy, margin deeply sul- 
cate, atleast when dry, the raised interstices darker, which 
gives the pileus a yery neat appearance. Stem about } of an 
inch high, 14 line thick, often slightly attenuated downwards, 
solid, of the same colour as the pileus, furfuraceous, some- 
times confluent. Gills distant, broad, subventricose, emar- 
ginate behind, very slightly annexed, pallid, rather thick, in- 
distinctly toothed. 

This very pretty species is allied to Lentinus scleropus, &c. 
It appears to be undescribed and there can be no difficulty 
in recognising it. In consequence of the striate and sulcate 
margin, it bears at first sight a certain resemblance to Aga- 
ricus alutaceus. 

* Lentinus tigrinus, Fr. A most remarkable state of this 
species has been found by Mr. Lea (n. 245) in which the 
gills have anastomosed, until the whole pileus and gills have 
become a hard, solid mass. At first sight it has quite the 
appearance of a new genus; but I am convinced that itis 
merely a very curious, but monstrous state of our European 
species. 

—8. Polyporus (Mesopus) tabuleformis, n. sp; pileo orbi- 
culari centro crasso margine tenui sublobato subzonato proli- 
fero-rugoso velutino hic illic fasciculato-piloso ferrugineo- 
badio ; contextu ferrugineo divergenti- fibroso ; stipite centrali 
brevi obtusissimo in pileum effuso; poris parvis irregulari- 
bus pileo concoloribus, 

Augusta, U. S. Mr. Wray. 

Stem central, obeonical, very obtuse, 14 inch high, 2% thick 
in the middle, gradually effused into the pileus.  Pileus 
somewhat imbricated below, above prolifero-rugose, thick in 
the centre, thin towards the margin, 74 inches broad, orbi- 
cular slightly lobed and zoned, clothed with velvety down, 
which is here and there fasciculato-pilose, especially in the 
centre, of a rich ferruginous bay. Substance ferruginous, 
divergenti-fibrous. Pores small, one-fiftieth of an inch in 
diameter, irregular, rather deep, of the same colour as the 
pileus; dissepiments thin, edge irregular. 


DECADES OF FUNGI. 303 


Closely allied to Pol. holopheus, Mont. and Pol. hispidus, 
Fr., but especially to the former. The colour of the pileus 
and pores is, however, far lighter than in that species, and 
the habit different. The substance of the pileus has not at 
all the yellow tint of that of Pol. hispidus, and the border of 
the pileus scarce exceeds 3 of an inch in thickness, and is 
sometimes not half so thick ; the habit is very much that of 
Hydnum ferrugineum. 

79. Polyporus (Apus) conglobatus, n. sp. pileis suberosis 
erumpentibus arctissime imbricatis massam globosam effor- 
mantibus, arcuatis, rugosis fusco-purpureis margine pallido ; 
postice leviter laccatis; hymenio brunneolo; poris puncti- 
formibus ; dissepimentis obtusissimis. 

On beech bursting through the bark, Ohio, n. sees T: G. 
Lea, Esq. 

Forming a compact, globular body, 4-5 inchesin dnih, 
consisting of closely pressed, curved, imbricating pilei, united 
at the base into a mottled mass, consisting of bark highly im- 
pregnated with the mycelium, purplish brown behind, where it 
is laccate, with a dark bloom, pallid in front, substance corky, 
rather soft, ferruginous. Hymenium concave, scarcely con- 
spicuous without dividing the pilei, brown. Pores very mi- 
nute, punctiform, pale within; interstices perfectly even, 
obtuse. 

The mass behind is sometimes perforated by the larva of 
some insect, which makes large channels through it. It is, 
I believe, sweet-scented when fresh. 

This is one of the most remarkable species with which I 
am acquainted, and very distinct in habit from every species 
except Pol. graveolens, Schwein. The section.is very pe- 
culiar, and quite different from that of most other species. 
The inner substance of the bark, as it were, swells till at 
last the outer layer is ruptured, and the mass of pilei pro- 
truded, which is continued from the substance of ps 
bark. 

Schweinitz has described no Polyporus at all resembling it, 


304 DECADES OF FUNGI. 


with the exception of Pol. graveolens, from which it differs 
in its pilei, not being spathulate, its softer substance, and 
larger pores, which, though minute, are visible to the naked 
eye. Pol. graveolens occurs on the different species of oak, 
this on beech. 

280. Polyporus (Apus) obductus, n. sp.; pileo sessili reni- 
formi lobato tenui glaberrimo pellicula gelatinoso-cartilaginea 
flavida vestito, sicco fragilissimo, contextu albo; hymenio 
albo, poris laceratis, dissepimentis tenuissimis. 

British North America. Dr. Richardson, 1827. 

Pileus 5 inches broad, 21 inches long, stemless, reniform, 
with a few rounded lobes, thin, about 14 line thick; substance 
white, vanishing completely towards the margin, clothed with 
a yellowish, gelatinoso-cartilaginous pellicle, which under a 
lens is slightly wrinkled, perfectly smooth, very brittle when 
dry, margin extremely thin. Pores white, finely toothed, 
dissepiments extremely delicate, about 4 of a line deep. 

A very curious species, whose nearest affinity is perhaps 
with P. aureolus. When fresh, it is probably a juicy species, 
though very rigid and brittle when dry. The coat of the 
pileus is apparently nearly of the same nature as that of 
Agaricus mastrucatus. 

, 81. Polyporus (Resupinatus) niger, n. sp.; resupinatus 
crassiusculus pileo vix ullo; hymenio nigro; poris minimis 
punctiformibus intus umbrinis, dissepimentis tenuibus. 

On rotten trunks, Ohio, March, 7. G. Lea, Esq. n. 112. 

Elongated, entirely resupinate, except at the very edge, 
where it is slightly raised, dark brown and pubescent; sub- 
stance, where it is not quite obsolete, dark brown. Hyme- 
nium black. Pores very minute, punctiform, 2 lines deep; 
edge very minutely tomentose with black down, umber 
within, dissepiments thin. 


Nearly allied to Pol. tephroporus, (formerly, P. Surinamensis, - 


Mont.) with which it agrees in many respects. The hyme- 
nium, however, is jet-black, instead of cinereous, and the 
inside of the tubes is umber, Like it, it is slightly raised at 


DECADES OF FUNGI. 305 


the edge, and the substance and exposed portion of the pileus 
are dark brown. The dissepiments, also, in Dr. Montagne's 
fungus are thicker. 

There is always some doubt about resupinate species, if 
they exceed a line in thickness. There is, however, no known 
species of which this can be a state. The same also may be 
said of Dr. .Montagne's Pol. tephroporus, though it comes 
very near to resupinate specimens of Pol. caperatus, which I 
have from British Guiana. 

— 82. Trametes incana, n. sp.; pileo laterali duro suberoso 
explanato dealbato glabro, contextu albo; stipite brevissimo 
disciformi; hymenio albido; poris parvis subrotundis, acie 
obtusa, 

On dead trunks, Ohio, n. 225. T. G. Lea, Esq. 

Pileus 8 inches broad, 44 inches long, attached by a very 
Short, lateral disciform stem, flabelliform, smooth, opake- 
white, zoneless, or with a few obscure depressions, and short, 
radiating grooves; substance hard, corky, white, 14 inch 
thick; margin subacute. Hymenium even of a very pale 
ochre; pores small, one-sixtieth of an inch in diameter, 
mostly roundish, here and there forming linear or curved 
sinuses, Sometimes the stem is accidentally elongated. 

Resembling somewhat Dedalea ambigua, and certain states 
of Lenzites repanda, but distinct from either. 

—83. Dedalea ambigua, n. sp.; pileo suberoso crasso con- 
vexo azono dealbato glabro; hymenio subalutaceo ; pors 
parvis sinuosis acie obtusa. 

On dead trunks, Ohio, n. 117. T. G. Lea, Esq. 

Pileus sessile, dimidiate, 6 inches broad, 3 inches mdi; 
14 inch thick, convex, zoneless, opake-white, as if white- 
washed, smooth, or most minutely pubescent in the younger 
parts only, of a hard, corky texture, white within. Margin 
at first very obtuse. Hymenium rather concave, of a pale 
tan-colour, pores small, narrow, sinuated, moderately deep, 
dissepiments obtuse. 

This species approaches closely to some states of Lenzites 
repanda, Fr., but it is a true Dedalea, the pores being at first 


306 DECADES OF FUNGI. 


punctiform, and not radiating from the centre. There is no 
species of that genus with which it can be confounded. 

It certainly is very near to the foregoing species, but the 
pores seem to me to be of a different nature, not to mention 
the difference of habit, Mr. Lea also distinguished them, 
which has confirmed me in my conclusions, which have been 
formed after much deliberation, I ought, however, to state, 
that Dr. Montagne, to whom I showed two of the specimens, 
was inclined to think that they were different states of one 
species, : S656 

— 84. Cyclomyces Greeneii, n. sp. pileo spongioso-suberoso 
orbiculari undulato sublobato zonato tomentoso cinnamomeo . 
marginem versus tenuem lineato; stipite centrali obeonico | 
concolore; lamellis demum subcinereis. (Tab. XI.) Amongst - 
dead leaves. Tewkesbury, Massachusets. B. D. Greene, | 
Esq. 

. Pileus above 31 inches in diameter rather thin except in 
the centre orbicular slightly lobed and undulated, here and — 
there irregularly tuberculate concentrically zoned of a rich 
ferruginous cinnamon, clothed with short velvety down, which 
vanishes in parts towards the margin, where it is m 
with little linear grooves and raised lines, interspersed with — 
minute fascicles of down ; substance rather soft, marked with 
concentric circles ; margin very aeute. Stem obconical, obtuse, — 
about 14 inch high, and 2 of an inch thick, compressed and 
suleate where it joins the pileus, minutely velvety or | 
pruinose, of the same colour with the pileus; gills 
concentrically rather narrow, nearly entire, imbricati 
erisped and rigid when dry, at length subcinereous, interstices 
even and without any traces of dissepiments. - - i 
- A most interesting addition to the beautiful genus Cyclo 

myces which consisted before of a single species only. 47° 
pileus is very like that of Polyporus tabuleformis. Itis vety — 
brittle when dry. TEC aS 

Tab. XI. Cyclomyces Greeneii, nat. size. Jf. l. Portion 
of the underside, showing the gills ; magnified. Io 
— 85, Hydnum flabelliforme, n. sp. imbricatum coriaceum, pilel* 


DECADES OF FUNGI. 307 


spathulato-flabelliformibus zonatis hirsutis; hymenio ochra- 
ceo ; aculeis longiusculis acutis carneis, siccis ochraceis, 

On a dead red-oak. T, G. Lea, Esq. Jun. Ohio, No. 42, 

. Pilei imbricated, laterally confluent an inch broad, 4 of an 
E- inch long, spathulato-flabelliform fixed by a narrow base, 

Which is mostly more or less distinct, coriaceous clothed with 
white or slightly tawny short woolly hairs. _Hymenium bor- 
. dered; aculei acute, sometimes slightly compressed above, 
_ flesh coloured, ochraceous when dry. 
E A pretty species allied to H. ochraceum. 
— 86. Hydnum stratosum, n. sp. pileis resupinatis, margine 
libero, demum stratosis e processibus rigidis ramosis extus 
Stuppeis formatis; aculeis longis rigidis acuminatis spadiceis 
hic illic cinereis. 

On a dead trunk. Ohio. June. T. G. Lea, Esq. No. 279. 

Pilei resupinate with a narrow lobed border spreading for 
three or four inches over the matrix, consisting of repeatedly 
branched rigid brown processes resembling some Cornicularia, 
Which are clothed above with grey or ferruginous tow-like 
fibres. Aculei rather long rigid sharply acuminate brown 
Varying to cinereous, at ndi stratose. 

This is one of the most ssdinble species with which I 
am acquainted. It resembles in many respects Hydnum 
parasiticum, but has not like that a coriaceous pileus, The 
Whole substance indeed consists merely of rigid branched 
processes which are partially covered above with coarse 
pubescence, so that the pileus might perhaps be described as 
repeatedly branched. These processes are, however, com- 
 bined into a lobed stratum. I do not know any other 
Species with which it;can be compared, except perhaps as 
Dr, Montagne suggests his Hydnum pteruloides, but that 
he is now inclined to consider as merely a state of Trametes 
Hydnoides, whereas the present is undoubtedly a perfect 
Less 

— 87. Hydnum Ohiense, n. sp. resupinatum membranaceum a 
Matrice hie ilic secernibile pallide flavum ; aculeis cati 
acutissimis aquosé pallido-fuscis subfasciculatis. — — 


308 DECADES OF FUNGI. 


On the under side of a rotten log. Ohio. March. T. G. Lea, 
Esq. No. 41. 

Spreading for several inches, entirely resupinate membra- 
naceous partially separable from the matrix ; aculei somewhat 

fasciculate 1-2 lines long of a watery pale brown, very slender 
at the apex. hf il 

This species resembles Hydnum fernandesium, Mont. (H. — 

 membranaceum, var. stenodon, Mont. Prodr.) from which it 
differs in its shorter less crowded aculei. The margin too in 
the Juan Fernandez species is more distinct and the whole 
fungus more luxuriant. ; 

eo 88. Scleroderma Texense, n. sp. subglobosum squamis supra — 
liberis basi adnatis imbricatis vestitum mycelio infra medium — 
affixo anostomosante subfultum ; cellulis persistentibus spo- 
risque fuligineis. 

On the ground. Texas. Mr. Drummond. i. 

Subglobose rather depressed 11 inch in diameter at the 
base, about 1 inch high clothed with scales imbricating U 
wards from the base ofa pale olive brown externally, yel 
lowish within, and themselyes often covered with smaller 
scales or with furfuraceous particles; peridium hard rigid 
brown; cells persistent fuliginous with a slight olive tint; 
spores globose granulated. Mycelium springing from below 
the centre of the peridium, consisting of flat broad anasto- 
mosing floccose processes, resembling in their origin : 
appearance those of Hysterangium nephriticum, Berk. 

A very distinct species with cells more persistent 
usual in the genus. The scales also are more than 
developed, and are quite free above and distinct fro 
peridium. They are in fact the corky bark which is of som® 
thickness at the base and gradually becomes thinner to 
the apex as the peridium is protruded, in consequence © 

which it breaks up into scales. 

89. Didymium rugulosum, n. sp. gregarium peridio 
lari subtus laté umbilicato albo ruguloso ; stipite tenui cost” 
stramineo apice attenuato; capillitio parco albo ; sporis nigris 
sub lente fusco-purpureis. Columella nulla. 


DECADES OF, FUNGI. 309 


On bark. Ohio. No. 242. 7. G. Lea, Esq. 

A minute species 3 ofa line in diameter with the stem 2 of 
alinehigh. The appearance of the surface of the peridium 
islike that ofa little globule of mother of vinegar, white and 
eurdled. 

90. Macrosporium punctiforme, n. sp. soris minutis sparsis 
punctiformibus ; sporis obovatis; filis simplicibus obtusis 
subflexuosis. (Tab. XII, f. 1). 

On dead stems of Rubus occidentalis. Ohio. No. 166. 
T. G. Lea, Esq. 

Forming minute black scattered dots; stroma reticulate ; 
flocci erect simple slightly flexuous sparingly septate some- 
times decumbent and then proliferous. Spores obovate at 
first simple and pellucid, then furnished with one or two 
transverse septa, at length acquiring a darker tinge and a few 
oblique or vertical septa. 

Tab. XII, fig. 1. a. Flocci. 5. Portion of stroma with flocci 
springing from it. c. Spores in various stages of growth. 
d. Single spore. All more or less magnified. 

31. Macrosporium pinguedinis, n. sp. latissime effusum, 
floccis tenuibus erectis simplicibus septatis; sporis lanceolatis 
quandoque obovato-oblongis. (Tab. XII, f. 2). 

On grass on which animal fat had been poured. Ohio. No. 
146. T. G. Lea, Esq. ! 

Completely investing the culms and leaves of the matrix. 

occi erect flexuous septate ; spores brown lanceolate obtuse 
transversely septate with here and there a vertical septum ; 
sometimes obovate-oblong. Hv 

 Macrosporium, Fr. is the same with Septosporium, Corda 
taking Helminthosporium Cheiranthi as the type of the genus 
Which indeed differs very slightly from Helminthosporium. 

Tab. XII. fig. 2. a. Flocci and spores magnified. b. Spore 
highly magnified. 

_ 92. Sporidesmium concinnum, n. sp. sporis primum brevis- 
sime pedicellatis oblongis obtusis nitidis fenestratis. (Tab. 
XII. f. 3.) : 

On dead wood. Ohio. No. 168. T. G. Lea, Esq. - 


310 DECADES OF FUNGI: 


Forming minute jet-black crowded sori which are at length 
almost confluent. Stroma consisting of decumbent branched 
threads. Spores at first consisting of a pellucid simple obo- 
vate cell, which gradually acquires an oblong form (the pe- 
duncle being entirely obliterated) and divided regularly by 
numerous transverse and vertical septa ; occasionally a few of 
the lower septa are oblique. ks 

A very pretty object under the microscope. The true 
Sporidesmium atrum which appears to be a rare species also 
occurs at Ohio. It was, however, common at Prag as 
M. Corda informs me, till the wooden palisades were de- 
stroyed. 

Tab. XII, fig. 3. a. Flocci. 4. Spores in various stages of 
growth. c. Portion of spore. All more or less magnified. 

93. Oidium simile, n. sp. Effusum submembranaceum 
fulvum filis ramosiusculis ; articulis ultimis subglobosis. (Tab. 
XII. f. 4.) 

-. On decayed wood, Jan. Ohio. No. 147. T. G. Lea, Esq. 

Forming a deep tawny pulverulent but somewhat membra- 
naceous stratum on decayed wood which to the outward eye 
exactly resembles Oidium fulvum, but distinguished by its 
subglobose not oblong articulations. The fructifying joints 
arise either from a direct transformation of the ultimate joints, 
or from the central constriction of the subterminal. 

Tab. XII, fig. 4. a. Flocci with spores. 5. Spores; more 
or less magnified. 

94. Septonema spilomeum, n. s. soris parvis punctiformi- 
bus; filis ramosis; articulis oblongo-ellipticis scabriusculis 
triseptatis. (Tab. XII, f. 5). 

On fence rails. March. Ohio. No. 92. T. G. Lea, Est 
Forming little scattered sori about the size of a poppy- 
seed; threads branched ; articulations oblongo-elliptic triseP~ 
tate; one or more of the septa occasionally containing an oil- 
globule; border of articulations pellucid, rough with little 
scabrous prominences, "e. 

Very distinct from the other species in the punctiform 
habit, and in the nature of the articulations. 


= 


DECADES OF FUNGI. 311 


Tab. XII, fig. 5. a. Flocci. 5. Spores. More or less 
magnified. 

95. Cronartium asclepiadeum, Kze. var. Thesii, maculis 
obliteratis, tuberculis parvis sparsis, sporis subglobosis, peri- 
diis elongatis incurvatis extus minutissime ramentaceis. 

On Thesium umbellatum. Ohio. No. 205. T. G. Lea, Esq. 

Scattered over the under surface, not aggregate as in C. as- 
clepiadeum, where they seem usually to be confined to a de- 
terminate spot; peridia more minute; cells of the peridium 
longer; spores not so much elongated. 

It is possible that this may prove a distinct species, but 
the dry specimens exhibit no sufficient characters. 

96. Sphæria (Lignosæ) Zinctor, n. sp. effusus innatus planus 


E- Sculpturam matricis e mycelio miniate superficie referens, 


intus extusque ater; peritheciis elongatis, collo brevi, ostiolo 
Inconspicuo. | 

On dead Platanus occidentalis (button wood). Ohio. No. 
128. T. G. Lea, Esq. 

Forming a black widely effused stratum exhibiting all the 
markings of the matrix which is tinged to the depth of a 
quarter of an inch orange-red, black both within and without. 
Stroma hard 1 aline or more thick ; perithecia vertical elon- 
gated with a very short neck; ostiola not visible externally, 
€ven under a lens. 

Analogous to SpA. hypomilta, Mont. but by no means al- 
lied. It is rather related to SpA. stigma. The matrix is quite 
distinct from the wood though it exhibits on its surface all 
its markings, otherwise the species might be placed in the 
Section Concrescentes of which it has the habit. 

97. Sphæria (Circumscriptæ) Leaiana, n. sp. innata, stro- 
mate pallido laxo e cortice et ligno linea cireumscripto, peri- 

lis ellipticis ostiolis subconfertis elongatis lineolatis 
granulatis, sporidiis minimis curvulis. 

On bark of dead Hornbeam. Ohio. No. 130. T. G. Lea, 
Esq. | 

About 3 a line in diameter. Perithecia not numerous circi- 
nating elliptic seated on a pale stroma of rather a loose tex- 


312 DECADES OF FUNGI. 


ture ; ostiola forming a little tuft rather elongated umbilicate 
finely grooved, granulated. Asci lanceolate ; sporidia minute 
carved like those of S. verruceformis. _ 

A very neat species distinguished at once from Sp. carpini 
by its prettily granulated ostiola; but above all by its minute 
curved not lanceolate sporidia. It approaches also S. deci- 
piens, D. C. especially as regards the ostiola, but not to 
mention the difference of habit, the spores in that species 
are dark and elliptic with one side flat, not colourless and 
curved. 

98. Sphæria (Circumscriptæ) fulvo-pruinata, n. sp. pustulata, 
subangulata basi effusa; peritheciis oblongis collo elongato; 
stromate discoque ostiolis punctato fulvis; sporidiis ellipticis 


uniseptatis. 
On dead Platanus occidentalis. Ohio. No. 126. T. G. Lea, 
Esq. 


Forming somewhat angular pustules about a line broad 
rather effused at the base as seen through the thin cuticle ; 
disc angular tawny pulveruleht pierced by the black puncti- 
form ostiola ; stroma tawny like the disc; perithecia globose. 
Asci linear, sporidia elliptic uniseptate with a single globose 
nucleus in each cell. À 

99. Sphæria (Confluentes) rhizogena, n. sp. suborbicularis 
atro-fusca stromate pallido, peritheciis globosis primum cer- 
vino-pruinosis demum supra atro-fuscis, subtus pallido- 
fuscis papilla subtili abrupta quandoque depressa; intus 
pallido-fuscis. 

On the roots of Gleditschia triacanthos, washed bare by 
the Ohio freshets. Ohio. No. 132. T. G. Lea, Esq. 

_ Patches nearly orbicular 2 lines or more broad with their 

surface rather irregular, here and there depressed ; stroma 
pale yellowish brown; perithecia minute dull not shining, 
partially immersed, pale brown when shaded from the light, 
nearly black above at first prunose, globose with a minute 
and sometimes depressed papilla, filled with pale brownish 
jelly ; asci linear, sporidia elliptic. | 

This species has exactly the habit of Spheria Laburni, but 


DECADES OF FUNGI. 313 


differs materially in structure. Its nearest ally appears to be 
S. Gleditschie. 

From Sph. melogramma as published by Mougeot it differs 
in its pale stroma and elliptic not fusiform sporidia. In 
the plant as published by Fries, No. 441, the sporidia are 
curved. 

100. Sphæria (Byssisedæ) rhodomphala, n. sp. peritheciis 
demum confertis minutis globosis umbilicatis atris plus 
minus, presertim circa ostiolum obsoletum, miniato-pruina- 
tis, sub lente scabriusculis subiculo fusco insidentibus. 

On rotten wood. Ohio. No. 135. T. G. Lea, Esq. 

Scattered, at length much crowded, either free or seated on 
a matted brown subiculum ; perithecia globose at first pow- 
dered with vermilion which is more or less persistent in the 
centre ; ostiolum simple umbilicate; asci somewhat lanceo- 
late pedicellate; sporidia lanceolate constricted in the centre 
With a single septum, and containing one or sometimes two 
nuclei, 

A pretty species but rather difficult to place, as the subi- 
€ulum is sometimes entirely wanting and the perithecia are 
rather pulverulent than villous. It has almost equal claims 
to take its place amongst Denudate, Villose and Byssi- 
sedæ, 


ERRATA. 


Vol. 3, p. 337, for * Buck Bean,” read “ Garden Bean.” 
Vol. 4, p- 29, for * Brongniart,” read “ Jussieu.” 


Fungi described in the First. Century, now completed. 


Agaricus allantopus, B. Agaricus ochro-purpureus, B. 
o crinalis, B. — nidiformis, B. 

— Drummondii, B, — radicatus, Relh. var. super- 
— lampas, B. biens, B. 

. 7 Leaianus, B. — rhizobolus, B. 

Tt lepton, B. — xanthocephalus, B. 

T7 mucidolens, B. Aseroe viridis, B. & Hook, 
— muculentus, B. fil. 


VOL, Iv. À À 


314 DECADES 


Auricularia minuta, B. 

Boletus alliciens, B. 

— marginatus, Drumm. 

Bolbitius mitreformis, Harv. 

Bovista lacina, Mont. & 
B. 

Broomeia congregata, B. 

Calocera guepinioides, B. 

Cantharellus capensis, B. 

— viscosus, B. 

Clathrus pusillus, B. 

Clavaria setulosa, B. 

Corticium radicale, B. 

— vinosum, B. 

Cortinarius erythreus, B. 

Cronartium asclepiadeum, Fr. 

— var. Thesii, B. 

Cyclomyces Greeneii, B. 

Dacrymyces rubro-fuscus, B. 

Dedalea ambigua, B. 

Didymium rugulosum, B. 

+ scrobiculatum, B. 

Dothideaappendiculosa, M ont. 
& B. 

— examinans, Mont, & B. 

— Zollingeri, Mont, & B. 

Geaster Drummondii, B. 

Guepinia Pezizeformis, B. - 

Hexagonia decipiens, B. 

Hydnum dispersum, . B. 

— flabelliforme, B. 

— investiens, B. 

— Isidioides, B. 

— Ohiense, B. 

— sclerodontium, B. 

— stratosum, B.. 

— Webbü, B. 


OF FUNGI. 


ASP ES re EPE ee 


Hymenogramme  Javensis, 
Mont. & B. ; 

Ileodictyon gracile, B. 

Irpex incrustans, Mont. & 
B. 

Lentinus sulcatus, B. 

Licea applanata, B. 

Macrosporium pinguedinis, 
B. 

— punctiforme, B. 

Mitremyces luridus, B. 

Mycenastrum pheotrichum, 

Mystrosporium pulchrum, B. 
& Corda. 

Oidium simile, B. 

Paxillus Eucalyptorum, B. 

Peziza Drummondii, B. 

Phallus curtus, B. 

Physarum flavicomum, B. 

Polyporus brunneolus, B. 

— cladonia, B. 

— compressus, B. 

— conglobatus, B. 

— demissus, B. 

— grypheeformis, B. 

— niger, B. 

— obductus, B. 

— oblectans, B. 

— ochroleucus, B. 

— portentosus, B. 

— pullus, Mont. & B. 

— rimosus, B. 

— Schomburgkii, Mont. & B. 


- — tabuleformis, B. 


— tardus, B. 
== fosius, B. : 
JETU venustus, B: 


DECADES OF FUNGI. 315 


Scleroderma. Texense, B. Sphæria rhodomphala, B. 


Secotium coarctatum, B. — tinctor, B. 
— melanosporum, B. Sporidesmium concinnum, B. 
Septonema spilomeum, B. Stereum illudens, B. 
Sistotrema aufochthon, Mont. — obliquum, Mont. & B. 
& B. Thelephora radicans, B. 
Spheria capnodes, B. Trametes incana, B. 
— elevata, B. 
— fulvo-pruinata, B. APPENDIX. 
— inspersa, B. 
| — Leaiana, B. Myriangium Duriei, Mont. 
00 ~ pulvinulus, B. & B. 
= = rhizogena, B. — Montagnei, B. 


1 iid 


On a minute Fungus, PonisoMa Macropus; growing on 
Juniperus Virginiana in North America, by Dr. Wyman, 
in a letter addressed to Sir W. J. Hooker ; with some addi- 
tional remarks by the Rev. M. J. BERKELEY. 


(With a figure, Tas. XII. f. 6.) 


Boston, United States, 
May 8th, 1844. 


Dear Sir, 

l have taken the liberty of sending you the following 
notice of a microscopic fungus, to which my. attention was 
first called while engaged in examining the dense tufts with 
acerose leaves which are abundantly met with in the Juni- 
perus Virginiana of this neighbourhood. On investigating 
the peculiar growth last mentioned, minute specks were 
. noticed in every instance, on the stems of the twigs of which 
B they aré composed, and almost never elsewhere except 
In the excrescence known as the “ Cedar apple” These 
Specks are of a reddish colour, slightly elevated, about } to 
1 line in diameter, and’ in part concealed by a scale of cuticle, 
Under which they are developed, but which is ruptured as 
they increase in size, Having detached one of these masses, 
x A A2 


316 PODISOMA MACROPUS, 


and placing it under the field of a microscope, I fóund it to 
consist entirely of immense numbers of minute fungi allied 
to the genus Puccinia, characterized by a slender filament or 
pedicle, on the summit of which are two cells of the form 
represented in the adjoining figure. Each cellis of a trian- 
gular form, the two being united at their, bases. Internally 
these cells are filled with yellowish green granules, besides 
which there exists a transparent spherical body, which I sup- 
pose to be a nucleus or cytoblast. The accompanying figures 
will give you a better idea of the fungus than any verbal 
description. The existence of two distinct cells is easily 
demonstrated by macerating the specimen for a short time in 
water, when they readily separate from each other, and in 
some instances I have noticed the projection ofa tube not 
unlike a fallen tube, from one of the angles. I have made 
numerous searches for these parasites, but have almost never 
detected them, except in the localities above mentioned, viz : 
the tufts composed of acerose leaves and the * Cedar apple.” 
The tufts with acerose leaves are not identical as I believe, 
with the variety of form which occurs in the young shoots of 
the J. virginiana, described in Bigelow's Med. Botany and 
by yourself in the Flora Boreal. Americana, also in the 
description of the J. burmudiana in Lond. Journ. of Botany 
for March 1843. The form of the leaf is in both cases 
acerose, but the tuft to which I refer, forms a single dense 
spherical mass, the twigs so crowded together as scarcely to 
allow the light to pass through, looking at a distance like the 
nest of some bird. These masses vary in size from that of 
the first to eighteen inches in diameter. Generally not more 
than one mass is seen on the same tree, sometimes, however 
two or three. I have never seen a single tuft like those described 
in which the fungus in question was not present, and this is the 
result of a great number of observations. 

The “ Cedar apple,” is an excrescence of the bark of the 
J. virginiana, and usually attributed to the presence of the 
ova of insects. On its surface are generally to be seen $ 
depressions from which at certain periods there projects à 


PODISOMA MACROPUS. 317 


small point varying in length, this process consists entirely of 
fungi which are developed in a cell, the external coverings of 
Which are ruptured as the fungus increases in size. In both 
the situations, when wet, they absorb, moisture very rapidly, 
swell and become much elongated. In the ** Cedar apple,” 
they often project to the distance of an inch, and hang down 
like tassels. In localities where the juniper is abundant 
these excrescences exist in large quantities, so that after a 
rain the trees have the appearance of putting forth large 
numbers of flowers, in consequence of the sudden elongation 
of these collections of fungi. 

The universal presence of this fungus in the tufts of acerose 
leaves above described have almost led me to the belief that 
they stand in the relation of cause and effect, though it must 
be obvious that the evidence is still far from satisfactory. 
Observations in other localities and other species will per- 
haps decide. 

It does not appear from any description which I have seen, 
that the acerose leaves described by botanists are confined to 
masses or tufts as I have stated above; but on the contrary 
linfer that they are scattered about on different branches, 
or as Bigelow says are met with on young vigorous shoots. ) 

Should the facts communicated in this letter prove new 
or in any way interesting I beg you would make any use of 
them which you may think best; if not, please excuse the 
liberty I have taken in addressing you at this time. 


With great respect, 
I am truly yours, 
Jerrries Wyman, M.D. 
To Sir W. Jackson Hooker. 


Tab. XII, f. 6. 

a. Magnified drawing of the sporidia. 4. The same, more 
highly magnified. c. The two cells in part separated after 
maceration in water. d. Cells completely detached. e. Spo- 
ridia germinating. f. Section o iCedar apple, shewing pro- 


318 PODISOMA MACROPUS, 


cesses formed by sporidia with the peduncles, (natural size). 
g. One of the masses magnified, shewing the ruptured cell 
(from surface of Cedar apple). 


The fungus described by Dr. Wyman is clearly Podisoma macropus, 
Schwein. in Am. Phil. Trans. vol. 4, p. 307. No figure has hitherto, as 
` far as I know, been given of it. Dr. Wyman's communication, therefore, 

though not containing any absolute novelty must be regarded as very 
acceptable. As Dr. Schweinitz's notes on the subject do not appear to be in 
the hands of many botanists, we think it may be agreeable to our readers 
to have a translation of them. 
. It may be as well to state first, that the species was published in the 
earlier memoir on the fungi of Carolina, p. 74, under the name of Gymnos- 
porangium. Juniperi Virginiane. Link changed the name to Gym. macro- 
pus, and in his later memoir, Schweinitz refers it to the genus Podisoma, 
retaining, however, the specific name given to it by Link, _ 

** The species,” says Schweinitz, * is rather rare in those parts of Upper 
Carolina with which I am best acquainted, but very common in Pennsyl- 
vania infesting, especially, clipped trees of Juniperus Virginiana and com- 
monly known by the name of the ** Cedar Apple,” under which it is sold 
inthe markets as a powerful but fabulous anthelmintic. Link expresses 
his sorrow that I have not investigated the anatomy of the lower part of 
the sporidochium. I willingly give here what information I have on the 
subject. First then the base is by no means to be regarded as a sporido- 
chium, if one isto regard as sporidochium what is usually so termed in 
Podisoma Juniperi. That gelatinous body composed of the matted pe- 
duncles of the sporidia exactly agrees with the tremelloid ligules of our 
Podisoma macropus. The basilar globe in question is of quite a different 
nature, It is, however, never absent. It always precedes our fungus; 
shewing itself in the most delicate branches of J. virginiana of about the 
size of the head of a good sized pine, gradually increasing and generally 
swelling into a more or less regularly turbinate, plicate head which is 
traversed by the branch in an unaltered condition, and attaining a diameter 
of one or two inches, The substance in the dry and old plant is fibroso- 
suberose as in Fistulina but not succoso-carnose, as if from fibres radiating 
from a broadly obconic stem, but then preserving its somewhat woody 
habit. On the contrary, when flourishing, it is easily cut and eaten like 
an apple, and becomes hard when dried. Externally there is an epider- 
mis-like bark of a brown purplish lilac tint, and altogether juiceless like 
the peel of an apple. The whole surface is regularly dotted with polygo~ 
nal usually pentagonal foveola which are at first plane, but presently 
dimpled and umbonate ; at length the bark being ruptured in the centre, 
the ligulate tremelloid sporidochia burst forth in moist weather, about an 
inch in length of the most beautiful orange colour, adorning in the course 


PODISOMA MACROPUS. 319 


of a single spring night the whole tree as it were with the richest crop of 
ripe oranges, If wet weather continues for many days, it remains in this 
state till the ligules melt away. Under the influence of the sun, however; 
they soon dry up, and never revive. The apples last for a year. Old spe- 
cimens are internally not unlike excrescences of trees. The apple is never 
found without at least rudimentary ligules, nor the ligules without the 
apple. In general when the Junipers are cut into a pyramidal or other 
form they are covered with an incredible quantity of these fungi, but 
according to observations which I have carefully made for ten years it does 
not destroy them, nor does it even seem to injure them. Many people 
therefore, and some, not of the lowest class, believe firmly that it is either 
the real inflorescence or fruit of the Juniper. I am convinced from close 
observation that it has nothing to do with insects. The apple does not 
however, appear very clearly of a fungous nature. It appears to me to be 
4 most anomalous substance, respecting which it is better to assert 
nothing, but to examine more accurately. : 

The anatomy of the base of this fungus in its young state before 
it protrudes the tremelloid ligule, exhibits the following appearances. 
The substance is then altogether like that of a ripe apple; if cut 
With a knife it is of a whitish green like that of an unripe apple; 
grumoso-cellular radiating from the base. The green tint soon changes 
into tawny orange, and then a few whitish fibres are observed ra- 
diating and branching from the base. After the protrusion of the 
- ligules which takes place in rainy weather the apple does not increase, 
butif the spring is not rainy, it increases daily. The epidermis of the 
younger excrescences before the evolution of the sporidochia has a fila- 
Mentoso-furfuraceous texture, and is as thick as the peal of an apple. 
The ligules in their most perfect state are loaded with sporidia, just as in 
P. juniperi ; but they are generally longer and not conical, but often some- 
What flexuous and attenuated towards the apex. 

It may be observed that our British species grow from a peculiar disc 
though not developed so highly as the Cedar Apple, and that a similar disc 
occurs in a new species of Cyttaria, discovered at Cape Horn, by Dr. 
YT Hooker to which I purpose to give the name of Cyttaria Hookeri: 

« B. 


——— 


Contributions to the Botany of Sourn America. By Joux 
Miers, Esa., F.R.S. F.L.S. 


(With a Plate, TAB. XIII, XIV.) 


: Itis the intention of the author to continue, from time to 
time, a series of these Contributions to the Botany of South 


320 CONTRIBUTIONS TO 


America, the results of the observations made by him during 
several years’ residence both on the western and eastern 
shores of that vast continent. Having availed himself of the 
opportunity of examining many plants in the living state, and 
preserved drawings and details of a great number, he proposes 
to select from these such as may be still undescribed or yet 
imperfectly understood. Whenever the subject admits, he 
will collect all the materials he can command towards mono- 
graphs of each genus, not in any regular order, but as the 
subjects present themselves. In his endeavours to carry out 
this plan, he has received much kind assistance from Sir 
William Hooker, and he has great pleasure in acknowledging 
his obligation to that distinguished Botanist for the liberality 
with which he has afforded the use of his valuable library of 
reference and the freest access to his extensive herbarium, 
which is particularly rich in the botanical productions of 
South America. From this fertile source, and the different 
herbaria in the British Museum, as well from the materials 
in his own collection, he has prepared the following contribu- 
tions, which he proposes to follow up by illustrations drawn by 
himself, exhibiting the details, which according to his views, 
tend to exemplify the characters of each genus referred to.* 
The vast accumulation of plants during the last few years - 
collected in all parts of the globe, has been so great, that it 
becomes absolutely necessary to define with greater accuracy 
the limits, not only of genera, but of species, and where this 
can be accomplished upon sufficient evidence, much will be 
done towards removing the confusion that exists in so many 
cases; but even should the author of these contributions 
succeed in only a few instances, he hopes to render some 


service, though it be not very great, towards the advancement - 
of the science of botany. 


* This work will afterwards appear with the addition of plates in a 4to- 
form under the title of “ Illustrations of South American Plants, &e.” Y» 
the following Contributions, reference in foot notes will be made to the 
plates illustrative of such subjects in the work alluded to. 


THE FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA. 321 


SALPICHROA. 


Under this name it is proposed to class several plants that 
have been hitherto arranged in Atropa, the limits of which 
genus remained for a long while undefined, many species 
having been referred to it, and again removed by different 
botanists. Its character, as given by Professor Spenner (Gen. 
Pl. Germ. p. 21, tab. 18) upon the typical species A. Bella- 
donna is deficient in so far as regards all the South American 
species. That offered by Prof. Endlicher (Gen. Pl. n. 3857) 
has evidently been framed with the intention of embracing 
the whole of these, amounting to about ten, which, however, 
include two other very distinct forms; of these, four will be 
classed in Salpichroa, and the remaining six under the name 
of Hebecladus.* The plants before mentioned possess a calyx 


. * They are all remarkable for their conspicuous flowers presenting an 
intermediate tooth in the plicature between the lobes of the corolla. The 
generic name of Hebecladus is derived from »/99, pubes, kXadoc, ramus tener, 
in allusion to their habit, which much resembles that of Salpichroa, but is 
more suffruticose. The following elements for a generic character have 
been taken from the species I have examined in the dried state. 
HznEcLADUs, Gen. nov. Calyx brevis, profunde 5 partitus, laciniis ovatis 
submembranaceis, l-nerviis, venosis, persistens, Corolla infundibuli- 
formis, tubo amplo calyce 2-6 plo longiori, fauce ampliato, limbo patenti- 
. Sinuato, 5 lobo, lobis acutis, sepissime dentibus interjectis, æstivatione 
basi valde plicatis. Stamina 5, imo corollæ inserta, filamentis filiformi- 
bus, glabris, basi dilatatis, antheris exsertis, cordato-oblongis, adnatis, 
2 lobis, longitudinaliter dehiscentibus, polline albido. Ovarium subro- 
» glabrum, (disco nullo?), 2 loculare, placentis dissepimento 
adnatis, pluri-ovulatis. Stylus simplex, exsertus. Stigma clavato- 
capitatum, sub 2-lobum. Bacca globosa, parva, calyce membranacea 
suffulta. Semina plurima in pulpam nidulantia, compressa, reniformia, 
testa reticulata. Embryo intra albumen carnosum hamato-arcuatus, 
Cotyledonibus semiteretibus; radiculi tereti, infernè paulo crassiora, 
duplo longiori, hilum petente. Suffrutices Americe intertropice, ramulis 
subdichotomis, flexuosis, teneris; foliis plerumque geminis, altero viz mi- 
nori, ovatis, ellipticis, vel cordatis, integris, petiolatis, Inflorescentia 
pedunculo solitario laterali, cernuo, floribus 1-2 vel plurimis, umbellatis, 
. Tübris, flavis, vel rubro viridescentibus. Bacca alba, pisi magnitudine. 
. | Hebecladus viridiflorus, Atropa viridiflora. H, B. K. 3, 11, tab, 196; 


322 CONTRIBUTIONS TO 


that scarcely enlarges, and that is usually cleft, almost to the 
base, into five linear erect segments, not a campanulate, 


Caule fruticoso volubili, foliis geminis, elliptico-ovatis, subacuminatis, 
integerrimis, basi in petiolum decurrentibus, utrinque (prsesertim sabtus) 
hirtellis; pedunculo bifloro ; floribus nutantibus ; corolla calyce 3-4 plo 
longiori, basi externe tuberculis 5 instructa.—Nova Granada. 
Specimens of this plant exist in the herbarium of Sir William Hooker, 

collected by Professor Jameson on the Western side of the Volcano of 
Pichincha, at an altitude of 13,000 feet ; by Colonel Hall, in the Valley of 
Lloa, who describes it as a large shrub ; and again by Professor Jameson 
in Columbia (n. 195); and by Goudot, at Bogota in New Granada. The 
leaves are 3 inches long, and 14 inch broad, on a petiole 3 inch long; pe- 
duncle 1-2 flowered, the calyx is somewhat pentagonous, and deeply cleft 
into 5 thin greenish triangular segments, with ciliate margins; the corolla 
is slightly pubescent ; the filaments are wholly free to the base, where they 
have a short triangular dilatation, which is ciliate, above this they are 
slender and quite glabrous; the anthers are cordate at base, apiculate at 
summit. 

2. Hebecladus umbellatus. Atropa umbellata. R. & P. 2, 44, tab. 181, 2.3 
caule frutescente, flexuoso fragili; foliis subgeminis, cordato-ovatis, 
subangulatis, pubescentibus; pedunculo axillari, laterali, umbellato, 
multifloro, nutante ; corolla mellifera, purpurea, limbo reflexo, ciliato, 
luteo, plicaturis vix dentatis ; staminibus inclusis; stylo exserto; bacca 
albida, calyce patenti suffulta.—Peruviæ collibus circa Limam et Chan- 

cay. v. s. ín Herb. Hooker. Amancaés prope Limam (Mathews, n. 722). 
A small shrubby plant; the leaves are not only somewhat angularly 
sinuate, but have eroso-denticulate margins. 

3. Hebecladus biflorus. Atropa biflora, R, & P. 2, 44, tab. 181, b. Pubes- 

cens; caule fruticoso, ramis glabris, nutantibus ; foliis ovatis, acutis, 
superioribus geminatis, utrinque glabris, subtus pallidis, venis promi- 
nentibus; pedunculis hirtellis, 2-floris, nutantibus; corollà purpu- 
rascente, tomentoso-pilosa, limbo luteo-viridis staminibus exsertis, 
antheris cæruleis, sagittatis ; bacca depresso-rotundata, alba, calyce 
patenti suffulat.—In Andibus Peruviæ. v. s. in Herb. Hooker. Obra- 
jillo et Cuallay ad Vallem Cantæ (Mathews). 

4. Hebecladus bicolor. Atropa bicolor, R. & P. 2,45; caule fruticoso; 
ramis teneris, angulatis; foliis plerumque geminatis, ovatis, acutis, 
angulatis, glabris; pedunculo axillari laterali, umbellato, 3-4-floro. ; 
corolla rubicundá, limbo viridescente.—In Andibus Peruviæ. 

5. Hebecladus asperus. Atropa aspera. R. & P. 2, 45.; caule herbaceo, 
dichotomo ; foliis geminis, ovatis, altero minori, asperis; floribus soli- 
tariis, cernuis; corolla luteo-czrulea, fauce violacea, campanulatà ; fila- 
mentis hirsutis, violaceis ; bacca alba.—Amancaés prope Limam. 


THE FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA. 823 


5-partite calyx, with stellately patent lobes, increasing con- 
siderably in size with the fruit ; it has a narrow tubular fleshy 
corolla, often contracted in the mouth, not one that is cam- 


6. Hebecladus intermedius, sp. nov.; caule glabro; foliis ovatis, angu- 
lato sinuatis, margine erosis, utrinque parce pilosis, venis pulverulentis ; 
umbella triflora; corolla tubulosa, floccoso-hirtella, lobis 5 sublineari- 
bus, dentibus interjectis ; antheris sagittatis, longe exsertis, filamentis 
gracilibus, glabris.— v, s. in Herb. Hooker. Purruchuco Peruviæ, 
(Mathews, n. 524. sub nomine Atrope aspere, R. & P.) 

This plant, in the shape of its leaves, approaches A. aspera, R. & P., 
but they are by no means asperous; the flowers differ much from the 
figure of that species, resembling more those of A. biflora ; the leaves are 
34 inches long, and 14 inches broad, on a petiole # inch long ; the stem of 
the umbel is 4 inch long, the pedicels being 10 lines, the calyx is 4 lines, 
the tube of the corolla 1 inch, the border 4 lines in length. 

7. Hebecladus lanceolatus, sp. nov. ; caule flexuoso, glabro, subangulari ; 
foliis geminatis, altero minori, lanceolato-ellipticis, basi cuneatis, apice 
acuminatis, petioloque utrinque parce molliter hirtellis; umbella in 
axillis laterali, 4 flora; calycis margine floccoso; corollz tubo rubello, 
glabro, ore flavo, 5 lobo, lobis acutissimis, puberulis, dentibus tot con- 
spicuis, acutis, interjectis ; staminibus inclusis; stylo exserto, clavato. 
— Columbia, v. s. in Herb. Hooker (Hartweg, n. 1301). 

The leaves of this species are 34 inches long, and 14 inch broad, on a 
petiole 4 inch long; the stem of the umbel is 1$ inch, and the pedicels 
9 lines in length. The flowers are of similar size to those of H. viridi 
8. Hebecladus Turneri, sp. nov. Caule flexuoso, tereti; foliis geminis, 

æqualibus, ovatis, acutis, basi late rotundatis, in petiolum decurrentibus, 
utrinque pilis mollissimis sparsis; umbella cernua, 6-8 flora; calycis 
laciniis lanceolatis, pubescentibus; corolla parva, glabra, aurantiaca, 
lobis acuminatis, margine floccosis; staminibus brevibus, inclusis ; 
stylo exserto ; bacca rubra calyce patenti suffulta.— Patria ignota. - 

This specimen exists in Sir W. Hooker's Herbarium, evidently dried from 
a cultivated species by Dawson Turner, Esq. without any note of its 
origin or the place of its growth, The leaves are 34 inches long, and 
24 inches broad ; the stem of the umbel is 4 lines, the pedicels 6 lines, the 
corolla 6 lines long, the latter being of an orange colour, rather broad in 
proportion, 


Species dubia. 


9. Hebecladus Airfellus. Atropa hirtella, Spr. 1, 699. Ramis asperis ; 
foliis ovato-oblongis, acutis, scabris ; ; pedunculis elongata, 1 floris, 
filiformibus.— Brazil. 


324 CONTRIBUTIONS TO 


panular, veined, thin in substance, and widened in the throat ; 
its filaments are short, slender, and inserted in the middle, 
not in the bottom ofthe corolla; the anthers are linear, erect, 
nearly exserted, not oval and reflexed in the middle of the 
tube; its ovarium is deeply imbedded in a large coloured fleshy 
disc, not wholly free, or at least supported on a small 5-lobed 
ring. The stigma is clavate, almost cup-shaped, not deeply sul- 
cated, 2-lobed, and reflexed. "The berry is of a bright scarlet 
colour, not greenish or black. 'The testa of the seed is rugous, 
and covered with rigid hairs, not smooth and reticulated: 
characters offering many well marked points of distinction 
from ropa. There is another remarkable difference be- 
tween Atropa and Salpichroa ; in the one, the corolla is thin, 
becoming membranaceous and unchanged in drying, while 
that of the other is thick and fleshy, becoming black as it 
dries, a character it possesses in common with most of the 
Jaborosa group, such as J'aborosa, Himeranthus, Dorystigma, 
and by Juanulloa, &c. The name is derived from cadmré 
buccinum, xpoa colour, in allusion to its pretty, trumpet- 
shaped flowers, and the following are its generic characters. 
SALPICHROA. Calyz persistens, sæpissimè profunde 5 par- 
titus, lobis linearibus acutis, fructifer haud mutatus, rarius 
5-fidus. Corolla hypogyna, subcarnosa, infundibuliformis, 
interdum tubulosa, fauce subconstricta, limbo 5-fido, lobis 
lineari-oblongis, reflexis, æstivatione ferè induplicatis, mar- 
ginibus floccosis, vix introflexis. Stamina 5, æqualia, sub- 
exserta; filamenta filiformia, glabra, medio corolle orta. 
Anthere lineares, erectæ imo dorsi affixæ, libere, circa 
stylum conniventes, 2-loculares, loculis parallelis adnatis, 
rimá longitudinali dehiscentibus. Ovarium liberum, coni- 
cum, disco carnoso magno colorato suffultum, 2-loculare, 
placentis centralibus, è dissepimento formatis, multiovu- 
latis. Stylus simplex, filiformis, erectus, stamina excedens, 
basi conicus. Stigma subcapitatum, depressum, cavum, 
obsolete 2 lobum. Bacca ovalis, carnosa, 2-locularis, stylo 
apiculata, Semina numerosa, in pulpam nidulantia, rhom- 
boideo-rotundata, valde compressa, testa rugosa, utrinque 


THE FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA. 325 


(presertim versus marginem) pilis simplicibus rigidis dense 
vestita, hilo marginali. Embryo intra albumen carnosum 
arcuatus ; cotyledonibus semiteretibus ; radiculà tereti 
hilum spectante.—Herbæ Americe meridionalis puberule, 
diffuse, ramose, subscandentes; caule angulato, flexuoso, 
suffruticoso; ramis foliis oppositis. Folia solitaria, vel 
gemina, rarius terna, integra, in petiolum longum decur- 
rentia, Flores solitarii, albidi, vel lutei, siccitate nigricantes, 
pedunculati, demum cernui. Bacca rubra. 


$ I. Eusauricnroa. Corolla longe tubulosa, intus imo glabra. 


l. Salpichroa glandulosa. Atropa glandulosa. Hook. Bot. 
Misc. 2.230. Hook. Icon. 106; caule fruticoso, suberecto; 
foliis geminis, longe petiolatis, cordato-ovatis, glanduloso- 
pubescentibus, szepe incano-tomentosis ; calyce pubescente, 
profunde 5 partito, laciniis linearibus; corolla flava, longe 
tubulosa, staminibus styloque inclusis.— Pasco Peruvie. 

2, Salpichroa dependens. Atropa dependens. Hook. Icon. 107 ; 
caule suffruticoso, pendente; foliis geminis, cordato- 
ovatis, breviter petiolatis, fere glabris, subtus pallidis; 
calyce tubuloso, tenui, pubescente, 5 fido, demum fructifero 
subampliato hinc fisso; corolla longe tubulosa, stylo sta- 
minibusque exsertis.—Peruvia (Mathews, n. 829). 

3. Salpichroa hirsuta. Atropa hirsuta, Meyen (Riese um die 
Erde, 1, 466). Nees ab Esenb. (Nov. Act. 19, Suppl. 1, 389) ; 
caule suffruticoso, ramosissimo, diffuso; foliis geminis, 
subcordato-ovatis, longe petiolatis, calycibusque profunde 
5 partitis, hirsutis; corolla tubulosa, antheris cum styli 
apice exsertis,—Peruvia, circa Pisacomam, altitudine 15,000 
ped. 

This appears to be the same plant, of which many speci- 
mens exist in the herbarium of Sir William Hooker from 
Various localities, viz : 

: Pichincha (Jameson, n. 32), Pichincha (id. n. 301), Colum- 
bia (Hartweg, n. 1311) In these the stem is 4-angular, 
flexuose ; the leaves are solitary, geminate, and ternate, from 


326 CONTRIBUTIONS TO 


$ to 1 inch long, and 4 to 9 lines wide; the petiole is nearly 
as long as the leaf, slender, and caniculate; the internodes 
are about the length of the leaves; the flowers are solitary 
and lateral; the corolla about ten lines long, tubular, of a 
greenish yellow colour, glabrous, having oblong obtuse lobes, 
with floccose margins; the oval berry is terminated by the 
persistent glabrous style. Andes of Peru (M*Lean), where the 
leaves are more ovate, nearly glabrous above, pubescent 
beneath, the margins being somewhat crenate. Andes of 
Quito (Jameson, n. 125), of more stunted growth, a flexuose 
stem, presenting many short knotty leafless internodes; 
leaves ternate, barely 3 to 4 lines long, 2 to 3 lines broad, 
petiole 3 to 5 lines long. Bogota (Goudot), very near the last; 
the branches are somewhat more divaricate, and of a darker 
reddish colour. 

4. Salpichroa ramosissima, sp. nov.; caule fruticuloso, 4 gono ; 
axillis annotinis nodosis; ramulis pubescentibus; foliis 
utrinque glabriusculis, geminis ternisque, æqualibus, sub- 
membranaceis, elliptico-oblongis, basi rotundatis, in petio- 

-. Jum gracilem decurrentibus, apice subaeuminatis, margine 
ciliatis ; floribus solitariis lateralibus ; corolla tubulosa, 
calyce 3plo longiori, fauce contracta, lobisacutiusculis, re- 
flexis, margine velutinis.—Purruchuco, Peruvie. v. s. in 

Herb. Hooker (Mathews, n. 1053 sub nomine Atropæ ramo- 

sissimæ). 

A very distinct species, both in the form of the leaf and the 
shape of the corolla; the leaves are 13 inch long, 7 to 9 lines 
broad, the petiole, which is slender and caniculate, being 
I inch long; the lobes of the calyx are narrow, almost linear, 
and.slightly hairy; the berry is red, of an oval shape, $ inch 
long, £ inch in diameter; the seeds are flattened, with a hairy 
testa resembling that recorded in the following section. 


$ Perizoma. Corolla brevis, medio et fauce constricta, intus 
annulo carnoso lanato instructa. 


5. Salpichroa rhomboidea; Atropa rhomboidea: Hook. Bot. 
- Misc. 1, 135, tab, 37. ; foliis rhomboideo-ovatis, basi rotun- 


THE FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA. 327 


datis in petiolum attenuatis, fere glabris, margine petio- 

loque ciliatis, interdum valde pubescentibus,— Bonaria. 

Busbeckia, sp. Mart. MSS. 

I met with this species in 1825, when its details were re- 
corded by drawings from the living plant; it was also col- 
lected about the same time by Dr. Gillies, from whose speci- 
mens Sir William Hooker gave the excellent figure and 
description above quoted. I had long ago separated this 
from Afropa as a distinct genus under the name of Perizoma, 
and had prepared a drawing to exemplify it; but upon 
examining with more attention the species of the foregoing 
section that exist in Sir William Hooker's herbarium, I was 
led to the conclusion that it is better to place it as a distinct 
section of Salpichroa, on account of the close resemblance of 
the most essential characters of the flower and the seeds; the 
presence of the hairy perigynous ring and the different size 
and shape-of the tube of the corolla not offering more than a 
Sectional difference. 

This is a weak plant trailing among bushes, or on the 
ground. The stem is slender, sub-4-angular, somewhat 
flexuose, The leaves are sometimes almost glabrous, often 
slightly pubescent on both sides, with very short articulate 

irs, the margin and petiole being ciliated: The flowers are 
usually. solitary (or geminate when the axils. present ternate 

ves); they are cernuous upon slender pubescent lateral 
peduncles, The calyx is deeply cleft: into 5 long sharply- 
pointed, almost linear erect segments; it is slightly pubescent 
and persistent, it does not increase much. in size nor become 
patent as the fruit ripens. The corolla is short and tubular, 

ad,in proportion, quite white and smooth, and sensibly 
contracted both in the middle where the filaments are inserted, 
as well as in the mouth; the segments of the border are 
narrow, acuminated' and reflected ; the æstivation is slightly 
induplicate, the inflected edges adhering by their woolly mar- 
8s; near the base of the tube is seen a somewhat fleshy 
"ng, which is covered with long, woolly, white, articulated 
The stamens are equal, short, slender, and glabrous ; 


328 CONTRIBUTIONS TO 


the anthers, converging around the style above the mouth of 
the tube, are narrow, linear, 2 locular, with parallel adnate 
cells, which burst longitudinally somewhat laterally ; the pol- 
len is yellow and farinaceous, and when seen in the micro- 
scope, both in the dried and humid state, is globular with 3 
salient obtuse equidistant points. The ovarium is pyramidal, 
its base being deeply enveloped by a conspicuous fleshy 
orange-coloured disc; the style is conical at base, above which 
it has a broad band of long white hairs, and is quite smooth 
towards the summit, which rises a little above the anthers; 
the stigma is rather large, clavate, somewhat hollow, cup- 
shaped, and fleshy. The berry is of an oblong form, of a 
bright scarlet colour, about 4 an inch long, and wide, api- 
culate at the summit with the persistent base of the style; it 
contains from 16 to 20 rather large dark brown seeds, enve- 
loped in pulp; these are of a roundish square form, greatly 
flattened, with a small hilum on the marginal edge ; the testa 
is hard, brittle, and rugous, both its surfaces, and especially 
the margin, being densely set with long rigid simple hairs; 
the albumen is fleshy ‘rather compact, and encloses a nearly 
annular, filiform, embryo; the radicle is about one-third the 
length of the embryo, and points towards the hilum, the coty- 
ledons being semiterete and arcuate.* 

I found this plant at several places in the Pampas, at à 
distance of nearly 600 miles in the interior, and afterwards 
near Buenos Ayres; and although these differ very much in 
appearance, I can hardly venture to designate them as dis- 
tinct species; they are therefore added merely as varieties. 

Var. 8. divaricata; caule flexuoso, valde divaricatim Ta- 
moso, foliis obovatis, minoribus, utrinque pilosiusculis.— 
Pampas, ab Esquina de Medrano usque Frayle muerto, Pro- 
vinciæ Cordovensis. 

This plant is of more straggling habit, the branchlets 
spreading very widely, and the leaves scarcely exceeding 4 to 3 


* À representation of the above species with ample details is shown 
Plate 1 of the “Illustrations of South American plants, &c." i; 


THE FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA. 329 


of an inch in length, the stem being 4-angular and pu- 
bescent. 
var. y. pubescens.—caule 4-gono ; foliis fere ovalibus, rotun- 
datis, utrinque valde pubescentibus, petiolo gracili.—Pampas, 
San Luiz usque Rio Quinto.—This presents a very different 
appearance to the last variety; the leaves being about the 
Same size, but the petiole is much longer and more slender. 
6. Salpichroa ciliata. Lycium ciliatum, Schl. Linn. 7, 70:— 
suffruticosa, subscandens, ramis elongatis, flexuosis, ramu- 
lis interdum subspinescentibus; foliis sparsis, inæquila- 
teris, rotundato-ovatis, interdum subcordatis, in petiolum 
attenuatis, apice brevissime acuminatis, utrinque glabris, 
margine denticulato-ciliatis ; floribus axillaribus, solitariis, 
brevissime pedunculatis, cernuis, calycis laciniis linearibus, 
acutis; corolla puberula, infundibuliformi, genitalibus ex- 
sertis.—Rio Negro, Banda Oriental (Sellow). 
From Professor Schlechtendahl’s description, it is evident 
that this plant has a close affinity to the foregoing. The 
leaves are 14 inch long, 16 to 18 lines broad ; the peduncle is 
14 to 2 lines long, erect, and curving downward ; the calyx 
is deeply cleft into 5 linear segments, is covered with short 
‘glandular pubescence, and the margins are ciliated with glan- 
dular hairs. The corolla, somewhat longer than the calyx, 
is downy externally with glandular hairs, (articulate ?), funnel- 
shaped, the segments of the border are triangular, rather 
obtuse, reflexed, with glandular ciliate margins; the stamens 
and style are far exserted, the filaments being inserted above 
the base of the corolla, where the tube is contracted, and 
closed internally by a ring of dense villous hairs. The 
is red, globose, and shorter than the persistent calyx, 
Which increases in size to the length of 5 lines. The seeds 
are numerous, whitish, compressed, subreniform, but were 
not ripe when seen. 


DUNALIA. 


. Among the plants sent from Peru by Mathews is one 
marked Lycium obovatum, but it is clearly not the one 
VOL, Iv. BB 


530 CONTRIBUTIONS TO + 


figured under that name in the Flora Peruviana.* In its 1 


* [ have searched in vain for this plant in the herbarium of Ruiz and 
Pavon in the British Museum, nor can I find it elsewhere. In the herba- 
rium of Sir Wim. Hooker there are, however, three plants from central 
America that bear much resemblance to it. It cannot be a true Lycium 
on account of the æstivation of its corolla which is valvato-plicative (not 
imbricate) and its lobes are acute with pubescent margins (not rounded and 
smootb); it appears to me that with some others I shall point out, these 
will form a distinct group; they possess a habit widely different from 
Lycium, although they are all spiny shrubs, generally with 1 or 2 violet 
or crimson flowers growing out of the fascicles of rather small fleshy leaves 
that cluster upon the spines; the corolla is usually broader and more 
tubular than in Aenistus or Lycium, with stamens often unequal and in- 
_ cluded ; the calyx has generally acute lobes, and is not pentagonous with 
obtuse lobes as in Aenistus, They offer much resemblance in external 
appearance to the species of Dunalia, above described, but they want the 
intermediate tooth in the corolla and the appendiculate stamens of that 
genus. I propose to call them by the name of Zycioplesium from Lycium, 
and zXgetov, approximatus, It may be said that they should, like the 
Lyciobatos of Endlicher, form a distinct section of Lycium, but on account 
of the æstivation of the corolla, the generic character, so altered to admit 
of them, would necessarily include Aenistus, Salpichroa, Chenesthes, and 
Iochroma; genera decidedly inadmissable. The following is therefore 
offered as the generic character. i 
LyctopLesium, gen. nov. Calyz ovato-campanulatus, 5 dentatus, per- 

sistens, Corolla tubulosa, limbo 5-partito, æstivatione lobis acutis, 
valvato-plicatis, margine tomentosis. Stamina 5, corollæ longitudine, 
ultra basin inserta, subinzqualia, filamentis insertione villosis, vel omnt- 
no glabris; antheris oblongis, 2-lobis basi cordatis longitudine dehis- 
centibus, Ovarium obovatum, 2-loculare, placentis e dissepimento forma- 
tis, multi-ovulatis. Stylus simplex. Stigma bilobo-capitatum. Bacca calyce 
inclusa. Semina numerosa, parva, compressa, reniformia, albuminosa ; 
embryo cylindricus, annularis. 


nutantibus, corollis tubulosis, limbo erecto, marginibus floccosis.— 
ruvia (Tarma). | 


THE FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA. 331 


spiny habit it greatly resembles a Lycium or Grabowskya, 
but, on examining thé flowers I, found it to possess all the 


A shrub 12 feet high, very smooth, leaves including the petiole 14 inch, 
7 lines broad; peduncles 7 lines long; calyx urceolately tubular, 2 lines 
long, with 5 short obtuse lobes, having a small mucro at the apex; - 
corolla tubular, purplish violet, 9 lines long, lobes of border short, 
3-angular, erect, with floccose margins; filaments glabrous, arising above 
the base of the tube where it is pubescent; anthers included within the 
mouth; the style is exserted; the berry is globose, orange coloured. 

2. Lycioplesium nitidum, (n. sp.) :—fruticosum, spinosum ; foliis alternis, 
ovato-oblongis, glaberrimis, crassiusculis, supra lucidis, subtus pallide 
glaucis, rarius in venis tomentosis, margine revolutis, apice obtusis et 
minute'retusis, basi cuneatis, in petiolum brevem attenuatis ; floribus 
binis, pedunculis apice incrassatis, corolla rubro-violacea, staminibus 
exsertis.—Columbia, Pulzhum, in valleculis latere occidentali. (Jameson) 
v. s. in Herb. Hooker). : 

The young shoots (about # inch long) from which the leaves and 
flowers : spring, finally become converted into spines ; the peduncle is 7 lines 
long, and thickened ‘at its apex; the calyx is campanular, 2 lines long, 
about the same breadth, and has 5 short rounded teeth with .a small mu- 
eronate acumen; the corolla is smooth, tubular, 10 lines long, with 5 
$mall erect lobes with a mucronulate apex and floccose margins ; the an- 
thers are oblong, 2-lobed, cordate at base, yellowish green, affixed at 
base, the filaments being inserted above the base of the tube of the 
corolla, where it is densely pubescent. 

3. Lycioplesium ovatum, (n. sp.):—fruticosum, ramis sub-flexuosis, spinosis, 
ferrugineo-tomentosis ; foliis glaberrimis, crassiusculis, ovalibus, utrin- 
que rotundatis, margine revolutis, supra lucidis, subtus pallidioribus, 
breviter petiolatis; floribus solitariis, extra-axillaribus ; eorolla glabra, 

. rubro-flavida, tubo latiori, staminibus inedit Nova Granada, (Gou- 
dot.) v, s. in Herb. Hooker. 

This isa shrub 10 or 12 feet high, with leaves 11 lin. long, 7 lin. broad, 
petiole 2 lin. ; corolla smooth both without and within, except at the place 
of the insertion of the filaments somewhat above its base, where it is 
tomentous ; the lobes of the border are oblong, obtuse, mucronulate at the 
apex, and tomentous on the inflected margins ; filaments glabrous, anthers 
?-lobed, oblong, yellowish green, in thé mouth of the tube; berry black. 
4. Lycioplesium | horridum. Lycium horridum, HBK. 3.52. Lycium par- 

Vifolium, Wild, R. and Sch. 14.698;—suffruticosum, spinosissimum ; 

foliis fasciculatis, obovatis, obtusis, crassiusculis, nitidis ; floribus soli- 

tariis, pendulis; corolla violacea, staminibus subinclusis.—Andibus 

Peruviæ circa Caxamarcam. 

BB2 


332 CONTRIBUTIONS TO 


essential characters of Dunalia. The genus Dunalia, founded 
by Prof. Kunth on a shrubby plant with much the habit of a 
Witheringia, brought from the Cordillera of New Granada 
by Humboldt, was placed by that learned botanist among 
Cestrinee, on account of the resemblance of its flowers to 
those of Cestrum, although he confesses he knew nothing of 
the form of the embryo of its seed. Until this fact be ascer- 
tained it remains doubtful whether it may not with equal 
reason be classed in Solanee, near Salpichroa or Chenesthes, 
which view is much favoured by its numerous ovules seen 
upon the thickened placenta on the dissepiment ; but on the 
other hand it must not be forgotten that some analogy exists 
between the appendiculate processes of the filaments in this 
genus, and the singular projection often seen upon the fila- 


This is said to be a shrub 6 feet high, with many spreading, thick, leaf- 
less branches ; branchlets an inch long, furnished with leaves at base, spi- 
nose at the apex ; leaves fasciculate (4-7), petiolate, 4-6 lin. long (includ- 
ing the petiole 1 lin.) 2-24 lin. broad; flowers subaxillary, peduncles 3-4 
lin. long, filiform, and smooth; calyx semiglobose, obsoletely 5-toothed, 
nearly entire, smooth, with 5 small acute teeth, about 1 line long ; corolla 
smooth, tubular, somewhat curved, 7 lines long, border with 5 equal, acute, 
spreading lobes with ciliate pubescent margins ; stamens inserted at base 
of tube, and equal in length to the corolla, filaments smooth, anthers erect, 
oblong; ovarium conical, smooth; style filiform, smooth, rather longer 
than the stamens ; stigma thickened, green. 

5. Lycioplesium Meyenianum. Lycium (Grabowskya?) Meyeniana, Nees s 
Esenb, Nov, Act. 19 Suppl. 1.390. Atropa spinosa. Meyen, Reise um die 
Erde, 1,416 ;—erectum, rigidum, spinosum ; foliis lanceolatis, obtusis, 
glabris ; floribus solitariis, nutantibus; calyce late campanulato, 5-den- 
tato, 2-plo, 3-plo-ve longiore, corolla violacea, staminibus inclusis.— 
Peruvia, circa Pisacomam, altit. 15,000 ped. 

A handsome shrub, said much to resemble the last mentioned species 
but differing in its smaller lanceolate leaves ; branchlets covered with thick 
white tomentum, 1-14 in. long, often spiny at the apex, bearing fascicles 
of leaves at the base; peduncles axillary, smooth, 6 lines long; caly* 
smooth, 3 lines long, with 5 short equal obtuse teeth, terminated by 4 
woolly cuspidate point; corolla tubular, 15 lines long, with a slightly 
spreading border, having 5 short triangular acute lobes with ciliate mar- 
gins; berry red, twice the size of a pea, globose, partly enclosed within 
the calyx, which now becomes unequally 3-4 cleft. s 


THE FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA. 333 


ment of some species of Cestrum, which appears as if two 

lateral lobes were agglutinated into one salient tooth. 
The following is proposed for its generic character : 

Dunazia Kunth. (char. emend.)— Calyz urceolatus sub- 
pentagonus, 5-dentatus. Corolla hypogyna longe tubulosa 
10-nervia, limbo 5-fido, lobis æstivatione marginibus floc- 
cosis vix induplicatis basi plicatis, dente mucronato erecto 
interjecto. Stamina 5 corolle tubo inserta, inclusa vel 
exserta, filamentis basi dilatatis et pubescentibus, linea 
centrali tubo adnatis, marginibus membranaceis liberis, 
superne glabris, omnino liberis, 3-partitis, laciniis latera- 
libus linearibus acutis erectis, intermedio gracili antheri- 
fero; antheris oblongis, 2-lobis, basifixis, longitudinaliter 
 dehiscentibus.— Ovarium ovatum, 2-loculare, placenti seras- 
sis dissepimento adnatis, multi-ovulatis. Stylus simplex 
exsertus. Stigma emarginato-capitatum. Bacca globosa, 
calyce suffulta, 2-locularis. Semina plurima, reniformia 
compressa. Embryo ignotus. 

Frutices Andicoli Americe meridionalis intertropice ; foliis 
alternis petiolatis, geminis vel fasciculatis, glabris vel pubes- 
centibus ; floribus sub umbellato-fasciculatis vel solitariis, 
extra-axillaribus : corollis albis vel coccineis. 

l. Dunalia solanacea, HBK. 3.55. tab. 194. Dierbachia sola- 
nacea Spreng. Syst. 1.676.—inermis: ramulis tomentosis ; 
foliis alternis, ovato-oblongis, acuminatis, basi inæqualiter 
rotundatis, supra glabris, subtus incanis, stellato tomen- 
tosis; floribus umbellato-fasciculatis ; corollis stellato- 
tomentosis, —N ova Granada. predi 

. Theleaves are said to be about 10 inches long and 4 inches 

broad, on a petiole an inch in length; the calyx does not 
measure a line; the corolla is white, nearly an inch long with 
à narrow slender tube, the lobes of the border being ovate, 
and l-nerved; the stamens are very short, and placed in the 
middle of the tube of the corolla, the lateral appendages 
equalling in length the intermediate antheriferous filament ; 
the style is much longer than the corolla; the berry is glo- 
| bose, glabrous, about the size of a pea. 


334 CONTRIBUTIONS TO 


2. Dunalia lycioides (sp. nov.)—fruticosa, glaberrima; fa- 
mulis horrido-spinosis ; foliis fasciculatis (1-2-3), lanceola- 
to-spathulatis, obtusis, in petiolum decurrentibus ; floribus 
(1-2) nutantibus, staminibus exsertis. — Peruviæ Prov. 
Canta, Tarma et Jauja. (Mathews n. 850) in herb. meo; 
etiam in herb. Hook. cum aliis Columbia (Lobb. n. 255) 
et Bolivia (Pentland). 

This is described to be a shrub 6 or 8 feet high. The 
branches are flexuose, quite smooth with internodes scarcely 
an inch distant, and a single stout, sharp pointed, divaricate 
spine in each axil, 2 inches in length, the older ones being 
bare and sometimes again spiny; the younger ones bearing 
leaves and flowers. The leaves are smooth, fleshy, rounded 
at the apex, and tapering at base into the petiole, they are 9 
lines in length and 24 lines wide; the peduncles are 4 lin. 
long ; the calyx at first slightly pubescent, is urceolate, with 
5 projecting ribs which terminate in as many short teeth, with 
a mucronulate woolly apex. The corolla is broader and about 
the length of the last species, being 10 lines long, smooth, of 
a crimson colour, having a border of 5 short, rather erect 
lobes, with floccose margins, and a narrow intermediate pli- 
cature with tomentose edges and a small erect tooth in the 
centre. The crimson filaments are adnate by a central line 
to the base of the tube of the corolla for one third of its 
length, the upper part being wholly free, the lateral appen- 
dages being short, acute, and only 45th part of the length of 
the antheriferous portion, which is slender and subulate; the 
anthers are oblong, yellow, protruding beyond the mouth of 
the corolla. The fruit is unknown.* | 


ACNISTUS. Schott. 


This genus was first proposed by Schott in 1829 (Wiener 
Zeitschrift 4.1180) upon a Brazilian plant considered to be 
identical with the Cestrum cauliflorum, Jacq. Hort. Schoen 


* A figure of this species is given in plate 2 of the “ Illustrations of 
South American Plants," &c, 


ee 


THE FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA. 335 


3.41 lab. 325. Another species, also confounded with it, had 

been long previously known and figured by Plumier, under 

the name of Belladonna frutescens (tab. 46, f. 1). The authors 
of the Flora Peruviana have given a representation of a fourth 
species, under the name of Lycium aggregatum, (2.45. tab, 

182. f. a.) ; but as the characteristic features of the genus are 

not delineated in the figures above quoted, nor any exact 

details have, to my knowledge, yet been published, I offer the 
following from my own observations. 

Acnistus Schott. (char. reform).—Calyx campanulatus, sub- 
5-gonus, obsolete 5-dentatus. Corolla hypogyna, infundi- 
buliformis, fauce sensim ampliato, limbo 5-partito, patento, 
reflexo, æstivatione lobis margine floccosis, valvato-indu- 
plicativis. Stamina 5, corolle tubo supra basin inserta, 
filamenta simplicia; anthere 2-lobe, longitudinaliter dehis- 
centes, sæpe exsertæ. Ovarium e disco calycino ortum, 2- 
loculare, placentis crassis, dissepimento adnatis, pluri-ovu- 
latis. Stylus simplex. Stigma capitatum, sub-bilabiatum, 
Bacca calyce suffulta, 2-locularis. Semina pauca, renifor- 
mia, compressa; testa rugosa, dura. Embryo intra albu- 
men carnosum, hamato-arcuatus, cotyledonibus semitere- 
tibus, radicula tereti, inferne crassiori fere duplo longiori, 
hilum spectante. 

Frutices Americe tropice, folis alternis, integris, junioribus 
aggregatis ; floribus pedunculatis, in axillis sepe annotinis, 
fasciculatis, rarius in racemis terminalibus ; pedunculis 
apice incrassatis. 
There is very little tenable ground for maintaining this 

genus, as hitherto constituted, distinct from Lycium, there 

being hardly any single character that is not equally common 
to both of them, excepting the hairy tuft at the base of the 
filaments in the one, (and that is a very inconstant feature), 
and the numerous fascicles of flowers in the cicatrices of the 
fallen leaves in the other. An important distinction will, how- 
ever, be found to exist in the æstivation of the corolla. We 
have the respectable authority of Schlechtendabl and Schott, 


336 CONTRIBUTIONS TO 


which has been acceded to by all succeeding botanists, that 
Aenistus possesses an imbricate æstivation. I cannot affirm 
this statement, forin the Brazilian species upon which Schott 
founded this genus, the lobes of the corolla unquestionably 
adhere by their tomentous margins, which are mutually and 
slightly turned in, a mode of æstivation observed in many 
arborescent species of Solanum, and very different from that 
of true Lycium, where the lobes of the corolla offer an imbri- 
cate or quincuncial æstivation. It therefore seems advisable 
to unite with Aenistus, several species hitherto combined with 
Lycium, forming part of the section called Anisodontia by 
G. Don, and Lyciothamnos by Endlicher ; these mostly con- 
sist of spineless trees or shrubs, with large leaves, having 
flowers in umbellate fascicles, and I propose to confine within 
the limit of Lycium proper, those shrubs, mostly with small fas- 
ciculate leaves, whose branchlets terminate in spines, or have 
a tendency to do so, that have only 1 or 2 flowers in each axil, 
and with elements corresponding to the old generic character 
exhibited by Gärtner (de fructu 2.242), with the addition of 
the before mentioned estivation.* 


* The remaining species of Lycium in the section above alluded to, ap- 
pear to me again distinct, approaching very closely to Dunalia, but as 
their filaments want the lateral appendages peculiar to that genus, I pro- 
pose uniting them under the name of CuueNEsTHEs, derived from yawo 
dehisco, £s05c vestis; on account of its tubular calyx splitting by the 
growth of the fruit. This genus will comprise 5 species described by Prof. 
Kunth from the plants brought home from central America by Humboldt 
and Bonpland, together with another hitherto undescribed that exists in 
the herbarium of Sir Wm, Hooker; they are all trees or large shrubs, with 
abundant foliage, growing at great elevations in the vallies of the Andes, 
having generally long crimson, or orange coloured flowers of much 
beauty, the corolla presenting a 5-lobed border, with 5 small teeth in the 
intermediate narrow plicatures, as in Dunalia, and an unequally 5- 
toothed calyx, that somewhat enlarges with the fruit, and splits as above 
mentioned. 

CHÆNESTHES.— Calyx tubulosus, inæqualiter obtuse 5-dentatus, sub 2-lo- 
bus, demum parum auctus, lateraliter fissus, persistens. Corolla hypogyna 
infundibuliformiztubulosa, subincurvata, lobis 5-acutis, margine floc- 


SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS. 337 


It should be remarked that the flowers in most (and I be- 
lieve in all) species of Acnistus possess a very sweet smell. 
1. Acnistus cauliflorus, Schott ;—foliis obovato-oblongis, utrin- 


cosis, æstivatione valvato-induplicativis, basi plicatis, dentibus brevibus 
interjectis. Stamina 5, subinclusa, filamentis basi adnatis, mox liberis, 
gracilibus, erectis, vix exsertis; antheris oblongis, basifixis. Ovarium 
ovatum, 2-loculare. Stylus ‘gracilis, apice incrassatus, exsertus. Stigma 
clavato-bilobum. Bacca obovata, calyce hinc fisso inclusa. Semina 
numerosa, in pulpo nidulantia, rugosa, reniformia, cetera ignota. 

Fratices Andicoli Americe intertropice. Folia alterna, petiolata. Flores 
speciosi, coccinei, vel aurantiaci. Bacca rubra. 

1. Chænesthes fuchsioides. Lycium fuchsioides, H. B. K. 3, 52. Pl. ZEquin. 
tab. 42. Bot. Mag. tab. 4149. Fruticosa; foliis obovato-oblongis, obtu- 
siusculis, glabris ; umbellis extra-axillaribus, terminalibusque, sessilibus, 
multifloribus ; pedicellis glabris, cernuis; calyce 2-lobo, sub 5-dentato, 
lobo altero 3-dentato, vel integro ; corolla coccinea, glabra, filamentis 
basi villosis, dilatatis, inclusis. Quito (in vallem Lloæ), Hall, n. 7. 
Columbia, Jameson. v. s. in Herb. Hooker. 

Bonpland describes tbis to be a shrub 10 or 12 feet high. The leaves 
are smaller than most of the other species, being only 2 in. long, and 9 lin. 
wide, broader towards the top, and narrowing gradually into a petiole of 
6 lin, in length. The calyx is tubular, quite glabrous, about 5 lin. long, 
broadly 2-lobed, the one lobe having a single, sometimes two minute pu- 
bescent teeth, the other having three minute approximate teeth, which are 
downy ; the flowers, according to Bonpland, are of a ** beau rouge,” while 
Colonel Hall states them to be ** orange red ;" they are about 1 inch long, 
tubular, glabrous, with a border of five somewhat erect lobes, with a small 
tooth in each intermediate plicature ; the filaments are crimson, subulate, 
slightly hairy below, inserted near the base of the corolla; the berry is 
Pyriform (not globular), and three times the length of that figured by Bon- 
Pland, 9 lines long, enclosed by the enlarged calyx, which is cleft to the 
base on one side; the seeds are very numerous, but too unripe to discover 
the form of the embryo. The plant found by Prof. Jameson in Columbia 
is hardly to be distinguished from that of Col. Hall, except that in the lat- 
ter, the stamens are somewhat exserted, and the calyx is divided into five 
nearly equal segments, being scarcely bilabiate ; but that difference alone 
can hardly make it a distinct species. Prof. Jameson says it is found abun- 
dantly in the neighbourhood of villages (azogues), where it is used for 
fences, The cultivated specimens described by Sir Wm. Hooker (Bot. Mag. 
tab. 4149), exhibit larger and broader leaves and larger flowers, but the 
calyx is exactly that as above described from Columbia. 

2. Chenesthes umbrosa, Lycium umbrosum. H. B. K. 3, 54. Fruticosa ; 
VOL, VI, — co 


338 ILLUSTRATIONS OF 


que attenuatis, basi cuneatis, in petiolum longum subdecur- 
rentibus, integris, utrinque pubescentibus, demum subgla- 
bris, subtus pallidis; floribus fasciculatis, confertis, longe 


ramulis hirto-pubescentibus ; foliis oblongis, acuminatis, glabriusculis, 

floralibus ovato-rhomboideis; floribus umbellato-fasciculatis, lateraliter 

extra-axillaribus ; corollis coccineis, tubulosis, hirtellis ; staminibus sub- 
inclusis ; stigmate exserto, bilobo.—Nova Granada. Columbia (Hartweg, 

n. 1310). v. s. in Herb. Hooker. 

The leaves are 3 in. long and 24 in. broad, the petiole being 14 in. long ; 
the pedicels are 14 in. long, the calyx 5 lin. the corolla 14 in. long; the 
crimson filaments are adnate to the base for a length of 3 lines, where 
they are downy, thence they are free, tomentous, and dilated below, smooth 
and tapering gradually upwards; the style thickens considerably towards 
its summit. 

3. Cheenesthes gesnerioides. Lycium gesnerioides. H. B. K. 3, 53. Fruti- 
cosa; foliis ovatis, oblongisve, acutis, supra fere glabris, infra pulveru- 
lentis; floribus umbellato-congestis; calyce 5 dentato ; corolla auran- 
tiaca, pubescenti, filamentis pubescentibus.— Peruvia, Prov. Chachapoyas 
(Mathews). v. s. in Herb. Hooker. 

In this species the leaves are about the size of C. fucAsioides, the flowers 
are in fascicles, with slender pedicels swelling at the summit, 14 in. long 
and tomentous; the calyx is short, unequally 5-toothed, 2-lobed, the one 
having sometimes 3 teeth, often truncated; the corolla of an orange-red 
colour, is covered with soft, dense, yellowish down, and is 14 in. long; 
the anthers are half exserted; the style being somewhat longer, and the 
stigma capitate and bilobed. 

4. Chænesthes Zozensis. Lycium Loxense, H. B. K, 3, 53. Arborea ; ramu- 
lis pubescenti-tomentosis ; foliis ovatis, acuminatis, utrinque puberulis ; 
umbellis multifloribus, subaxillaribus et terminalibus, sessilibus ; corollis 
flavis ? tubulosis, pubescentibus, limbo 5-partito, lobis brevibus, dentibus 
minimis interjectis; staminibus inclusis.—Peruvia prope Loxam. : 

6. Chænesthes cornifolia. Lycium cornifolium, H, B. K. 3, 54. Arborea ; 
ramulis canescenti-tomentosis ; foliis subrotundato-ovatis, subacuminatis 
complicatis, supra puberulis, subtus molliter fuscescenti-tomentosis ; flo- 
ribus umbellato-fasciculatis, subaxillaribus ; calyce pentagono, inæquali- 
ter obtuse 5-dentato ; corollis tubulosis, flavis? hirtellis ; staminibus 
inclusis, —Quito, 

6. Chænesthes istos. (sp. nov.) Fruticosa ; ramulis cano-vel subferru- 
gineo-floccosis ; foliis lanceolatis, acuminatis, supra parce pubescentibus, 
infra pallidioribus, floccoso-tomentosis, petiolo caniculato, tomentos0 ; - 
umbellis brevibus, multifloribus ; calyce urceolato, 5-dentato, mollissime - 
pubescenti, pilis floccosis ; corolla subcurvata, parce puberula lobis mať- 


SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS. 339 


pedunculatis; corollis pubescentibus, staminibus breviter 

exsertis.—Rio de Janeiro et in Insulis Antillanis. 

This species, which is widely disseminated throughout 
tropical South America, is considered by Schlechtendahl and 
_ others as identical with the three following; but as it differs in 
. many respects, I have kept it distinct. The leaves are more 


ginibus floccosis; antheris lineari-oblongis, subinclusis,—Paramo de 

Quindui, Nova Granada (Goudot), v. s. in Herb. Hooker. 

The leaves are 54 in. long and 14 in. broad, on a petiole 1 in. long, with 
many divergent parallel veins. The stalk of the umbel does not exceed 
3 lin., the calyx 3 lin., on a pedicel of 9 lin. long ; the corolla seems of a 
crimson colour, the tube slightly curved, about 14 in. long and 4 lin, broad ; 
the filaments are adnate to the base of the corolla for the length of 6 lin. 
where they are tomentous ; they then become free, are pubescent below, 
slender and glabrous upwards, and of a crimson colour; the anthers are 
half exserted. T : i 


Iocuroma, Benth. 


‘With Sir Wm. Hooker's kind permission I add here a new species of 
Mr. Bentham's beautiful genus lochroma, in addition to the three species 
enumerated in the Bot, Reg. 1845, tab. 20. 

4. Iochroma macrocalyz (sp. nov.) ; Suffruticosa ; foliis rhomboideo-ovatis, 
utrinque molliter pubescentibus, subtus pallidis; floribus umbellato- 
fasciculatis ; calyce tubo magno, ventricoso, ore constricto, 5-dentato, 
2-lobo, lobo altero 3-dentato ; corolla magna, speciosa, cyanza, hirtella, 
staminibus inclusis. (Tas. XIII, XIV).— Quito, in vallem Lloz (Hali). 
v. 8. in herb. Hooker. 

This is a very handsome species, with large elliptic leaves, of a some- 
what rhomboidal form, broader above the middle, and tapering gradually - 
to the petiole, which is 1 inch long; they are 54 in. long and 3 in. broad, 
.  Winutely punctulate above, with a few scattered downy hairs on each side ; 

. the umbels are sessile in flower, pedunculated in fruit ; the calyx is 13 in. 
long, 5 lines in diameter in the mouth, and swelling in the middle to 9 lin. ; 
the corolla is long, tubular, and somewhat curved, 2$ to 25 in. long, of a 
`“ dark purple colour,” its border is much expanded, its 5 lobes having floc- 
cose and ciliato-erose margins, with a broad intervening plicature between 
_ tach, which is a character common to the other species, Another feature 

. Seems to belong to all the species of this genus, the upper surface of the 
leaves is covered with very minute raised dots, 

Tab. XIII, XIV, f. L Corolla; f. 2. the same laid open; f. 3. Fruit; ali 


340 ILLUSTRATIONS OF 


elliptic, with comparatively longer petioles, the stamens less 
exserted, the corolla more slender, with a proportionally longer 
tube, which is pubescent, the anthers are apiculated, the style 
far exserted, the peduncles glabrous, longer, and more slen- 
der. A specimen in Sir William Hooker's herbarium, from 
the Island of St. Vincent's is not distinguishable from the 

Brazilian specimens.* 

2. Acnistus arborescens, Schlecht. Linn. 7, 67. Atropa arbo- 
rescens, Lin. Lam. Dict. 1. 396. Cestrum cauliflorum, Jacq. 
Hort. Schen. 3, 41, tab. 325.—Arbusculus, ramis pubescen- 
tibus, vix tomentosis; foliis oblongis, utrinque attenuatis, 
breviter petiolatis, integerrimis, supra cano-pubescentibus, 
demum glabris, infra albo-tomentosis: floribus umbel- 
lato-fasciculatis: corolla tubo brevi, lata; staminibus 1 
longe exsertis.—In Insulis Antillanis. (v. s.in herd. Hook. 
sp. in hort. cult.) 

This species is sufficiently distinct from the others in the 
form of its flowers, which are well shown in Jacquin's figure, 
where the leaves are not represented longer than 3 or 4inches, 
but in Sir W. Hooker's cultivated specimen they are 9 inches 
long, upon a petiole of 1 inch, they are 4% in. broad, quite 
smooth on both sides; the pedicels are slender, the corolla 
quite glabrous, very short, and broader in proportion than 
any other species (4 to 5 lin. in length, 2 lin. in diameter), the 
calyx is smooth and membranaceous, and the stamens far 
exserted. 

3. Acnistus Plumieri. Belladonna frutescens, Plum. Amer. 
tab. 46, f.1. Arbusculus, ramis glabris; foliis longe lan- 
ceolatis undulatis, utrinque attenuatis, breviter petiolatis ; 
floribus umbellato-fasciculatis, exalbidis. 

This species, hitherto confounded with the preceding, dif- 
fers in the size and shape of the leaves, and in its flowers 
The leaves are from 10 to 12 in. long, and 3 in. broad, upon 


* For the details of the generic features of Acnistus, and a figure of the 3 
above species, see plate 2 of the “Illustrations of South American 
Plants, etc," 


SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS. 341 


petiole 9 lin. in length ; the corolla is white, with a much longer 

and narrower tube ; the calyx is deeply cleft into 5 acute lobes. 

4. Acnistus aggregatus. Lycium aggregatum. R. & P., 2, 45, 
tab. 182, a. Cestrum campanulatum, Lam. Dict. 1, 688. 
Lycium arborescens, Hook. Spreng. Syst. 1, 701. Hook. 
Bot. Mise. 2, 232.—Frutex leviter tomentosus, canescens ; 
foliis primum fasciculatis, demum sparsis, oblongis, utrin- 
que acutis, undulatis, integerrimis, supra subglabris, subtus 
incano vel flavido-tomentosis: floribus umbellato-fascicu- 
latis, corolla alba, tubo brevi, lobis macula viridi notatis, 
staminibus vix exsertis.—Peruvia. v. s. in herb. Hook. 

The leaves are from 3 to 6 in. long, and 1} to 21 in. broad, 
more elliptic: the calyx and corolla are both pubescent, the 
lobes of the former being short and obtuse. 

5. Acnistus Guayaquilensis, G. Don. Lycium Guayaquilense, 
H. B. K. 3, 50:—foliis elliptico-oblongis, acutis, supra 
parce puberulis, subtus molliter cano-tomentosis ; umbellis 
extra-axilaribus, sessilibus; calyce pentagono; corolla 
alba; staminibus exsertis.— Guayaquil. 

In this species the leaves are described by Kunth to be 
from 6 to 7 in. long, and 23 to 3 in. wide, on a petiole $ in. 
long; the flowers are about the size of those of Lycium Euro- 
peum, and of a sweet smell, as in the preceding species. 

6. Acnistus floribundus, G. Don. Lycium floribundum, H. B. K. 
3, 51 :—foliis oblongis, acutis, glabris, infra pubescentibus; 
umbellis extra-axillaribus, sessilibus, approximatis ; flori- 
bus precedenti majoribus ; corolla alba, extus pubescenti ; 
staminibus exsertis.—In Andibus Peruvianis, ad Caxamar- 
cam. 

The leaves of this species are from 2 to 3 in. long, on a 
petiole of 3 to 4 lin., the flowers somewhat smaller than those 
of the species last described, are more numerous in each fas- 
cicle, of a sweet smell, upon smooth pedicels, which are from 
5 to 6 lin. long, and thickening towards the calyx. 

7. Acnistus spathulatus, G. Don. Lycium spathulatum, R. & P. 

2, 46, tab. 183, a :—glaber, ramis angulatis; foliis obovato- 

spathulatis, dispersis, vel fasciculatis, in petiolum longum 


349 ILLUSTRATIONS OF 


decurrentibus; umbellis subaxillaribus sessilibus; corolle 

lobis acutis, pubescentibus.—Huanuco Peruviæ. v. s. in 

Herb. Hooker. (Mathews, n. 849). 

This is described as a shrub, 8 to 10 feet high; the leaves, 
including the decurrent petiole, are 5 in. long and 14 in. broad, 
the pedicels are thicker above; the flowers are of a violet hue, 
and the filaments pubescent at base. 

8. Acnistus sideroæyloides, G. Don. Atropa sideroxyloides, 
Wild. in R. et Sch. 4. 686:—folis oblongo-ovatis, utrin- 
que acutis, infra pubescentibus; umbellis lateralibus, ses- 
silibus.—Peruvia ad ripas fluv. Magdalene. 

9. Acnistus ramiflorus, (sp. nov.); ramulis pallidis, glabris, 
verruculosis; foliis oblongis, utrinque attenuatis; nodis 
annotinis floriferis, valde approximatis; floribus plurimis, 
umbellato-fasciculatis ; pedicellis gracilibus ; corolla glabra, 
lobis margine tomentosis; staminibus styloque 2-lobo ex- 
sertis.—In Insula San Vincenti. v. s. in Herb. Hooker. 
This is a very distinct species, remarkable for its proximate 

floriferous internodes, which are not more than half an inch 

apart. The leaves are 81 in. long, and 3$ in. broad, on a pe- 
tiole 14 in. long; the flowers are numerous in each fascicle, 
the pedicels being 6 to 9 lin. long: the corolla is smooth. 

10. Acnistus Benthami. Lycium macrophyllum, Benth.—Caule 
argenteo, foliis subfasciculatis, oblongis, utrinque cuneatis, 
supra glabris, subtus incano-puberulis ; floribus in axillis 
annotinis fasciculatis; corolle lobis ciliatis; stamini- 
bus exsertis.— Mexico. v. s. im herb. Hooker (Hartweg, 
n. 368). 

A species nearly approaching A. spathulatus in the size of 
its leaves, which are 4 in. long, and 14 in. broad, on a pote 

1 in. long :—the pedicels measure 1 inch. 

11. Acnistus wmbellatus. Lycium umbellatum. R. & P. 2,45, 
tab. 182, 6: foliis oblongo-lanceolatis, longe petiolatis, - 
subglabris, subtus pulverulentis; floribus umbellato-fasci- 
culatis, pedicellis flori æqualibus, corolla violacea, lobis — 
acutis, filamentis glabris, inclusis.— Canta Peruvie. v. $. 


SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS. 343 


in herb. Hooker (Mathews, 1836. Provincia Chachapoyas ; 

: 1840. Caxamarca, n. 3244). 

E The leaves are 32 in. long, and 12 in. broad, on a petiole of 

.  9lin.; the pedicels are 14 in. long; the corolla has a tube 

7 lin. dnd a border 4 lin. in length. 

12. Acnistus cestroides. Lycium cestroides. Schlecht. Linn. 
7, 70: ramulis pubescentibus, interdum spinescentibus ; 
foliis late lanceolatis, utrinque acutis, glabris; floribus um- 
bellato-fasciculatis; pedunculis apice incrassatis; corolla 
glabra, lobis brevibus, obtusis, margine tomentosis ; stami- 
nibus inæqualibus, inclusis.—Banda Oriental, in San José 
de Uruguay. (Sellow). 

Thisis said to be a bushy shrub, with flexuose branches, 
the younger ones downy, short (some of them almost spiny 
at the apex), bearing fascicles of young leaves, and almost 
umbellate clusters of flowers; the leaves have short petioles, 
measuring altogether 2 to 23 in long, and 8 to 10 lin. broad, 
the petiole being semiterete and pulvinate at base, out of a 

short tubercle; when in flower the peduncles are 3 lines, in 

- fruit 5 lines long ; the calyx is 14 lin. long, having short lobes 

With a subulate tooth at the apex ; the corolla is 8 lin. long; 

the berry is globose, red, 3 lin. diameter; the seed with its 

embryo agrees with the character of that given in the typical 
species, 

13. Aenistus ellipticus, Hook. fil. ined.—Fruticosus; foliis 
ellipticis, utrinque attenuatis et glabris, floribus paucis, fas- 
ciculatis, pedicellis longis; corolla extus cano-pubescenti, 

. lobis brevissimis, staminibus inclusis, medio tubi insertis. 
— Insula Galapagos (Darwin). 

This is a very distinct species, with smooth elliptic leaves, 

3% in. long, 1i in. broad, with a channelled petiole 4 in. 

long; the flowers 3 or 4 in a fascicle, grow out of the 

cicatrices of the fallen leaves; the peduncle being 14 in. long, 
considerably thickened towards the summit; the calyx is 
about 3 lin. long, with short, unequal, rade ons the 

Corolla is tubular, about 8 lines long. 


344 ILLUSTRATIONS OF 


Species dubia. 


14. Acnistus grandiflorus. Lycium grandiflorum. Wild. in R. 
et Sch. 4, 689 :—foliis ellipticis ; calycibus 3-lobis.—Ca- 
raccas. 


HiMERANTHUS. 


'The Jaborosa runcinata of Jussieu has very properly been 
separated from the Jaborosa integrifolia, Comm. and consti- 
tuted as a new genus by Prof. Endlicher under the name of 
Himeranthus (Gen. Plant. n. 3860) ; but as that distinguished 
botanist probably had no opportunity of seeing the plant in 
its living state, his character is incomplete in some of its 
essential features. I therefore propose the following as its 
true limits, and annex the details of two other species that I 
met with. | | 
HixERANTHUS, Endl. (char. reform.)—Calyz 5-fidus. Corolla 

hypogyna campanulato-tubulosa, limbo patenti 5-partito, 

æstivatione plicato. Stamina 5 nunc fauci subsessiles, nunc 

e medio corolle orta, tubo hinc ad calcem lineolis totidem 


utrinque pilis divergentibus notato; filamenta brevissima - 


inferne subtenues, apice incrassati in connectivum magnum 
gibbum producta; antheræ bilobe, dorso affixe, longitudi- 
naliter dehiscentes. Ovarium 2-loculare, placentis dissep!- 
mento adnatis, multi-ovulatis. Stylus simplex, apice pet 


foratus. Stigma clavatum, sub 2-5-lobum. Bacca calyce - P 
suffulta 2-locularis. Semina plurima, reniformia. Embryo 


intra albumen carnosum sub annularis. 


Herbæ Bonarienses, glabre inferne radicantes, superne sub we à 
scendentes ; foliis magnis, collo radicali congestis, ooa à 


eroso-vel sublyrato-sinuatis, petiolatis ; pedunculis later ali- 
bus, solitariis, unifloris. 


1. Himeranthus runcinatus, Endl. Jaborosa runcinata, Link EC 
& Otto, Ic. Select. tab. 48, Hook. Bot. Misc. 1, 348 sepu : 
oblongis, lyrato-sinuatis; pedunculo petiolo vix longiori _ 


Ronaria. 


EE ON n S 


SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS. 345 


I found this plant in 1825, at Arecife, 120 miles westward 
of Buenos Ayres; it seems to correspond with the Jaborosa 
runcinata of Link and Otto; but as Sir Wm. Hooker justly 
observes, it has no upright stem, as figured by these authors, 
for the leaves and peduncles proceed at once from the collar 
at the summit of the root. The plant seems to propagate 
itself by running suckers which at intervals strike root into 
the ground, where they form new plants. The leaves vary 
from 2 to 3 inches in length, and 14 to 2 in. in breadth; the 
petioles being about an inch, and the peduncles about 15 in. 
long; at times they are somewhat larger. The calyx is sub- 
fleshy, with 5 equal, acute, erect, persistent lobes. The co- 
rolla is campanular, somewhat contracted in the mouth, the 
border being 5-partite, with oblong acuminate lobes, and a 
plicate æstivation ; it is of a yellowish white colour, fleshy, 
quite glabrous outside, and hairy at base within. The stamens 
have very short filaments inserted below the mouth, expand- 
ing into a thick fleshy connective, to which the 2-celled anther, 
bursting longitudinally, is dorsally attached. The ovarium is 
green, globular, half immersed in the fleshy torus; the style 
is simple, white, slightly curved, and is distinctly tubular at 
the summit to some depth; the stigma is clavate, and indis- 
tinctly 2-lobed. I met with no seed sufficiently advanced to 
show any indication of the embryo, the character of which I _ 
have stated on the authority of Endlicher.* 

From the above description it will bé seen that the genus 
Himeranthus is very distinct from the Jaborosa of Jussieu, 
_ founded originally upon the plant discovered by Commerson, 
Which is the only species known, and which has been very 
accurately described and figured by Sir Wm. Hooker, (Bot. 
Mag. tab, 3489), from living specimens raised in Glasgow, 
_ from seeds sent home by Mr. Tweedie.t. 


c drawing of this species is given in plate 4, a. of the “ Illustrations 
of South American Plants.” 

= tI did not find any specimen of Jaborosa during my journey, but judg- 

ing from the excellent figure above mentioned and the dried specimens | 


346 ILLUSTRATIONS OF |. 


2. Himeranthus erosus (n. sp.) ;—foliis subintegris, vel eroso- 
sinuatis, carnosulis, petiolatis, petiolo crasso sulcato; pe- 
dunculo petiolo 3-plo-longiori ; corolle lobis integris, acu- 
tis.—In Provincia Bonariensi. 

I found this plant at some considerable distance from Bue- 
nos Ayres; the leaves are more than double the length of 
the former species, comparatively broader, more entire, the 
petiole being about 23 in.long, very fleshy, semiterete, with 
slightly decurrent margins. The peduncles are from 4 to 6 in. 
long; the flowers are larger, the tube of the corolla not so 
much contracted in the mouth, and the segments of the bor- 
derlarger in proportion; the filaments are nearly half the 
length of the tube of the corolla, are fixed about the middle 
above the villous lines described in the last species; the style 
is hollow at the apex for one-sixth of its length, and the stig- 
ma, with three expanded, obtuse, and almost obsolete lobes, 
is exserted. Specimens of this plant existin Sir William 
Hooker's herbarium, gathered by Dr. Gillies.* 

3. Himeranthus ¢ridentatus (n. sp.) ;—foliis ovatis, angulato- 


have seen, I subjoin what I consider to be an amended character of this 

genus, 

Janonosa, Juss.—Calyz 5-fidus, Corolla hypogyna, tubo longissimo infun- 
dibuliformi, limbo plicato, 5-partito, laciniis longis, valde acuminatis 
Stamina 5, corollze fauci inserta, inclusa, sessilia, filamentis ad tubum 
corolle arcte concretis; antheris dorso insertis, connectivo apiculatis, 
longitudinaliter dehiscentibus. Ovarium 2-loculare, placentis dissepi- 
mento insertis, multi-ovulatis. Stylus simplex longe exsertus. Stigmata 
5, longe linearia, erecta, Bacca calyce suffulta 2-locularis. Semina plu- 
rima, subreniformia. Embryo ignotus, 

Herba Bonariensis subacaulis, prostrata, radicans ; foliis integerrimis, oblon- - 
gis, petiolatis ; pedunculis longis, solitariis, 1-floris. 

1. Jaborosa integrifolia, Juss. Lam. Dict. 3, 189, tab. 114. Hook. Bot. 
Misc. 1. 347. Bot. Mag. tab. 3489.—Bonaria. 

In order to exhibit more strikingly the difference between the two genera - 

I have placed in juxta-position with Himeranthus erosus in plate 5 of the 

“ Illustration of South American Plants," Sir Wm. Hooker's representa- 

tion of Jaborosa integrifolia. | 
* A representation of this species is given in Tab. 5, A. in the “ Illustra- 

tions of South American Plants,” 


SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS. 347 


sinuatis ; pedunculo petiolo 2-plo longiori; corolle lobis 

oblongis, obtusis, 3-dentatis.—Bonaria. 

This species I found also in the province of Buenos Ayres, 
in 1826, the only specimen of which was afterwards much 
destroyed, but I preserved the drawing made on the spot.* 
The leaves are far more membranaceous and more entire than 
the former species. The lobes of the corolla are longer, 
broader, more obtuse, and 3-dentate. 


DonvsTi1GMA. 


Among the plants that I found in my last rapid journey 
over the lofty chain of the Andes, in 1825, were two species, 
one of which was also collected about the same time by Doc- 
tor Gillies, from whose specimens it was figured and well 
described by Sir William Hooker in his Bot. Misc. 1, 347, 
lab. 71, under the name of Jaborosa caulescens. The differ- 
ence in the stamens and the stigma, the presence of stipular 
bracts, a somewhat ascending stem, and a far more rigid and 
dry habit, constitute the ground upon which I propose to 
Separate it from Jaborosa, from which genus it differs far more 
strikingly than Himeranthus. The following is offered as its 
generic character, its name being derived from Aopv hasta, 
and svypa. on account ofits lance-shaped stigma. 
Dorysriema, (gen. nov.).—Calyz profunde 5-fidus. Corolla 
-~ hypogyna, infundibuliformi-tubulosa, intus hirsuta, limbo 

plicato, 5-partito. Stamina 5, corollae fauci inserta, inclusa ; 
. filamenta breves; antheræ virides, oblongæ, 2-lobe, late- - 

raliter valde compressæ, incurvæ, apice acuminate, longitu- 
dinaliter dehiscentes, basi affixee. Ovarium 2-loculare, pla- 
centis dissepimento adnatis, multi-ovulatis, S/ylus simplex, 
inclusus. Stigma magnum, crassum, stylo utrinque adna- 
. tum, acutum, lanceolato-obcordiforme. Bacca calyce suf- 
fulta, 2-locularis. Semina plurima reniformia. Embryo 
intra albumen carnosum filiformis, annularis. 
Herba: Andicole, inferne radicantes, prostrate, vel subadscen- 


* The above species is also figured in the same work, tab. 4. B. 


348 ILLUSTRATIONS OF 


dentes ; foliis petiolatis, subternis, lyratis, vel pinnatifido- 

laciniatis, denticulatis; pedunculis extra-azillaribus, soli- 

tariis, 1-floris, bracteatis. 

1. Dorystigma caulescens. Jaborosa caulescens, Hook. Bot. 
Misc. loc. cit.;—caulibus plurimis; folis suboppositis vel 
ternis, lyrato-pinnatifidis, spinuloso-dentatis, petiolatis; 
floribus 3-4 in quaque axilla ; pedunculis brevibus ; bracteis 
parvis, subulatis.—In Andibus Chilensium. 

Sir William Hooker's above mentioned figure affords 
so admirable a representation of this plant, and is accom- 
panied by so good a description, that it is needless to 
make any further remark, than that the bracts are scarcely 
half an inch long, very slender, and subulately acuminate. 
Excepting in their relative size, there is little difference in the 
flower of this and the following species; the mouth and seg- 
ments of the corolla are densely lined within with tomentum, 
the hairs being articulated ; the anthers have a distinct mucro- 
nate apex, and the filaments are somewhat longer.* 

2. Dorystigma squarrosum, (n. sp.) ; Jaborosa decurrens (Nob. 
Trav. Chile, 2, 531);—foliis subternis, longe petiolatis, irre- 
gulariter pinnatifido-laciniatis, laciniis eroso-denticulatis, 

. petiolo alato, pedunculo duplo longiori; bracteis longissi- 
mis, lineari-spathulatis, pedunculo fere æqualibus.—In An- 
dibus Chilensium, altitudine 12,000 ped. 

This plant was found by me in January, 1825, in another 
and far more elevated portion of the Cordillera, near the sum- 
mit of the Cumbre; although exposed to the bleak drying 
winds prevalent in that great altitude, it is larger in its general 
proportions than the former species, and is remarkable for the 
great difference in the length of its bracts. The root is 
fusiform, and from its summit arise several stems, which are 
somewhat prostrate and ascending. The leaves have a blade 
about 3 in, long and 1 in. broad at the widest part, quite 
smooth, light green, opaque, and more coriaceous than fleshy 


* A representation of this plant, with ample sectional details, is givenin 
the “ Illustrations of South American Plants," plate 6. A. ee 


SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS. 349 


in consistence; the petiole is about 3 in. long, fleshy, round 
beneath, flat above, with a somewhat broad decurrent ciliated 
margin ; the leaves are generally ternate, and the united bases 
of the foot-stalks give a knotty form to the axils, which are 
about 3 in. apart. The number of peduncles and bracts gene- 
rally correspond with that of the leaves. It may be doubted 
whether the slender leaflets seen in the axils should be consi- 
dered as bracts or stipules, neither of which organs are usually 
met with in the Solanaceous group of plants; but I have 
adopted the view of Sir Wm. Hooker, who considers them as 
bracts, which is justified by the circumstance of their being 
always seen rather within the line of the petioles; they are 
linear, slender at base, about 1} in. long, swelling at the ex- 
tremity into a spathulate blade, with a long cuspidate point. 
The peduncles are round, rather slender, about 14 in. long, 
somewhat erect, 1-flowered. The calyx is persistent, swelling 
about the torus, somewhat membranaceous above, and divided 
into 5 equal, long, tapering, erect segments, furnished with 
long articulate pubescence. The corolla is of a lurid cream- 
colour below the border, which is white, both externally and 
within, where it is covered with woolly tomentum; the tube 
is funnel-shaped, rather more than } in. long, the border 
being divided into 5 rather acute, expanding lobes, which are 
Somewhat plicate at base; the anthers are almost sessile, and 
fixed by their base below the mouth of the corolla, they are 
deeply 2-lobed and laterally compressed, so that they stand 
. out in a circular ring around the stigma, they are of a lurid 
green, and burst in front somewhat laterally by a longitudinal 
fissure, throwing out a yellowish-coloured pollen. Mhe ova- 
rium is globular, somewhat flattened at the summit, and 
divided into 2, 3, or 5 indistinct lobes. The style is erect, 
cylindrical, somewhat enlarging at its extremity. The stigma is 
. Oblong, cordate at base, tapering, obtuse at apex, formed of 2 
indistinct flattened adnate lobes, fleshy, green, and shining. 
The berry is cernuous, fleshy, and 2-celled ; the seeds are flat- 
tened, reniform, subrhomboidal, with a marginal hilum; the 
testa is somewhat fleshy and rugous; the embryo is slender, 


350 ILLUSTRATIONS OF 


filiform, almost annular, and imbedded in fleshy albumen ; the 
radicle, which points toward the hilum, is very long, straight 
at the extremity, and bent above; the cotyledons are short, 
slender, semiterete, curved, and terminate near the extremity 
of the radicle.* 


/ 


'TRECHONJZETES. 


Among the few interesting plants gathered in my journey 
over the Cordillera in the January, 1825, was one found upon 
the eastern descent of the Cumbre, towards Las Cuevas, at an 
altitude of 11,500 feet, in a very dry and arid situation, which 
circumstance suggested the above generic name, from rpnx@ 
locus asper, vaérns incola. Specimens of the same plant have 
lately been sent to this country by Mr. Bridges; and as it has 
not been yet described, I now offer the result of my long 
recorded observations, from which it will be seen to possess 
characters very distinct from Jaborosa and its congeners. 
TRECHON&TES, (gen. nov.).—Calyz 5-partitus. Corolla hypo- 

gyna, late campanulata, limbo plicato, 5-partito, laciniis 

latis, acutis. Stamina omnino libera, inclusa ; filamenta 

. longa, filiformia, imo tubi adnata; antheræ connectivo nullo, 
dorso affixee, 2-lobæ, rotundate, basi divaricatæ, longitudi- 
naliter dehiscentes, Ovarium rotundum, toro carnoso ortum, 
2-loculare, placentis dissepimento adnatis, multi-ovulatis. 
Stylus filiformis, subexsertus, apice incrassatus. Stigma 
capitatum, lamellis 2 magnis, reflexis, corrugatis, adnatis. 
Bacca ignota. 

Herbæ Andicole, pubescentes, inferne radicantes; caulibus 
plurimis, prostratis, vie adscendentibus ; foliis pinnatifido- 
laciniatis, dentatis ; pedunculis eztra- axillaribus, folio multo 
brevioribus; floribus solitariis, vel fasciculatis ; bracteis 
linearibus. 

I Trechonætes laciniata. Jaborosa laciniata (Olim. Nob. Trav. 
Chile, 2, 531) ;—caulibus plurimis, brevibus, subadscendenti- | 


* A figure of this species, with full details, is given in plate 6 6. B. of at : 
‘ Illustrations of South American Plants." 


SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS. 351 


bus; foliis subcoriaceis, pinnatifido-laciniatis, lobis dentatis, 

acutis ; floribus subsolitariis ; pedunculis extra-axilleribus, 

bractea brevi tenui subulata apice lanata instructis.—In 

Andibus altissimis Chilensibus. 

This curious plant is evidently allied to-the Jaborosa group 
of Solaneæ, but it has an aspect very different from the others, 
both in its general pubescence and more lurid hue, as wellas 
by its broad, duller, campanular flowers, with stamens quite 
free and insertedin the base of the corolla. The stem is fusiform, 
extending horizontally in the stony soil, from which radiate 
several half prostrate branching stems, whose axils are distinct 
although approximate; the leaves are sometimes alternate, 
sometimes subopposite; the petioleis fleshy, round below, 
flattened or caniculate above, with broad decurrent margins, 
and about 2 in.long ; the blade is about 2 or 21 in. long, and 
1} in. broad at the extreme points ; they are deeply and some- 
what pinnately laciniate, the segments being rather narrow, 
somewhat parallel and roundish, the margin being sometimes 
.  fhüre, with a cuspidate apex, but more generally sharply 

toothed with intervening sinuosities; they are somewhat erect, 
. Covered with long soft pubescence, the hairs being composed 
_ 9fseveral broad articulations; the peduncles are about half 
the length of the petioles, and round ; the calyx is divided into 
five rather acute segments, very pubescent outside, glabrous 
_ Within; the corolla is broadly campanulate, the tube being 
_ Slightly pubescent on both sides; the lobes are ovate, acute, 
_ terminated at the apex by a somewhat terete woolly spur, the 
_ Margins being whitish, membranaceous, the more central por- 
. fon as well as the tube being marked with numerous purplish 
. brown reticulations, and a few scattered hairs; the filaments 
_ *teslender, nearly the length of the tube of the corolla, quite 
; free to the base, whence they originate from a small adnate 
nng; they are.smooth and slightly pubescent at base, erect, 
and curving downward toward the apex; the anthers, which 
are thus inverted, consist of two nearly globular adnate lobes, 
divaricate at base, bursting longitudinally by lateral fissures ; 
^y are without any sensible connective, and are fixed dor- 


359 ILLUSTRATIONS OF 


sally near the base, on the apex of the filament. The ovarium 
is round, pubescent, and partially imbedded in the fleshy 
torus, is 2-celled, with many ovules, adnate to a central en- 
largement of the dissepiment ; the stigma is clavate, consist- 
ing of 2 adnate corrugated lobes. At the time I collected 
this plant, there was no indication of fruit, nor is any seen in 

Mr. Bridges's specimens, but from analogy it may be assumed 

to be a berry.* 

2. Trechonetes sativa (n. sp.) ;—caulibus plurimis, confertis, 
subadscendentibus, pubescentibus ; foliis ternis, inæquali- 
bus, oblongis, angulato-sinuatis, vel pinnatifido-laciniatis, 
laciniis angulato-sinuatis, lobis mucrone glanduioso apicu- 
latis, utrinque parce pilosulis; floribus plurimis, peduncu- 
latis, aggregatis, pubescentibus, bracteis totidem spathulatis, 
integris, subglabris.—In Andibus Provinciæ Tucumanensis. 
v. 8. in herb. Hooker, a Tweedio lecta, n. 1253. 

This plant, according to Tweedie, is cultivated in Tucuman, 
where it is * used as mustard," from which it may be inferred 
that the seeds have a pungent taste, for no part of the dried 
plant exhibits any such flavour. 1t grows in broad patches 
about a foot high ; the stems are covered with soft hairs, and 
the axils are about 3in. apart; the leaves, 3 in each axil, are 
of unequal size, the largest being 7 in. long, including the 
rather short decurrent petiole, and 4in. wide; these are pin- 
nately laciniate; the smaller ones are about 4 in. long and 
23 in. broad, and are angularly sinuate. Numerous flowers 
are crowded together in a fascicle on one side of each axil, the 
peduncles being 9 lin. long, with a glabrous, spathulate bract, 
at the base of each, from 2 to 9 lin. long. "The calyx is 
deeply cleft into 5 acuminate, subulate, membranaceous, 
green segments, pilose, 2 lin. long. The corolla is of a dusky 
green, less than half the size of that of the former species, 
sparsely covered with long, soft pubescence, broadly campanu- 
late, submembranaceous, veined, and deeply divided into 5 


* A representation of this species is given in plate 7 of the “ Illustrations 
of South American Plants." 


THE FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA. 353 


ovate, acute lobes, with undulated margins, and terminated 
by a woolly rostrate apex; the stamens are included; the 
filaments, entirely free, slender, glabrous, erect, and re- 
curved at the summit, arise from the points of a slender, 
adnate, 5-toothed ring in the base of the corolla; the anthers 
are ovate, cordate, 2-lobed. The ovarium is round and smooth ; 
the style short and thick; the stigma clavate, broad, and 2- 
lobed. 


PIONANDRA. 


Under this name I propose to found a genus comprising 
some Solanaceous small trees and arborescent shrubs with 
wide spreading branches, and long racemes of flowers, 
similar to three species that I found in the Organ Mountains 
in 1829 and 1838. The Witheringia diploconos,* figured by 
Von Martius in his Nov. Gen. et Sp. vol. 111. p. 76, tab. 229, 
evidently belongs to this genus, the characters of which may 
be thus defined. 

PronanpRra (gen. nov.) Calyx parvus, 5-partitus, persistens. 
Corolla hypogyna, tubo brevissimo, limbo amplo, 5-partito, 
lobis 5 subcarnosis basi inflatis vel lanceolatis tenuioribus, 
&stivatione marginibus (fere valvatis) introflexis, interdum 
mucroni lineari rostratis. Stamina 5, æqualia, circa stylum 
conniventes ; filamenta breves, erecta, ex annulo plus 
minusve carnoso tubo adnato orta, crassa, lata, sæpissime 
utrinque auriculata, nunc figura sigmoidea recurvata, nunc 


* The genus Witheringia, according to the latest arrangement in the 
. Repert. Bot. of Walpers, 3.29, contains many (24) heterogeneous species, 
. and it appears to me that very few of those enumerated, harmonize with 
the generic character as established by L’Heritier. In the herbarium of 
Sir William Hooker, I can find no plant corresponding with the typical 
Species ; and in the British Museum where L’Heritier’s original specimens 
Are deposited, there are two plants marked Witheringia solanacea, both 
2 different, and neither answering to the figure and description of the founder 
. of the genus. [n the absence, therefore, of the typical plant, without any 
. good description of it, or any satisfactory drawing of its details, without 
even the knowledge of the country where the original was obtained, nor 
whom collected, it is difficult to understand the true limits of the genus. 
— VOL. tv. x De 


354 CONTRIBUTIONS TO 


rectiora, in connectivum magnum carnosum frequenter 
incurvum continua; anthere 2-loculares, dorso adnate, 
lobis oblongis, longitudinaliter dehiscentibus, apice cervice 
gibbo, utrinque poro hiante, jugatæ. | Ovarium superum, 
obovato-oblongum, cum stylo articulatum, 2-loculare, pla- 
centis lunulatis, utrinque seminiferis, septo adnatis, multi- 
ovulatis. Stylus nunc brevis, crassus, turbinato-infundi- 


buliformis, apice cavus, nunc gracilior, longus, subfusiformis, - 


apice incrassatus. Stigma sub—2-labiatum, intus glandulis, 
2 instructum. Bacca magna, pulposa, 2-locularis. Semina 
numerosa, structura ignota. 

Frutices, vel arbusculæ, in America meridionali intertropica 
indigena, suborgyales, ramosissimi, ramis dichotomis, folis 
petiolatis geminis, subintegris plerique | cordatis, altero 
minori; racemis extra-axillaribus sepissime in dichotomia 
ramulorum ; floribus pedicellatis, secundis, pedicellis articu- 
latis, sepe deciduis. 

Derivatio ex mwv pinguis, avnp stamen, propter antherarum con- 
nectivum magnum. j 
I propose to separate the different species into two 

sections, with curved and straight stamens. 


§ I. CERATOSTEMON. Stamina valde curvata, crassa, apice 
conniventes. 


1. Pionandra floribunda (n. sp.) :—foliis 5-nerviis, fere glabris, 
cordato-ovatis, apice valde attenuatis, et ciliato-serratis, 
limbo integro, supra nitidis, creberrime punctulatis, subtus 
glauco-pallidis, sub lente minutissime pubescentibus ; 
racemis secundis, folio æqualibus, corolla lobis extus apice 
rostratis.— Serrá Organensi, Rio-Janeiro. 

This is a small tree with very bushy widely spreading 
branches, conspicuous for the number of its long pendent 
racemes of flowers, that I met with on the ascent of the 
Organ Mountains, at an elevation of nearly 3000 feet. The 
branches are flexuose, somewhat dichotomous, quite smooth 
and glabrous. "The leaves are sharply acuminate at the apex, 


THE FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA. 355 


where they are subserrulated and ciliate ; the margin is very 
entire and somewhat membranous ; they are about 41 inches 
long, exclusive of the petiole, and 24 inches broad, the twin 
leaf being about an inch shorter: they are quite smooth and 
shining above, their surface being covered with very numerous, 
minute, raised points, which are somewhat pellucid when 
viewed through the light; below they are quite smooth, of a 
pale glaucous green, apparently glabrous, but when examined 
by a lens are seen covered with a very fine pubescence; they 
are somewhat 5-nerved at base, the midrib and nerves being 
slender and prominent. The petiole is channelled above, 
slightly pubescent, and 11 inch long. The racemes of flowers, 
about 3 inches long, generally spring from the stem on one 
side a little above the origin of the pair of leaves, and some- 
times out of the bifurcation of the branches ; the pedicels all 
arising from one side of the peduncle, are alternately arranged 
in two rows, and articulated at a little distance from their 
origin, where the greater number fall off: they are about an 
inch long and glabrous. The calyx is small and fleshy, 
and does not increase in size with the fruit, its segments 
being acute and slightly pubescent. The corolla is of a lurid 
greenish white, fleshy, and about an inch in diameter when 
fully expanded; it has a short campanular tube, which is 
distinctly saccate and obtusely 5-angular at the corners 
opposite the stamens ; the border is cleft into 5 equal, ovate, 
acute segments, having very woolly and slightly inflected 
margins, which in the bud present an induplicate cestivation 
nearly valvate, each segment has externally at its apex, a long 
_ terete spurlike woolly process ; when the flower is fully open, 
the lobes are quite patent: the corolla outside is quite 
glabrous, but it is lined within with a short woolly white 
tomentum, and near the base of the tube, is seen a semi- 
terete fleshy annular staminiferous ring. "The stamens are 
Véry large and conspicuous, quite glabrous, and alternate 
With the lobes of the corolla; the filaments are united at 
their base into a very short tube, which springs from the 
annular ring alluded to; they are dilated and fleshy, quickly 
ps 


356 CONTRIBUTIONS TO 


expanding beneath the anthers into 2 prominent auricular 

lobes, and terminate in a remarkably large fleshy gibbous con- : 

nective supporting the adnate anthers, which consist of 2 4 

distinct and separate lobes, somewhat divaricate at base, and ; 

united at their summit by a cervix, forming a bottle-necked 
apex, in which two distinct pores are seen : the lobes, however, 

present a decided longitudinal dehiscence by a central furrow 5 

the summits of the anthers all converge round the style. Thé — 3 

ovarium is oval, quite smooth, 2-celled, with a broadly lunu- — , - 

late placenta arising from each side of the dissepiment, 
around which numerous ovules are closely arranged. The 
style is short, thick, scarcely longer than the ovarium, it 1s 
hollow and tubular more than half way down. The stigma 
is a cyathiform fleshy cup, obsoletely 2-lobed, terminating - 
the style, having within its mouth 2 fleshy glands. The 

berry grows to a large size; the largest that I saw of a 

kindred species which was far from mature, was oblong, and 

nearly 2 inches in length, in which the seeds were not ripe 
enough for examination.* 

2. Pionandra pubescens (n. sp.)—Arbuscula, tota pubescens : 
foliis 5-nerviis, obovatis, basi obtusis, vix cordatis, apice 
attenuatis integris, utrinque pubescentibus ; racemis secun- - 
dis, folio brevioribus.—Rio de J aneiro, Serra Organensi. 

A species much resembling the former; but altogether 
closely pubescent, and of pallid appearance. The leaves are 
more obtuse than cordate at the base, the flowers are smaller, 
not quite so fleshy, but the stamens are hardly so much 
curved. The fruit was, in a very young state, 14 inch long 
and half an inch in diameter, but without doubt it grows to 4 — 
much larger size. ae 
3. Pionandra ciliata (n. sp.) :—pubescens ; foliis geminis, 

altero minori, lanceolatis, utrinque attenuatis, vel bas 

obtusioribus, sæpe inæquilateris, apice caudato-acuminatis 
margine denticulatis, dense piloso-ciliatis, supra sparse pF - 

losis, subtus tomentoso-pubescentibus, pilis articulatis + 


* A representation of this species with full details is shown in PLATE 
vaut of the “ Illustrations of South American Plants." ie 


THE FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA. 357 


racemis secundis, folio brevioribus: bacca magna.— Rio de 

Janeiro, Serrà Organensi. 

This species is very distinct from the two former, and 
approaches more in the form and size of its leaves to the 
Solanum capsicoides, Mart. which also belongs to this genus. 
ds did not find it in flower, but from the resemblance of 
Jis habit to those above described, I imagine it will be 
found to belong to this section. "The berry, though far from 
mature, measures nearly 14 in length and 3 inch in diameter. 
4. Pionandra fragrans. Solanum fragrans Hook. Bot. 
Mag. tab. 3684.—Arborescens : foliis geminis, 5-nerviis, 
 inequalibus, ovatis, majori basi sub-elliptico, altero cor- 
dato, integerrimis, glaberrimis, supra lucidis, albo-punctu- : 
latis, infrà argenteis, marginibus paulo incrassatis : racemi 
. foribus secundis, pedicellis inferioribus maxime elongatis : 
_ corolla late campanulata, profunde 5-partita, staminibus 
- geniculatis, stigmate dilatato, concavo—Guiana. v. s. in. 
… herb. Hooker. 
. From Sir Wm. Hooker's excellent figure of this species, it 
 Wilbe seen how closely it approaches P. floribunda in its 
h general habit, and in the size of its leaves, one of which only 
ls here cordate. The racemes are 4 inches long, arising 
_ from the forks of the dichotomous branchlets, the pedicels 
ae unequal in length and articulate : the calyx is somewhat 
Pentagonous, with triangular lobes and ciliate margins: the 
_ Segments of the corolla are lanceolate as in P. capsicoides. 
= 5. Pionandra diploconos. Witheringia diploconos Mart. 
= Genset spec. 3.77, tab. 229 :—fruticosa, glabra : foliis sub 5- 
= Nerviis, ovatis, acuminatis, basi subcordatis, integris, utrin- 
.. que glabris; racemis alaribus, folio longioribus.—Rio Janeiro 
... € Tejuca. 
It ia only from the description of Dr. von Martius that 
: Tam acquainted with this species which certainly approaches 
1-99 to my P. floribunda: the leaves, however, are entirely 
: ‘Slabrous, and not punctulate; they are little more than half 
. Meir size, and less cordate at base than in that species. The 
e is much longer than the leaf. The calyx is denticu- 

ed, the stamens are ventricose, but the fleshy connective 


358 CONTRIBUTIONS TO 


is less curved: the filaments are expanded below, but are 
not auriculate: it has the fleshy perigynous ring, and the 
annular dise, as well as the short tubular broad style and 
stigma of P. floribunda. Its flowers are odorous, which I do 
not remember to have noticed in the Organ Mountain species, 
and the lobes of the corolla want the rostrate apical appen- 
dage so conspicuous in that species. 

6. Pionandra Gardneri (n. sp.)—fruticosa: foliis geminis, 
altero minori, sub 5-nerviis, cordato-ovatis, valde acumi- 
natis, utrinque pilis longis mollibus articulatis, infraque 
pallide tomentosis, margine ciliatis et eroso-denticulatis : 
racemis è bifurcatione secundis, folio multo longioribus.— à 
San Caetano, Prov. Minar. General. Braziliæ.— Gardner, — — 

‘No. 5041. 

A very distinct species remarkable for the length of its 
articulate glandular hairs. It forms a shrub about 4 feet 
high : its larger leaves are 31 in. long and 2 in. broad on a 
petiole 14 in. in length, the smaller leaves are 24 in. long and 
1 in. broad on a petiole 3 in. The raceme is 7 in. long : the 
calyx is 5-angled with broadish deep segments, very pubes- 
cent, and somewhat membranaceous: the corolla is very 
pubescent outside, smooth within, its segments being broad 
and acute: the stamens and pistillum resemble those of P. 
floribunda. 

7. Pionandra betacea. Solanum betaceum Cav. 6.599, tab. 4 
521 :—fruticosa : ramis cauleque succulentis : foliis magnis, — 
ovatis, acuminatis, cordatis, baseos rotundatis, incumben- 
tibus, 5-nerviis, utrinque molliter pubescentibus, margini- 
bus undulatis, ciliatis, infra purpurascente-ferruginels * 
racemo e bifurcatione pendulo, folio breviori ; floribus 
secundis.— Nova Hispania. v. s. im Herb. Hooker, * 
plurimis locis relata, nempe-Nova Granada, Goudot. Lima 
ju cult. Mc. Lean, Buenos Ayres, in hort. cult. Tweedie, 

je. ; | 

According to Cavanilles this is a shrub about 4 feet in 
height. In all the specimens I have seen, the larger leaves 
measure 9 or 10 in. in length, 5 in. in breadth on a petiole, 
13 in. long: the smaller leaves are 5} in. long and 4 1 


THE FLORA.OF SOUTH AMERICA. 359 


broad on a petiole of 13 in.: the racemes are about 7 in. in 

length: the corolla of a rosy hue has a short tube, with 5 

oblong segments reflected at tip: the 5 equal stamens are 

included, the filaments are short and thick, the auricular lobes 
though small and hidden by the anthers are distinct and free : 
the anthers are large, curved, and approximate : the berry is 
reddish, about the size of a pigeon's egg, and 2-celled : this is 
doubtless the same fruit that I saw in the markets of Lima, 

Where it is commonly used for cooking in lieu of the ordinary 

Tomate, the flavour of which it greatly resembles. Tweedie 

remarks that it is used in Buenos Ayres for the same purpose, 

.. but not ordinarily, for I never observed it. 

. 8. Pionandra pendula. Solanum pendulum, R. et P. Flor. 

—. — Peru. 2.39, tab. 174, non Link :—fruticosa : foliis alternis, 
obovatis, simplicibus, vel geminis, aut pinnatis, utrinque 
pubescentibus, integerrimis, venosissimis, foliolis 2—6 nis, 

. oblique cordatis, acutissimis, impari majori : racemis depen- 
dentibus, furcatis, pedicellis articulatis, sæpe deciduis : 
fructu magno pyriformi—Peruvia in Muña. 

From the figure of Ruiz and Pavon, I do not doubt this 
species belongs to this genus; and although the leaves are 
. Sometimes pinnate, they are often simple and cordate: the 
. Tacemes, as in the other species, generally grow out of the 

bifurcation of the branchlets, and have many fleshy, secund 

flowers, with articulated pedicels: the fruit is also large, 2- 

celled, with lunulated placentations. 

. 9. Pionandra obliqua. Solanum obliquum R. ef P. FI. Per. 
2.35, tab. 165, a: —glabra: foliis simplicibus, sub 5- 
nerviis, obovatis, oblique cordatis, acutis, supra nitidis, 
leviter pubescentibus: racemis extra-axillaribus, recurvis, 
floribus duplici serie secundis, pedicellis articulatis, inferi- 
oribus maxime longioribus—Peruvia ad Chinchao. 

There can be no doubt from the figure and description 
above cited, that this species possess all the essential charac- 

ters of Pionandra. 

10. Pionandra viridiflora. . Solanum viridiflorum R. et P. 

iuc Fl. Per. 2.38, tab. 173, b :—fruticosa, villosa, caule tereti : 


360 CONTRIBUTIONS TO 


foliis geminatis, altero minori, sub 5-nerviis, ovatis, acutis, 
rotundato-cordatis, baseos lateribus incumbentibus, utrin- 
que pilosis, pilis flavis, articulatis, infra pallidioribus ; 
racemo e bifurcatione, folio breviori, floribus secundis, 
pedicellis articulatis: fructo magno, ovali—Peruvia (v. s. in 
herb. Hooker alabastris nondum maturis.) 
A species closely allied to P. pendula, and very near P. 
betacea, but with much smaller leaves: the larger ones mea- 
sure 7 inches in length, and are 54 in. broad, on a petiole 13 


in.: the smaller being 43 in. long, and 3} in. broad, on a - 


petiole of the same length of the basal lobes 1 in. long: the 

calyx is pubescent, 5-angular, and somewhat campanulate, 

with 5 short lobes: the corolla is tomentous outside, with 

woolly margins: the stamens are somewhat long, with 4 

thickened fleshy, somewhat scabrid connective: the style is 

considerably swollen in the middle, and the stigma cup- 
shaped: the berry is of the size of that of P. betacea. 

11. Pionandra premnefolia. Solanum premnæfolium. Dun. 
mss :—tota pubescens: fruticosa, foliis geminis, altero 
minori, 5-nerviis, cordato-ovatis: racemis folio multo 
longioribus, pedicellis articulatis, deciduis.—Brazilia in 


Bahiam (a Luccombe) et Prov. San. Pauli (a Bowie et Cum- 


ningham lecta) v. s. in Herb. Mus. Brit. 
In habit this species much resembles P. floribunda; but 


the leaves and stems are covered with long close hairs: the. 


larger leaves are 34 to 4 in. long, and 24 to 23 in. broad, on 4 
petiole 1 in. to 13 in. long: the smaller leaves measure 24; by 
2 in. on a petiole 1 in. long: the raceme is 4i in. long: it 
probably belongs to this section. > 


§ 2. EurBYsTEMON. Stamina rectiora. 


12. Pionandra capsicoides. Solanum capsicoides Mart. Flora - 


(BZ) 21. Biebl. 1.78 :—suffruticosa ; ramulis pubescenti- 
bus; foliis ovato-lanceolatis, lanceolatisve, acuminatis, 


interdum geminis, minori obovato, basi obtuso, majoribus - 
acutiusculis, vel obtusis, inæquilateribus, subtus pubes- - 


THE FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA. 361 


centi-mollibus, supra pilis articulatis sparse adspersis, 

pedunculis filiformibus, fructiferis deflexis.— Brasilia, Prov. 

Rio de Janeiro et Min. Geraes. 

I have this species from Cape Frio and Villa Ricca in the 
. province of Minas Geraes. Its leaves are nearly 6 inches 
. long and 2 inches broad; the racemes are pubescent and 
about as long as the leaf, with secund flowers, the pedicels 
being articulated a little above their base. The calyx is 
pubescent; but the corolla is glabrous, and of much more 
. Membranaceous structure than any of the former species 
. With lanceolate segments: the stamens are more slender, 
. Nearly straight; the filaments are united upon a somewhat 
. membranous perigynous ring, and although not figshy, are 
_ dilated and expanded in a bilobed form below the anthers: 
. the connective is thin, flat, tapering above; the anther cells 
are turgid, burst longitudinally, and as in P. floribunda are 
. constricted near the summit by a collar, which is surmounted 
_ by an emarginate globular apex, that opens by two distinct 
— pores. The ovarium is smaller, and together with the style 
. and stigma, is quite glabrous: the style is rather slender, 
. thickening toward the summit, and is as long as the stamens ; 
the stigma, though much smaller, resembles that of the 
. before-mentioned species.* 
. 13. Pionandra divaricata. Witheringia divaricata Mart. Nov. 
Gen. et Sp. 3.75, tab. 228 :—suffruticosa, tota subtiliter 
pubescens : folis ovato-lanceolatis ovatisve, acuminatis, 
- basi subrotundatis, racemis e bifurcatione alaribus, sim- 
. Plicibus, paucifloris, folio superantibus.—Serra do Mar, 

æ. 

_ This species very closely resembles the last, but its leaves 
. àré not more than 4 inches long, and ! inch broad, generally 
: much smaller, pubescent on both sides, and nearly equi- 
T lateral ; the lobes of the calyx are ciliate, often serrulate ; 
. the filaments are dilated, and membranaceous below, expand- 


po à à LI 
* A figure of this species with details is given in PLATE 1x of the 
ations of South American Plants." 


362 CONTRIBUTIONS TO 


ing above in a large inflated connective ; the anther cells are 
straight, sub 4-gonous, ventricose and turgid, of a yellow 
colour; the style is longer than the stamens, and with the 
stigma intermediate between that of the last species and of P. 
floribunda. It approaches P. ciliata, but the leaves are 
smaller, broader in proportion, not so much attenuated at the 
apex, and less pubescent. The racemes are shorter, 2 to6 
inches long, with 4—6 to 10 flowers, which have the articula- 
tion of the pedicels close to the peduncle, so that when they 
fall off, the stem scarcely exhibits the persistent bases of the 
stalks observed in the other species. 

14. Pionandra Tegore. Solanum Tegore Aubl. 212. tab. 84 ;— 
frutescens, villosa: foliis inferioribus amplissimis, sinuato- 
pinnatifidis superioribus ovatis, cordatis, acutis; racemis 
secundis, e bifurcatione alaribus.— Guiana. v. s. in Herb. 
Mus. Brit. et Herb. Hooker. 

The upper leaves are about the size of those of P. pubes- 
cens, and in like manner, as well as the stems and peduncle, 
are covered with articulate hairs; they are also geminate, un- 
equal, and sub 5-nerved. ‘The racemes are very short, and 
secund, growing out of the bifurcation of the branches; the 
pedicels are also articulated, and deciduous, characters quite 
in conformity with all the species above enumerated. Aublet 
describes and figures the fleshy ring at the base of the tube 
of the corolla, out of which the stamens originate, which he 
states to be long, straight, and approximate at the apex; the 
corolla is deeply 5-partite; the fruit is a spherical berry, — — 
about the size of a cherry. A remarkable character is gb- 
servable in this plant, in the very large size of the lower 
leaves, which are about 1 foot in length, and 8 inches broad, 
divided into acute lobes, by several deep incisures, sinuate 
at base; they are nearly glabrous. I did not observe this 
remarkable dissimilarity in the size of the upper and lower 
leaves in any of the species I found in the Organ Mountains; 
nor has this been noticed by the authors who have described | 
the other species, if we except P. pendula where some of the 
leaves are simple and cordate at the base, while others are 


THE FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA. 363 


larger, and divided into 3 or 5 segments, as shown in the 

figure of Ruiz and Pavon above quoted. 

15. Pionandra Hartwegii (n. Sp.) ;—fruticosa: foliis geminis, 
altero minori, 5-nerviis, cordato ovatis, integris, superne 
lucidis, parce pilosis, infra ferrugineo-pruinoso-punctatis ; 
racemis e bifurcatione subscorpioideis, folio multo longiori- 
bus.— Columbia (Hartweg, n. 1997) v. s. in herb. Hooker. 
Stems round, dark brown, subpubescent: leaves 4} in 

long, 22 in broad, on a petiole 13. in length, the smaller one 

24 in long, 12 in broad, on a petiole 1 in. long; raceme 

pubescent, 83 in. long ; pedicels articulated, 12 to 13 in. long; 

calyx small, 5-gonous, glabrous, lobes short, obtuse, with a 

very small tooth in the apex; corolla with linear, lanceolate 

segments, an inch long, obtuse at the apex, smooth with 
floccose margins; anthers 2-celled, very long, equal, linear, 
erect, somewhat scabrous, opening by an apical pore, and by 


a lateral fissure in each cell: style obtuse; stigma clavate. 
16, Pionandra coriacea, (n. sp.) :—fruticosa, foliis geminis, 


magnis, glabris, valde coriaceis, cordato-ovatis, 5-nerviis, 


-altero minori, supra punctulatis, infra pruinosis : racemis 


brevibus, scorpioideis; floribus secundis, pedicellis arti- 

culatis, approximatis; corolla tubo brevi, laciniis lanceo- 

latis: antheris linearibus, erectis, connectivo crasso.— 

Peruvia (Mathews, 1971) v. s. in herb. Hooker. 

The leaves of this species are remarkably thick, opaque and 
coriaceous, about 8 inches long, 5 in. wide, with a petiole 


 2in.long, the smaller ones 5 inches long, and 34 in. wide, 
. the petiole being the same length as the basal lobes. 


17. Pionandra Cajanumensis. Solanum Cajanumense, H. B. K. 
3.47 :—fruticosa, ramulis hirsutis: foliis solitariis, subro- 
tundo-ovatis, breviter acuminatis, cordatis, integerrimis, 
hirsuto-pilosis ; racemis supra-axillaribus, trifidis, floribus 
unilateralibus.—Nova Granada. 

The leaves are described as 7 inches long, 53 inches wide. 

The stamens included, the filaments short and much dilated, 

the anthers opening by pores, according to Kunth, and by 


364 CONTRIBUTIONS TO 


lateral fissures, according to Bonpland. The berry is 2 inches 
in length. 


Species DuBix. 


18. Pionandra crotonifolia. Solanum crotonifolium, H. B. K. 

= 8.80 Dun. Syn. 18:—fruticosa: folis geminis, oblongis 
augusto-acuminatis, basi rotundatis et ingequalibus, sub- 
repandis, supra canescenti-pubescentibus, subtus molliter 
albo-tomentosis: racemis supra-axillaribus, sæpe bifidis, 
floribus unilateralibus.— Nova Granada. : 

The leaves are 4-5 inches long, 14 to 2 inches broad, with 
stellate pubescence; the racemes are short, sometimes bifid, 
and the flowers have articulated pedicels. 

19. Pionandra Narensis. Solanum Narense, H. B. K. 3.31. 
Dun. Syn. 18 :—fruticosa, ramis tomentosis, foliis geminis, 
altero minori, ovatis, acutis, basi cordatis et inæqualibus, 
supra canescenti—subtus albido—tomentosis, mollibus : 
inferioribus sinuato-angulatis ; racemis lateralibus, bifidis ; 

. floribus unilateralibus.—Nova Granada. 

The upper leaves are 5-6 inches long, 23-3 inches broad ; 
thelower ones 7-8 inches long, and 5-6 inches broad; all 
with stellate pubescence. 

20. Pionandra trachyphylla. Solanum trachyphyllum, H. B. K. 
3.31. Dun. Syn. 18 :—fruticosa ; ramis tomentosis, foliis 
geminis, altero-minori, oblongis, acuminatis, basi rotun- 
datis, inæqualibus, integerrimis, supra scabriusculis, subtus 
mollissimis, cano-tomentosis, racemis lateralibus, dicho- 
tomis, floribus unilateralibus.— Popayan. 

The leaves are 5-6 inches long, and 23 to 24 inches broad, 
with stellate pubescence. 


21. Pionandra flagrans. Solanum flagrans. Tenore, Ann. Se. 


Nat. 13.381 ,—arborescens : foliis geminis utrinque glabris, a 


oblongo-lanceolatis, acutis, integerrimis, racemis secundi- 
floris, extra-foliaceis, pedunculis incrassatis.— Brasilia. 
It is probable that undera careful revision of the exten- 


THE FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA. 365 


sive Linnean genus Solanum, which is greatly required, many 
other species will be found to come within the limits of 
Pionandra. It is with much doubt I have placed here the 
last four species which are only known from the short des- 
criptions quoted; when examined with more attention they 
may probably be found to belong to another group, many 
species of which I have observed in the splendid herbarium 
.. of Sir Wm. Hooker; I allude to such as approach S. conicum 
. R. & P. Flor. Perw. tab. 172, b. Many of these have simple, 
. Others pinnate leaves, sometimes smooth, often with stellate 
. tomentum; they have racemes either simple or scorpioid, 
. Often dichotomously branched, either extra-axillary or grow- 
. ing out of the bifurcation of the branches, they have very 
. long narrow coriaceous anthers, and a peculiar form of style; 
. 4 section of this same group, numerous in species, have their 
. Stems and petioles aculeate, such as S. torvum loc. supra cit. 

lab. 175 a. S. lanatum, tab. 174 b, S. incarceratum, tab. 176. 
The present arrangement of the genus Solanum comprising 
. Upwards of 500 species, is certainly very defective, the form 
= Of the leaves, offering very unsatisfactory, and uncertain 
- Characters on which to found any subdivisions; far better 
- elements will be found to exist in the floral characters as- 
. Sisted by the particular habit of the several species; much 
therefore may be expected from the distinguished author of 
the well-known monograph on Solanum, who has undertaken 
| the arrangement of the nat. ord. Solaneæ, for the forthcoming 
. Volume of the Prodromus of De Candolle. 


SOREMA. 


= The following details of Nolana paradoxa, Lindl., were 
. Made as far back as 1823, and notwithstanding several 

Species of Nolana have already been figured at different 
. times, I am not aware that the carpological characters of the 
_ Order Nolanacee have hitherto been illustrated. The plant 
^ M question, which I found near the sea-shore at Concon, 
the place of my residence in Chile, is now called by Dr. 
dley, Sorema paradoxa, in a very interesting paper which 


366 . CONTRIBUTIONS TO 


he has given on the divisions of this order in the Botanical 
Register for Sept. 1844, tab. 46. Although much additional 
knowledge has thus been afforded, the real limits of Nola- 
nacee are not yet fully defined, and the true place of its 
arrangement in the Natural system not yet quite agreed on. 
Dr. Lindley, in the last edition of his “ Natural System,” 
p- 229, places it near Convolvulacee, with which it accords in 
its expanded funnel.shaped plicated corolla. Others have 
combined it with Borraginee, with which it agrees in having 
a plicated corolla, included stamens, and distinct nuts. Prof. 
Endlicher, in his Genera Plantarum, p. 655, following nearly 
the views of Dr. Lindley, places it as a sub-order, or rather 
as an aberrant group “ Convolvulaceis affinia.” After a careful 
examination of its relations, I venture to suggest for it a 
distinct place in the system, at the beginning of the class 
Tubulifiore of Endl., immediately following the Borraginee, in 
the Nuculifere of that eminent Botanist, so that intermediate 
with Convolvulacee, the Nolanacee will thus retain their close 
affinity towards Solanaceae, for it is especially with Petunia, 
&c., that they agree in their convoluted and deeply plicated 
corolla with unequal included stamens, and not less with 
many others among Solaneæ in their geminate or fasciculate 
leaves and general habit; and while they also accord in the 
annular filiform shape of their embryo, enveloped in albumen, 
and in the position of the radicle, they differ from the whole 
of that order in the origin and development of their distinct 
carpels, for the ovules of Solanaceæ are invariably attached 
to the dissepiment of a 2. celled or imperfectly 4-celled ova- 
rium. With Borraginee, on the other hand, they agree in 
the gynobasic insertion of their distinct ovaria upon à fleshy * 
lobed disc, and in their separate huts, with a single seedin — 
each cell, perforated at the base, but whether the " 
process, which I have shown to exist in all the Nolanaceé, 


possesses any direct resemblance, in its nature and origin» : 


to the salient * strophiole (Celomphala, Schrad.)" that » : 
seen attached to the perforated nuts of many Borrageæ, aC- 
cording to the descriptions of the late Prof. Spenner (Nees 


THE FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA. 367 


Gen. Plant, tom. 2, tab. 69—73), it is not now necessary to 
determine, it being sufficient for our present purpose to indi- 
cate the fact, and to add that they differ from the whole of 
that family, in the form and position of their embryo, as well 
as in habit and inflorescence. With Convolvulacee, as Prof. 
Lindley remarks, many analogies exist, but they differ in 
their simple, not imbricate calyx, in their distinct ovaria and 
the important character of their embryo. I shall presently 
attempt to show that the hitherto anomalous genus Gra- 
bowskya, is referrible to a position between Borraginee and 
Nolanee, and Dichondree will then form an excellent con- 
necting link between Nolanee and Convolvulee, to the former 
of which this small group has a very close affinity, on account 
of the almost gynobasic origin of its nearly distinct carpels, 
and also because its embryo is really cyclical, notwithstanding 
. thatthe cotyledons, at their extremity, are bent back in a 
. Sigmoid form, after having completed more than an entire 
. helix, somewhat in the manner of the embryo of Convolvulus, 
. butit is to be remarked, that although the cotyledons of 
— Dichondra are broader than the radicle, and more foliaceous 
_ than those of Nolanee, they are simply parallel, and have not 
_ their margins crumpled and conduplicated, as in the true 
= Convolvulee. Doctor Lindley observes (Nat. Syst. 230) that 
“if we attend to the embryo, they will stand among Convol- 
vulaceæ, if to the carpels, among Nolanacee : upon the whole 
thelatter must be accounted of the most importance, and 
Consequently it is with Nolanacee that I arrange them." I 
find on examining the seed of Dichondra repens, that the 
— Utricle falls away from its receptacular attachment, showing 
à distinctly round perforate aperture at base, and on the 
Teceptacle are to be seen opposite the opening, two distinct 
. Prominences, corresponding to what, by analogy, may be 
. TOnsidered as of a similar nature to the areolar processes 
Observed in Nolanee and Grabowskya. The reasons above 
Offered will therefore probably justify the position I have 
 Ventured to assign for Nolanacee in the general system, so 


368 CONTRIBUTIONS TO 


that without violating the connexion already established by 

the authority of the most distinguished Botanists, between 

Dichondree and Convolvulee, they will stand after Borraginee, 

and before Convolvulee through the intermedium of Dichon- 

dree. 

The new genera of Nolanacee, proposed as before alluded to 
by Doctor Lindley, although not so well distinguished by 
characters derived from the inflorescence, are nevertheless 
well marked by a distinct and peculiar habit, aided by diffe- 
rences of structure in the fruit. Most of the species com- 
prised under Nolana and Sorema, are succulent prostrate 
plants with broad fleshy leaves; in the latter genus, the 
leaves are geminate, the inner one petioled, the outer one 
sessile, with one of its margins decurrent on the stem. The 
species included by Alona, Dolia and Aplocarya, are mostly 
erect plants with a shrubby habit, and approximate or fas- 
ciculated linear leaves, many of them being densely covered 
with tomentum; the flowers of the two last mentioned. 
genera are proportionately very small, those of the others 
presenting large campanulate flowers, resembling those of - 

Convolvulus. It is worthy of remark, that all the plants —— 

of this order, grow either within reach of the humidity of 

the sea, or in inland tracts where the soil is impregnated with 
particles of salt or natron. The genus in which the plant 
about to be described is placed may be thus defined. 

SoremA Lindl.—Calyz tubuloso-campanulatus, 5-angulatus, 
1mo toro adnatus, limbo 5-partito, lobis erectis acuminatis 
obtusiusculis persistens. Corolla hypogyna, infundibuli- 
formis, limbo amplo, campanulato, plicato, obsolete 5-lobo, 
lobis brevissimis, emarginato-mucronatis. Stamina 5,in- 
qualia, inclusa; filamenta erecta, breves, imo corollæ 
orta, basi pilosa; anthere basifixæ, 2-lobæ, rotundate- 
Discus hypogynus, carnosus, calyce adnatus. Ovaria 20, ad 
40 distincta, supra discum pluri-serialiter disposita, l-OVU- — 
lata. Stylus centralis, breviusculus, pentagonus. Stigma cla- 
vatum, 5 lobum. Drupe totidem ; nux angulata, endo- — 


THE FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA. 369 


carpio crasso, textura coriacea, spongiosa, 1-locularis, 
l-sperma, basi perforata, apertura omnino clausa, operculo 
à semine demum secedente. Embryo filiformis intra al- 
bumen carnosam cyclicus, cotyledonibus semiteretibus, 
radicula ad hilam spectante.—Herbæ Chilenses annue pros- 
trate carnosule, floribus speciosis Convolvulaceis. | 

- Sorema paradoxa, Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1844, tab. 46. No- 
lana paradoxa Lindl. (non Hook.) Bot. Reg. tab. 865.— 
prostrata, pubescens: folis geminatis, ovatis, obtusis, 
spathulatis, altero subsessili, subdecurrenti; pedunculo 
axillari, folii longitudine; corolle limbo amplo, campanu- 
lato, czeruleo, fauce albo.—Concon, Chile. 

=- This plant is so well known, that it needs no particular 
. description : all that is worthy of mention is the structure of 


— 


 Carpels are all perfected into an equal number of 1-seeded 
 drupes ; I have observed sometimes in the above species, 
though it rarely happens, that 2—3 nuts are combined into 
one, which is then 2—3 celled, each cell having a single seed. 
In habit it approaches the typical genus Nolana. The nut is 
Unequally angular, rhomboidal, sharp-angular, of a spongy co- 
_ Maceous consistence, the place of its basal attachment being 
Marked by a small round cicatrice, being the area of a hard cy- 
lindrieal operculum that closes the channel leading into the 
included cell. The seed which fills the cavity is reniform and 
Compressed, the {esta is yellow, reticulate, and crisp, the inner 
integument is a very thin transparent membrane enclosing 
the albumen, which is white, hard and fleshy; the embryo is 

white, filiform, bent in a somewhat spiral form, the radicle 
_ Pointing towards the hilum, or inner aperture of the cell : the 
. cotyledons, which together are somewhat more slender than 
the radicle, are about the same length.* 


_ Sweet. Fl. Gard. n. ser. tab. 805 :—procumbens, subpubes- 


= À figure of this species is given in PLarE x. of the *' Illustratio ns of 
South American Plants.” | 
VOL, ty. PE 


its fruit, which I do not think has been yet sufficiently - 
detailed. The peculiarity of this genus is, that its many — 


= 2. Sorema atriplicifolia Lindl. Nolana atriplicifolia D. Don 


a ji 


370 CONTRIBUTIONS, &c. 


cens; foliis spathulatis, radicalibus majoribus, forma Atri- 

plicis hortensis ; calyce campanulato, lobis ovato-lanceolatis, 

acutis ; corollæ tubo intus flavo, "fauce albo, limbo amplo, 
cæruleo.—Peruvia ? an potius Chile? 

With this species I am not acquainted, not having met 
with it in any herbarium that I have seen. 

The figure given in the work above cited, exhibits the 
cauline leaves to be about 11 in. long, and 1 in. broad, they 
are wavy, fleshy, broadly oblong, obtuse, subulate at base, 
on a very broad decurrent petiole, one of the margins of 
which is continuous along the angle of the stem. The species 
is known only from cultivated specimens, raised from seeds 
said to have been obtained from Peru. 

3. Sorema litoralis (n. sp.)—herbacea, prostrata; radice fusi- 
formi, ramulis plurimis, e collo radiatis ; foliis radicalibus 
majoribus, longe petiolatis, cordato-ovatis, obtusis, cau- 
linis geminis, inaequalibus, obovatis, obtusis, uno sessili, 
altero subspathulato, late petiolato, decurrenti: floribus | 
solitariis, corolla ampla, cærulea.—Chile, Valparaiso, v. 
s. in herb. meo (Mathews ;) in herb. Hooker, (Cuming. n. 627, 
Bridges n. 327.) | 
This plant grows sparingly on a sandy beach, within reach 

of the spray of the sea: its tap root descends to a depth of 6 

or 8 inches: its branches, springing from the neck, spread 

along the sand in all directions; the radical leaves have 4 

narrow petiole, about an inch long, and barely a line broad, 

the blade being nearly 10 lines long, and 8 lines broad: the 
cauline leaves are only half that size, in unequal pairs, the 
outer one being sessile, and decurrent on the stem as the 
preceding species, the younger leaves, peduncle, and calyx 
are pubescent, but the older leaves and stem are glabrous: 
the calyx is 5-angular, 5 lines long, divided half way dow? 
into 5 triangular erect teeth: the corolla resembles that of 

S. paradoxa: the nuts are about 16, with sharp angles, each 

1-celled. 

4. Sorema acuminata (n. sp.) :—fruticulosa, prostrata ; 
caulibus ramosis, angulatis ; foliis geminis, pubescentibus, - 


THE LATE MR. GRIFFITH. 371 


lanceolatis, lineari-acuminatis, oblique sessilibus, margine 
exteriori decurrenti : floribus axillaribus, solitariis, coeruleis ; 
nuculis distinctis 35, parvis, foveolatis.—Chile ad Concep- 
cionem : (v. s. in Herb. Hooker, n. 1322.) 


(To be continued.) 


The late Mr. GRIFFITH. 


(The following notice of this truly accomplished and la- 


mented Botanist is from the Transactions of the Royal 


Asiatic Society for June, 1845.) 
_ Mr. Griffith was one of the most accomplished botanis 
. Of our day; with the most accurate and extensive acquisi- 
. tion of learning in his department, he combined such a 
. Spirit of activity and enterprise as has been rarely equalled, 
_ great talents, and a very remarkable power of labour, arrange- 
. Ment, and application. He was born in the year 1810, and 
. Was educated at the London University. He went out to 
India, as an assistant-surgeon on the Madras Establishment, 
_ Where he arrived on the 24th September 1832, and was 
. Shortly afterwards selected by the Bengal Government to 
 fxamine the botany of the Tenasserim Provinces. He was, 
. ^ 1835, deputed to Assam, with Dr. M'Clelland, for the 
. Purpose of assisting Dr. Wallich in his inspection of the 
. Stowth of the Tea plant in Assam, and proceeded from 
. thence, in company with Dr. Bayfield, to the then unex- 
. Plored tracts which lie between Suddiya and Ava, upon the 
. Xtreme frontier of our Eastern territory. In 1837 he ac- 
. Companied Captain Pemberton on his mission to the wild 
. Countries of Boutan, and two years after was sent, with the 
. "my of the Indus, to prosecute inquiries into the botany of - 
: Afghanistan. In 1841 he was appointed to the medical 
5 duties of Malacca. Upon Dr. Wallich's absence, owing to 
illness, at the Cape, Mr. Griffith was intrusted with the super- 
‘Mtendence of the Botanical Garden at Calcutta, and with 
Fe DD2 


372 THE LATE MR. GRIFFITH. 


the duties of Botanical Professor in the Medical College; 
but having on the return of Dr. Wallich from the Cape, 
resumed his place at Malacca, he was there seized with 
disease of the liver, and died at the early age of thirty-four, 
having already acquired a distinguished reputation,—having, 
in every capacity wherein he served the government re- 
ceived its approbation and its thanks; and having given 
a promise of such further services to botanical science as 
few have had either the opportunity or the talent of afford- 
ing. Inall his varied and extensive journeys, his courage 
and his energy never failed him; whether in the jungles 4 
of Assam, or the hills of Affghanistan, he still pursued : 
his researches, undeterred by danger, either of disease 
or of violence; and if disabled, as he was more than once 
by fever and debility, his first convalescence found him ever 
ready for fresh exertions. He had thus, by the application 
of extraordinary powers of observation, and in researches 
extending through the vast regions which have been enu- 
merated, formed large and valuable collections, and brought 
together thaterials for a great botanical work; and he looked 
with impatience to a period of repose for compiling a Scien- 
tific Flora of India, when he sunk under his last fatal illness. 
Perhaps no more impressive picture of the energy of this 
extraordinary man, and of his devotion to his favourite 
science, can be given than that which may be drawn from 
the following extracts from a letter dictated by him on his , 
death-bed, and addressed to Dr. M‘Clelland :— 

“I write this by deputy, being seriously ill of hepatitis; 
the attack has been very severe, and the treatment neces- 
sarily active, so that I am reduced to an extreme state of — a 
weakness. Although my adviser does not despair, still the — . 
issue is doubtful, and under this impression I commence à | 
few lines to you on business. 

^ Mrs. Griffith (supposing the result of this illness to be 
fatal to me) will bring up with her all the collections at 
Malacca, and they being added to those at the export ware 


THE LATE MR. GRIFFITH. 373 


house, and all having been previously cleaned and packed, 

I leave to you to present to Government, for the Honourable 

Court of Directors, to be sent home without any delay. As 

you know the trouble I have taken with these collections, and 

the hopes I had entertained of making them subservient to a 
general scientific Flora of India, I need not impress on you 
. how much I am interested in their proper disposal, and their 
being brought properly before the scientific public; and I 
would say the same regarding my drawings and manuscripts, 
_ Which will accompany my wife to Calcutta, should it so 
— happen that I leave her. 

_ “Tn all the plans which I have consigned to your execu- 
. tion, both regarding my wife and collections, I am confident 
. your own feelings will prompt you to every exertion on my 

account. Asking God's blessing on you and your wife, I 
bid you good bye.” SRS od 
. . “Thus far," continues Dr. Moorhead, his medical attend- 

ant, “ was written at Mr. Griffith's dictation; but I grieve to 
. Say the fatal result came to pass yesterday evening, Sunday, 
. 9th February, at half past seven o'clock." 
— Memoranda on the above by Dr. M*'Clelland.—* To the 
- &bove details, furnished by Dr. Moorhead, I may add that 
Mr. Griffith’s constitution for the last two or three years 
Seemed greatly shattered, his energies alone remaining un- 
_ changed. Exposure during his former journeys and travels 
_ laid the seeds of a fatal malady in his constitution, while 
his anxiety about his pursuits and his zeal increased; he 
: € caré-worn and haggard in his looks, often com- 
 Plaüning of anomalous symptoms marked by an extreme 
: rapidity of pulse, in consequence of which he had left off 

Wine for some years, and was obliged to observe great 
Care and attention in his diet. In Afghanistan he was very 
Rearly carried off by fever, to which he had been subject on 
"us former travels in Assam. No government ever hada 
_ More devoted or zealous servant, and I impute much of the 
Evil consequences to his health, to his attempting more than 


EM i THE LATE MR. GRIFFITH. 


the means at his disposal enabled him to accomplish with 
justice to himself.” 

Although Mr. Griffiths researches were directed primarily 
to Botany, he neglected no opportunity, during his visits to 
various parts of India, of attending also to other departments 
of Natural History. Of his zeal and success in Zoology, 
his collections afford abundant proof; tbey consist chiefly 
of mammalia, birds, fishes, and insects. While attached 
to the army of the Indus, he made, on account of Go- 
vernment, large collections of mammalia, and birds, which 
have been transmitted to the Honourable Court of Direc- 
tors, and constitute a valuable addition to the museum 
at the India House. In mammalogy he collected a consider- 
able number of the smaller animals of Affghanistan, among 
which are several new to science; but his ornithological 
collections are still more extensive, having brought together 
about six hundred specimens, not only from the route of the 
army, but from several separate excursions to the ranges of 
mountains north of Cabul. Besides the discovery of a con- 
siderable number of new species, the interest of these collec- . 
tions consists in their affording, perhaps, the most extensive 
and instructive illustration of the geographical distribution of 
the several species of birds found in India, which has as yet — 
been attempted. - | 

Mr. Griffith has also been zealous and successful as à 
collector of the fresh-water fishes of India, during his various 
travels: the importance and extent of these is detailed in 4 
paper on the subject, printed in the second volume of the 
Caleutta Journal of Natural History; and some of his dis- 
coveries in Entomology have been communicated to the 
public by the Rev. F. W. Hope, in the eighteenth volume of 
the Transactions of the Linnæan Society of London. 

He was most especially remarkable for the philosophical 
spirit in which he invariably prosecuted his researches, and 
for the patience with which he watched the most minute 
phenomena which appeared to him connected with the 


ON OPHIOCARYON PARADOXUM. ER 


subjects of investigation. Some of his published papers, 
especially those on Vegetable Impregnation, and the Progres- 
sive Development of Organs, have never been excelled, and 
rarely equalled. 
The merits of this accomplished naturalist and devoted 
labourer in the field of scientific discovery, were appreciated 
and fostered by the noble President of this Society while at 
the head of the Government of India, and it is to his Lord- 
ship's kindness that the Society are indebted for some of the 
most interesting parts of the foregoing communication. His 
loss was also recently noticed in terms of deep regret 
by the present Governor-General, Sir Henry Hardinge, in 
His Excellency’s Address at the annual distribution of 
honours and prizes at the Bengal Medical College. 
As itis understood that the whole of the valuable materials 
prepared and collected by Mr. Griffith are consigued to the 
Directors of the East India Company, the most confident 
hopes may be cherished that the expectations of the scientific 
world will not be disappointed of the full benefit which they 
are calculated, and were intended by him, to confer on bota- 
nical and zoological knowledge, and that the irreparable loss 
entailed on his widow by his early death, and the sudden 
extinction of all those hopes of fortune, honour, and reward 
which his extensive knowledge and indomitable energy were 
so well calculated to raise, will meet with such alleviation as, 
to the enlightened liberality of the Honourable Court, the 
great value of his labours, and the forlorn and ill-provided 


State of his widow and family, may be considered to merit. 


A description of OPHIOCARYON PARADOXUM, on the Snake 
— Nut Tree of Guiana; by Sir Ropert HENRY ScHom- 
BURGE, K.H., &c. &c. . 


In a paper which I communicated to the Linnzan Society, 
_ Which was read the 6th June, 1837, and since printed in ; 
. “The Annals of Natural History,” (vol. v, p. 202) Tdi- _ 


376 ON OPHIOCARYON PARADOXUM. 


rected the attention of naturalists to a curious fruit, a drupa, 
the kernel of which, when opened, and the membrane which 
covered it, being removed, displayed the striking resemblance 
of a snake coiled up.* : 

I was not then able to procure the blossoms of the tree which 
produces this strange fruit, in such an advanced state as to 
permit me to describe it with accuracy ; they were merely 
small buds, at that time, which left much to conjecture, and 
thus I was misled to consider the tree as belonging to the 
order Terebinthacee, standing near Anacardice. 1 have since 
succeeded in procuring flowers in perfection, and am now 
enabled to give the following description of the botanical 
character of this tree, in which I have been much assisted by 
Mr. Bentham. 


OPHIOCARYON, Schomb. in Endlicher, Gen. Plant. Suppl. |; 
p- 1425. 


ORD. Nat. SAPINDACEÆ. 


Char. Gen.— Flores polygamo-dioici ? masculi desunt. 
Hermaphrodito-feminei: Sepala 5, valde imbricata, orbi- 
cularia ; 2 exteriora lateralia minora, posticum cum anticis 
inter se subzequalia. Petala 5, valde imbricata, gynophoro 
brevi crasso, sub staminibus inserta, orbicularia; 3 exte- 
riora (postica cum antico) sepalis interioribus paullo 
majora, 2 interiora sepalis subæqualia. Gynophorum sub 
ovario paullo incrassatum, staminiferum. Filamenta 5; 
sterilia, brevissima, subulata, petalis alterna, 3 petalis exte- 
rioribus opposita, squamæformia, petalis 2-3 poll. breviora, 
obovato-spathulata, uno paullo majore obcordato. Sta- - 
mina (fertilia?) duo, petalis interioribus opposita, et US — 
sub breviora; filamentis dilatato-cuneiformibus; anthera 
continua erecta; connectivo erecto apiculato ; loculis duobus 


* Dr. Schomburgk is not, perhaps, aware that this fruit is actually sent — 
to Europe from South America, as a vegetable curiosity, under the name 
of the ** Snake-seed” :—and this is the first account we have of the pue 
which produces it.—Ep. : 


ON OPHIOCARYON PARADOXUM. 377 


lateralibus, introrsis, subglobosis, calyptra laterali decidua 
dehiscentibus. Pollinis granule minute, orbiculares, (de- 
pressoglobosæ ?). Ovarium in gynophoro staminifero ses- 
sile, obovoideum, compressum, biloculare, apice breviter 
bilobum, lobis obtusis sinu lato separatis, intus stigmatoso- 
papillosis. Ovula in quoque loculo solitaria, e basi anguli 
centralis adscendentia, (adjecto interdum ovulo altero 
minori mox abortiente?).  Drupa depresso-globosa, a 
latere subcompressa et pedunculo paullulum obliquo in- 
Sidens, carnoso; putamine crustaceo duro glabro levi 
(bivalvi?) uniloculari, monospermo, (loculo altero ovarii 
constanter? abortivo). Semen erectum, umbilico lato 
affixum. Testa membranacea, basi prope umbilicum valde 
incrassata et indurata. Albumen nullum. Embryo sub- 
spiraliter contortuplicata; radicula longa, crassa, extremi- 
tate clavata, versus umbilicum tendens; cotyledones mem- 
branaceo-foliaceæ, penninerviæ, radicula flexuosa. 


Ophiocaryon paradoxum, Schomb. 


Arbor excelsa. Folia alterna, impari-pinnata, lis Cupanie 
Vonarane simillima. Foliola 3-6, alterna v. opposita, 
breviter et crasse petiolulata, oblongo-elliptica, breviter et 
obtuse acuminata, basi rotundata v. angustata, glabra, 
coriacea, supra nitida. Panicule ad apices ramorum sub- 
axillares, foliis breviores, ramosæ, floribundee, glabræ, ebrac- 
teolatæ, v. ad ramificationes bracteolis brevissimis latis 
. vix conspicuis instructe. Pedicelli brevissimi, alterni. 
. Flores vix 4 lin. longi. Sepala et petala inter se textura 
subsimilia, margine tenuia (alba?). Drupa magnitudine 
fructus Juglandis. 

— "The male flowers are still wanting to complete the des- 
cription. It will be rather a difficult task to procure them, 
as the Indians take notice only of trees under which they 
find the nuts lying, and which consequently have female or 
Aermaphrodite flowers. 

. The fruit is decidedly the most remarkable production 
of this tree: it is the size of a walnut, the kernel very 


378 BOTANICAL EXCURSION TO SALINAS. 


strikingly resembles a snake, when the thin membrane 

which covers it, is removed. The embryo is spirally twisted, 
or rather coiled up, the radicle long and its extremity clavate 

tending towards the umbilicus, the foliaceous cotyledons are 

marked with curved veins, somewhat contorted and. folded 

up between the radicle and the neck of the embryo. 

A slight curvature is observable in the embryo of several 
Sapindacee, and in the section Dodoneacee it is even twisted ; 
the cotyledons of that Order are generally large, but lam not 
aware that in any of the genera they are foliaceous as In 
Ophiocaryon. 

In Potamogeton, Zannichellia, &c., we have a similar in- 
stance of a spiral and lengthened embryo among Mono- 
cotyledonous plants ; and, among Dicotyledons, we find some- 
thing analogous in Humulus, Cistus, Bunias, Erucaria, 
Salsola, &c. 

The tree has been hitherto only discovered at the lower 
Essequibo, near the junction of the rivers Mazaruni and 
Cuyuni with the Essequibo; chiefly at the banks of the 
small rivers Ampa, Carrau and near Saxacalli. The Indians 
of the interior are perfectly unacquainted with the tree. 
Even at the Demerara river it is unknown, although it runs 
parallel with the Essequibo at a distance of fifteen to twenty 
miles to the eastward of it. 

The tree is in blossom in April and May and I have found 
mature fruits in November and likewise in January. 1am 
not aware that it possesses any medicinal property ; the re- . 
semblance of the kernel to a ‘snake has caused it to be con- - 
sidered by the populace as an antidote for snake poison. lt 
has an acrid, bitter taste. 


Botanical Excursion to Sauinas, an Indian Village ^ 
Chimborazo; by Proressor WILLIAM JAMESON: : 


; The city of Riobamba, capital of the province so named, 
is situated nearly in the centre of an extensive plain between - 


BOTANICAL EXCURSION TO SALINAS. 379 


the two main ridges of the Cordillera, which constitute its 
eastern and western boundaries. Of all the towns or vil- 
. lages it is perhaps the most recent, from the circumstance of 
. the ancient city having been in 1797 destroyed by an earth- 
quake, a catastrophe still fresh in the memory of the older 
inhabitants. The few that escaped established themselves 
in the present site, and the entire population, chiefly Indian, 
. may probably amount to 10,000 souls. The climate is cool 
. and remarkably dry, the soil barren in the extreme. By the 
. aid of artificial irrigation, a few vegetables and fields of 
. lucerne are cultivated; but the market is chiefly supplied 
from the mountains, the produce of the several farms, there 
situated, being transported on mules and “ Hamas.” 
On the 5th May, 1844, I set out on an expedition to 
. Salinas, an Indian village on the western flank of Chimborazo, 
. and was consequently obliged to cross the much frequented 
path called the * Arenal’ and descend to Guaranda. Leaving 
. Riobamba, the main road for the first two leagues is scarcely 
.. discernable from the loose-blowing sand that conceals the 
= tract. There is a scanty vegetation of Cactus, three species, 
_ Agave Americana, and a few bushes of Dodonea viscosa (No. 
. 917). As we approach the base of Chimborazo, the face of 
country improves considerably. Showers descend from 
the Cordillera. There is an abundant pasturage of native 
Srasses, and Cerealia are successfully cultivated. Among the 
Agricultural products peculiar to these regions are the 
. "quinoa" and “ oca,” (Chenopodium and Tropeolum), two 
. Plants used, from time immemorial, by the Indian population. 
3 Tropeolum produces its tubers at 12,000 feet, and the 
; Chenopodium ripens its seeds at a scarcely inferior eleva- 


. I passed the night at the farm house of San Juan, a large 
. state better calculated for the rearing of cattle than for the 
. Production of grain; its elevation cannot be less than 11,000 
| On the road side grew a large Cactus with round 
- branches, and a thick trunk clothed with moss (Tortula). 
His employed as a fence, and is I believe the hardiest plant 


380 BOTANICAL EXCURSION TO SALINAS. 


of that numerous tribe, reaching a station elevated about 
500 feet above this point; Calceolaria ericoides (No, 180) 
was particularly abundant. It produces a profusion of yel- 
low blossoms arranged in the form of a spike, but very 
frequently lax; the leaves are totally different from any other 
known species, hence the specific name. The other plants 
were three species of Solanum, one of them a large shrub, 
a Peperomia and Datura sanguinea, the last named tree 
always in the neighbourhood of houses, ; 

May 7.—This day's journey, which usually terminates in 
Guaranda, is peculiarly interesting to the botanical traveller 
from the variety of climate he traverses, giving rise to a 
diversity of vegetable forms. At a point named ** La Chor- 
rera," where the main road to Quito branches off, Draba 
grandiflora (No. 152) occurs in considerable abundance. It 
ranges between 12,500 and 13,500 feet. A little higher up 
is the “arenal,” perhaps the loftiest road in the world, with 
the exception of that to Cuenca traced across the Asuay. 
Many curious plants vegetate on this elevated plain; but 
owing to the inconstancy of weather, and the great distance 
to an inhabited spot, I am obliged to make a hasty survey; 
trusting to some future opportunity to complete it. As the 
weather was unfavourable, I had barely sufficient time to 
add to my collection a new Draba, (No. 153) having the 
habit of some of our European species, and Sida phyllan- 
thos? (No. 154). The only shrubs were Lupinus (No. 47); 
and Chuquiraga insignis (No. 227). There was also a Gera- — 
mium very abundant, forming little clumps or hillocks, —— 
Astragalus geminiflorus (No. 297) in loose sand, and on 
tracts denuded of every other vegetable body, a Lichen (No. d 
137) the same that I had previously seen on the volcanic —— 
sands of Cotopaxi at a nearly similar elevation. & 

As we approached the point where the road descends We — 
were frequently enveloped in a dense fog, and scarcely had we — 
turned the western flank when it commenced raining almost — 
incessantly. This state of the weather continues, with little 
intermission, from the end of December to the middle of 


Li Lg. T owe. 


BOTANICAL EXCURSION TO SALINAS. 381 


May, and corresponds to the wet season of the coast. The 
western ridge of the Andes, of which Chimborazo forms the 
loftiest summit, presents a barrier intercepting the clouds 
and condensing them in showers of rain, while the climate of 
the eastern side is characterized by the opposite extreme. 
Notwithstanding the bad weather, I added to my collection 
Polylepis lanuginosa (No. 204), which of all trees is perhaps 
that which grows at the greatest elevation on the globe. The 
trunk, nearly destitute of bark, is gnarled and twisted in the 
most fanciful manner, and the root penetrates deeply the 
rocky crevices, thus enabling the trees to resist the violent 
winds with which they are assailed during the period of the 
dry season. Between the limits of 1300 and 1400 feet they 
constitute a well defined zone characterized by the absence of 


all other trees. The more remarkable plants occurring in 


the same region are Gentiana cernua, (No. 184), Calceolaria, 
(No. 178), Eryngium humile, (No. 159), Silene, (No. 39), 
Baccharis thyoides, (No. 98), and Lathyrus, (No. 44). Lower 


_ down, these plants give place to the grasses, and at 1200 feet 


we again observe patches of forest; not of Polylepis, but of 
Aristotelia Maqui and Columellia sericea, (No. 58). "There is 


not, as in the central Cordillera, a well defined zone of 


shrubs. They may be equally numerous, but they are inter- 
mingled with forest trees. "l'here are no pines, and oaks are 
very rarely found. The plants that abound most are arborescent 
and shrubby Composite, No. 188, 245), Rosacee, (No. 223, 
224, 225), Melastomaceæ, (No. 169, 230), Scrophularinee, 


= (No. 178, 180, 181, 182), and Loranthee, (No. 224). The 
. Same observation respecting shrubbery is applicable to the 
.. descent of the Cordillera towards the source of the Marañon 


With this peculiarity, that the lofty ridge of the eastern chain 


. Produces, in the greatest abundance and of the most luxuriant 


3 Browth, a tall gramineous plant, (No. 92), impenetrable to 
. Wn or horse, and consequently any investigation in that 
.. Quarter is attended with serious difficulties. ; 


: The constant rain of the preceding months had rendered 
-: he road extremely bad.. I had calculated on reaching Gua- 


389 BOTANICAL EXCURSION TO SALINAS. 


randa before sunset, but unfortunately the mule that carried 
my luggage was thrown down in a narrow pass, where it was 
found impracticable to extricate her without taking off the 
load. So much time was lost before this could be accomplished 
that I was compelled to pass the nightin the open air, spreading 
over my bedding an indian-rubber poncho to exclude the rain. 

We entered Guaranda next day about 10, and having eat 
nothing for the last twenty-four hours, joined to the fatigue 
of the previous day's journey, I felt little inclination to move 
about. Guaranda merits no particular notice. "The houses 
are badly constructed and filthy, and the village, excepting 
on the Sundays, seems to be nearly deserted. The surround- 
ing scenery is highly picturesque. Hills cultivated to the 
summit, and houses frequently perched on the brow of a pre- 
cipice indicate marks of industry. The wealth of the province 
however consists in horses and mules, which are hired to 
transport articles of foreign manufacture to the capital. 

The native flora of Guaranda is of an interesting descrip- 
tion. One of the most showy plants is a Passiflora with a 
rich crimson blossom. There are several handsome Salvias, 
and no less than six Calceolarias. A tall shrub of the 
order Acanthacee*, (No. 166), with large orange flowers and. 
stiff holly-like leaves, grows on the sides of ravines. | 

May 16.—Started for Salinas, distant from Guaranda six 
leagues, and situated on the ridge of the Cordillera in a di- 
rection almost due north. The journey commences by aS- —— 
cending a hill, immediately beyond the suburb, terminating 
on the summit in a level road and traversing luxuriant fields — 
of wheat, barley, maize and lucerne, all beautifully verdant. 
The different Calceolarias were in fine bloom ; and with regard 
to geographical position, I may remark that numerous tribe 
is almost exclusively limited to the side of the Andes fronting 
the Pacific, not a single species having been found by me c 
a corresponding elevation on the eastern chain. The same 
remark will apply to the genus 4/stræmeria. : 


* Aphelandra carduifolia, Hook. Ic. Pl. tab. 718. 


BOTANICAL EXCURSION TO SALINAS. 383 


. We arrived at the estate of “ El Sinchig,” from which we 
enjoyed a magnificent view of the country we had just gone 
over, with the snowy summit of Chimborazo on the left. 
The house is built on an eminence, just on the verge of the 
_ cultivated district, and surrounded by a shrubbery of Fuchsia 
. triphylla entwined with a Loasa (No. 156) having fine 
. erange-coloured flowers. Leaving the farm-house, we enter a 
. harrow pass with very steep hills on either side, clothed with 
. trees of a distinct species of Polylepis, (No. 17), arborescent 
_ Composite, Valeriane, and, in short, the same vegetation 
. Observable on Chimborazo. We ascend on the left hand 
_ Side of the ravine, and pursuing a narrow path traced on its 
_ gfassy summit, we arrive, after a couple of hours? riding, at 
. the village of Salinas. | 
_ The salt springs have been the means of assembling a 
_ population on these lofty regions where the climate is too 
. Severe to be rendered available for the cultivation of the more 
_ hardy vegetables. The process for the extraction of salt is 
Conducted in a manner I have not seen practised elsewhere. 
_ À piece of ground is selected, having a gentle declivity, and 
. divided into different spaces of about 30 yards in length by 
6 in breadth, each of which has its respective proprietor. 
— When the weather is fair, and especially during sun-shine, 
: : the whole population, men and women, are busily employed 
_ M bathing the heated surface with a quantity of the salt 
. Water, which runs down and collects in a reservoir from 
_ Which it is repeatedly carried up in pitchers to undergo the 
. Same operation. When the briny fluid has acquired a high 
-. degree of concentration it is transferred to the boiler, usually 
_ Made of copper, where it is speedily evaporated. The resi- 
. Qum is immediately formed into cakes, weighing about a 
_ Couple of pounds each. As might be expected, the salt is 
very deliquescent and bitter, from the presence of the 
 Muriates of lime and magnesia. The water recently drawn - 
_ ‘Tom the spring contains protoxide of iron held in solution 
. 2y carbonic acid, and a quantity of sulphate of lime, all of 
_ Which are separated during the first stage of the process, that 


384 BOTANICAL EXCURSION TO SALINAS. 


of concentration. During the wet season; of course, no work 
can be done. 

No trees were found on this region excepting two Bud- 
dleas (Nos. 181 & 182), in the precincts of the village loaded 
with blossoms of a deep saffron colour,a large shrub (No. 
174), resembling a Thalictrum and used as a fence, Cassia 
(No. 214) and Datura sanguinea, which on the Andes appears 
to follow man wherever he chooses to establish himself. 
The nettle, of which there are two species, is another migra- 
tory plant, and will spring up wherever an attempt is made 
to cultivate the soil. I have frequently observed this plant 
on the elevated plains of the Andes, but always in circums- 
cribed localities : a sure indication that such spots were at 
one time tenanted by man and his flocks. : 

The village is backed by a wall of perpendicular cliffs many 
hundred feet in height, the rock being of the kind distin- 
guished by the term conglomerate. A constant disintegra- — 
tion is going forward, and wherever the water has under- — 
mined a portion of the stoney mass we have a beautiful vege- 
tation of Tropeolum (No. 155), Loasa (No. 156), and a Mu- 
_ lisia with orange-coloured flowers. Two Orchidee grow on the 
mural cliffs, one of them a Stelis with very succulent leaves; 
but on the elevated plains, the most abundant plants were — 
Plantago rigida (No. 10), and a beautiful little scarlet Gentian — 
which communicated a glow to the whole landscape. In — 
other respects the vegetation of this region is similar to that — 
I had seen en route. I shall therefore only add a list of Nat. 
Orders with the number of species occurring at the elevation — 
of 12,000—14,000 feet, which may be relied on as correct. —— 


Ranunculaceze 5 + 5 Onagrarieæ . SN 
Umbelliferæ i : + 7 Loaseæ . : Re 
Cruciferæ + 7 Melastomaceæ : 6 
Berberidee , . 2 Homalineæ . . "os 
Hypericineæ . 3 Sanguisorbeæ t. 0 
Escallonieæ ` 1 Rösaceæ = "Er 
Grossulaceæ me 9 


Leguminosæ . 


EN. -. 7.4 Myriceæ i 1 
Gunneraceæ ? (No. 199) . 1 Geraniacee . t vig 
Oxalideæ ares 3 Tropedlee .  . 1 
Polygaleæ 3 Violaceæ soe 
Passifloreæ . . cb Caryophyllee.- : 50754 

. Polygoneæ . | 

. Haloagee , . 1 Ericee .. | 4 

.. Vaccinieæ : 3 Lobeliaceæ 2 

_ Plantagineæ . . 3 Valerianæ 4 

Composite ,  . 29 Stellate . 3 

_loranthee . .  . 2 Asclepiadeæ . 1 

_ Gentianeæ . é . 7 Columelliaceæ l 
Scrophularineæ — . .12 Rhinanthacee . . 3 

E Solanes , “9 c. fabae 0... 5 5 

. Bromeliaeee .  .  . 2 Amarylidee . . . 3 

p Bidee spoon: 0o] 0 Bde  — 5 6:5 

EXungN  — ——. —. 2. Gram -.— . —.H 

ENNeracee . ^: 5. 3 Fes 00. C^ HM 

EX .  . 13 Hepat — — — ev. 


; 
a 


_ Lichenes ‘ A ; 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 385 


T Aa 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


: Boissrgn, Spanish Botany: Excursions round Malaga, &c. 


(Continued from p. 166). 


: . "The time had now arrived for me to quit Malaga and make 
An excursion on the sea-shore and mountains in the Province 


9fRonda. The season was peculiarly fitted for this tour, and 


X was my intention to devote a month to it, previous to 
. Visiting the high lands and lofty mountain chains of Grenada, 
Where vegetation is much backwarder. For this object I 
. purchased a strong mule, which should carry my plant- 
Paper and the small quantity of luggage necessary for 
Myself, such an animal being indispensable for a journey of 
| VOL, ry. F F 


386 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


the kind. It was thus only I should be enabled to. stop 
where I liked upon the road and to penetrate. into districts 
never visited by the carriers (arrieros). I engaged the ser- 
vices of a man from the environs of Velez, whose name was 
Antonio, a thorough specimen of the Andalusian peasant; he 
was always lively and talkative, singing his ballads as he went 
and in excellent spirits, except when I compelled him, to go 
with me upon the mountains, which he held in most devout 
detestation. 

We set off from Malaga at eleven in the forenoon, clad, like 
the people of the country, with a peaked somórero on our 
heads, cartridge-box at the girdle and musket on the shoul- 
der. This garb, which is always worn by travellers, whether 
townsfolk or peasantry, is remarkably convenient, allowing 
people to go about without exciting any curiosity ; while the 
sight of a coat and beaver hat never fails to raise a commotion 
in every village, and. sets the dogs barking, and inasmuch as it 
is considered to mark the wearer as an Englishman, it affords 
an unfavourable badge for attracting the attention of plunde- : 
rers. After quitting the city, we traversed a monotonous part 
of the Vega lying between the sea on the right hand and a 
line of sandy hills on the left. The fields presented not the 
slightest shadow, and the deficiency of water causes perfect 
sterility in the dry years. The waters of the Guadaljora 
might be brought hither with little difficulty or expense. 
noticed Galium glomeratum (Desf.), Cichorium. divaricatum, — 
Scolymus maculatus, and S. Hispanicus. The road was €en- 
livened by numerous parties of peasants on their way to the B 
city, coming from the large villages of Coin, Alhaurin: and i 
Churriana and Torremolinos, where all the bread used m — 
Malaga is made, because of the excellent. quality. of ther — 
water. We soon fell in-with the Guadalhorce or Rio;de Mæ — 
laga, a large stream which rises near Antequera and is brought — 
over the ruins of an aqueduct and bridge of Roman construc : 
tion. Most. of the arches having fallen, the: pillars chiefly | 
remain, their massy shafts entwined with shrubs and climb- a 
ing plants. These long ruins, which may be seen in many - 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 387 


_ places in the fields, have a striking appearance and remind 
. the traveller of the Campagna of Rome. | 

= We had now reached a height, equal to that of the eastern 
a extremity of the Sierra de Mijas, by which, all day long, our 
E- view of the sea had been shut out, and we passed at a small 
.. distance the country residence called Retiro, which the Mala- 
. Buefios vaunt too much to strangers, but where they find 
_ What is certainly very rare in their neighbourhood, shade and 
Tunning streams. The country through which we now tra- 
velled was delightful and fertile; either farms, girded with 
| ange groves, or forests of olive trees, among which the gentle 
breeze allayed the heat of noon and from whence the eye 
might catch distant prospects through the trembling leaves. 
_ This lovely valley did not continue long with us, and leaving 
. it we ascended an uncultivated and vast plain which slopes 
. Southward from the Sierra. All this open space was dotted 
With species of Cistus, thorny shrubs, and here and there, a 
few clusters of stunted Evergreen Oaks. About mid-way, we 
came to a hut made of leaves, where four peasants from Al- 
haurin mounted guard; many plundering attacks, which 
lately occurred in this neighbourhood, having given rise;to 
this precaution, and indeed it had been difficult for robbers 
to select a spot more favourable for their purposes, for they 
might every where lay ambushes among these wild thickets 
and escape pursuit by fleeing to the mountains. Though 
Vegetation was somewhat monotonous, I still gathered some 
interesting plants, as Cleonia Lusitanica, Stachys Italica, 
villosa, Dianthus serrulatus and the elegant Linum 
suffruticosum, which grew abundantly among the bushes, its 
corollas being successively pink, white, and yellow. After 
_ Walking for about five Spanish leagues, we descended by an 
. “sy slope to Alhaurin, a perfect earthly paradise, full of mul- 
: and orange trees, and watered with numberless brooks. 
So fertile ; is the land by nature, that splendid harvests are 
ripened beneath the shade of these trees; and a naturalist 
need to have visited southern Spain, ere hé can form an idea 
productive power of i its soil, when blessed with a mo- 
FF 2 


388 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


derate degree of moisture. All was full of freshness and life 


here, while the heat of the sun had already scorched up the. 


environs of Malaga. The hedges of brambles and of Coriaria 
myrtifolia were adorned, as in other parts of temperate 
Europe, with many delicate species of plants, as Fumeria 
capreolata, Campanula Erinus, Geranium Robertianum and 
G. lucidum, Veronica Cymbalaria, Fedia Cornucopie, Centran- 


thus Calcitrapa and Arenaria spathulata. The village which 


lies embosomed in this ocean of lovely verdure does not dis- 
parage from the aspect of the country; for it is large and 
cleanly, many of the inhabitants of Malaga possessing villas 
in it, where they shun, during the height of summer, the 


scorching heat of the coast; in addition to several English- 


families, who, coming originally only to spend the winter, 
have become so much attached to the place, as to settle 
finally in it. The public-house, or Posada, where I stopped, 
was however, in disagreeable contrast with the rest of the 
village, being filthy, inconvenient and infested with bugs; while 
to complete my annoyance, a party of gypsies, here called 


Gitanos, had taken up their abode in it, and being the rough- 
est and rudest people on earth, they spent the whole night. 


in bawling, shouting and quarrelling. ; 
The next day I went to visitthe springs, to which this district 
owes its fertility, here called Nascimientos. Some of the village 


wags, who generally spend their time in lounging about the — 


houses of public entertainment, in order to chat with new 
comers and to learn the news, followed me during my walk and 
took care tospread the intelligence, as we went along, that I was 


4 


about to turn loose a most wonderful snake in the waters. - 4 
The tidings took effect and half the village was quickly a£ my — 


heels, while a rolling fire of jests was kept up between the 


mystifiers and the mystified, amid which, my servant, sud - 


denly reising the lid of my tin botanizing box, increased the 
sport by putting to flight a flock of children, who thought 


the monster was already giving them chase. The spring P 


towards which we took our course, is a streamlet of the 


clearest and brightest water, which finds its way through the | 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION, 389 


crevices of calcareous, stony and ferruginous coloured earth, 


- lying at the foot of a wall of rocks, by which the uniform 


slope of the Sierra is intersected for half a league ; it trickles 
onward between banks, shaded with noble Poplars, and 
where rustic benches have been placed for the public accom- 
modation. I feel quite incompetent to describe the beauty of 
the view which I beheld that evening at sunset. A little 
below was the village encircled with orange-groves, farther 
off the forests of olive, then the whole hollow of the vale and 
Opposite me, in the distance, the imposing and massive Sier- 
ra de la Nieve, already bathed in the clear twilight peculiar to 


à southern sky. 


My friend Hoenselaer had strongly urged me to climb the 
Sierra de Mijas, where he promised me a rich harvest, spite 
of its apparent sterility. To reach this mountain, I retraced 
a part of the Malaga road, and quitting it to the left hand, 
soon reached a beautiful nascimiento, whose abundant stream 
turned several mills. The argillaceous soil around the 


Spring was decked with those delicate Helianthemums, of 


which the blossoms only expand at the earliest morning hour 


and drop away as soon as the sun is fairly risen; these were 


H. Niloticum, intermedium, salicifolium and Ægyptiacum, 


growing along with Micropus supinus, M. bombacynus and 


Evax pygmea. On arriving at the foot of the wall of rock, 


. Mentioned above, I was delighted to find a vast number of 


: lovely plants that I have never seen before, flourishing 


beautifully in this moist spot, with a north exposure. There 
were Herniaria polygonoides, the fragile and delicate Linaria 
villosa, its leaves covered with a gummy and fragrant exuda- 


.. tion, and then came Sazifraga globulifera and Campanula ve- 


lutina, gracing the angular and rough fractures of the stones 
With tufts of white and blue blossoms. Wherever the rock 
formed hollows and caverns, might be seen enormous tufts of 

| ia corymbosa, a plant which seems to shun the outward 
air and of which the peduncles may be observed lengthening 


z "And stretching in every direction after the flowers are past, 
.. Seeking to deposit its seeds in the fissures. I also gathered there 


390 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


Ephedra altissima (Desf.) and, Queen of all, Anthyllis podo- 
cephala, a lovely shrub. with silky leaves, and crowned with 
clusters of golden yellow flowers. The distance I had yet to 
go in the day forbade my doing more than take a superficial 
glance at these treasures, which the proximity of the village 
would allow me to revisit the following day, so I regretfully 
forsook theserocks and pursued my way among slopes, covered 
with species of Cistus, Rosemary and Kermes Oaks. We conti- 
nued ascending by a ravine, called La Cañada del Infierno ; 
it was now dry and the bottom was covered with a fine sand, 
among which grew abundance of Alyssum serpyllifolium, At- 
lanticum, and Mercurialis tomentosa ; this sand is found, here : 
and there, all over the mountain being formed by the decom- 
position of the white calcareous chrystal of which the moun- 
tain itself consists, I gathered in succession several species 
peculiar to the mountainous region, viz. Macrochloa arenarria, 
a gigantic kind of grass, which bears, on a stalk five or six feet 
long, a large golden spike, Armeria alloides, with white blos- 
soms, Senecio arachnoideus and minutus, Echium albicans, à 
magnificent plant, whose aspect recalls the individuals of the 
same genus which are peculiar to the Canary Islands, and 
Reseda undata, called by the shepherds, in allusion to its long 
straight round flower-spike, “ Hopo de Horra,” or Fow's tail. 
During this excursion I enjoyed, to the full, the delights of 
discovery ; à pleasure which was keenly renewed and varied 
during every successive excursion in Andalusia, and which 
cannot be felt in Central Europe, where every inch of ground 
has been trodden and re-trodden by experienced botanists. — 


Here and there, some flocks of goats and sheep were wearlly = 


seeking their scanty food amid this thorny vegetation, where 
hardly a trace of the gramineous tribes is to be seen. The 
owners drive these poor animals to the mountain from Alhau- 


rin, Mijas, and other surrounding villages, whither they — 


return in the evening, and it is incomprehensible how the 
slender portion of vegetation that can be thus collected 
should afford them sufficient strength to accomplish this - 
long daily journey. pres pu d er 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION; 391 


From the summit, 3520 feet above the sea, we gained a 
noble panoramic view of the surrounding country. Malaga 
and its lighthouse might be descried towards the east, and 
beyond that city the mountains of Grenada; on the opposite 
side stretched the mountains of Ronda and the distant. rock 
of Gibraltar, its point wrapped in mist. But the spot which 
chiefly fascinated my attention and from which I could 
scarcely take my eyes, was the continent of Africa, which I 
beheld for the first time. I could plainly discern the forky 
summit that rises above Ceuta; and fronting me, several 
higher mountains, not however so clearly defined, because of 
the gradual widening of the strait. I have since been able to 
perceive the shore of Africa from Malaga even; but this can 
only be done when the weather is very clear and the gazer 
has the advantage of rather an elevated situation, such as is 
afforded by the Castle of Gibralfaro. à mors 
: The Sierra de Mijas, at whose western extremity I was 
_ posted, runs from. West to East as far as Torremolinos, one 
. league distant from Malaga. Its summits are rounded and 
_ the sides furrowed by numerous ravines, consequent on its 
de sandy formation. "Towards the south the slope is more rapid 
.. than on the north, and between it and the sea lies a country 
regularly intersected with undulating hills and little vallies 
through which passes the road, usually travelled, from Malaga 

to Gibraltar, past the Castle of Fuengirola. I found the 
high parts of the mountains covered with shrubs, many of 

. them similar to those of the plains, the elevation not being 
.8ufficient to produce, in this latitude, a total change of vege- 
tation. Ulex australis prevailed, mingled. with Rosemary, 
` Juniperus Oxycedrus, Cistus incanus, salvifolius, Monspelien- 
. Sis and atriplicifolius. A Helianthemum, with. white flowers 
and downy foliage, formed elegant little bushes ; and, com- 

: bined with most of the plants which I have already enume- 
_ fated, as belonging to the subalpine region, I noticed Bork- 
Adusia albida, Valeriana tuberosa, Carex gynobasis, Erysimum 
canescens, Orchis anthropophora, and Asphodelus: fistulosus. 
Tn the clefts. of rock which terminate the mountain on the 


392 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


south side, I gathered the beautiful Linaria tristis, with 
flowers of a blackish-purple hue, Calendula  suffruticosa, 
Saxifraga globulifera and an  umbelliferous plant, which 
grows upon Mount Atlas, Bunium glaberrimum ; it was not 
in flower, but I recognized it by the peculiar form of its 
leaves. 

The approach of evening could alone induce me to tear 
myself away from this rich harvest ; I descended to the Cross 
of Mendoza and thence to Alhaurin by a rapid slope which 
leads straight to the Nascimiento, and along which, in spite 
of its aridity, I gathered several rare species, as Matthiola 
varia, Brassica humilis, a new kind of Herniaria, a curious 
velvetty-leaved variety of Ranunculus gramineus and a lovely 
Tris, near Xiphium, its purple blossoms spotted with yellow. 
The Cross of Mendoza is a shoulder of the mountain where 
stand several ancient and rudely carved wooden crosses; 
it is a much venerated place of pilgrimage in the country and - 
my posadera (landlady) assured me that she had often 
walked thither (Jos pies descalzos) barefoot, to obtain the 
exemption of her son from the conscription. Her devotion 
had succeeded, “ Blessed be the Holy Virgin,” said she, “my 
son is now married and an honest man like his father.” This 
was equivocal praise, for rarely have I met with a greater rogue 
than the landlord of that inn. Every body knows that the 
hostelries in Spain contain no provision for the traveller’s 
use, and if a new comer ventures to ask what he can have to 
eat, the constant reply is Caballero, lo que Vmd. trae, “ Sir, 
whatever you may please to have brought with you.” It is, 
therefore, necessary to purchase for one’s self in the village 
here and there, what is wanted. In some of the more civilized 
Places, the host undertakes this office, laying a profit upon every 
article ; and at the moment of departure a long bill is handed 
in, where every item is specified, down to the oil and salt 
which have been used in preparing the food, and the traveller — — 
is amazed to find that he has quite as much to pay for — 
these wretched provisions as in the best Fondas of the city: 

On my return from the Sierra, I spent a day in study- 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 393 


ing. and drying my plants, and then paid another and 
last visit to the shelf of rocks, which had already afforded me 
such interest and delight. 

(To be continued.) 


Notes of a Botanical Visit to MApRAs, CoIMBATORE, and 
the NeetGuerry Mounraixs ; by G. Garpner, Esq. 
F.L.S., Superintendent of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Ceylon. 


(In a letter to the Editor.) 


When Dr. Wight visited Ceylon in 1836, he under- 
took, at the suggestion of the then Governor, to publish a 
new edition of Moon's Catalogue of Ceylon plants, and for 
_ that purpose all the collections which had been accumulating 
. at the Botanical Garden from the time of Mr. Moon, 
. were sent to him. Several circumstances contributed to 
= prevent his accomplishing this task, among which may be 
mentioned the fact, that but few of the plants named in the 
Catalogue were found in the collection, and, of those which 
. did exist, the greater part were in such bad condition as to 
= be almost indeterminable. On my arrival in Ceylon, Dr. 

. Wight wrote to say that the whole of the specimens would 
| be returned, at the same time kindly offering, provided 
. the government would allow me to visit him, to assist in 
. Comparing the Ceylon specimens with his own rich Indian 
herbarium, with the view to having them correctly deter- 
‘Mined. This was an offer not to be neglected, as it would 
Save me the very laborious undertaking of ascertaining their 
names by books alone ; and on laying the matter before His 
| Excellency the Governor, he, with that liberality which he 
. "As uniformly extended towards the Gardens and the inves- 
-tigation of the Botany of the Island since my arrival, at once 
Sranted me leave for such a period as might be found neces- - 
“ary to accomplish the object in view. 
> On the first of November of last year (1844) I started 
ftom Kandy, with the intention of taking a passage to 
VOL. ry, G G 


394 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


Madras in the steamer * Hindostan, which was expected to 
call at Galle about the eighth. I was, however, prevented 
from accomplishing this plan by a very untoward circum- 
stance. Being unable to obtain a seat in either of the two 
coaches which run between Colombo and Kandy, I was 
obliged, from my slower mode of travelling, to sleep at night 
at the half-way ‘Rest House,’ which is situated in one of the 
most unhealthy places in the island, and there imbibed the 
seeds of a jungle fever, which three days afterwards laid me 
up, at little more than an hour’s notice. It was fortunate for 
me that, anticipating what was about to occur, I secured the 
immediate advice of the son of an old friend of yours, the 
highly esteemed Irish naturalist, Mr. Templeton. He is @ 
Surgeon in the Army, who has been several years in Ceylon, 
and, you will be glad to learn, inherits his father’s love for 
the study of Natural History. At present he is engaged 
in working up materials for a * Fauna’ of Ceylon. 
Notwithstanding the active treatment adopted, it was 
ten days before I was able to stir out, and in the mean- 
time the steamer had sailed. As another was expected 
about the end of the month, I went on to Galle to await 
her arrival; but owing to detentions it was not till the end 
of December that she reached Ceylon. During my stay 
at Galle I enjoyed the hospitalities of your friend Captain 
Champion, and with him made several short Botanical excur- 
sions in the neighbourhood. I could not, however, expose 
myself much, for I had several returns of fever in theshape — — 
of ague. The Botany of the south end of the island, as I 
learned from these short rambles, is very rich, and I hope 
ere long to be able to spend a month or two there with de 
proper appliances for making large collections, both for our 2 
own establishment and the Royal Gardens at Kew. 
At Madras I was again fortunate in meeting with kind 
friends in the son and nephew of my preceptor in Chemistry» 
Professor 'Thomson of Glasgow. It was at the coldest season 
of the year I arrived there, and my health was much bene- 
 fited by the change. There is something far more oriental 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 395 


in the appearance of Madras, than in any of the towns 
of Ceylon. The turbaned natives, their loose flowing 
dresses, so well suited to a hot climate, the mosques with 
lofty minarets, and the flat-roofed houses, on the tops of 
Which parties of wild monkeys are not unfrequently to be 
seen gambolling, recall most vividly the pictures of Eastern 
scenes, which every boy has read with delight in the fasci- 
nating tales of the ‘Arabian Nights” That part of the 
suburbs where the greater number of Europeans reside, 
looks like one vast garden, each house being surrounded by 
a large piece of ground laid out with trees and shrubs. The 
roads which intersect them are wide, well kept, and planted 
. On either side with a row of trees, the commonest of which 
. are the beautiful golden-flowered Thespesia, the  ash- 
. like Odina Wodier, and different species of Wild Fig, the 
branches of the latter fantastically adorned with pendent 
_ masses of horse-tail-like roots. "The hedges which surround 
the enclosures are either formed of Opuntias, Inga dulcis, 
Lawsonia inermis, Euphorbia Tirucalli, or a small species of 
Bamboo, among which twine innumerable Convolvulacee, 
Asclepiadee, Leguminose, and Cucurbitacee. I visited 
the garden belonging to the Horticultural Society, which 
is of course principally intended as an experimental one for 
. Agricultural and Horticultural objects. The botanical col- 
lection is not large, but contains several plants not yet in- 
troduced to Ceylon, some of which I hope to obtain by 
exchange. It suffers from two almost irremediable evils— 
abad soil, and impossibility of extension. i 

Coimbatore, where Dr. Wight at present resides, is 
about 320 miles distant from Madras; in a south-westerly 
direction, and to save time I determined to travel post, 


mode in England. In place of a carriage, I had to pur- 
Chase a palankeen, and instead of horses, to have relays 
9f bearers placed at different stations along the road. To 
Set the latter part of this business arranged, required eight 
= aw. 


Which, however, is somewhat different from the so called - 


TE TO 


396 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


days’ notice to the Post-Master-General, and the deposit 
of a sum of money sufficient to pay the bearers, which 
for the distance I had to travel amounted to about £20. 
The whole journey was accomplished in less than five 
- days, from which you may judge that I had not much 
time for sleeping, for to a ‘Griffin’, like myself, such a 
luxury is not to be enjoyed in a palankeen when on 
the way. To those who can take time, India is quite a 
delightful country to travel in, compared with South 
America. Along the whole of the principal roads, public 
* Bungalows, or Rest Houses, have been erected at the dis- 
tance of every ten or twelve miles, for the use of travellers, 
substantially furnished with chairs, tables, and bedsteads, 
and generally entrusted to the care of an old Sepoy. Tra- 
vellers are obliged to carry their bedding and provisions, 
for of the latter little is to be had at these places, 
except milk, eggs, and the requisites for a dish of curry 
and rice; but even these simple viands cannot always be 
obtained. 

During the three first days I encountered very heavy 
rains, and in consequence found it difficult to cross some - 
of the rivers, particularly one at Arcot, the bed of which 
is more than half a mile broad, with a quick-sand 
bottom. The whole country through is very flat, re- 
minding me much of the level plains — the northern 
provinces of Brazil. In such parts as can be irrigated, rice 
and other grains peculiar to the East are cultivated, while the 
more elevated and drier tracts give pasturage to oxen, buffalos, 
sheep, and goats. There is a very tolerable carriage-ro 
all the way, and a row of trees having been planted along 
each side of the greater part of it, the pedestrian traveller - 
constantly meets with a cool shade under which to rest. The 
trees principally selected for this purpose are numerous. 
varieties of Wild Fig, and the Tamarind. Some of the latter - 
are the largest and finest I have ever seen. My journey Was. 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 397 


foo rapid for making collections, which I did not greatly 
regret, for the ground has been often gone over by Dr. 
Wight. ; 

Two days before reaching Coimbatore, I had a smart fit of 
ague, which returned on the day after my arrival with in- 
creased force, and prostrated me so much that I was con- 
fined to bed for nearly a week. I received a most hearty 
welcome from Dr. Wight, who was quite delighted to meet 
with a brother Botanist. He was on the Neelgherries when 
I informed him from Madras that I was near at hand, and 
he only reached Coimbatore a few hours before me. For 
the last three years he has been employed in superintending 
a large Cotton Farm, established here by order of the 
Court of Directors of the East India Company; and con- 
ducted on the North American plan of cultivation; Ameri- 
can planters being engaged for that purpose. It has not, 
however, answered so well as was anticipated, for the 
soil is too light to admit of more than two crops being 
— taken off the same plantation in succession, and even then 
the second crop is decidedly inferior to the first. This is 
with regard to American Cotton. In America the case is 
very different, for there the same ground is kept under 
Cotton cultivation for years in succession; and it is the 
same in the northern districts of Brazil, such as Pernam- 
buco and Maranham. Coimbatore is about 25 miles distant 
from the foot of the Neelgherry range, and the country 
round it is flat. There is not much depth of soil, for at 
one or two feet below the surface there exists in some places 
. a very thick stratum of botryoidal limestone, and in others 

disintegrating gneiss and granite. 

. The Ceylon collections were more extensive than I 
anticipated, but by far the greater part are in a very bad 
State of preservation. Moon seems to have been a most 
indefatigable collector, for among his plants we found 

most of the species detected by subsequent Superin- 

tendents of the Garden, and other collectors. During 
the month of January, Dr. Wight and I worked very 


& 


398 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


- 


constantly at them, first grouping them into their natural 
Orders and Genera, and then comparing them, species by 
species, with those in the Doctor's Herbarium. By this 
means, together with the use of his valuable and exten- 
sive botanical library, we were enabled to ascertain which are 
. new species, and to name those that had already been des- 
eribed. From the materials in this collection, and in that 
made by the accomplished Mrs. Col. Walker, which you so 
kindly presented me with previous to my departure from Eng- 
land, together with what I have collected since my arrival, and 
still hope to accumulate, I trust to be able, in the course of a 
very few years, to prepare for publication a Flora of the 
island, worthy of the richness and beauty of its vegetation, 
and of the encouragement afforded me both by the home and - 
local government. This, however, as you are well able to 
judge, will be a work of no little labour, as it must contain 
descriptions of from four to five thousand species, being 
considerably more than half of all the plants defined by 
Linnæus in the last edition of his * Species Plantarum.’ : 
In the course of our evening walks or drives, I always - 
contrived to pick up a few specimens of those plants | 
which are indigenous to the plains of India, or at least 
to the Peninsula. Several of them are of great botanical 
interest. Thus, in a large tank near Dr. Wight’s house, 
Vallisneria spiralis grows in the utmost abundance, along 
with its near ally Hydrilla Roxburghii. In hedges and 
bushy places, the Azima tetracantha, Lam., is very com- 
mon. This, like many other genera of imperfectly known 
structure, has been bandied about from Order to Order, and, — 
wandering-Jew-like, has been hitherto unable to find a place 
of rest. An investigation which we instituted with regard to 
its structure and affinities yielded us much satisfaction. - 
We both sat down to examine it, and, unknown to each | 
other, arrived at the same conclusion, viz.: that it forms 
the type of a new Order, intermediate between Oleacee and 
Jasminacee. We have drawn up a conjoint memoir on the - 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 399 


subject, and sent it to the Caleutta Journal of Natural 
History for publication. The following is a short extract 
—“ The principal reason, it appears, why those Bota- 
nists who have written on this genus have not been led 
to refer it to its proper position in the natural system, 
is, that too much importance was attached to its being 
polypetalous. Notwithstanding this structure, we believe 
its affinities lean less towards the polypetalous than the 
monopetalous division of plants; and in the latter we 
are inclined to place it, as a distinct Order between Oleacee 
and Jasminacee. That it is nearly related to these Orders, 
more nearly, indeed, than to any others in the system, 
our analysis clearly shows; but to neither can it be 
referred, from the almost equal affinity it bears to each. 
Thus it corresponds with Oleacee in the structure of the 
flower, differing principally in having 4, not 2, stamens. If 
we reflect, however, that in its floral envelopes, Oleacee is 
_ tetramerous, it is to be expected that truly Oleaceous genera 
May yet be discovered having four stamens. The dicecious 
character of Azima is met with in more than one species 
of Olea; and free petals exist in Linociera. Azima is essen- 
tially distinguished from Oleacee by its erect, not pendulous, 
= Oyules and exalbuminous seed. On the contrary, it agrees 
= With Jasminacee in the nature of its ovary and fruit, but 
. mot in the details of its floral envelopes. From Oleacee 
it differs in habit, while it coincides with that of the scandent 
_ Species of Jasminum.” 
. During my visit to Coimbatore I made myself better 
acquainted than formerly with the structure of the fruit 
of the Natural Order Cucurbitaceæ, a subject to which, 
as you are aware, Dr. Wight has paid much attention. 
Perhaps the few following observations connected with it 
may not be unacceptable. 
Most writers on the subject describe the fruit as one- 
 telled, with parietal placente. The definition given by 
 Jussieu in his * Genera Plantarum" is more complex:— 
i SE ructus inferus baccatus, cortice sæpius solido, unilocularis, 


400 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


mono-vel polyspermus, aut multi-locularis polyspermus, re- 
ceptaculis seminiferis lateralibus seu parieti affixis." Lindley 
says: * Fruit fleshy, more or less succulent, crowned by the 
scar of the calyx, 1-celled, with three parietal placentæ 37 
and in his * School Botany’ has given a diagram illustrative 
of this structure. Arnott defines a Pepo to be “a fleshy 
inferior fruit, either indehiscent or bursting irregularly, 
and consisting of about three carpels, each divided 
into two cells by its placentiferous margin being so intro- 
flexed as to reach the dorsal suture."  Endlicher's view is 
still different :—* Ovarium inferum, rarissime -uniloculare, . 
ovulo unico ex apice loculi pendulo, plerumque e carpidiis 
tribus vel quinque compositum, carpidiis usque ad axim 
idealem involutis, iterumque revolutum porrectis, marginibus 
ovaliferis parietem attingentibus sex- vel decem-loculare, 
septis alternis sterilibus, alternis angulo parietali utrinque 
ovuliferis sepissime septis primariis e carpidiorum marginibus 
introflexis obsoletis, triquinqueloculare vel secundariis € 
carpidiorum marginibus revolutis pariter obliteratis uni- 
loculare, placentis parietalibus tribus vel quinque gemi- 
natis.” Such a structure as this may be consistent with 
theory, but assuredly not with fact. 

Seringe, in his “ Mémoire sur la famille des Cucurbitacées,” 
was the first to point out, about twenty years ago, the true 
nature of a cucurbitaceous fruit, which, although simple, is 
so extraordinary, and different from what exists in other 
orders, that I can well believe him when he says that he hesi- 
tated to make it known. After describing the normal plan on 
which fruits are formed, viz.: by carpellary leaves, either — 
applied edge to edge, as in those which are one-celled ; oF 
with their margins introflexed, as in such as are plurilocular, 
he says:—* Mais comment se figurer que cette feuille de 
Cucurbitacée, ployée comme il vient d’être dit, pourra 5€ 
retourner dans le fruit et son bord seminifére se trouver dans 
la circonférence au lieu d'occuper le centre? c'est cependant 
ce qu'il faut se figurer pour comprendre l'organisation des 
Cucurbitacées. Le genre Phaca offre bien un exemple de ren- 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 40} 


versement dans son fruit, la gousse pendant sa maturation 
se tourne sur la base; mais comment le supposer dans une 
Courge, dont les carpelles sont entourées du torus et du calyce? 


Cette position des carpelles existe cependant dans cette 


singulière famille, et me paroît tellement incompréhensible 
que j'ai eu de la peine à me décider à l'annoncer. J'ai fait 
des coupes de fruits trés-jeunes, demi-mûrs et mûrs de bien 
des Cucurbitacées, et j'ai toujours trouvé la méme position 
des carpelles.” De Candolle adopts this view in his 
* Prodromus; as may be learned from the following passage : 
—“ Carpella 3 vel 5, carnosa (abortu? solitaria) toro et 
calyce involuta, peponidem formantia, nervo medio carpel- 
lorum centrali et margine seminifero externo." 

Neither Seringe nor De Candolle has, however, so 
clearly or satisfactorily demonstrated this very singular 
structure, as has Dr. Wight, in his paper originally 
published in the ‘Madras Journal of Science “In a 
Pepo,” says Dr. Wight, “the’ normal position of the mid- 
rib of the carpellary leaf is reversed, that is, placed in the 
axil, and the placentiferous margins towards the circumfe- 


rence. That such is actually the case requires no argument 
to prove; we have only to cut the ovary of any true 


cucurbitaceous plant, to be made sensible, at a glance, that 
itis so." "To test this theory I examined the young ovaries 
of several species of the Order, and in all of them found 
convincing evidence of its truth. In Coccinia Indica 
the structure is most beautifully exhibited, for there the 
revolute margins of the carpels which form the dissepiments 


. do not adhere, and when a longitudinal cut is made in a 


transverse slice of the ovary, the three carpels readily 


separate from each other, the inner angle exhibiting a dense 
point of vascular tissue, which evidently is the mid- 
rib. When the carpels are thus separated, and allowed 


_ to retain their adhesion to the adherent tube of the 


- _ Calyx, the placente are distinctly seen to be formed 


from the slightly involute margins of the revolute car- 
Pellary leaf. In the species of Bryonia with two cells, the 


402 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


midribs of the carpels are still in the axis of the fruit, the 
partition being formed by the laminæ, and the placente by 
their very slightly revolute margins. In this case, as in- 
deed in all the species I have examined, the external walls of 
the cells are constituted alone by the tube of the calyx. The 
only difference then between this and the usual structure 
of a fruit is, that in the one case, the carpellary leaves 
are involute, in the other revolute. The few words of 
De Candolle express the structure of a Pepo admirably, 
while the verbose character of Endlicher is quite unintel- 
ligible. Dr. Wight informs me that the late lamented Mr. 
Griffith was most determinedly opposed to the revolute 
theory.* 

The close confinement to which I subjected myself during 
the month of January in arranging the Ceylon collections, 
together with several returns of ague, so much injured 
my general health, that at the recommendation of the civil 
medical attendant here, who is married to a daughter of 
your Cape correspondent, Baron Ludwig, I determined to 
make a run up to the Sanitorium on the Neelgherries 
a week or two to recruit, and check, if possible, the - 


periodical attacks of my fever. Dr. Wight's family being — — 


on the mountains, he kindly consented to accompany me. 
Ootacamund, the principal station on the hills is about 

fifty miles from Coimbatore, one half of which distance 

was traversed before reaching the foot of the range, and 


this was accomplished the first day. The road is neatly 


level all the way; as we passed along, I observed many - 


plantations of cotton, tobacco, and castor oil. The s : 
hedges along the road, and between the fields, are mostly — 


formed of Euphorbia Antiquorum, tortilis, and Tirucalli. 


* Long before this reaches you, you will have heard of the death ob 7 
Mr. Griffith, He had but shortly returned from Calcutta to Malacca 
when he was cut off on the 8th of February, by inflammation of the liver, — 
after only a few days’ illness. Thus has India’s brightest botanical orna- ——— 
ment been taken away, even before the prime of life; but, young as he 


was, he has left an undying fame behind him, 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 403 


Sometimes Amyris Gileadensis is used, and while it very 
. much resembles the hawthorn of Europe, quite equals it 
_ asa fence. About Coimbatore a species of Viscum grows 
. very commonly on the two first kinds of Euphorbia, a fact 
. at variance with the assertion of De Candolle, (Prodr. 4, 
p. 277), that the Loranthacee “vegetant super omnes 
fere arbores dicotyledoneas, Jactiferis exceptis.” In many 
places by the sides of the road, splendid specimens of the 
. Tamarind and Wild Figs may be seen. The most common 
of the latter is the Ficus Benjamina, very remarkable for 
. the profusion of roots which it throws down from its 
3 branches. These, when they reach the ground, became 
. Secondary stems, as in the true Banyan tree. Those who 
. wish additional facts to prove that the wood of Exogenous 
trees is formed by bud roots, have only to look at one 
_ of these trees to be fully convinced of the truth of this 
beautiful doctrine. The main stem of some of them, indeed - 
I may say of all does not form one solid mass, as 
"usually occurs in other trees, but is a congeries of thick 
branching roots, which come down from the lower ends of 
the large branches, surround the original shoot or stem, and 
Overlay each other in such an open reticulated manner, that 
daylisht can often be seen through a trunk several feet in 
diameter. It is also curious to observe that the long hori- 
. Zontal main branches of these trees have not the conical 
- Shape, or at least not so much, as those of other trees. What 
is the cause of this? The explanation is very simple. The 
Toots which are sent down from the buds between the bark 
and the previously formed wood, in place of reaching the 
lower part of the branch, are thrown out along the course 
9f it in masses, which, as I have before stated, resemble 
enormous horse-tails, and hence the necessity which the 
branches of such trees have for the supports which are 
formed by these roots when they reach the ground. In- 
Stances have been known of the main trunk of these trees, ak 
hough totally destroyed, yet continuing to live, its functions — 
wg performed, and the whole mass. supported, by the - 


404 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


supernumerary stems formed of the tender rootlets given 
out by the branches. M 

In the course of our drive many kinds of plants occurred, 
which I had not before met with in a wild state. The 
most curious were the Stapelia-like Caralluma fimbriata, 
and Bucerosia umbellata, both inhabiting dry arid stony fields, 
along with Coleus aromaticus. In the same localities 
Cassia auriculata and Dodonea Burmanniana grow in the 
greatest profusion. 

Next morning, a ride of five miles brought us to the foot 
of the Neelgherries, which rise very suddenly out of the 
plains. At this point the country is well wooded, and among 
the large trees, Strychnos Nux vomica and the superb Butea 
frondosa appear most conspicuous, the former bearing 
abundance of large orange-coloured fruit, and the latter 
loaded with large panicles of bright red flowers. Here we 
collected specimens of Cardiospermum canescens, Glycosmis 
arborea, Getonia floribunda, and a magnificent Ipomea 
with very large pale rose-coloured flowers, the tube of 
a much darker shade. It climbs to the tops of the 
highest trees of the forest, and thence hangs down in rich 
festoons. Further on, the Jack-tree is common, and 
Sizygium Jambolana, the latter a large and very handsome 
tree. At this ascent to the mountains the lower zone of vege- 
tation consists principally of a Bamboo, which throws UP . 
its graceful stems to the height of nearly a hundred feet, and 
this continues until we reach an elevation of about 1500 feet 
above the level of the plain. Among these I observed 
some large trees of Cochlospermum Gossypium, recognizable 2 
at a great distance from the profusion and size : 
their bright yellow flowers. In the region of the Bamboo 


we collected specimens of an undescribed Anisochilus, — 


Dunbaria latifolia, the beautiful blue-flowered Thunbergia 
Hawtayneana and Hiptage Madablota. The next regio — 
embracing about 3000 feet above the Bamboo, may be — 
called that of the Olive, from the predominance of plant — 
of that natural family, the most common of which are Olea. E. 


am 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 405 


paniculata and dioica, both forming large trees. Here also 


E are found two species of Kydia, Microchlena 5-angulare, 
. Several Lauracee, Urticacee, Celtis orientalis, Semecarpus 


Anacardium, a Gnidia, two species of Jasminum, a Gnetum, 


: forming a large tree, Mesa Indica, a Begonia, Aris- 
: 


tolochia acuminata, a Mappa, and several other Euphorbia- 


. Cous trees, Clematis Goveniana, a beautiful climber, Mucuna 
. prurita, Phenix pedunculata, Arenga Wightii, Griffith, Mo- 
. nosis Wightiana, an undescribed Hedera, and the splendid 


Mesua speciosa, of which a fine figure will appear in the 


l next part of Dr. Wight's * Icones? 


Shortly before reaching Coonoor, about ten miles from 


.. Ootacamund, and nearly 6000 feet above the level of the 
Sea, the appearance of the hills becomes very much 
_ Changed in the nature of the vegetation; the vast forests 
. disappear, leaving large open campos thinly covered with 


stunted trees and shrubs; but stil the deep ravines 


: and hollows are well wooded. In one of these ravines by 


the road side the lovely Andromeda-like Agapetes arborea 
_ Was beautifully in flower; on rocky places Plectranthus 
. mollis, Anisochilus dysophylloides and Crotalaria scabrella ; and 
In bushy hilly spots Indigofera pulchella, Desmodium rufes- 


cens, Osbeckia Wightiana and Wendlandia Notoniana. At 


. Coonoor we halted to breakfast at the public bungalow, and 
afterwards walked out a little in the neighbourhood. Here 
Brew the pretty erect yellow-flowered Jasminum aureum, 
: Potentilla Leschenaultiana, Rhododendron roseum, Microtropis 
. Walifolia, Symplocos spicata, &c. Shortly after leaving 
. Coonoor we collected Exacum Wightianum, Gaultheria Les- 
 Chenaulti, which is the same as that figured in your 
“Icones Plantarum” under the name of Andromeda Katu- 
- gherensis, | 
= When a European Botanist first arrives in a tropical 
Country, his mind becomes so filled with its gorgeous produc- 
à tions, as almost to forget the less luxuriant vegetation of his 
_hative land. But when time has familiarized the former, the 


bi). 


See 


406 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


sight of plants analogous to the latter, is sure to awaken many 
delightful remembrances of past times. This I found to be the 
case during my ride from Coonoor to Ootacamund, where the © 
number of European forms mingling with intertropical ones 
is very great indeed. Among these may be mentioned 
Rosa Leschenaultiana, a shrub with long straggling branches, — 
bearing clusters of large white flowers; Berberis tinctoria, 
which when in flower very much resembles the common 
English Barberry, but the berries instead of being red 
are black; two species of Rubus, R. Wallichianus, bearing 
yellow fruit, and R. lasiocarpus, a Mentha, Juncus glaucus, — 
Lonicera Leschenaultii, resembling very much in general | 
appearance the Honeysuckle, and Clematis Wightiana, AG - 
Some of the open hilly country here is cultivated by a very 
industrious race of natives, called Budagars, who inhabit 
the mountains. Besides some small grain peculiar to the — 
country, they cultivate barley, wheat, onions, garlic, mustard, — 
opium and potatos, all thriving well in favourable seasons. — 
About four miles from Ootacamund we passed Kaitie, — 
a residence belonging to Lord Elphinstone, and about a mile — 
further on we obtained the first view of the Sanatorium itself. 
Ootacamund began to be visited by Europeans about - 
twenty years ago, and now contains, besides the bazaar Ot — 
native village, more than one hundred European residences, 
of course belonging principally to the Company's military 
and civil servants. It boasts a very handsome church, ® — 
club-house, two hotels, and three large shops where most — 
European articles may be obtained. It is situated in a large 
amphitheatre of very irregular undulating surface, and the 
residences are chiefly scattered along the spurs which descend * 
from the higher range. The hills have a bare aspect, bemg — 
mostly covered with coarse kinds of grass, and other . 
herbaceous vegetation, among which a few stunted Rhodo- - 
dendrons and other small trees may be seen breaking the 
monotony which would otherwise prevail. It is only in the 
hollows and long. narrow valleys or ravines intersecting : 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 407 


the hills that regular woods exist. These at a distance 
appear to be composed of very small trees, but on nearer 
approach, we are soon undeceived, as many of them attain a 
very great size. 

Dr. Wight’s house is very pleasantly situated, and being 
considerably elevated above the plain, commands a fine view: 
except where a clearing has been made for a flower and 
kitchen garden, it is surrounded by native jungle. Some of 
the trees are highly ornamental, as you may judge from the 
following list of what occur in the immediate vicinity. The 
first enumerated must be the splendid Rhododendron roseum, 
. hot only from its being the Queen of Beauty, but one of the 
commonest. Only figure to yourself a plant of the Rho- 
-~ dodendron arboreum, now so commonly cultivated in the 
. green-houses of England, becoming a densely branched tree 
from 30 to 40 feet high, and then you wil gain some 
idea of the appearance of the many thousands which adorn 
. the hills and valleys of the Neelgherries. It is never found 
_ below an elevation of 6000 feet, and reaches to the highest 
summit of the mountains, or nearly 8500 feet above the 
level of the sea. On exposed hilly places, it becomes 
. very gnarled and stunted, and then much resembles some 
_ of the beautiful forms now cultivated in the open air 
— With you. The next in beauty is the Agapetes arborea, 
and a new species which will shortly be published by Dr. 
Wight under the name of A. rotundifolia. Then come 
— Cleyera gymnanthera, Turpinia Nepalensis, Eugenia densi- 
flora, Sapota elengoides, Ilex Wightiana, and Ilex den- 
— liculata, both the latter are immense trees, often attaining 
the height of from 60 to 90 feet, with fine umbrageous heads ; 
- Gordonia obtusa, Cinnamomum ovalifolium, and Myrsine 
_ Capitellata. Besides these there are others of smaller size, 
: ‘Such as Stemonurus fetidus, Berberis Leschenaultii, and tinc- 
toria, Viburnum Wightianum and hebanthum, and Pavetta 
— breviflora. The Berberis Leschenaultii is a very handsome © 
2 plant indeed, belonging to the Mahonia division of the genus. 


408 : BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


It would be a most ornamental tree for an English lawn, 
from. its size, large dark green leaves, and dense fascicles of 
long spikes of yellow flowers and blue berries, if hardy 
enough, which, unfortunately, is not the case, to stand the 
climate of England. The lower jungle in the same situation 
consists of several species of shrubby Composite, three kinds 
of Rubus, a new Coffea (C. alpina, R.W.) with highly 
odoriferous flowers, two or three kinds of Leucas, Osyris 
Wightiana, Hedyotis stylosa, and Lawsonie, Mephitidia venu- 
losa, (Sautia venulosa W. & A.), Jasminum aureum, Osbeckia 
Gardneriana, a new species, one of the most beautiful of 
the Peninsular Melastomacee ; Lonicera ligustrina, a very 
pretty plant, used on the hills for garden hedges, much 
resembling those of Privet, and a very fine Euphorbiaceous 
shrub constituting a new genus nearly allied to Buzus. 

In the flower garden 1 found many common English plants 
growing most luxuriantly, such as Wallflowers, Larkspurs, 
Scabiosas, Lupines, Roses, Pinks, Carnations, Dahlias, and 
several beautiful kinds of Pelargoniums. So well does the 
climate suit the latter, that in many places they are appa- 
rently wild, and this also is the case with an ris, Œnothera 
biennis, Melianthus major, Capsella Bursa Pastoris, Achillea 
Ptarmica, &c. All European vegetables flourish, but the 
only fruit tree which bears well is the Peach. Strawberries 
are in season nearly all the year round, but they require 
to be fresh planted every six months, as they are found 
not to yield a second crop. When we were there in Feb- 
ruary, one of the coldest months of the year, we had straw- 
berries on the table nearly every other day. In January the 
nights were so cold that pools of water were frozen. To 
give you some idea of the Meteorology of the hills, I 
copy the following tables from a little work lately published — 
in Madras entitled, “Report on the Medical Topography —— 
and Statistics of the Neelgherry Hills.” 


Heights of the Neelgherries, by Barometer. 


Dodabetta, highest summit — . .  . 8429 feet. 
Oootacamund ; T . se FAST 9 
Rotagherry  . 3 : À : s r CLOTS Lo 
Dimhuty — . 72 999059 BIN us 


(cuntur sees Mic 


. Dimhutty : > ee jo UP t 
Kotagherry . : ee | m ng 4 
. Ootacamund . ; : : : - "S8 
= Dodabetta |. .. addi es E 
Ootacimund ds range) oe UV 
(monthly range) . 17° 4 
_ (annual pM o. 3M — 
peut ; (rain annually) - 63.808 inches. 


State of the Weather for one year. 


LA L2 LA . . LA 260 
*. . . LI 88 


ontinued rain : ; j : ; 14 
= z 3 = 365. 
214 


í é + LEM 
E 21 = 365, 


; : ; y a : 28 nights. 
Partial UT : : : : C 10 days. 
Continued fogs ; ee. 1 day. 


Prevalent winds from N. to W. 


(To be continued). 


OL. 1v. HH 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 409 


410 ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 


Animadversiones in PrpERACEAS HERBARII HOOKERIANI, 
auctore Dr. F, A. Guin. MIQUEL. 


Cum in ditissimo Herbario Hookeriano haud parcam 
copiam Piperacearum novarum vel adhuc dubiarum inve- 
nissem, quibus difficilis hujus Ordinis historia varia ratione 
illustratur, brevem earum enumerationem jam nunc benigno 
botanicorum judicio submittere haud inutile mihi videbatur. 
Reperi enim in splendida hac collectione plura que antea 
frustra quesiveram, magnam copiam Piperacearum Peruvia- 
narum ab indefessis Mathews et Jameson lectarum, vel ex 
Ruizii et Pavoni herbariis acquisitarum, Garderianas Brasi- 
lienses aliasque ex variis Novi Orbis plagis a D. D. Guilding, 
de Schach, Tweedie, Purdie, Macfadyen, Hartweg, Linden, 
Parker, Hostmann, Nicholson, Barclay, rel. detectas, uber- 
rimam messem specierum quas Archipelagus Oceani pacifici 
gignit, a Frasero, Cunninghamis, Colenso, Edgerley, Darwin, 
Barclay rel. communicatas, e coloniis Anglo-indicis, praeter 
Wallichianas olim jam a me examinatas, plures novas à cl. 
Griffith lectas, porro Ceylanenses Walkeri, Javanas Zollingeri 
cæt., atque ex ora occidentali Africe tres species, olim im- 
perfectissime notas, in doctrina phytogeographica perquam 
memorabiles, ab infelici Vogelio repertas. Speciebus in 
Systemate Piperacearum jam descriptis quasque si aliquid 
addendum esse, heic etiam enumeravi, operis hujus paginam 
adscripsi, quo a novis facile distinguantur. 

Hookero autem qui totam suam Piperacearum collectionem 
liberaliter mecum communicavit, nec non Dr. J. Dalton 
Hooker, qui species in celebri expeditione antarctica Rossii à 
se lectas, benevole misit, animum testor gratissimum. 


Scribebam Rotterdami, 
m. Junii, 1845. 
TRIBUS PEPEROMIEX, Mig. . 
PHYLLOBRYON, Mig. ee 
1. Phyllobryon Pavoni, Mig. Syst. Pip. p. 50: varietas sub- 


ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 411 


acuminata; tenerior, foliis minoribus ovato-cordatis atte- 
nuato-acuminatis.—Ex Chinchao Peruvie a. 1795. Ruiz, 
et Pav. 


ACROCARPIDIUM, Mig. 


1. Acrocarpidium nummularifolium, Miq. l. c. p. 52, var. 
foliis fere omnibus apice emarginatis pæne obcordatis, 
hine 4. cordifolio proximum. — In Surinam (Hostmann, 
n. 117.) 

2. A. Sellovianum, l.c. p. 55.; forma pilosior; ramis junioribus 
petiolisque pilis longioribus densius obtectis, foliis omnibus 
fere reniformibus, setis multi articulatis.—In humidis um- 

= brosis El Equador (Jameson.) 

3. A. cordifolium, l. c. p. 56.— Amenta 4-5 cent. longa, 

pedunculi 1 cent.—In Jamaica. f 

|... A. cordifolium, forma minor ; foliis obovatis vel subrotundis 
emarginatis tenuiter trinerviis puberulis ciliatisque, sensim 

Blabratis.— Crescit super ligna vetusta in Jamaica, n. 167. 

(Pur die). 
Folia 4-14 cent. longa; petioli 5-8 mm. Amenta 1-2 cent. 

longa, in ramulis solitaria terminalia, filiformia, recta, pedun- 

 fulis 5 mm. longis sustenta. Flores remotiusculi demum 

. Valde dissiti. Bracteæ orbiculatæ peltatim subsessiles. Ova- 

.. Tium ellipticum apice stigmatiferum. Stamina 2, filamentis 

brevibus. 

4. A. ? Guayaquilense; repens, ramosum, carnoso-succu- 

lentum, adultum glabrum, junius in caule foliisque 

. presertim subtus longe pilosum, foliis alternis petiolatis 

paullo supra basin peltatis ovato-rhombeove-circularibus 

crassis, subtus convexis uninerviis, amentis solitariis 

. innovatione lateralibus pedunculatis filiformibus, demum 

. Subremotifloris. 

“rescit in Prov. Guayaquil in truncis arborum in ins. fluvii 
Pante. (Jameson). 

3 Species foliorum indola distinctissima, sed ob baccas in- 

"ognitas nondum certa generis civis. Planta adulta tota 
1 HH 2 


412 ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 


glabrescit, in junioribus autem ramulis et præsertim in pagina 

inf. foliorum pili sparsi longi observantur. Petioli 2-5 mm. 

longi. Folia 4-14 cent., raro perfecta orbicularia, plerumque 

aliquid latiora quam longa,vel et ad subovatam aut rhombeam 

formam tendentia. Pedunculi 1-13 cent. longi; amenta 5-6 

cent. primum densiflora, post florescentiam autem flores sunt 

remotiores, Bracteæ orbiculares pedicellato-peltatæ. Sta- 
mina 2. Ovarium ellipticum apice stigmatiferum. 

5. A. repens, l. c. p. 57. forma minor. Caule repente petiolis- 
que dense puberulis, foliis lato-ovato-rotundatis, basi trun- 
catis (hine semiorbicularibus) 5-nerviis (8-10 mm. long.) 
utrinque praesertim marginibus tenere puberulis. Crescit 
ad Pozuzo (Ruiz, et Pav. a. 1796). 

6. A. Guildingianum. (Peperomia reniformis, Hook. Fl. Exot. 
Tab. 164. Piper Guildingianum, Spr.) Succulentum 
repens, ramis erectis petiolis pedunculisque hirtellis, foliis 


alternis longiuscule petiolatis carnosis punctatis, supra pu- Ee 


berulis et ciliatis, subtus subglabratis, reniformibus vel : 


lato-rotundato-triangularibus, basi subcordatis vel pe ž - 


rumque truncatis, quinquenerviis, amentis solitariis axilla- 
ribus vel lateralibus (ramulo unibracteato laterali insertis) 
longe peduneulatis brevibus, ovario elliptico rostrato antice 
stigmatifero, baccis obliquis cylindricis pedicellatis. 
Crescit án ins. St. Vincent, (Guilding.) | 
Ab A. repente, quocum olim hanc speciem conjunxeram, 
inspecto specimine authentico, satis differre nunc persuasum 
habeo. Differt enim statura minore, ramis erectis, foliorum - 
forma et amentis multo brevioribus.—Folia 4-14 cent. long’ - 
3-12 lata. Pedunculi 1-2 cent. longi amenta 5-6 mm. — 
7. A. majus, l. c. p. 60.—St. Catharina Brasiliæ, (Tweedie) - 
8. A. Jamesonianum ; repens radicans filiforme glabrum, foliis ; 
alternis longe petiolatis rotundato-vel lato-ovato-cordatis p 
sinu baseos profundo, lobis plerumque conniventibus | 
apice rotundatis vel acutiusculis quinquenerviis et tenere — 
reticulatis, amentis solitariis axillaribus vel terminalibus 
remotifloris longe  pedunculatis elongatis pedunculum 
æquantibus vel brevioribus, bracteis pedicellato-peltatis- 


ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 413 


Crescit in planitie ad Quito, ( Hall, n. 54), in mont. Pichincha, 

(Jameson, n. 62). 

A. repenti et A. scandenti affine, sed statura gracili, gla- 
britie et amentorum dispositione diversum.—Petioli 1-6 cent. 
longi; folia 14-24 cent. longa. Pedunculi 31-6 cent.; 
amenta 1-5 cent. longa. 


Peperomia, Ruiz et Pav. 


Sectio TILDEN1A, Mig. 


1, Peperomia Gardneriana, l. c. p. 73. Radix; tuber subglo- 
bosum, pisi—nucis avellane magn. 

2. P. Hernandiefolia, l. c. p. 72. ad sect. Rhynchophoram 
referenda, vide infra. i 


Sectio MiCROPIPER, Mig. 


= 3. P. pellucida, l. c. p. 79.— Trinidad, (De Schach, Piper 
cordifolium). Domingo, (Dr. Imray, n. 333.) 

.4. P. Vogelü; erecta pauciramosa glabra succulenta, foliis 
alternis petiolatis teneris pellucidis et subtiliter pellucido- 
punctatis rotundato-vel lato-ovato-cordatis, apice lato- 
rotundatis, summis obtusiusculis, quinque-vel septem-ner- 
viis et parce reticulatis, amentis pedunculatis cum ramulo 
axillaribus filiformibus dein remotifloris, ovario gylindrico 
recto, baccis ovato-globosis rostellatis bractea membra- 
nacea rotundata pedicellato-peltata suffultis. 

Crescit ad Quorra. Vogelii Collect. ex Expedit. fl. Nigr., n. 

“192, m. Sept. 1841. 

P. Hymenophylle ex ins. Philippinis et P. ewigue e Java 
admodum similis, ut varietatem fere habuissem, sed cum folia 
. Sint pellucido-punctata magis rotundata et majuscula, minus 
reticulata, amenta longiora et alio? modo disposita tanquam 
speciem propono. 
. Unicum specimen suppetens 7 cent. altum. Radix parva 
. fibrillosa; caulis ramique;valde ‘succulenti in sicco transpa- 
Tentes filiformes. Folium unicum radicale parvum ; caulina 


414 ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 


majora; petioli 4 14 cent. longi; folium majus 2j cent. 
longum, 23 latum, 5-vix sub-7-nervium, nervo medio ad 
apicem ducto parce ramoso, lateralibus praesertim extrorsum 
ramulosis, infimis subtilissimis; folia superiora 13-2 cent. 
longa et lata, basi minus profunde cordata, in universum 
magis ovata. Compages in sicco transparenti-membranacea, 
sed haud perspicue marginata. Pedunculi 3-8 mm. longi; 
amenta 2 cent. longa, filiformia; bracteæ juniorum imbricate, 
florentes remote, demum dissitæ, persistentes, membranaceæ. 

Ovarium ellipticum, rectum, apice stigmatiferum. Stamina 2, 

filamenta brevia; anthere biloculares pallide. Baccee leviter 

immerse. 

5. P. hirtella; succulenta, basi radicans repens, ramis erectis 
petiolis pedunculisque appresse hirtellis, foliis alternis 
ovatis ellipticisve acuminatis vel acutis, acumine obtusius- 
culo, basi obtusis vel rotundatis, utrinque appresse pube- 
rulis subtusque glandulose punctatis, 3-5-nerviis, amentis 
lateralibus solitariis pedunculatis (pedunculo petiolum 
parum superante) subdensifloris carnosis teretibus obtusis 
folio plerumque brevioribus, bracteis persistentibus, baccis 
glóboso-ovatis punctatis. 

Crescit in insula Domingo, in mont. Couliaban, (Dr. Imray), 
n. 244. 

Collocanda prope P. Hilarianam vel P. acuminatam, ab 
omnibus autem hujus sectionis speciebus alternifoliis diver- 
sissima. Planta pedalis, inferne crebro radicans, decumbens ; 
rami erecti. Petioli 2-8 mm. longi. Folia majora 5 cent. 
longa, 25-23 lata, breviter attenuato-acuminata, acumine ipso 
obtusiusculo dense piloso; minora 31-2 cent. longa, 2-14 
lata 3 superne saturate viridia, pilis parcis inspersa, subtus 
pallida, punctata et pilosa, pilis supra nervos densioribus ; 
nervi tres nudo oculo distincti, medius ad apicem ductus. 
Pedunculi 5-raro 10 mm. longi. Amenta 11-24 cent. longa 
Bracteæ primum imbricatæ, adultæ subdistantes, subsessiles 
suborbiculares carnose persistentes et baccæ basin subam- 
plectentes. Stamina 2, filamentis brevibus, antheris parvis 


ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 415 


pallidis bilocularibus. Ovarium ellipticum apice stigmati- 

ferum. Bacce ovate vel subglobose ima basi constricte, 

punctate, fuscæ. 

6. P. dendrophila, p. 89; forma minor pollicem vel digitum 
longa, foliis obovato-vel spathulato-ellipticis 2-3 cent. 
longis.—Ad Xalapa Mexici, (Galeotti). | 

7. P. melanostigma, p. 437. Foliis paullo latioribus.—Suri- 
nam (Hostmann, n. 437). 

8. P. heterophylla, repens et erecta, ramosa, herbacea, 
ramulis junioribus petiolisque tenerrime puberulis cito 
glabratis, foliis alternis breviter petiolatis, inferioribus 
minoribus rotundatis vel ovato-aut obcordato-rotundatis, 
mediis ellipticis utrinque obtusis, summis confertis quan- 
doque suboppositis elliptico-lanceolatis vel lanceolatis 
quam reliqua multo majoribus apice attenuato-obtusius- 
culis, omnibus uninerviis et immerse venulosis glabris 
apice hinc tenere ciliolatis, amentis terminalibus solitariis 
breviter pedunculatis elongatis annulato-subremotifloris, 

Crescit ad Casapi Peruvie, (Mathews, n. 1686). 

Ex affinitate P. myrtifolie. Caulis inter muscos repens, 
ramosus, filiformis. Petioli antice profunde canaliculati 1-2 
mm. longi. Folia in sicco coriacea, inferiora 4-6 mm. longa 
et lata, media 1-13 cent. longa, 6 mm. lata, suprema 1-2 
cent. longa, 5-7 mm. latatenuiora. Pedunculi 4-fere 1 cent. 
longi, amenta 3-7 cent. Bracteæ pedicellato-peltate orbi- 
culares. Stamina 2. Ovarium apice stigmatiferum. 

9. P. Vincentiana; succulenta filiformis vage ramosa repens, 

.. ramis erectis petiolisque tenerrime puberulis, foliis alternis 
breviter petiolatis, inferioribus lato-ellipticis rotundatis vel 
Obovatis, superioribus ellipticis obtusis, basi plerumque 
acutis, carnosis utrinque tenerrime puberulis cito glabratis, 
‘Supra lete viridibus, subtus pallidissimis fusco-punctatis 

. Uninerviis, amentis terminalibus solitariis breviter pedun- 

. culatis teretibus strictis remotifloris. 

Crescit in ins. St. Vincent, (Guilding). ; 

= Precedenti proxima, forma foliorum distincta. Rami ra- 

Mulique filiformes dichotome vel opposite ramosi. Petioli 


416 ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 


2 mm. longi ; folia 5-10 mm. longa 4-7 lata, subtus albicantia 

et sub lente glandulis fuscis elevatis punctata, adulta fere 

prorsus glabra. Pedunculi glabri vel glabriusculi, 3-5 mm. 

longi, amenta 3-4 cent. longa recta. Bracteæ breviter pedi- 

cellato-peltatæ orbiculares fuscæ et punctate. Ovarium ellip- 
ticum apice stigmatiferum. Filamenta brevia, antheræ albi- 
cantes biloculares. ; 

10. P. dasystachya ; succulenta erecta parce ramosa tota mol- 
liter pubescens, foliis alternis rhombeo-ovatis ellipticisve, 
infimis minoribus utrinque obtusis, superioribus acutius- 
culis, summis attenuato-subacuminatis, 3-5-nerviis et ve- 
nosis pellucido-punctulatis, utrinque puberulis pilis sensim 
deciduis, amentis breviter pedunculatis terminalibus soli- — 
tariis vel ex summis foliis axillaribus quandoque geminis 
rectis obtusis densifloris, rachi dense hirtello-pubescente, — 
bracteis pedicellato-peltatis sparse piliferis vel glabris, - 
ovario apice stigmatifero. 

In Peruvie Prov. Chachapoyas, (Mathews, n. 3229.) 

Collocanda in vicinitate P. acuminate cæt., sed ab omnibus — 
distinctissima et amentis ipsis pubescentibus facile discer- 
nenda. Caulis dense molliter pubescens. Folia inferiora 
minora 2-4 cent. longa elliptica vel ovata, imo plane rotunda, — — 
superiora multo majora lato-subanguloso-elliptica ovataque - = 
acuta, suprema semper acuminata plerumque eequilatera, —— 
quedam tamen ineequilatera, 6-8 cent. longa, 3-33 supra a 
medium lata, tripli-tri-vel subquinquenervia, nervis 3 mediis 
saltem bene distinctis, medio percurrente. Pedunculi petiolos | 
circiter æquantes. Amenta 6-8 cent. longa, cylindrica, ob- - 
tusa, dense pilosa, floribus annulatim dispositis. a 
11. P. acuminata, l. c. p. 95. Ad * Prince Rupert’s Head in | 

Dominica, 19 Jun. 1792.”—Verisimiliter ad hanc etiam 

pertinet specimen ex Herb. Ruiz et Pav., ad Lima èt 

Chinchao lectum, sed cujus folia acumine ciliolata sunt. 
12. P. acuminatissima ; succulenta glabra erecta ramosa, foliis 

alternis petiolatis succulentis epunctulatis ovatis ellipticis; - 

summis elliptico-lanceolatis æquilateris longe anguste. : 
acuteque acuminatis, acumine juniorum ciliolato, 3-5-n€ 


ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 417 


viis nervis 3 mediis distinctis subtus prominentibus, ex- 

timis tenuibus submarginalibus, amentis axillaribus soli- 

tariis breviter pedunculatis densifloris, ovario apice stig- 
matifero. : : 

Crescit ad Gongo Soco in Prov. Minas Geraes Brasiliæ, Sept. 

1840 (Gardner, n. 5187). 
. Precedenti proxima, habitu P. pterocaulem æmulans. 
Caulis pedalis subflexuosus parce ramosus, succulentus, angu- 
latus (an ferealatus?). Folia inferiora breviora latiora supe- 
rioribus minora, 43-63 cent. longa, 21-3 lata ovata vel ellip- 
tica brevius acuminata, superiora 8-10 longa, 3-2 lata, in 
sicco membranacea, supra atro-viridia, subtus pallida, nervis 

3 mediis ad apicem ductis subsimplicibus. Petioli 3-5 mm. 

longi, antice canaliculati. Amenta 6-10 cent. longa, rectius- 

cula vel leviter curvata, teretia, sursum aliquid attenuata. 

13. P. Hamiltoniana; carnosa glabra e basi radicante erecta 
dichotome ramosa, foliis alternis breviter petiolatis car- 
nosis pellucido-punctatis, summis confertis, rhombeo-vel 
lanceolato-ellipticis acutiusculis vel obtusis, basi cuneatis, — 
subtus pallidis trinerviis, nervo medio ad apicem ducto, 
amentis terminalibus solitariis breviter pedunculatis elon- 
gatis subdensifloris, ovario apice stigmatifero. 

Crescit in Jamaica (Purdie, n. 108). 

Planta pedalis. Petioli e basi dilatata antice canaliculati 
1-2 mm. longi; aliquando nulli. Folia 2-4 cent. longa, 
1-2 supra medium lata, plerumque rhombeo-elliptica, quando- 
que sub-obovato-rhombea, summa anguste elliptica, semper 
basi cuneata, supra saturate viridia, subtus pallida, nervis 
3 distinctis, et sub lente adhuc 2 lateralibus hinc sub-5- 
nervia, reticulata et pellucido-punctata, sicco coriacea. Pe- ` 
dunculi 2-5 mm. longi. Amenta 4-7 cent. longa, pennam 
corvinam fere crassa, subdensiflora. Bracteæ pedicellato- 
peltatze orbiculares. 

..M4. P, spectabilis; succulenta erecta, caule petiolisque dense 

pubescentibus, foliis alternis? summis subternis, petiolatis 

ovatis acuminatis basi rotundatis vel acutiusculis succu- 
lentis, supra sparse et decidue subtus paullo densius 


418 ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS, 


puberulis, uninerviis et tenuiter penniveniis, amentis in 

panicula ampla terminali verticillatim dispositis, verticillis 

(3) singulis e 3-6 amentis remotifloris filiformibus longius- 

culis, bracteis pedicellato-peltatis orbiculatis, ovario apice 

stigmatifero. 

In Peruvia (Mathews, n. 1685). 

Ramulus saltem adest, sed speciem certissimam et singu- 
larem sistens, foliorum forma P. dependenti haud plane absi- 
milem, inflorescentia fere ad Sect. Paniculariam accedentem. 
E cicatricibus folia alterna videntur, sed 3 summa basi pe- 
dunculi communis verticillatim circumposita sunt. Petioli 
31 cent. longi, basi lata semiamplexicaules, pubescentes 
sensim glabrati. Folia 14-15 cent. longa, 7-8 lata, supra 
saturate viridia, pilis sparsis mollibus densim deciduis, subtus 
pallida, pilis paulo densioribus. E nervo medio subtus pro- 
minente et percurrente vene horizontales pinnatim exorte 
utrinque usque ad $ alt. 10 circiter majores, et alice minores, 
parce ramulose. Inflorescentia. terminalis pedunculo com- 
muni 5 cent. longo sustenta, axi fere 10 cent. longo cum 
pedunculis tenuiter pubescente. Tres amentorum verticilli 
infimus dimidiatus, alter medius e 7, tertius terminalis e 5 
amentis, filiformibus rectis 10-14 cent.longis, pedunculis 1 
cent. vix æquantibus. Flores remotiusculi minuti. Bractee 
pedicellato-peltatæ. Ovarium apice stigmatiferum. 

15. P. Endlicheri, p.102. Forma puberula, foliis alternis € 
basi acuta ellipticis vel obovato-rhombeis acutiusculis 3- 
nerviis, glabris, subtus in nervis et inter eos puberulis, : 
amentis terminalibus solitariis vel geminis; caule simplici 
debili. Folia 2-3 cent. longa. 

Crescit in insula Norfolk, Julio m. (A. Cunningham.) 

Anne species ? 
16. P. Urvilliana? p. 102. Satis quadrat, sed amenta 

haud filiformia, sed stricta densiflora. Nova Zelandia 

(Colenso, J. D. Hooker, Dr. Sinclair.) dm 
17. P. rhomboidea, p. 108, nunc primum a me visa, inter 

species foliis oppositis referenda, P. latifolie affinis.—Suc- — 

culenta suberecta, caule petiolis foliisque presertim subtus — — 


ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 419 


sparse pilosis cito glabratis, foliis oppositis petiolatis latis 

ovato-rhombeis vel ellipticis acuminatis acutis vel obtusis, 

basi rotundatis vel cuneatis, 5-7-nerviis, amentis axillari- 
bus et. solitariis dissitifloris. 

Crescit in insulis maris Pacifici corallinis, Nohoan, Tahiti. 
Petioli 1-2 cent. longi; folia 3-6 cent. longa, 21-41 lata, 

subglandulosa, supra saturate viridia, subtus pallida, nervo 

medio ad apicem ducto. Amenta 5 cent. longa; ovarium 
apice stigmatiferum. 

18. P. Abyssinica; succulento-carnosa glaberrima, dichotome 
ramosa, basi repens radicans aphylla, superne foliosa, foliis 
alternis summis confertis quandoque suboppositis, breviter 
petiolatis reflexis (preeter novella et pauca radicalia parva 
subrotunda) ellipticis rhombeo-ellipticis vel obovatis, 
utrinque obtusis vel apice rotundatis aut emarginatis 
enerviis vel obsolete uninerviis, amento terminali solitario 
brevi pedunculum æquante remotifloro, bracteis pedicel- 
lato-peltatis orbicularibus, ovario elliptico apice stigmati- 
fero. 

Crescit in rupibus vallis Maschicha inter Debra Dschoa et 
Abu Mekkana; repens. 2 Mart. 1840 (Schimper, It. Abyss. 
Sect. IT. n. 1319.) 

Habitu P. refuse, amentis P. Borbonensi quodammodo 
similis, sed distinctissima ab omnibus. Caulis vage repens, 
inferne radicans et aphyllus, internodiis 3-6 cent. longis; 
superne brevioribus 2-1 cent. longis, ad nodos incrassatis. 
. Petioli 1-2 mm. longi: folia 1-23 cent. longa, 5-12 mm, lata, 
exsiccata pallida coriacea, minora rotundata vel elliptica 
utrinque obtusa, majora rhombea versus apicem sepe atte- 
nuata sed semper obtusa. Pedunculi 1} cent. longi; amen- 
tum (unicum suppetens) 12 mm. longum, carnosum ; flores 
remoti subimmersi. Bractee persistentes. Stamina 2, fila- 
. mentis brevissimis, antheris globosis bilocularibus. Ovarium 
. fecundatum ellipticum obtusum. 

. 19. P. macrothyrsa; carnosa glabra erecta inferne simplex 

et aphylla, foliis alternis ad apicem caulis primarii dense 

. aggregatis crasse carnosis petiolatis elliptice vel lanceolate 


420 ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 


dolabriformibus basi attenuatis, apice contracto obtusius- 

culis, caule supra foliorum comam elongato parce folioso - 

et aphyllo amentifero alte paniculato, amentis in axillis 
foliorum floralium vel bractezeformium sessilibus 2-4-fasci- 
culatis inæquilongis subdensifloris. 

Crescit in Peruvie Prov. Chachapoyas, (Mathews, n. 3228.) 

Pulchra species, P. dolabriformi omnibus partibus cognata, 
statura autem majore, foliis longiuscule petiolatis, inflores- 
centia multoties majore et magis composita, amentis majori- 
bus certe sui juris. ; 

Caulis e basi hypogæa horizontali radicante erectus, in- 
ferne nudus carnosus teres glaber, digitalis, penna cygnea 
crassior, apice densa foliorum patentium coma coronatus, 
Tabulatorum Sempervivorum fere ad instar. Folia petiolis 
$-1 cent. longis sustenta, 2 cent. circiter longa, 8-10 mm. 
lata, crassa, marginibus extenuatis rigida, nervis parcis im- 
mersis pertensa. E coma foliosa prorumpit caulis 25 cent. 
longus, amentifer, inde a basi paniculatim ramosus, foliis 
dissitis alternis inferioribus praeter minorem magnitudinem 
conformibus, superioribus sensim minoribus sessilibus ellip- 
ticis, summis minutis bracteeformibus. Amenta 1-5 cent. 
longa, sensim elongata, filiformi-teretia. Bracteæ breviter pe- 
dicellatze peltatæ orbiculares, centro fuscæ, marginibus latis 
pallid suberosulee. Ovarium ovatum apice stigmatiferum. 
Stamina 2, antheris globosis. 

20. P. Pernambucensis ; succulento-carnosa radicans, foliis al- 


ternis obovato-ellipticis brevi-acuminatis vel lanceolato- —— 


_ ellipticis, basi cuneata in petiolum attenuatis glabris uni- 
nerviis et costiveniis, amentis in pedunculo communi succu- — — 
lento tenerrime puberulo racemoso-paniculatis breviter pe" — — 
dicellatis vel sessilibus brevibus cylindricis obtusis, summis — 
brevissimis ellipticis densifloris, bracteis pedicellato-pel- 


tatis persistentibus, antheris aurantiacis, ovario ovato apice S 


stigmatifero, baccis exsertis obovatis vel globosis fuscis — 
punctatis. | n. 
Crescit in trunco muscoso arboris in sylva ad coloniam Cum 
Pernambuco, (Gardner, n. 11573 | 


ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 421 


Species admodum singularis, cum nullo congenerum com- 
paranda, foliorum forma ad P. cuneifoliam, obtusifoliam cet. 
accedens, sed ad Micropiperis sectionem referenda, ab inflo- 
rescentiam P. Berteroane, margaritifere aliquatenus affinis. 
Caulis radicans aphyllus. Folia duo ad ejus apicem, unum 
majus 18 cent. longum, 73 latum, venis circiter 8 utrinque e 
nervo medio adscendentibus, petiolo 23 cent. longo antice 
canaliculato ; alterum 13 cent. longum, 4 latum. Inflores- 
centia infra amenta (pedunculus) 2 cent., cæterum 41 cent. 
longa, amentis alternis vel raro binatis onusta, quorum in- 
feriora 1 cent. longa, summa vix 2 mm. ; pedicelli basi bractea 
decidua stipati. Bracteæ peltatæ orbiculares fusce.  Fila- 
menta brevia, anther biloculares aurantiacæ demum flaves- 
centes. 

21. Peperomiæ species ; dissimili vel blande proxima, e speci- 
mine manco haud tuto determinanda, e Columbia, (Hart- 
weg, n. 1395.) 

22. P. Quitensis; succulenta erecta ramosa, ramis praesertim 
ad nodos, petiolis foliisque utrinque in nervis marginibusque 
setuloso-hirtis, his oppositis petiolatis rhombeo-ovatis el- 
lipticisve utrinque acutiusculis, apice ipso obtusiusculo, 
subtus punctatis, trinerviis nervo medio ad apicem ducto, 
amentis longiuscule pedunculatis (pedunculo petiolum ter 
quaterve superante) axillaribus oppositis et terminalibus 
subpaniculato-congestis subconfertifloris. : 

Crescit prope Quito, supra truncos in vallibus, cæt., (Jameson, 
n, 59.) 5 
P. polystachye et dissimili cognata, haud dubia tamen spe- 

cies. Planta pedalis succulenta, internodiis 2-5 cent. longis. 

Caules inferne glabriusculi, superne ramulique hirti, nodis 
setuloso-barbatis. Folia opposita decussata, petiolis antice 
lato-canaliculatis et glabriusculis,cæterum dense hirtis 2-5 cent. 
longis sustenta, inferiora lato-elliptico-rhombea, utrinque 
 &eutiuscula, supra in nervis sparse hirta, subtus glandulis 
fuscis punctata, in nervis densius ceterum sparse hirtella, 

33-4 cent. longa, 23 lata, trinervia, nervo medio subtus pro- 

minulo. Superiora minora et magis elliptica 2-24 cent. longa 


422 ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 


apice attenuato obtusiuscula, pilis crebrioribus. Amenta 

axillaria et terminalia foliis abortientibus conferta, 3-5 cent. 

longa, teretia obtusiuscula, inferne quidquam contracta, pe- 
dunculis sparse pilosis 1-1 cent. longis sustenta. Bracteæ 
breviter pedicellate peltate orbiculares membranacee glabre. 

Stamina 2. Ovarium ellipticum apice stigmatiferum. 

23. P. insularum; succulenta adscendens radicans ramosa, 
ramulis petiolis foliis subtus in nervis pedunculisque sparse 
puberulis sensim glabratis, foliis oppositis petiolatis rhom- 
beo-ellipticis vel -sublanceolatis, basi cuneatis acutis vel 
obtusis apice attenuato vel subacuminato obtusiusculis, 
3- vel 5-nerviis, nervo medio percurrente crassiusculo, 
lateralibus tenuibus, amentis axillaribus et terminalibus, 
plerumque aggregatis 1-5 pedunculo longioribus teretibus 
obtusis subdissitifloris, ovario apice stigmatifero. : 

Crescit in ins. Sandwich, Oahu (J. Diell, n. 53.) Ex afi- 
nitate P. Sandvicensis et P. latifolie. 

Caulis $-1 pedem longus, basi radicans decumbens, cæterum 
erectus, basi glaber, superne pilosulus, internodiis brevibus 
(3- plerumque 1 cent), nodis tumidis. Petioli 2-10 mm. 
longi, antice canaliculati, cito glabrati ; folia carnosa, nascentia. 
Supra in nervis pilosa, adulta glaberrima, 14-2 vel 34 cent. 
longa, 1-1} lata, supra nervis 3 impressis, subtus 3-5 pertensa, 
pallida, inque nervis et extra eos sparse pilosula et glandulis 
fere resinosis inspersa. Pedunculi 4-14 cent. longi; amenta 
2-5 cent., superne leviter inerassata glabra, bracteis pedicel- 
lato-peltatis orbicularibus. 

24. Peperomie species nova? P. portulacoidi affinis, folia 
autem alterna videntur, statura P. Arabicam referens, sed 
folia obovata vel lanceolata, amenta solitaria vel gemina 
axillaria dissitiflora ; ob sp. mancum haud extricanda. 

In Madagascaria, (Dr. Lyall, n. 338.) 

25. Peperomiæ species, longe repens, caule tenui angulato 
lævi nitente lignescente, foliis oppositis breviter petiolatis 
orbicularibus vel basi leviter excisis subtus convexis, ju- 
nioribus utrinque pubescenti-hirtellis, adultis glaberrimis 
carnosis enerviis, 


ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 493 


Crescit in Madagascaria, (Dr. Lyall). Folia 4-14 cent. lata. 
Num hee Piper Nummularium Lam., nondum extricatum, 

conf. Syst. Pip. p. 131. 

26. P.leptostachya, p. 138, forma nana, spithamea, caule 
simplici, foliis obovatis obovato-ellipticis ellipticisve. — 
Piper Australe, Cunn. Has. Vertical face of sandstone 
rocks, Campden Plains, N. Holland. 

27. P. flagelliformis, Hook. fil. MSS.; erecta succulenta gla- 
briuscula, foliis breviter petiolatis verticillatis 2-4 elliptico- 
spathulatis obtusis, basi acutis uninerviis subaveniis subtus 
pallidis et petiolis ramulisque nascentibus tenerrime sub- 
puberulis, amentis verticillatis 6-7 pedunculatis remoti- 
floris, baccis ovatis acutis verruculosis. 

In ins. Galapagos (James Island) ineunte Oct. 1835, legit 
cl. Darwin. 

. Species distinctissima, cum T. fere P. leptostachye quo- 

dammodo comparanda. Caulis erectus, simpliciusculus? suc- 
eulentus, internodiis 5-6 cent. longis.  Petioli 1-2 mm. 
longi, canaliculati puberuli interdum subciliolati, folia 14-2 
cent. longa, 6-7 mm. apice lata, in sicco submembranacea, 

_ Supra saturate viridia, subtus pallida. Amenta erecta pedun- 

= eulis 1-2 cent. longis filiformibus suffulta, filiformia, remoti- 
flora, glabra. Flores demum valde distantes. Bracteæ bre- 
vissime pedicellate suborbiculares membranacee subundu- 
late glabræ. Stamina 2, antheris subglobosis. Ovarium 

ellipticum, stigmate terminali. Baccæ atrofusce oblique ovate 

. acute punctulato-verruculose millimetro minores. 

. 98. P. Fernandeziana, p. 139.—In sylvis umbrosis frigidis 
. montium editiorum ins. Juan Fernandez, Apr. 1830, 

— . (Bertero, n. 1491.) 

= 29. P. recurvata, p. 141, var. Philippinensis, foliis ellipticis 

vel obovato-ellipticis, subtus in nervis marginibus petiolis 
ramulisque puberulis. Folia 14-23 cent. longa, 1-13 lata. 

.. Crescit in ins. Philippinis, (Cuming, n. 1920.) . 

. 90. P. Mathewsiana; erecta succulenta opposite ramosa 

molliter puberula, foliis verticillatis 4-6, raro 2, bre- 

Viter petiolatis utrinque pubescentibus, pilis subtus su- 


424 ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 


pra nervos densioribus, rhombeo-spathulatis basi cu- 
neatis, apice attenuato obtusiusculis, superioribus rhombeo- 
lanceolatis pellucido-punctatis trinerviis nervo medio ad 
apicem ducto subtus prominente, lateralibus tenuibus, 
amentis axillaribus verticillatis terminalibusque breviter 
pedunculatis filiformibus elongatis subdensifloris, bracteis 
pedicellato-peltatis glandulosis, ovario apice stigmatifero. 

Crescit in Peruvia, Cassapi, Zacopota, (Matthews, n. 1688.) 
Ex affinitate P. hirsute, camptotriche, blande, pubescentia, 

foliorum situ et forma satis distincta. Planta pedalis et 
altior. Internodia 3-5 cent. longa. Petioli 2-5 mm., æque 
ac caules pube molli brevi densa obtecti. Folia 21-3 cent. 
longa, 1-13 lata, interdum angustiora sublanceolata ; nervi 
parce ramosi. Amenta numerosa; in verticillo foliorum su- 
premo et penultimo verticillata nec non terminalia, 4-8 cent. 
longa, filiformia, recta, erecta, subconfertiflora, pedunculis 
glabriusculis 1-1 cent. circiter longis sustenta. Flores vir- 
ginei confertiores. Bracteæ orbiculares. Ovarium ellipti- 
cum. 

31. P. pereskiefolia, p. 150.— St. Catharina Brasiliæ, (Tweedie.) 

32. P. septemnervis, p. 152. Amenta terminalia solitaria vel 

- gemina, 7-14 cent. longa, cylindrica, obtusa, densiflora. 
Bracteæ pedicellato-peltate. Bacce ovate fusce antica 
apice scutulo auctæ, quare hec species rectius ad Sect. 
Rhynchophoram transferenda videtur. : 

Crescit in Jamaica ; in sylvis ad Portland, Julio 1843, (Pur- 
die ?) 

33. P. ovalifolia, p. 154. Caules sparse hirtelli, pili ad nodos 
crebriores. Petioli dense hirti 2-5 mm. longi. Folia 1$ 
P. muscose quoad compagem simillima, punctata, ovalia, 
ovata vel subovata obtusa, utrinque pilis longis sparsis» 
subtus obsolete uninervia 1-12 fere 2 cent. longa, 8-15 mm. 


lata. Amenta terminalia vel raro lateralia, solitaria, terna, — 


pedunculis 2-4 cent. longis parcce pubescentibus sus- 
tenta, 5-8 cent. longa recta vel leviter curvata dens — 
flora.  Bracteæ pedicellato-peltatze orbiculares virides per- — 
sistentes. Ovarium ellipticum attenuatum apice stigmati- — 


ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 425 


ferum. Bacce globose vel ovato-globosæ subrostratæ.— 

Quoad genitalia certe e Sect. Micropiperis et P. réflexe 

similis. 

Cresc. in ins. St. — (Guilding), St. Domingo, wee 

"n. 334.) 

33. P. Myrtillus, p. 154, forma foliis latioribus et brevioribus, 
1-2 cent. longis, 5-8 mm. latis, magis ellipticis, trinerviis. 

Cresc. in Jamaica, (Macfadyen sub “ P. discolor.) 

34. P. Hartwegiana ; carnosa, adscendens, dichotoma, caule 
angulato glabriusculo, ramulis petiolisque dense hirtello- 
pubescentibus, foliis verticillatis 4-5 subpatulis lato-vel 
subobovato-ellipticis, basi acutiusculis, apice obtusis, raro 
emarginatis vel mucronulatis, marginibus subrevolutis, 
crasse carnosis supra presertim versus basin puberulis 
sensim glabratis, subtus glabriusculis et glanduloso-punc- 
tatis prope basin uninerviis subaveniis, amentis terminali- 
bus solitariis vel binis pedunculatis densifloris, ovario 
oblongo acuminatim attenuato apice stigmatifero, baccis 
ovatis acutis subobliquis punctatis. 

Crescit in Columbia (Hartweg, n. 1401). 

Ex affinitate P. quadrifolie.—Caulis spithamæus, inferne 
€ nodis radicans; internodia 3-4 cent. longa. Ramuli 1 cent., 
hirtello-incani pilis varie curvatis, haud raro subretrorsis. 
Petioli eadem pube obtecti lato-canaliculati 1-2 mm. longi. 
Folia in sicco.crasse coriacea, 8-15 mm. longa, 6-10 lata, 
pleraque elliptica, basi acutiuscula raro obtusa, pallide viridia, 
. Subtus preter basin glabriuscula, obsolete uninervia, nervo 

luci obverso ad 3 alt. saltem distincto. Pedunculi tenerrime 

. Puberuli 1-14 cent. longi. Amenta 4-5 cent. longa, versus 

. basin 2 mm. crassa, sursum vix attenuata erecta, rectiuscula, 

densiflora. Bracteæ longiuscule pedicellatæ orbiculares, gla- 

briuscule, marginibus pallescentibus, subundulatæ, persis- 
tentes. Stamina 2, filamentis brevibus, antheris bilocularibus. 

_ Stigma majusculum. 

. 95. P. Deppeana, p. 160, forma major. Caulis petiolisque 

. pubescentes; folia terna vel sepe quaterna longiuscule 

. petiolata obovata superne in 3 nervis puberula, marginibus 

YOL. Iv. 11 


496 ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 


ciliolata, subtus glabriuscula, 8-12 mm. longa.—In Bra- 
silia, in sylvis umbrosis ad Laguna de Ranco (Gardner,) 
n. 705. 

36. P. Selloviana, p. 161, forma aliquid major; ad Rio 
grande (T'weedie, n. 829.) : 

37. P. Galapagensis, Hook. fil, succulenta (adscendens?) 
ramosa, ramis ramulisque tetragonis tenere puberulis, foliis 
verticillatis 2-6 breviter petiolatis patulo-reflexis succu- 
lentis pellucido-punctatis glandulosis glabriusculis oblongo- 
linearibus vel anguste ellipticis utrinque obtusis uninerviis 

` aveniis subtus convexis, amentis axillaribus et terminalibus 
3-5-verticillatis pedunculatis -filiformi-clavatis conferti- 
floris, bracteis pedicellato-peltatis subrotundis pellucido- - 
glandulosis, filamentis longiusculis, ovario ovato-elliptico 
subobliquo apice stigmatifero, baccis parumper immersis 
subgloboso-ovatis acutis punctato-verrucosis. 

Crescit in insulis Galapagos (St. James) Darwin, Oct. 1835. 

P. microphylle accedens, sed foliis angustioribus haud ciliatis 
cet. discernenda. 

. Caules spithamæi, patule et opposite ramosi, pilis patenti- 

bus tenerrimis inspersi, internodiis 2-1 cent. longis, superne 

foliosi; ramuli apice amentiferi. Folia in sicco coriacea, 
glandulis pellucidis presertim versus marginem distinctis, 
glabra vel glabriuscula, omnia fere reflexa, opposita vel ple- 
rumque versus ramorum apices verticillata 4-6, petiolis 

1 mm. longis profunde canaliculatis glabriusculis sustenta, 

4-8 mm. longa, 2-3 lata. Amenta 1-} cent. longa, densi- 

flora, floribus inferioribus saltem remotiusculis, sursum sub- 

clavata, carnosa, glabriuscula, pedunculis 2-5 mm. longis 
suffulta. 

38. P. reflexa, p. 169. "Variis ejus formis sequentes loci 
natales addendi. Jamaica (Macfadyen, nomine “ Piper 
verticillastrum," Dr. Distan, Dr. Bancroft); Peruvia m 
Chachapoyas (Mathews, n. 3231) Mauritius (Telfair), 
Nepalia, Kamoon, montes Silhet (Wallich), Ceylonia 
(Walker n. 25, forma folis minoribus subrotundo-rhom- | 
beis) insule oceani Pacifici (W. Cunningham) Oahu. 


ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 497 


- (Barclay, Beechey). Specimen sterile ab 4/7. Cunningham, 
` sub. n. 39 in ins. Norfolk lectum heec etiam pertinere 
E verisimile habeo. “ Rocks in dark moist woods; creeping, 

_ herbaceous, with obtuse elliptical 3-nerved lavés: o in 
quaterna, terna, vel et opposita." 


Sectio PANICULARIA, Mig. 


|. 39. P. umbellata ; erecta succulenta glabra simpliciuscula, foliis 
... (preter pauca radicalia) ad apicem caulis confertis cordato- 
rotundatis vel rotundato-ovatis obtusis tenuiter 5-7-nerviis, 
caule supra folia elongato amentifero simplici aphyllo vel 
pauciramoso et folioso, amentis in ramulorum apicibus 
umbellatis numerosissimis latino ter bracteis 
infra medium pedicellato-peltatis. - 
| Crescit in Peruviee Chachapoyas 1840, (Mathews, n. 3230) 
Differt a P. secunda glabritie et facillime inflorescentia. 
Radice et habitu ad Sect. Tildenie spectat. 
_ Radix tuberosa pisi magnitudinis. Caulis succulentus 6-8 
cent. longus, supra foliorum comam adhuc paullo longior 
florens.  Petioli 4-14 cent. longi; folia 13-2 cent. longa et 
lata, aliquid latiora quam longa, succulenta, in sicco sub- 
Coriaceo-membranacea, nervis tenuibus subsimplicibus per- 
tensa, medio ad apicem ducto. Umbellæ longe pedunculatæ 
basi foliis floralibus bracteæformibus —P: vel plerumque 
decoloribus parvis sessilibus ellipticis instructe. Amenta 
10-20 raro pauciora in quavis umbella, 1-3 cent. longa, pe- 
dunculis 2 cent. longis sustenta filiformia, genitalia ut in P. 
Secunda. | 
Sectio RHYNCHOPHORUM, Mig. 


10. P. angulata, l. c. p. 180. Amentum 3 cent. longum, 
pedunculo 14 cent. longo sustentum, filiforme teres densi- 
- florum, uti in P. muscosa, quc vix satis diverse videntur. 
—In Surinam, (Hostmann, n. 470.) 

: 4t. P. Parkeriana, succulenta glabra ramosa radicans, foliis 

alternis modice petiolatis succulentis glanduloso- punctatis 


9vato-vel elliptico-oblongis acute acuminatis plerumque 
: 51 


428 ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 


inæquilateris basi rotundatis vel acutis, summis sublanceo- 

latis uninerviis utrinque tenuiter 3-4 venulosis, amentis 

ramulos aphyllos terminantibus pedunculatis (pedunculo 
petiolum circiter equante) plerumque conjugatis elongatis 
densifloris, ovario acuminato-scutato. 

Crescit in Guiana Anglica (Parker). 

P. distachye proxima, sed glabritie et foliorum forma con- 
stanter distincta.—Specimina P. distachye foliis latioribus 
insignia in Syst. Pip.a me commemorata, ad hanc pertinere 
videntur. 

Planta valde succulenta, in sicco omnino membranacea. 
Petioli 14-24 cent. longi, antice canaliculati glabri. Folia 
10-13 cent. longa, 6-4 lata, superiora 8-9 longa, 3 lata, 
omnia presertim versus apicem obliqua. Ven: utrinque 
plerumque tres, quarum due basi magis approximate, tertia 
ad i alt. circiter exorta, et paucæ alise tenuissime omnes 
presertim extrorsum parce ramulosæ, nequaquam reticulate. 
Pedunculus communis 2 cent. longus, apice foliis floralibus 
lineari-lanceolatis paucis instructus, partiales plerumque bini, 
1-2 cent. longi. Amenta florentia 12-18 cent. longa. Bracteæ 

: pedicellato-peltatæ orbiculares, in sicco ochraceæ pallide mar- 

ginatæ. 

42. P. Hernandiefolia, l. c. p. 73, nunc primum a me visa, € 

Sect. Tildenia ad Rhynchophorum prope P. Ponthieui trans- 

ferenda. 

Crescit in ins, St. Vincent, (Guilding). 

Succulenta, radicans, repens, caulibus petiolis pedunculis 
et foliis subtus presertim in nervo medio patule et subre- 
trorse pubescentibus, foliis alternis longe petiolatis ovatis vel 
lato-ovatis abrupte acuteque acuminatis, basi lato-rotundatis, 
ad + vel 3 alt. a basi peltatis, nervo medio crassiusculo subtus 
prominente, venis obsoletis, supra glabriusculis, marginibus 
puberulis, subtus glandulis pilisque inspersis, amentis axilla- 
ribus longe peduneulatis, (pedunculo medio unibracteato 
simplici vel raro bifido) brevibus densifloris, baccis emersis 
ovatis longe rostratis verrucosis. ; 

Petioli 4-5 cent. longi. Folia in sicco coriacea 4-8 cent. 


ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 499 


longa, 23 fere 5 lata. Pedunculi 4-5 cent. longi, medio vel 
- Supra medium bractea lanceolata sessili vel subpetiolata 
acuminata puberula convoluta 5 mm. longa amplexi. Amenta 
2 cent. longa carnosa. Bracteæ carnosæ pedicellato-peltate 
orbiculares glabre marginibus extenuate. Ovarium ovato- 
ellipticum acuminatum, infra apicem stigmatiferum, Stamina 
2, antheræ biloculares. Bacce ovate subnitide fuscæ, acu- 
mine filiformi pallido superate. 
43. P. nigropunctata, p. 188. In ins. Antigua (Nicholson, 
n. 40.) 

_ 44. P. Columbiana, carnosa glabra erecta, caule angulato, 
folis densis sparsis hinc suboppositis sessilibus vel sub- 
sessilibus lanceolatis vel elliptico-lanceolatis utrinque atte- 
nuatis glabris subtus uninerviis et parce prominule venosis, 
glanduloso-punctatis, amentis terminalibus aggregatis (3) 
longiuscule pedunculatis teretibus obtusis rectis. pedun- 

-culum æquantibus densifloris, bracteis subsessili-peltatis, 
= — ovario rachi immerso infra apicem stigmatifero. 
Crescit in Columbia (Hartweg, n. 1397.) 
: Species certa sed ex imperfecto specimine haud rite des- 
. eribenda. Ramus est spithamens, majorem partem aphyllus, 
Cicatricibus foliorum prominentibus notatus, superne dense 
foliosus. Folia erecta carnosa, marginibus revoluta, subtus 

. hervo medio prominente notata, e quo vene parce adscen- 

. dentes prominule exoriuntur, ibique glandulis fuscis punc- 

. tata, 2-3 cent. longa, 5-6 mm. lata. Pedunculi 14-2 cent. 

— longi; amenta 13-22 cent., obtusa, recta, rachi foveolata. 

45. P. obtusifolia ; forma oblongifolia, p. 194.— In ins. St. 

Vincent (Guilding),in Jamaica (Macfadyen). —— 

P. obtusifolia? forma pusilla, foliis elliptico-obovatis 

(3-53 cent. longis) nervo medio e basi utrinque 2-3-venoso, 

5-7 plinerviis.—Peruvia, (Mathews, n. 1687). 

16. Peperomiæ species incerta, talinifolie et pyrifolie 

= proxima, foliorum apice acutato incurvo diversa, haud tuto 

 €xtrieanda. Peruvia, (Mathews). dug 

7. P. cuneata (Piper cuneatum, Herb. Hook.) Carnosa 

glabra, foliis alternis longiuscule petiolatis cuneato-vel 

_ Obovato-spathulatis obtusis raro retusis, uninerviis et prope 


430 ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 


basin utrinque trivenosis, amentis terminalibus vel e folio- 

rum supremorum axillis, solitariis longe pedunculatis, 

pedunculo plerumque unibracteato, densifloris, ovario ob- 
lique acuminato antice stigmatifero, baccis acuminatis- 
simis. 

Crescit in ins. St. Vincent, (Guilding). 

P. obtusifolie pre reliquis cognata, sed statura minore et 
foliorum forma haud dubia species.— Carnosa basi radicans, 
superne erecta.  Petioli antice plano-canaliculati 2 cent. 
longi. Folia spathulata obtuso-rotundata, basi cuneata in 
petiolum attenuata, carnosa, utrinque glandulis fuscis crebris 
elevato-punctata, glabra preeter apicem aliquando parcis pilis 
secus marginem instructa, subtus pallida nervo medio per- 
currente instructa, venis e basi vel prope basin utrinque 
circiter 3 adscendentibus in sicco supra discernendis, 4-7 
cent. longa, 14-23 paullo infra apicem lata. Pedunculi 4-5 
cent. longi. Amenta 7-8 cent. rectiuscula, carnosa, cylindrica 
obtusa densiflora. Bracteæ pedicellato-peltatee orbiculares 
persistentes. Stamina 2. Bacce apice sterili filiformi an 
demum deciduo ? appendiculatæ, 

48. P. amplexicaulis, p. 196, forma grandifolia.—Decumbens, 
radicans, succulenta, glabra, foliis alternis sessilibus vel 
subsessilibus cuneato-spathulatis apice attenuato obtusius- 
culis, nervo medio valido ad 2 alt. 4-costulato. 

Crescit in Jamaica, (Purdie, n. 109). 


Differt a specie foliis majoribus et latioribus 12-16 cent. 
longis, 31-4 latis. : 


Erasmia, Mig. : 


1. Erasmia floribunda, p. 200, forma minor pauciflora, foliis 
minoribus 10-14 cent. longis, amentis in pedunculo com- 
muni geminis. Prope Xalapa (Galeotti.) 


— Trisus Pireres, Mig. 


-  Pornomorpue, Mig. 


1. P. peltata, l c. p. 203,—In St. Vincent (Guilding), — 
Trinidad; Jamaica (Distan), Surinam (Hostmann, n. 42) — — 


ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 431 


2. P. sidefolia, l. c. p. 209.—In Brazilia, Serra de Acaripe ; 
suffrutex 4-pedalis, (Gardner, n. 1850.) 

3. P. Dombeyana, l. c. p. 211.—In Peruvia (Mathews, 
n. 1701.) 

4. P. subpeltata, p. 213. Ceylon, (Walker, n. 1382), 
Ceylon? Bonin (Dr. Mertens, n. 86. H. ex Herb. imp. 
Petersb.), Mauritius (Bojer sub nomine Peperomia latifolia, 
n. 46; specimina hec ut omnia qua ex hac insula 
vidi, statura minora).—Fernando Po ad Gutridge Bay, 
Nov. 1841 (Vogel, n. 53, caules plures in medium cespitis. 
* Caulis herbaceus 4-5 ped. Radix fibrosa stolonifera" in 
Sched.) Specimina Vogeliana nulla nota ab Indicis et 
Orientali-Africanis diversa; quare nunc non amplius dubi- 
tandum videtur Piper grandifolium Eckl. in Afz. pl. 
Guineens. hue esse referendum. 

= 

MacnoPiPER, Mig. 

1. M. latifolium, l. c. p. 218, masc.—Coral «blande ( Beechey). 
Amenta masc. 2 axillaria videntur.— em. in Tahiti (Bar- 
clay, sub nomine * Piper methysticum ;” inc. Ava Ava irai; 
verisimiliter heec species itaque etiam ad potum inebri- 
antem parandum inservit. 

Alia hujus speciei forma amentis solitariis axillaribus, foliis 
superioribus dilatato-ellipticis basi obtusis vel attenuatis, 
apice protracto obtusatis, septemnerviis utrinque glabris ; 
vix pro specie diversa habenda. 

Hab. Shady places, rich soil: Society and Friendly pe 
May, June, 1830, 4 feet. (Mathews. n. 86.) 

2. M. puberulum, p. 221. In ins. Nukalau, Feejee Has 
- (Barclay).—Descriptioni accuratissime, quam cl. Bentham 
dedit hæc addo: Caules teretiusculi tenuiter striati glabri. 
Petioli 2-4 cent. longi usque ad medium alis angustis con- 
niventibus vel leviter reflexis instructi. Folia membra- 
nacea subtilissime pellucido-punctata, supra saturate viridia 
glabra, subtus pubescentia, pilis in nervis densioribus, 7-9- - 
nervia, nervo medio ad apicem, 2 lateralibus per anasto- - 
moses ad eum continuatis, reliquis multo brevioribus, 
omnibus  reticulatim et prominule anastomosantibus. 


432 ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 


Pedunculi 2 vel 1 axillares, 2 cent. longi glabriusculi $ 
amenta fœm. florentia filiformi-teretia, baccifera cylindrico- 
incrassata, 12-14 cent. longa. Bracteæ brevissime pedi- 
cellatæ peltatee membranaceæ fuscæ marginibus undulate 
reflexo-complicatæ, persistentes. Ovarium trigono-obova- 
tum, circa apicem peltato-marginatum, stigmata 3 ovali- 
lanceolata pubescentia reflexa. Baccæ maturæ basi et 
cum bracteis syncarpis ad instar cohærere videntur, stig- 

- matibus adhuc persistentibus coronatæ. 

3. M. excelsum, l. c. p. 221. Ex eximiis speciminibus hujus 
speciei, nunc primum a me examinatæ, ita phrasis descri- 
benda: Frutescens glabrum, foliis membranaceis pellu- 
cido-punctatis lato-rotundato-ovatis breviter et obtuso- 
acuminatis vel acutis, equilateris, basi cordatis, 7 fere 
9-nerviis, superioribus ovatis, summis rhombeo-vel lan- . 
ceolato-ovatis 5-nerviis, petiolis ad medium alatis, alis 
coriaceis in dorso reflexo petioli conniventibus, amentis 
axillaribus, vel ramulum lateraliter terminantibus, ple- 
rumque geminis, foemineis cylindricis brevibus, masc. 
longioribus cylindrico-filiformibus. 

Crescit in Nova Zelandia, (Fraser, J. D. Hooker, R. Cunning- 
ham, ad Bay of Islands (Colenso), Northern Island 
(Edgerley, n. 323), Auckland (Dr. Sinclair.) 2 
Observ. Si 2 amenta ramulum lateraliter terminant, extimi 

pedunculus medio bracteam gerit, tanquam rudimentum folii, 

e cujus axilla ortus est. Bracteæ stipulaceæ, amenta 1n 

Pothomorphis genere obvelantis cum hac omnino sunt 

comparandæ. 

4. M. psittacorum, p- 221.— Piper psittacorum ab All. Cunning- 
ham in ins. Norfolk sub n. 13 lectum, nullo pacto a M. 

excelso differt. Cum autem specimen authenticum Endli- 
cherianum haud viderim et in ejus phrasi de foliis summis 
ovato-oblongis linearibusve sermo sit, dubius haereo.— 1n 
schedula notavit All. Cunningham, stirpem esse affinem 
P. excelso et latifolio; specimina vero sunt masc, que 
viatori obiter inspicienti ab amenta gracilia facile diversa - 
videri possunt a femineis M. excelsi. ao 


* 


ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 433 


Cuavica, Mig. 


1. Ch. Siriboa, p. 224.—Amentum fem. maturum spetiminis 
in Philippinis a Cumingio lecti 23 cent. tantum longum, 
itaque multo brevius quam in Javanis. 

2. Ch. Benthamiana, l. c. p. 233. Cresc. in ins. Tobie 
(Barclay). Species certe bona, Ch. Siriboe et Ch. Betle 
affinis. Petioli 14 cent. longi, folia 7-41 cent. longa, 6- 
fere 4 lata, 5- vel 5-plinervia, nervis 3 mediis parum supra 
basin liberis, medio saltem ad apicem ducto, anastomosibus 
parvis et tenuibus. Pedunculi 14 cent. amenta 1 longa. 
Folia subpeltata in sp. suppetente foem. haud adsunt. 

3. Ch. Rozburghii, p. 239.—Ceylon (Herb. Pallas, n. 88, 
Walker,) Assam, in vallibus (Griffith, n. 519, n. 553.) 

4. Ch. sarmentosa, p. 242.—Mergui (Grifith.) - 

5. Ch. densa, p. 252, mas.? Java (Zollinger, n. 974,) fem.? 

(n.724.) Ob sp. manca determinatio fallax. 

6. Ch. officinarum, p. 256.—Wallich List. 6650 E.—Java 
(Zollinger, n. 907, fem.,) China (Millett). 

7. Ch. spherostachya, p. 278, fem. Assam (Fielding) Kha- 
siya (Griffith, n. 132.) 

8. Ch. Penangensis, p. 279. Sub Pipere Lonchite n. 6644 B. 
Herb. Wall.—Stolo sterilis? (Mayaburan (Sir F. Adam.) 

9. Ch. corylistachya, p. 281 ; forma major, foliis 20 cent. 
longis, 61 latis, amentis cylindricis obtusis 63 cent. longis, 
calamum scriptorium crassis. Philippine (Cuming, n. 
1813.) 


RnuxvwcnoLEPIs, Mig. 


1, Rh. Cumingiana, p. 282, fœm., Cuming ex ins. Philippinis, 
n. 1697. Sub hoc numero in colleetione Hookeriana spe- 
cimen video diversum ab eo quod in Lessertiano sub eodem 
numero vidi: differt foliis ovatis vel lato-oblongis anguste 
acuteque acuminatis, basi conniventi-cordatis, 7- 11-nerviis, 
imo multinerviis, sed nervulos basilares adnumeres, 17 cent. 
longis, 63-8 latis, itaque multo latioribus. Amentum cy- : 
lindricum obtusum 5-6 cent. longum, 5- 8 mm. crassum, P 


434 - ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 


bracteæ utin mare longe lineari-acuminate ciliate. Stig- 

mata 3 linearia hirtella stylo longiusculo sustenta. Baccæ 

dense succulente obpyramidatæ angulosæ rostrate. 

Differt itaque hee species ab Rh. órevicuspide facillime 
etiam bractearum forma et ex illa Rh. Cumingiane forma cha- 
racter generis paullo emendandus erit. 


CupeBa, Mig. 


1. C. officinalis, p. 235. Java (Zollinger, n. 727,) masc. (n. 
943.) 

2. C. Wallichii, p. 289.— Wall. List. n. 6637. 

3. C. canina, p. 293. Java (Zollinger, n. 677.) 

Ejusdem forma angustifolia, folis omnibus lanceolatis 
quintupli- vel triplinerviis, 6-8 cent. long., 1-2 latis. Java, 
Zollinger, n. 698, b.) 

4. C. Bantamensis, l. c. p. 299. Java, (Zollinger, n. 710-) 

5. C. Borbonensis, p. 301. Mauritius, (Bouton, sub “ Pipere 
sylvestre," Bojer.) 

6. C. Clusii, p. 304; ramis teretiusculis, ramulis tetragonis 
vel tetragono-compressis, nascentibus petiolis foliisque sub- 
tus in nervis primariis pedunculisque tenerrime pubescen- 

_ tibus, folis modice petiolatis, infimis ovatis æquilateris 
acuminatis basi æquali cordatis, superioribus majoribus 
lato-ellipticis acuminatis æquilateris vel inæquilateris basi 
lato-rotundata vel obtusa modice inæquali excisis vel 
leviter cordatis, membranaceis, subtus pallidis, nervo 
medio paucicostulato, costulis 3-2 ad } alt. majusculis 
patulo-adscendentibus, reliquis infimis et supremis tenui- 
bus, pedunculo petiolum bis terve superante, amentis (fœm.) 
subpatulis curvatis, stigmatibus 3, baccis ovatis vel ellipti- 

.. @s acutis pedicellum æquantibus vel paullo superantibus. 

Has. Fernando Po ad Clarence, Nov. 1841, (Barker in 
coll. Vogel. ex Exp. Niger, n. 97, * Frutex baccis rubro- 
fuscis.”) tie: us 
Eandem hanc esse speciem, quam a Clusio jam commemo- 

ratam et a R. Brown ex Herbario Banksiano indicatam, inter 


dubias species olim enumeraveram, nullum quidem dubium, - 


ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 435 


atque ita res in distributione geographica Cubebe generis et 
Piperacearum in universum admodum memorabilis extra 
omne dubium posita est. Est autem hec species arcte cog- 
nata cum reliquis congeneribus africanis, C. costulata, Borbo- 
nensi et Capensi, habitus simillima, obiter intuenti vix diversa, 
accuratius autem observatu, characteribus solidis e foliorum 
nervatione et compage petitis certa species. 

Rami scandentes dichotomi pennam corvinam crassi, tere- 
tiusculi, hic illic flexuosi, sordide fusci rugulosi subsulcati ; 
ramuli citissime glabrati, nodi tumidi hic illic radicantes. 
Folia inferiora petiolis 1-13 cent. longis sustenta, 4-6 cent. 
longa, 23-34 lata æquilatera, ovata, acuminata, acumine brevi 
angusto acuto, basi equali obtusa aut subcordata, costulis e 
nervo medio haud procul a basi ortis utrinque 2 majusculis 
adscendentibus reliquis summis tenuibus patulis, supra atro- 
viridia opaca glabra, subtus pallida albicantia ad lentem 
-albo-maculata, epunctata, saltem inter areolas translucidiora. 
Superiora multo majora magis elliptica vel oblonga plerum- 
que leviter inæquilatera, basi inæqualia, petiolis 1 cent. longis 
vel brevioribus sustenta, 8-113 cent. longa, 4j fere 7 lata, 
basi ineequali plus minus subcordata, lobulis plerumque con- 
niventibus, majori petiolum sepe obtegente, apice sub- 
abrupte breviter acuminata, acumine subobliquo obtusiusculo 
juniore mucronato, costis plerumque 3 majoribus ad 4 alt., 
patulo-adscendentibus, aliisque paucibus ad basin et versus 
apicem patulis, omnibus laxe reticulatis; suprema minora 
haud raro angustiora, quandoque sublanceolata, 6 cent. longa, 
34-2 lata. Stipule oppositifolie deciduæ carinato-lineares 
parve subpuberule. Pedunculi 1-15 cent. longi. Amenta 
14-2 cent., curvata, densiflora. Bracteæ oblonge centro ad- 
nate, introrse hirtæ, extus glabræ. Bacce ovate acute vel 
et obtuse, plerumque apiculate vel subrostellatæ, quandoque 
subglobosæ 4-5 mm. longe. Ovaria quedam adsunt ellip- 
tica apice attenuata, stigmatibus 3 lanceolatis acutis pibes- 
centibus reflexis. | 
7. C.? hederacea, (Piper hederaceum A. C. MS); ; alte 

scandens dichotome ramosa nodosa glaberrima, foliis 


436 ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 


coriaceis obsolete pellucido-punctatis, subtus pallidis, ovatis 
attenuato-acuminatis acumine subobliquo obtusiusculo, 
basi subæquali rotundatis vel obtusis, marginibus leviter 
revolutis, quintupli- vix subseptuplinerviis, nervo medio 
ad apicem ducto, venulis immersis, pedunculo petiolum 
circiter æquante, amentis (masc.) cylindricis obtusis folio 
multum brevioribus, bracteis peltatim sessilibus orbicu- 

laribus coriaceis glabris imbricatis, staminibus 2. 

Has. Five Islands, (4. C. Jan. 1829; altissimas arbores 
adscendens.) 

Species distinetissima, sed in genere nondum certa, aliqua- 
tenus foliorum forma cum C. Neesiana comparanda. 

Ramuli teretiusculi ramulique angulosi glabri, fuscescentes, 
internodiis brevibus 1-3, raro 6 cent. longis, nodis crassis. 
Petioli 3-1 cent. longi antice canaliculati. Folia 6-9 cent. 
longa, 21-4 lata, lateribus antrorsum conniventibus, nervis 
tenuibus fuscescentibus? venis tenuissimis.  Stipule op- 
positifoliæ coriaceæ lineari-lanceolatæ acuminatissimæ cana- 
liculatæ 13 cent. fere longæ. Pedunculi 1 cent. circiter longi. 
Amenta juniora 2-4 cent. longa, pennam columbinam crassa, 
sursum parum attenuata, obtusa. 


Piper, Linn. 


1. Piper attenuatum, l. c. p. 306.—Assam (Griffith, n. 518, 
555, 556.) 

2. P. Zeylanicum ; glabrum, foliis rigide coriaceis epunctatis | 
ovatis æquilateris acuminatis basi inæqualicordatis vel 
rotundatis, marginibus revolutis, quinque- (vel nervulo ba- 
silari in latere externo accessorio) 6-nerviis, nervis crassis. 
subtus prominentibus supra impressis, amentis dioicis lon- 
gruscule pedunculatis (pedunculo petiolum superante) 
brevibus densifloris, bracteis oblongis decurrenti-adnatis 
intus ad basin axique hirtis, staminibus 2, filamentis crassis 
infra antheram - marginatis, stigmatibus 4 raro 5 crassis 
reflexis. eom ; E 

Crescit in Ceylon insula, (Walker, n. 31.)—Species admodum — 


ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 437 


distincta foliorum forma, crassitie, nervatione, filamentis 

versus apicem in marginem circularem incrassatis. 

Frutex ramosissimus, an scandens? rami teretiusculi no- 
dosi; ramuli (fuscescentes?) angulati. Petioli antice cana- 
liculati 1-13 cent. longi, cum lamina angulum sistentes ; folia 
6-3 cent. longa, 3-2 lata, subeequilatera, sed basi haud æqualia, 
summa angustiora lanceolato-ovata, reliqua ovata, supra 
secundum nervos et vetustiora etiam secundum venas pro- 
funde sulcata et iis subtus prominentibus lacunosa, margi- 
nibus revoluta rigida ; nervo medio ad apicem ducto, duobus 
mediis fere ad eum percurrentibus. Amenta foeminea pedun- 
culis 5-12 mm. longis sustenta, florentia 2-4 cent. longa, 
baccifera vix longiora. Rachis hirta; bracteæ extus subtus- 
que glabræ ad insertionem hirtellæ, coriacee. ^ Ovarium 
ovatum vel subglobosum glabrum, stigmatibus 4-5. Bacce 
globose, apice cicatrisate, 5 mm. in diam. Amenta mascu- 
lina paullo brevius pedunculata et ipsa plerumque paullo bre- 
viora. Anthere longiuscule exserte ovate vel globose, bi- 
loculares, filamento marginatim dilatato sustentæ. 

Forma major ? foliis oblongis (8-10 cent. longis, 4-45 latis) 
amentis masc. longioribus (10 cent.)—Mayaburan, (Sir F. 
Adam.) 

3. P. Hookeri ; ramulis petiolis pedunculis foliisque junioribus 
subtus in nervis hirtellis, his coriaceo- membranaceis pellu- 
cido-punctatis supra glabris ovatis æquilateris breviter 
acuminatis, acumine obtuso, basi æquali-cordatis vel rotun- - 

- datis septem vel nervis 3 mediis paullo supra basin liberis 
subseptupli-vel  noveno-nerviis, pedunculo petiolum 
(amento fcm. folium) superante, bracteis oblongis decur- 
renti-adnatis subtus sparse hirtellis cito glabratis, ovario 
ovato, stigmatibus 4 brevibus crassis puberulis. 

Has. Bombay, (Lambert. Ex affinitate P. attenuati, sed 
statura majore, foliorum nervatione et stigmatibus plane 
diversum. ; 
Ramuli angulosi tenuiter striati pubescenti-hirtelli. Pe- 

tioli teretes hirtelli 5-10 mm. longi. Folia 8-10 cent. longa, - 


438 ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 


4-64 lata; nervis subtus prominentes, 3 medii ad apicem 

ducti, adstantes per anastomoses fere eo usque continuati, 

reliqui tenues, anastomoses subhorizontales prominule. Sti- 
pule oppositifolie decidue lineares puberule petiolo bre- 
viores. Pedunculi 1} cent. amenta baccifera 8 cent. longa. 

4. P. nigrum, p. 308.—Ceylon, (Walker, n. 1397), in Cayenna 
cult., (Martin.) 

5. P. trioicum, p. 310. Assam, Madras ex Madura sub 
nomine P. nigri, Mool lagoo indigenis dictum, stirps mater 
P. albi off. ex teste schedula eadem etiam que in Malabaria 
ad P. album colligendum colitur, (Griffith.) 

6. P. sylvestre, p. 314, mas. Mauritius (Barclay,) ftem.? (Cey- 
lon, Walker ;) folia paullo majora, ovata basi vix inæquali-ro- 
tundata, 8-11 cent. longa, 43-61 lata, nervo laterali uno vel 
2 paullo supra basin liberis. Peduneuli 12-2 cent. longi, 
amenta 10-12. Bracteæ ut in mare, stigmata 4-5 linearia 
acuta reflexa. 

7. P. Nepalense, p. 318, Khasiya, (Griffith ;) folia paullo cras- 
siora et fortius reticulata. 

8. P. arborescens, p. 320. Java, (Zollinger, n. 915.) 

9. P. nigrescens, p. 325. Java, (Zollinger, 875.) 

In specimine suppetente folia superiora basi obtusa vel 
acuta. Amentum hermaphroditum pedunculo 1-2 cent. longo 
sustentum, 4 cent.longum, densiflorum. Bracteæ pedicellato- 
peltatæ extus glabre. Ovarium ovatum, stigmata 3. Sta- 
mina 2 lateralia, filamentis crassis, antheris globosis parvis 
bilocularibus. ; 
10. P. muricatum, p. 326. Java, (Lobb.) 

11. P. Walkeri; ramulis petiolisque adultis glabris, foliis cras- 
siuscule membranaceis subtilissime pellucido-punctulatis, 
supra glabris opacis subtus præsertim in nervis sparsissime 
pilosulis æquilateris vel subinæquilateris elliptico- vel ovato- 
lanceolatis lanceolatisque acuminatis, acumine acuto vel ob- 
tusiusculo basi leviter inæquali obtusis septuplinerviis, — 
nervis 3 mediis ad 4-4 alt. a basi liberis ad apicem ductis, - 
pedunculo petiolum æquante vel paullo superante, amentis — 


^ 


ANIMADVRRSIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 439 


filiformibus longissimis remotifloris dioicis, bracteis elongatis 

decurrentibus intus hirtis, stigmatibus 3 crassis brevi-lan- 

ceolatis acutis. 

Ceylon, (Walker.) 

P. argyrophyllo et P. Lonchite affine, sed nervis 7 iisque multo 
altius liberis tuto distinguendum.— Rami teretiusculi striulati, 
nodosi, ramuli angulati glabri. Petioli (foliorum superiorum) 
l cent. circiter longi; folia 83-103 cent. longa, 23-4 lata, 
supra nervis canaliculata, hi subtus prominentes, laterales 
quatuor inferiores e basi orti eorumque infimus tenuissimus 
submarginalis, secundus ad 3 vel supra 4 alt. ductus, 2 su- 
periores ad £ vel + alt. ducati e nervo medio prodeuntes 
ad apicem ducti; anastomoses vix conspicuæ, in vetus- 
tioribus subprominule ; margines leviter revoluti. Pedun- 
culi 1-14 cent. longi, amenta deflorata 12-15 cent. Bracteæ 
et ovaria fere ut in P. nigro. Bracteæ coriaceæ fusce margi- 
nibus pallidæ oblonge secundum longitudinem adnate, mar- 
ginibus et utroque apice libere, his erectis alveolos sistentibus ; 
extus glabre, subtus hirtelle. Ovarium ellipticum. Baccæ 
immature ovate acutiusculæ cicatrisate. 

12, P.? Chinense ; glabrum, ramulis flexuosis, foliis modice 
petiolatis tenuiter membranaceis epunctatis venis pellu- 
cidis ovato-vel lato-ellipticis subinæquilateris acute acu- 
minatis basi latis ima acutiusculis, 5-nerviis, nervis tenuis- 
simis, medio ad apicem ducto, lateralibus 2 per anasto- 
moses ad eum continuatis, pedunculo petiolum circiter: 
æquante, amentis cylindricis densifloris hermaphroditis, _ 
bracteis clavato-peltatis? marcescentibus, ovario ovato, 
stigmatibus 3 brevibus erectis staminibus duobus vel plu- 
ribus? ovario circumpositis, antheris bilocularibus, fila- 
mentis basi adnatis partim persistentibus, baccis ovatis 
acutis stigmatum rudimentis coronatis. 

China (Millett). 

Piperacea admodum singularis, Enckeam quandam densi- 
floram referens, in genere prorsus dubia e meliore "pecie 
olim accuratius examinanda. — 

Ramuli inferne teretiusculi, superne. angulati glabri, 


440 ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS, 


flexuosi, nodosi, internodiis 3 cent. longis. Petioli 1 cent. 
longi; folia tenuissime membranacea equilatera vel plus 
minus inzequilatera 11-13 cent. longa, 5-7 lata, nervis tenuis- 
simis, anastomosibus horizontalibus reticulatis haud promi- 
nulis. Stipula oppositifolia parva lineari-convoluta glabra. 
Pedunculi 1 cent. longi; amenta in sicco nigricantia 4 cent. 
longa secta, pennam passerinam crassa; baccæ confertæ basi 
subcobærentes, filamentis rudimentariis verruceeformibus cir- 
cumdatæ.  Bractec parve clavate apice subpeltatim dilatatæ 
glabre? nunc certe pro parte delitescentes. Antheræ bilo- 
culares ovate fusce. Stigmata 3 brevia obtusiuscula pube- 
rula. 


Encxea, Kunth. 


1. E. levigata, l. c. p. 348.—In Peruvia (Mathews, n. 1708). 

2. E. species, e Sect. I, haud determinanda, affinis E. smilaci- 
folie.—Trinidad (de Schach). Folia ovata basi cordata vel 
truncata, apice in acumen breve desinentia, 20-27 cent. 
longa, 11-16 lata, septemnervia, nervis subtus prominen- 
tibus, venis parallelis prominentibus et reticulatis conjunc- 
tis, coriaceo-membranacea subepunctata glabra, petiolis 
43-2 cent. longis crassis.— Hec eadem videtur ac P. decu- 
manum, Willd. Herb. n. 693. (conf. Syst. Piper, p. 352.) 

3. E. glaucescens, p. 354. Mexico. Chile in ditione de Puebla 
(Andrieux, n. 96). 

4. E. plantaginea, p- 356. forma, foliis 5-nerviis, amentis fili- 
formibus 6-10 cent. longis, baccis remotis elliptico-ovatis. 
Jamaica, montes Westmoreland (Purdie).—An species ? 

5. E. ceanothifolia, p. 357.— Jamaica (Macfadyen, Distan). 

6. E. decrescens; ramis glabris striatis, ramulis petiolis foliis 
utrinque in nervis pedunculisque hirtellis, foliis membra- 
naceis pellucido-punctatis supra opacis et cito glabratis, 
inferioribus æquilateris lato-ovatis acuminatis basi pro- 
funde cordatis, 7.interdum sub-9-nerviis, superioribus. 
sensim decrescentibus summisque breviter petiolatis æqui- 
lateris vel inæquilateris ovatis brevi-acuminatis macro- — 
natis, basi rotundatis, 7-5-nerviis, amentis folium æquan- 


ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 441 


tibus vel superantibus confertifloris, bracteis spathulato- 

conchæformibus hirtis, ovario elliptico, stigmatibus 4 bre- 

vibus recurvis, baccis globoso-ellipticis subtetragonis. 
Has. America centralis, (Barclay.) 

E. ceanothifolie nec non E. sfipulacee accedens, facili 
negotio autem distinguenda. ; 

Petioli inferiores 34 cent. longi; folia 11-12 cent. longa, 
82-10 lata, acumine brevi plerumque obtuso mucronato, 
nervis subtus prominentibus medio ad apicem ducto, late- 
ralibus 2 per anastomoses, reliquis brevissimis presertim 
versus margines reticulatis; pili sparsi subtus persistentes. 
Folia media basi plerumque truncata; summa petiolis 1-1 
cent. longis sustenta, 5-7 cent. longa, 31-41 lata.  Petioli (ut 
et pedunculi) subretrorse hirtelli 3-1 cent. longi. Amenta 
florentia erecta teretia recta 5- 8 cent. longa densiflora. 
Stamina 4? filamentis brevibus, antheris bilocularibus ovatis; 
fructifera 6-9 cent. longa, baccis distinctis et ob flores plures 
haud foecundos subremotis, ovatis. Stigmata 4 brevia ovata 
puberula serius decidua. 


PELTOBRYON, Klotzsch. 


1, P. Mathewsii; ramulis pedunculis petiolis foliisque subtus 
in nervis primariis tenerrime puberulis cito glabratis, his 
membranaceis subepunctatis subtus glandulosis ovato- 
oblongis vel subovatis acuminatis acumine lineari-lanceo- 
lato subfalcato acutissimo, basi lato-rotundata subæquali 
in petiolum protracta, costulis majusculis usque ad £ alt. - 
circiter 6-8patulo-adscendentibus, amentis folio 3 fers 
ribus cylindricis rectis, pedunculo petiolo breviore vel 
subæquali, bracteis conchæformi-peltatis hirtellis deciduis, 
stylo filiformi ovarium superante, stigmatibus 3 linearibus 
patulis, 

Crescit in Peruvia, (Mathews, n. 1710). 

A P. calloso et Pæppigü, quibus foliorum forma aliqua- 
ternus accedit, amentis longioribus et facile styli filiformis 
longitudine distinguitur.  Petioli 15-8 mm. longi tenues 
antice canaliculati basi dilatati nodum. amplectentes cito 

VOL. IV. : EK 


442 ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 


glabrati. Folia utrinque saturate viridia, subtus vix palli- 
diora, membranacea, subtus minute glanduloso-punctata in 
nervo et venis primariis pilis tenerrimis inspersa, 9-15 cent. 
longa, 43-6 lata, basi lato-rotundata, ima secus petiolum 
quidquam protracta, æquilatera, apice tantum obliqua, Cos- 
tulis venosis primariis e nervo medio tenui utrinque 
usque ad 2 alt., circiter 6 vel 8 patulis versus margines ad- 
scendentibus, aliisque magis horizontalibus tenuibus, om- 
nibus tenuissime anastomosantibus, suprema utrinque per 
anastomoses fere ad apicem ducta. Pedunculi 5-7 mm. 
longi, amenta 6-7 cent. recta pennam gallinaceam tenui- 
orem crassa, suboblique rostellata, stylisque exsertis subhirta. 
Bracteæ pedicellate conchæformi-peltatæ hirtæ, sed in flo- 
rentibus et bacciferis amentis fere omnes deciduæ. Stamina 
decidua. Ovarium obpyramidatum 3-5-gonum apice lato- 
rotundatum, stylo toto filiformi 2 mm. «quante, stigmatibus 
intus puberulis. Baccæ glabre vertice umbonatæ plerumque 
stylo coronatæ. 

2. P. Hookeri; glabrum, ramulis resinoso-glandulosis, foliis 
membranaceis pellucido-punctatis, utrinque presertim 
subtus glandulis hemisphæricis nitidis inspersis, oblongis 
vel sublanceolato-oblongis brevi-acuminatis; acumine acuto 
vel obtusiusculo, basi leviter inæquali attenuato-acutis 
costis utrinque per totam longitudinem circiter 12 patulis 
prope marginem arcuato-anastomosantibus ac adscenden- 
tibus, amentis crassis cylindricis obtusis folio multoties 
brevioribus, stylo brevi crasso, stizmatibus 3 brevibus, 
baccis obovatis stylo deciduo cicatrisatis. : 

Crescit in sylvis humidis ad Stm. Martham (Purdie, Maio, 
1844.) 

Species. spectabilis inter P. longifolium, et attenuatum fere 
media, nec tamen dubia species. 

Ramuli succulenti angulati, nodi marginati. Petioli e basi 
dilatata antice canaliculati 1 raro 14 cent. longi. Folia mem- 
branacea supra lite viridia subnitentia, subtus pallida, nervo 
venisque presertim prope basin fuscescentibus pertensa, 
glabra, subæquilatera, oblonga latitudine maxima haud procul 


ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 443 


a basi pertingente indeque attenuata, acuta, basi subæqualia, 
venis primariis 11-12; 20-25 cent. longa, 7-10 lata. Sti- 
pula oppositifolia decidua coriaceo-scariosa striata glabra 
oblongo-lanceolata 2 cent. longa (adeoque ab illa P. attenuati 
valde diversa). Amenta patula pedunculis 1 cent. longis 
crassis suffulta, 4-53 cent. longa, 1 cent. crassa et crassiora, 
obtusissima, basi ob flores steriles attenuata, cæterum nunc 
baccifera. Bacce obovate leviter angulate discrete, stylo 
pyramidali crasso rostratz vel hoc deciduo cicatrisatæ. 


NgMATANTHERA, Mig. in Linnea, Tom. XVIII. 


1. N. Guianensis, Mig. l. c.— — Omnium hujus tribus generum 
maxime singulare. 

Crescit in Surinam (Hostmann n. 10). Folia paullo majora 
quam in specimine l. c. a me descripto, scil. 11-16 cent. 
longa. 


ARTANTHE, Mig. 


Sectio NaAND1, Mig. 


1. A. caudata, l. c. p. 380.—Pernambuco (Gardner). Chin- 
chao Peruviæ (ex Herb. Ruiz et Pav. n. 271), Trinidad. 

2. A. catalpefolia, p. 388.—Brasilia (Swainson). Trinidad 
(de Schach). - 

3. A. sororia ; ramulis petiolis foliisque utrinque preter mar- 
gines dense appresse hirtellos imamque basin juniorum 
glabris, his longe petiolatis pellucido-punctatis lato-ovatis 
abrupte et acute acuminatis, basi concavo-truncatis vel 
repando-cordatis, novemnerviis, petiolis anguste ad $ 
circiter alt. alulatis, amentis breviter pedunculatis ferat 
eurvatis folium subæquantibus, bracteis peltatis villoso- 
ciliatis. 

Crescit in Peruvia ad Chinchao (a. 1795, Ruiz et Pavon n. 
271). America centralis (Barclay). 

Duabus precedentibus valde affinis, sed foliorum E 


statim discernenda. Ramuli teretiusculi striati glabri nodosi. 
K K a: 


444 ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 


Petioli 3-5 cent. longi glabri utrinque alati, alis ad basin 
paullo dilatatis cæterum angustissimis, supra } alt. evanes- 
centibus. Folia tenuiter membranacea pellucido-punctata 
supra atroviridia opaca glabra preter imam basin juniorum 
interdum tenere pubescentem, subtus pallida subnitida, 
nervis prominentibus et parcis anastomosibus prominulis 
pertensa, lato-ovata abrupte anguste oblique vel recte acu- 
minata, equilatera, basi lata concava vix subcordata, secus 
margines pilis appressis densis brevibus instructa 14-17 cent. 
longa, 11-13 lata; nervi omnes e basi, 3 medii ad apicem 
ducti. Pedunculi 5 mm. longi, amenta 11 cent., leviter 
curvata, heic juniora. Genitalia ab iis A. caudate vix differre 
videntur, sed bractearum area centralis nuda fusca glandu- 
losa. 

4. A. Ruiziana; glabra, foliis breviter petiolatis rigide mem- 
branaceis epunctatis rotundato-ovatis, summis lato-ovatis, 
æquilateris vel inæquilateris subabrupte brevi-acuminatis 
acumine obtuso, basi lato-truncatis vel summis rotundatis 
9-vel sub-7-nerviis, nervis 5 mediis fere ad apicem ductis, 
pedunculo petiolum subæquante, amentis brevibus rectis 
teretibus, bracteis conchæformi-cucullatis glabriusculis, 
stigmatibus 4-5 recurvis. 

Crescit in Peruvie nemoribus ad Pangoa, m. Jul. (Mathews, 
n. 1143.) 
Rami ramulique angulati obtusato-trigoni, striulati, nas- 

centes glabriusculi, internodiis 6-12 cent. longis nodis dila- 

tato-marginatis. Petioli 2-1 cent. longi, trigono-senpteretes 
antice profunde canaliculati marginibus obtusati, in sicco 
fuscescentes, superficiei quasi glandulose. Folia majora 
inferiora 25-28 cent. longa, 23-19 lata, supra levia versus 
basin nervis sulcata, subtus nervis prominentibus et anasto- 
mosibus reticulata; superiora 16-19 cent. longa, 10-15 lata; 
nervi omnes e basi, 3 medii ad summum apicem, 5 medii ad 
acumen, reliqui alte adscendentes, extimi margini proximi vel - 


in superioribus foliis in ipso margine siti; anastomoses hore —. 


zontales venulis transversis junctæ. Stipula oppositifolia — 
coriacea lanceolato-oblonga convoluta rigida obtusiuscwa@  — 


ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS, 445 


glabriuscula 1 cent. longa. Pedunculi 1-14 cent., amenta 

42-53 cent. longa recta, pro planta tenuia. Bracteæ parvæ 

conchæformes glabriusculæ? vertice subpeltatæ ? hic valde 

corrugatæ. Ovarium obovatum glabrum, stigmata plerumque 

4 vel 5, crassiuscula, brevi-acuta minutissima puberula. 

Stamina quot? filamenta superne incrassata, antheræ subglo- 

bose. Folia inf. iis Enckee smilacifolie vel speciei dubie 

supra memorate valde similia. 

5. A. scutata, glabra, petiolis basi vaginantibus usque ad } 
alt. coriaceo-alatis, foliis membranaceis pellucido-punctatis 
ovatis æquilateris apice abrupte falcatim | acuminatis, 
acumine angusto obtusiusculo, paullo supra basin peltatis, 
hac leviter cordata «quali, nervis e basi et e nervo medio 
usque ad + alt. ortis 15-17-plinerviis, 3 mediis ad apicem 
ductis, amentis pedunculatis densifloris, folium æquanti- 
bus ? 

Crescit in Peruvia, (Mathews, n. 1700). 

Species admodum distincta, attamen ob genitalia in suppe- 
tente specimine haud investiganda, ulterius recognoscenda. 
Ramuli angulati glabri. Petioli 9 cent. longi, ala utrinque 
stipulacea acuti, que striata glabra. Folium adultum 26 
cent. longum, 211 latum, utrinque leve nitidum, subtus pal- 
lidius, supra nervis pertensum, anastomosibus transversis 
parum prominulis. Nervatio talis, ut folium utrinque 7-8 
costatum dici posset. Coste 4 superiores alte arcuatim 
versus margines adscendunt, suprema vel 2 superiores ad 
apicem. , Petiolus ad 3 cent. a basi insertus. Stipula oppo- 
sitifolia coriacea glabra convoluta. Amentum adest junius, 
10 cent. longum cylindricum, pedunculo 2 cent.longo sus- 
tentum. ; 


Sectio MaAcRosTACuvs, Mig. 


6. A. magnifica, l. c. p. 391. Peruvia (Mathews, n. 1699.) 
7. A. richardiefolia, p. 395.—In sylvis umbrosis montium 
Organensium (Gardner, n. 623. Frutex 6-ped.) 

8. A. coccoloboides, p. 397. Serra de Mendanha Brasiliæ 


446 ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 


(Gardner, n. 5185). Frutex 6-ped. Folium juvenile supra 
molliter pubescens ; cæterum congruit. 

9. A. Lessertiana, p. 405. Varietas folis apice attenuato- 
acutis ipso obtusis, costis utrinque 12 et pluribus. Differt 
habitu etiam- parumper a speciminibus Swartzianis et 
Leprieurianis olim a me descriptis, speciem tamen sistere 
non videtur. Jamaica, (Purdie). 


Sectio Caurumayu, Mig. 


10. A. Hookeriana; ramulis pedunculis petiolis foliisque 
utrinque glabris, his membranaceis pellucido-punctatis sub- 
inzequilateraliter lato-ovatis acuminatis, acumine brevi-lan- 
ceolato acuto, basi leviter inæquali truncato vel subcordato- 
rotundatis, costis e basi et supra eam ad 4 vel à alt. 
utrinque 4-5, noveno-vel undeno-nerviis, amentis breviter 
pedunculatis brevibus cylindricis acutis densifloris, bracteis 
peltatis semiorbiculari-triangularibus villoso-ciliatis, area 
centrali nuda subrotunda, ovario in stylum brevem atte- 
nuato, stigmatibus 3 lanceolatis. 

Crescit in Peruvia ad Serruja, Chachapoyas, (Mathews, n. 
3222). | 
Species valde distincta cum sola A. Enckeoide comparanda. - 

Rami ramulique striati angulati sensim teretiusculi, inter- 
nodiis-4-6 cent. longis. Petioli 2-13 cent. longi antice cana- 
liculati et submarginati. Folia lete viridia subtus pallida 
17-21 cent. longa, 10-121 lata, plerumque aliquantum in- 
æquilatera, latere scil. exteriore latiore et } cent. ad basin 
longiore, marginibus demum leviter revoluta ; e nervo medio 
versus basin crassiusculo et subtus prominente, versus apicem - 
autem valde attenuato utrinque 4-5 costæ oriuntur, quarum. 
tres plerumque e basi, quarta paullo supra basin et quinta 
ad § veli alt. a basi exorta, omnes patulo-adscendentes, | 
suprema fere ad apicem continuata, infime tenuissimæ ; anas- 
tomoses parcæ vix distincte. Pedunculi 1-1} cent., amenta 
florentia 5 cent. longa recta patula, apice plerumque acuta, 

4-5 mm. crassa. Flores densi sabannulatim dispositi. Bracte® — 

pedicellato-peltatæ antice concavatæ, peltæ ambitu croceo- - 


ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 447 


. villoso ciliato ubtriangulari, area centrali nuda verruculoso- 


fusca semiorbiculari-vel triangulari-rotundata. ^ Ovarium 

glabrum. 

11. A. Endlicheriana; ramulis junioribus petiolis postice 
folis subtus in nervis primariis quam tenerrime puberulis 
cito glabratis, his coriaceo-membranaceis pellucido punc- 
tatis supra glabris utrinque glandulis fuscis inspersis 
ovato-subdeltoideis attenuatis acuminatis inæquilateris, 
basi subæquali leviter cordatis vel truncatis, costis e basi 
et usque } alt. utrinque 5-6 11-13-plinerviis, nervis 3 
mediis ad apicem ductis, pedunculis appresse hirteliis 
petiolo + brevioribus, amentis rectis folio subbrevioribus, 
bracteis pedicellato-peltatis, peltæ margine lato-membra-- 
naceo lacero-ciliolato, ovario in stylum attenuato, nem 
tibus 4 lineari-lanceolatis recurvatis. 

Crescit in Peruvia, (Mathews, n. 1698). 

Petioli basi dilatata amplexicaules, antice profunde análi- 
culati, stipulis petiolaribus diutius adhærentibus sensim cica- 
trisatis, 1 fere 2 cent. longi. Folia e basi ovata aliquatenus 
inæquilateraliter deltata sursum regulariter attenuata et in 
acumen breve obtusiusculum terminata, 20-22 cent. longa, 
9-104 lata, presertim in parte 4 inf. inæquilatera ; nervi 4-5 
utrinque e basi; reliqui supra basin liberi fortiores alte ad- 
scendentes, subtus prominentes, anastomosibus remotis 
tenuibus prominulis. Pedunculi 8 mm., amenta 12 cent. 
longa, recta, 2-3 mm. crassa; flores subspiraliter dispositi. 
Bractearum pelta subrotunda vel subtriangularis, area centrali 
fusca crassiuscula, margine extenuato lutescente. Filamenta 
teretia, antheræ ovate cordate pallide. Ab A. Hookeriana 
foliis sursum valde attenuatis, nervatione et amentis lon- 
gioribus statim distinguitur, 

12. A. Benthumiana; glabra, folis coriaceo-membranaceis 
pellucido-punctatis inæquilateraliter ovato-oblongis longe 
et anguste acuminatis basi leviter inæquali-rotundatis, 
costis majoribus utrinque pluribus, inferioribus 4-5 e basi 
vel basi proximis fortiusculis adscendentibus, reliquis su- 
perioribus tenuioribus magis patulis, summa apici proxima 


448 ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 


in acumen continuata, pedunculo petiolum circiter æquante, 

amentis cylindricis rectis folio multo brevioribus, bracteis 

conchaformibus basi hirtis apice tuberculato-subpeltatis 

(glabris ?) 

Has. Caraccas, (Linden, n. 216). 

A precedentibus nec non ab A. grandifolia et affinibus 
foliorum nervatione haud difficili negotio discernitur. Petioli 
trigono-semiteretes, antice canaliculati 2-1 cent. longi. Folia 
20-25 cent., 8-114 lata, versus basin perspicue inæquilatera, 
latere latiore + cent. ad basin longiore et costis 1-2 extraor- 
dinariis prædito. Coste majores 4-5 utrinque e basi adscen- 
dentes fortiores et intervallo distincto a costis superioribus 
separate; he plures 10-12 magis patulæ magisque arcuate ; 
omnes prominentes sparse anastomosantes. Margines leviter 
revoluti. Stipula oppositifolia decidua 1$ cent. longa lineari- 
convoluta glabriuscula. Pedunculi 12, amenta 6 cent. longa, 
recta pennam corvinam crassa obtusa juniora. Genitalia haud 
bene distincta. Bractearum virginalium apex tuberculiformis | 
subtriangularis, vix glaber. 

13. A. Schachii; glabra, foliis membranaceis pellucido-punc- 
tatis, inferioribus lato-ovatis oblique acuteque acuminatis | 
subeequilateris basi lato-rotundatis, infra à alt. noveno- 
nerviis et superne patulo-venosis, superioribus ellipticis 
inæquilateris basi obtusis vel acutiusculis subseptupli- 
nerviis et superne venosis, pedunculis petiolo brevioribus, 
amentis rectis teretibus obtusis, folio 4 brevioribus, bracteis 
inflexo-peltatis, vertice ovariisque griseo-pubescentibus. p 

Crescit in ins. Trinidad, (de Schach.) z 
Species quoad sectionem haud plane certa, amentis e£ - 

foliorum superiorum indole ad Sect. Leiophyllon vergens. - 

Rami teretes striati, internodiis longis, nodis tumidis. 
Petioli, præsertim inferiores, basi amplo-dilatata amplexi- 
caules, marginibus e stipulis deciduis tenuiter cicatrisati, - 
33-1 cent. longi. Folia tenuiter membranacea, pellucido- - 
punctata, supra late viridia, subtus pallidiora, inferiora 17-18 
cent. longa, 104-11 lata, costis tenuibus, 3-4 utrinque e bas! - 
quinta ad % vel 3 alt. a basi, superne quedam tenuiores, 


* 


ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 449 


quarum summa usque ad apicem ducta. Anastomoses tenues. 

Folia superiora 15-17 cent. longa, 6-84 lata, costis 2-3 utrin- 

que e basi quarta paullo altius libera. Stipula oppositifolia 

decidua linearis convoluta subcurvata 1 cent. paullo superans. 

Pedunculi 5-6 mm., amenta 5-7 cent. longa, 2 mm. crassa, 

adspectus griseo-pubescentis. 

14. A. Selloviana, p. 416? Cumana (Funcke, n. 674). 

15. A. Miersiana ; ramulis petiolis pedunculisque appresse 
subretrorse hirto-pubescentibus, foliis coriaceis sparse pel- 
lucido-punctatis, supra tenerrime puberulis nervisque sul- 
catis, subtus sublacunosis incanis pubescenti-tomentosis 
pilis supra nervos densioribus oblique ovatis acuminatis 
acumine acutiusculo mucronulato, basi leviter inæquali 
rotundatis vel subcordatis, 5-7-plinerviis, nervis 3 me- 
diis ad } alt. solutis, reliquis e basi pedunculo petiolum 
bis terve superante, amentis cylindricis brevibus obtusis, 
bracteis pedicellato-peltatis subrotundatis croceo-ciliato- 
hirtis, area centrali nuda glandulosa, staminibus 4? infimo 
bracteæ opposito, baccis obpyramidatis vertice subtrun- 
cato-umbilicatis. 

Has. Peruvia, in Chachapoyas, (Mathews, n. 186.) 

Species A. Andicole accedens, certe A. albide, p. 415 affinis, 
que tamen secundum descriptionem a cl. Kunth datam qui- 
busdam notis differre videtur. 

Frutex. Rami teretes nodosi appresse pubescentes, inter- 
nodiis 2-5 cent. longis; ramuli dichotomi dense tomentoso- 
hirti, tomento sordide ochraceo. Petioli 4-10 mm. longi, 
antice canaliculati. Folia in sicco supra sordide fusca, nervis 
venisque canaliculata, attamen levia, sub lente pilis teneris 
inspersa, subtus ochraceo-incana, molliter tomentoso-pubes- 
centia, pilis supra nervos longioribus, plus minus ineequilate- 
raliter ovata, acuminata, acumine lanceolato-lineari sursum 
attenuato acuto mucronulato, marginibus revolutis, basi sub- 


-— 


attenuata leviter inæquali plerumque rotundata aut aliquid | 


excisa, 5-6 cent. longa, 3 cent. ad 1 alt. circiter lata, nervis 

subtus prominentibus medio ad apicem ducto, e basi utrinque 

uno majore et sepe altero ad imam basin tenui, tertius 
VOL. IV. RE 


450 ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 


remotius a basi ortus extrorsum dichotomus, per anastomoses 
ad apicem fere continuatus, omnes anastomosibus prominen- 
tibus juncti. Stipula oppositifolia decidua lanceolata carinata 
leviter curvata hirtella petiolum circiter æquans. Pedunculi 
1-13 cent. longi, amenta fere matura 3-4 cent. longa, calamum 
scriptorium crassa recta obtusa suberecta, in sicco nigricantia. 
Baccæ obpyramidate tri-polygone, glabra, stigmatum 3-4 
lanceolatorum longiusculorum basi coalitorum cicatrice no- 
tate. Antheræ parve. Bracteæ persistentes. 
16. A. Andicola ? p. 415.—Cum specimen authenticum non 
viderim, in tanta affinium specierum copia determinationem 
certam habere vix audeo. 
Crescit in Peruvie Prov. Serruja; Chachapoyas, (Mathews, 

n. 3225.) 

Ramuli fusco-tomentoso-pubescentes. Petioli 1-2 cent. 
longi antice canaliculati basi nodum marginantes pubes- 
centes, Folia submembranacea lato-ovata attenuato-acu- 
minata, acumine brevi obtusiusculo, basi inæquali cordata, - 
lobis conniventibus petiolum tegentibus, 11-114 cent. longa, — 
7-74 lata, noveno-nervia si nervos infimos tenuissimos 
adnumeres, nervis 5 mediis paullo supra basin solutis, - 
reliquis ex ipsa basi egressis, medio ad apicem, 2 supe- 
rioribus fere ad eum ductis, supra molliter pubescentia, 
subtus flavescenti-tomentoso-pubescentia. Pedunculi 1 cent. 
longi pubescentes, amenta baccifera 4-6 cent. longa obtusa, 
calamum scriptorium crassa. Bracteæ pedicellato-peltatæ - 
triangulares hirto-ciliate pilis flavis, area exigua oblonga - 
nuda verruculosa. Baccæ obovate compresso-quadratz apice - 
umbonate punctate, juniores puberulæ ? M 

Osserv. Hec et precedens species foliorum tomento, © 
amentorum forma et baccis ad species quasdum Sect. Radule, 
v. c. A. erocatam accedere videntur. RT estt 
17. A. Pavoni ; ramulis petiolis pedunculis foliisque subtus | 

molliter pubescentibus, his membranaceis pellucido-punc- - 

tatis, supra molliter puberulis sensim glabratis ovans- 
attenuato-acuminatis subæquilateris, basi æquali-rotun- - 
datis vel leviter cordatis, nervis e basi et e nervo mec” 


ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 451 


usque ad 2 alt. utrinque 6 adscendentibus, petiolis versus 
basin subvaginantibus pedunculum bis terve superantibus, 
amentis crassis cylindricis rostellato-acutis rectiusculis folio 
paullo brevioribus, bracteis conchæformi-peltatis ochraceo- 
. hirtis, stigmatibus longiusculis, antheris ovato-oblongis. 

Crescit in Peruvia ad Quebrada i in Pariahuanca, (Mathews, 
15-798.) 

Ramuli teretiusculi sensim glabrati, juniores molliter pu- 
bescentes subochracei, internodiis 5-8 cent. longis. Nodi 
marginati. Petioli 2-93 cent. longi, antice profunde canali- 
culati basi dilatati, antice e stipulis petiolaribus deciduis 
cicatrisati, cæterum dense pubescentes. Folia 13-14 cent. 
longa, 8-93 lata, æquilatera, attenuato-acuminata, acumine 
acutiusculo, basi qualia vel subæqualia, nervis fere infra 
.$ alt. ortis multiplinervia, 3 mediis ad apicem ductis, infe- 
rioribus utrinque 4 fere e basi exortis, omnibus subtus 
prominentibus, anastomosibus tenuibus. Stipula oppositi- 
folia coriacea oblonga acutiuscula subconvoluta hirtella 2 
cent. longa. Pedunculi crassi dense hirti 5 mm. longi, 
amenta 9-10 cent. longa, calamum scriptorium crassa ; antheræ 
supra bracteas exsertæ.  Bractearum area centralis exigua 
nuda, ceterum dense hirte vertice subtriangulares. 

18. A. alpina ; ramulis foliis utrinque pedunculisque glabris, 
petiolis junioribus antice tenere ciliolatis cito glabratis, 
folis submembranaceis glandulis venulisque pellucidis, 
ovatis vel elliptico-ovatis attenuato-subacuminatis apice 
ipso obtuso, plus minus ineequilateris, basi leviter inæquali 
rotundatis, septupli- vix novem-nerviis, pedunculo petiolum 
superante, amentis patulis crassis rectis obtusis folium 
superantibus vel fere æquantibus, bracteis pedicellato-pel- 

tatis, pelta suborbiculari vel triangulari flavo-hirto-ciliata 

_ area orbiculari nuda, stigmatibus 3 lanceolatis. 

Crescit in monte Pichincha, 10,000 pedum. alt. (Hall.) 
Habitu A. cinnamomifoliam, p. 419, quodammodo referens, 

sed nervatione foliorum et bett cet. per distin- Tm 

guenda. - AP : 

Rami dichotomi, ramuli ME glabri. Petioli + fire 

LL 2 


i * 


452 ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 


1 cent. longi, antice canaliculati, ima basi nodum marginantes, 
nascentes marginibus tenere ciliolati mox glabrati. Folia 
utrinque glabra, supra opaca, subtus pallida, nascentia hic 
illic uno alterove pilo instructa, venis pariter ac glandulis pel- 
lucidis, plerumque elliptico-ovata et plus minus inæquilatera 
attenuato-acuminata, acumine apiceve ipso obtuso, raro acu- 
tiusculo, basi leviter inæquali-rotundata raro leviter excisa, 
nervo medio percurrente utrinque usque ad # alt. a basi 
costulas 3 vel cum una basilari tenuissima 4 emittente pro- 
minentes versus margines adscendentes, aliquasque tenuiores 
superne, nulla ad apicem ducta, omnes parce et obsolete 
anastomosantes; 5-7 cent. longa, 3-34 lata. Pedunculi crassi 
angulati 11-2 cent. longi; amenta matura 3-6 cent. longa 
recta obtusa, calamum scriptorium crassa; flores annu- 
latim dispositi. Bracteæ pelte area centralis demum fere 
omnino rotunda elevata verruculosa, ambitus e pilis sub- 
luteis primum subtriangulari-semilunaris demum fere orbicu- 
laris. Baccæ obpyramidate polygone vertice truncate. 
Stamina 3. ? 
19. A. macrophylla, p. 423, forma folis subtus densius 
hirtellis, amentis (3-4 cent.) brevibus rostratis. Vix species. 
St. Vincent, (Guilding.) : 


Sectio Ranura, Mig. 


20. A. Radula, p. 426, forma foliis paullo, minoribus subtus 
scabro-hirtulis nec mollibus, amentis maturis.— Minas 
Geraes Brasiliæ, (Claussen.) 

21. A. dasyoura; ramulis petiolis pedunculis foliisque subtus 
tomentoso-pubescentibus demum scabro-hirtis, his rigido- 
coriaceis epunctatis supra areolatis verrucoso-asperrimis in 

nervis junioribus setulosis, oblongis subæquilateris breviter 
et obtuso-acuminatis, basi subæquali obtusis, usque ad $ 
alt. utrinque 8-costatis, amentis longe pedunculatis cras- 
sissimis obtusis curvatis folium æquantibus, floribus annu- - 
latim dispositis, bracteis pedicellato-peltatis antice concavis | 
preter basin fuligineo-hirsutissimis, ovario sursum atte- 
nuato pubescente, stigmatibus 4 linearibus longiusculis. — — 


^ 


ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 453 


Crescit in Peruvia, (Mathews, n. 1716.) 

Species spectabilis admodum distincta, sed ob folia fere 
æquilatera a contribualibus quodammodo recedens. 

Ramuli angulati, nascentes hirsuti, provectiores pilis partim 
deciduis partim rigescentibus scabrido-hirti. Petioli 1-14 
cent. longi teretiusculi antice vix canaliculati hirto-tomentosi. 
Folia 18-20 cent. longa, 6-9 lata, apice brevi-acuminata, 
acumine obtuso submucronato recto vel parumper obliquo, 
marginibus leviter revoluta, basi obtusa, raro aliquantulum 
acutiuscula, costis utrinque 8, prope basin approximatis, 2 
superioribus ad apicem ductis, omnibus supra impressis ; 
pagina superior anastomosibus impressis areolata, inque iis 
pilis sparsis rigidis asperrima. Stipula oppositifolia decidua 
lanceolata carinato-falcata coriacea pubescens, intus hirsuta, 
14-2 cent. longa. Stipule petiolares pro parte persistentes 
margine ciliato et hirto nodos ambientes. Pedunculi 3-34 
cent. longi. Amenta 14-20 cent. longa, 8 mm. crassa, cy- 
lindrica, obtusa, tomento tota fuliginea. Stamina 4? fila- 
menta teretia, superne subpuberula? Antheræ biloculares 
ovate subcordatze. 

22. A. Lindeniana ; ramulis petiolis pedunculis foliisque 
subtus in nervis venulisque incano-hirtis, his subcoriaceis 
pellucidos punctatis, nascentibus supra in nervis primariis 
pilosulis cito glabratis demum areolato-bullatis levibus, 
subtus lacunosis sensim scabrescentibus ovato-ellipticis 
æquilateris acute acuminatis acumine mucronato, basi 
inæquilaterali subæquali rotundatis leviter excisis, costis | 
majoribus utrinque circiter 6 patulo-adscendentibus, nulla 
ad apicem ducta, omnibus lacunoso-reticulatis, pedunculo 
petiolum circiter æquante, amentis cylindricis obtusis brevi- 
mucronatis folio brevioribus, bracteis pedicellato-peltatis 
triangularibus griseo-hirto-ciliatis. 

Has. Nova Granada. (Linden, n. 839.) 

Species in sectione quodammodo heterogenea, sed ob folia 
_ lacunosa scabrescentia et bracteas huic sectioni aptior mm 
reliquis. 

Rami teretes scabro- pubescens nodosi; ramuli angulati ; 


454 ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 


dense hirti. Petioli basi vaginantes antice canaliculati dense 
hirti 2-1 cent. longi; stipulis petiolaribus serius deciduis 
scariosis. Folia 9-12 cent. longa, 41-6 lata, sicca molliter 
coriacea, supra atroviridia opaca, adulta valde areolata, areolis 
tetra-penta- vel polygonis sulcis profundis separatis, subtus 
cinerascentia dense hirta, pilis supra nervos et anastomoses 
sensim deciduis scabrida, ad lentem punctata. Stipula op- 
positifolia decidua lanceolato-oblonga acuta carinata, 2 cent. 
longa, praesertim deorsum dense appresse cano-hirta. Pe- 
dunculi tenues 1-14 cent. longi ; amenta juniora griseo-hirtella 

4-44 cent. longa, pennam corvinam crassa. Bracteæ area 

centralis nuda oblonga vel triangularis, glandulosa, ceterum 

griseo-hirta. 

23. A. areolata ; ramulis petiolis pedunculis foliisque subtus 
in nervis venisque sparse longe et patentim hirtis, foliis 
longe petiolatis coriaceis pellucido-punctatis, supra prater 
basin nervi medii, glabris areolatis demum areolato-bullatis, 
subtus fusco-punctatis lacunosis, ovatis attenuato-acumi- 
natis subæquilateris, basi in aliis æquali in aliis inæquali- 

_ rotundatis, costis infra 3 alt. utrinque 5 (infimis 2 subtilis- 

- simis, reliquis 3 superioribus majusculis,) nulla ad apicem 
ducta, pedunculo petiolum bis terve superante, amentis 
cylindricis rectiuseulis vel leviter curvatis pedunculo bre- 
vioribus vel longioribus, bracteis conchæformi-peltatis, area 
subsemilunari-triangulari nuda ambitu ciliolatis, filamentis 
exsertis. ng E 

Crescit s Serruja, Chachapoyas, Peruviæ, (Mathews, ne —— 
3227. 


 Stirps singularis, inter hanc et præcedentem sectionem s 


fere intermedia, indumento, foliorum forma et amentis longe — 
pedunculatis insignis. Rami subglabri, ramuli patentim hirti 
cito glabrati. Petioli teretiusculi basi subvaginantes patentim - 
hirti 3-13 cent. longi. Folia 12-16 cent. longa, 6-83 lata; 

fere omnino æquilatera ovata vel oblongo-ovata, quædam bast 


omnino æqualia rotundata, quaedam inæqualia (latere externo — : 


l cent. longiore,) apice acuminata, supra saturate viridia. - 
areolata, areolis parvis pentagonis vel irregularibus, quibus - 


ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 455 


margini ipso adspectus crenulatus imprimitur, juniora margi- 
nibus ciliata, basi in nervo medio pilosula, hoc demum dila- 
tato lutescenti-excorticato, subtus pallida juniora reticulata, 
adulta lacunosa in venis et costis sparse hirta, sub lente punc- 
tata, Stipula oppositifolia lanceolato-carinata hirta 1 cent. 
circiter longa. Pedunculi patentim hirti 41-51 cent. longi. 

Amenta 5-12 cent. longa, cylindrica calamum scriptorium 

crassa, obtusa vel sterili-acutata, in sicca sordide fuscescentia, 

plerumque plus minuscurvata. Flores densissimi. Bracteæ 
conchæformi-subpeltatæ sed in sicco ægre distinguendæ. 

Baccee immature glabre obpyramidate basi cuneate, stig- 

matibus 3 lanceolatis longiusculis puberulis. Stamina lon- 

giuscula, filamentis teretibus exsertis, anthere parvae sub- 
globose biloculares sordide lutescentes. 

24. A. acutifolia, p. 428. Forma minor quam specimina 
Ruiziana olim descripta.—Peruvia in prov. Huanuco et 
Pariahuanca ad ripas fluminum, (Mathews, n. 795,n. 1715), 
in Chachapoyas, (idem, n. 187.) 

25. A. crocata, p. 429; pedunculi (1 cent. longi) petiolum 
æquantes ;—nulla alia autem differentia a sp. Ruizianis. 
Crescit in Peruvia, (Mathews, n. 1711 vel 1712.) 

26. A. salviæfolia ? p. 430. Ad Huanuco et Pariahuanca Pe- 
ruviæ, (Mathews, n. 794.) Foliis tantum longioribus a sp. 
meis recedens. 

Alia species, ab A. salvefolia recedens; foliis basi acutis, 
sed ob amenta nimis juvenilia haud tuto extricando, a cl. 
Mathews ad Serruja, Chachapoyas lecta, (n. 3224.) 

27. A. verbascifolia, p. 431, var. foliis basi minus inzequalibus 
et minus profunde excisis. Quito, (Jameson, n. 61.) — 

28. A. lanceæfolia, p. 433.—In Peruvia legit Mathews, speci- 
mina foliis majoribus 20-24 cent. longis, 43-63 latis. For- 

mam amentis paullo longioribus 9-10 cent. in Nova Granada 

cl. Linden, n. 976. 

29. A. elongata, p. 434. Columbia, (Hartweg, n. 1396.) 
Ejusdem forma latifolia? Peruvia, (Mathews, n. 1706.) - 
Folia multo latiora 20-25 cent. longa, 7 3-9 er petioli 
} cent. longi. 


456 ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIFERACEAS. 


30. A. granulosa, p. 435. In Peruvia, Prov. Mozobamba, 
(Mathews, n. 188.) 

31. A. Peppigii, p. 437.  Peruvia, (Mathews, 1693). . Forma 
glabrior, (idem, n. 1705.) 

32. A. asperifolia, p. 441. In Peruvie nemoribus ad Pangoa, 
(Mathews, n. 1146,) ibidem, (n. 1145 bis.) 

33. A. Jalapensis, p. 444. Folia quaedam 20 cent. longa, 9 
lata, basi valde inæqualia. Certa bona species, Mexico, 
(Galeotti.) 

34. A. hirsuta, p. 446. Folia suprema fere lanceolata 14 cent. 
longa, 4-4} lafa; infima 25 cent. longa, 10 lata, utrinque 
ad 4 alt. S-costata. In vallibus umbrosis insule Trinidad, 
(Purdie.) 

85. A. scabra, p. 447, var. foliis minoribus 10-12 cent. longis. 
Jamaica, (Purdie.) 

36. A. adunca, p. 449. In Jamaica valde vulgaris, (n. 137,) 
in Trinidad, (Lockhart.)—Forma angustifolia, Essequebo, 
(Schomb. n. L)— Specimen Peruvianum, (Serruja, Chacha- 
poyas, Mathews, n. 3295), habitu A. granulose simile, 
ramulis petiolis pedunculis junioribus molliter pubescenti- 
bus, foliis brevissime petiolatis cæt. Anne species ? 

37. A. gracilis? p. 448. San Carlos, Peruvie, (Mathews, 
n. 1695.) Descriptio brevior Flore Peruvian cum speci- 
minibus satis congrua, nec tamen ideo in hac sectione 
determinatio certa. Rami ramulique griseo-tomentoso- 
pubescentes. Petioli 4-8 mm. longi hirti. Folia coriaceo- 
membranacea Supra saturate viridia molliter demum-sca- 
briuscula pubescentia, subtus incano-hirsuta ; demum sero- 
biculata, inferiora ovato-, superiora elliptico-lanceolata, basi 
leviter inzequali obtusa vel acuta, apice attenuato-acuminata 
9-11 cent. longa, 23-31 lata, costis utrinque pluribus ad- 
scendentibus. Pedunculi 1-2 cent. longi tomentoso-hir- 
telli, Amenta 3-7 cent. longa recta.  Bractece pedicellato- 
peltatæ, pelta triangulari fere tota hirta, vix centro nuda. 
Ovarium glabrum. 

38. A. aspera; ramulis petiolis pedunculis foliisque subtus 
in nervis hirtellis, his rigido-membranaceis  pellucido- 


ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 457 


punctatis, junioribus supra in nervis puberulis, ceterum 
pilis rigidis minutissimis asperrimis, quibus deciduis punc- 
tatis, subtus pallidis glanduloso-punctatis scabridis, ob- 
longis, adultis sued ta lee acuminatis, basi subæquali 
acutis, costis ad 4 alt. utrinque 5, amentis folio subbre- 
vioribus cylindricis rectis vel flexuosis acutis, bracteis pedi- 
cellato-peltatis ochraceo-villosulis. 

Crescit in Peruvia, (Mathews, n. 1703.) 

Ex affinitate A. Opizii et A. asperifolie, foliis autem sub- 
æqualibus ad A. diospyrifoliam accedit. Rami obtuso-trigoni 
asperi, juniores dense pubescentes.  Petioli antice canalicu- 
lati 14-2 cent. longi. Folia 15-22 cent.longa, 7-9 lata, supra 
opaca, adulta asperrima, punctis elevatis e pilis crassiusculis 
brevissimis deciduis relictis, pube supra nervos majores per- 
sistente; subtus scabra, pilis secundum nervos appressis, 
cæterum fusco-punctata ; costæ 2 superiores fere supra 1 alt. 
orte ad apicem perducte. Basis subæqualis acute attenuata, 
apicis acumen modicum acutum. Folia nascentia valde ine- 
quilatera. Pedunculi 1-12, amenta 10-12 cent. longa pennam 
corvinam crassa, aspectu ochracea. 

39. A. Kunthiana, p. 453. Pedunculi paullo longiores quam 
in reliquis speciminibus a me visis. Caracas, (Linden, 
n. 121.) 

40. A. Cearensis? p. 456. Amenta breviora. In Brasiliæ, 
Prov. Goyaz, (Gardner, n. 4355.) Quam in Prov. Ceara 
legit speciem legitimam in vallibus umbrosis, fruticem 6 
pedum altum prædicat. 

41. A. leucophylla, p. 460. Mexicum ad Chilo in Puebla, 
(Andrieux, n. 94.) Nem 

42. A. salicariefolia, p. 468. Ins. St. Catherina, Brasiliæ, 
(Tweedie.) | . 

43. A. ulmifolia, p. 472, formam pedunculis petiolum paullo 
superantibus in ins. St. Vincent legit Guilding; legitimam 
in-ins. Antigua, Dr. Nicholson; in St. Domingo, (Dr. 
Imray.) 

44. A. tenuicuspis; ramulis petiolisque molliter longeque 
hirtis, foliis breviter petiolatis membranaceis pellucido- 


458 ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS, 


punetatis supra preter nervum medium versus basin in 
junioribus hirtellum, glabris, subtus minute punctulatis in 
nervis venulisque appresse hirtellis scabriusculis, elongato- 
oblongis inæquilateris longe anguste et acute acuminatis, 
versus basin attenuatis, basi valde inæquali semicordatis, 
costis infra 4 alt. utrinque circiter 5, summa ad apicem 
ducta, amentis breviter pedunculatis rectis folio 1 breviori- 
bus, bracteis conchæformi-peltatis vertice tenere ciliolatis. 
Crescit in Peruvia, (Mathews, n. 1704.) à 
Pili ramulorum et petiolorum pre reliquis longi molles 
haud densi, citius cadentes. Petioli 5-10 mm. longi, lobo 
baseos majore fere tecti. Folia tenuiter membranaceas lete 
viridia levia, subtus pallida glaucescentia subscabriuscula, 
presertim versus basin inæquilatera, latere majore in lobulum 
rotundatum 1 cent. longum producto, altero (angustiore) 
truncato, apice in acumen lanceolato-lineare valde attenuatum 
producta, 22-25 cent. longa, 8-10 lata; coste tenues plerum- 
que utrinque 5 vel et 6 addito infima tenuissima basilari; 
anastomoses parce tenues horizontales. Pedunculi subgla- 
brati 5-8 mm. longi, amenta 10-11 cent. longa, 2-3 mm. 
crassa, acutiuscula. Flores annulato-spiraliter dispositi. - 
45. A. dasypoda; ramulis petiolis pedunculisque hirto-vil- 
losis, foliis membranaceis pellucido-punctatis supra sparse 
pubescentibus sensim glabratis, subtus preesertim in nervis 
marginibusque hirto-pilosis (pilorum articulis brevissimis 
numerosis) oblongis vel ovato-oblongis parum inæquilateris 


falcatim acuteque acuminatis, basi subæquali leviter cor- — E 
datis vel rotundatis, costis usque ad } alt. utrinque 4-5, — — 
summa ad apicem ducta, amentis breviter pedunculatis. ; : 
— (nascentibus) dense hirtis brevissimis subconico-oblongis 


Crescit in Peruvia, (Mathews, n. 1702.) 


- Ramuli angulati, petioli ac peduneuli pilis ochraceo-fuscis — 
mollibus patentibus densissime vestiti. Petioli antice canali- — 


culati sepe numero stipularum petiolarium vestigiis instructi, — 


] cent. circiter longi. Folia 15-18 cent. longa, 6-8 lata, — E 
supra pilis sparsis Super nervos paullo densioribus subpu- P. 


berula iisdemque ciliata, subtus densius pubescentia, preter 


ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 459 


acumen falcatum  lineari-lanceolatum subzequilatera, basi 

plerumque fere tota æqualia leviter cordata, costis utrinque 

3 fere e basi, quorum superior et sequens alte adscendunt, 

summa ad À alt. orta cum opposita aream lanceolatam inclu- 

dens ad apicem perducta. Anastomoses tenues subtus vix 

prominule. Amenta nascentia pedunculo densissime hirto 

quam petiolus breviore suffulta 13-2 longa crassa ochraceo- 
hirta. 

46. A. cornifolia, p. 479. Folia paullo brevius et obtusius- 
cule acuminata, alioquin a sp. Humboldtiano haud diversa. 

Columbia, (Cuming. 1231.) 

47. À. eriopoda; ramis angulatis punctulato-asperiusculis, 
ramulis petiolis foliisque subtus in nervis dense hirtis, his 

. eoriaceis pellucido-punctatis supra punctato-asperrimis, 
subtus-scabro-hirtis et fusco-punctatis, ellipticis paullo 
inæquilateris longe anguste acuteque acuminatis, basi sub- 
æquali acutis, costis usque ad 3 alt. utrinque 6-7 parallele 
adscendentibus 3 mediis ad apicem, reliquis alte versus 
marginis adscendentibus, amentis erectis rectis cylin- 
dricis folio paullum brevioribus, pedunculo cito glabrato 
petiolum superante, bracteis inflexo-peltatis triangularibus 
ciliatis, baccis glabris vertice truncato-concavis. 

Crescit in Nova Granada, (Linden, n. 840.) Foliorum indu- 
mento et genitalibus ad A. asperifoliam, forma autem 
ad A. diospyrifoliam accedit. 

Petioli 1 cent. longi antice canaliculati, basi dilatata nodum 
marginantes, dense fusco-hirti. Folia adulta rigide sed haud 
crasse coriacea, supra opaca asperrima, in nervis primariis 
pilis brevibus sensim deciduis instructa nervisque demum ca- 
naliculata, subtus ad lentem elevato-punctata opaca præ- 
sertim in nervis primariis et margine pilis appressis fuscis 
barbato-hirtula, haud admodum inæquilatera, in acumen an- 
gustum longum acutum terminata, basi parum vel modice 
inæquali acuta, 14- 163 cent. longa, 63-74 in medio lata, fere 
ad $ alt. costis subtus prominulis et per totum decursum 
distincti pertensis, quorum es 3-4 pen basi 


460 ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 


proxime vel ex ea ortæ, reliquæ remotiores alterne, 1 vel 2 
superioris ad apicem ductæ, anastomoses serius tantum pro- 
minule. Stipula oppositifolia oblongo-lanceolata acuminata 
striata ciliata ceterum glabriuscula 22 cent. longa.  Pedun- 
culi juniores sparse pilosi cito glabrati 1-11 cent. longi. 

Amenta 7-10 cent. longa erecta cylindrica acuta recta, bac- 

cifera pennam corvinam tenuiorem crassa. Bracteæ conchæ- 

formi-peltatæ, vertice triangulares vel semilunares fuscæ mar- 
gine extenuato brevi-ciliolate. 

48. A. Barclayana; ramulis petiolis pedunculis dense hir- 
tello-pubescentibus, foliis membranaceis sparse pellucido- 
punctatis utrinque in nervis venulisque sparse appresse 
hirtellis, supra sensim glabratis subscabriusculis, subtus 
pallidis demum sublacunoso-scabriusculis, oblique sublan- 
ceolato- vel rhombeo-oblongis attenuato-acuminatis, acu- 

. mine obtuso mucronato vel mutico, versus basin attenuatis, 
basi obtusa valde inæqualibus, costis utrinque ad 1 alt. 5-6 
adscendentibus summa per anastomoses ad apicis marginem 
ducta, amentis (nascentibus) brevi-pedunculatis brevibus 
dense hirtis. 

Han. in parte occid. Nove Granade, (Barclay.) 

Ramuli flexuosi trigoni pubescentes, sensim glabriores et 
scabrescentes, internodiis 2-5 cent. longis. Petioli 5-8 mm. 
longi. Folia rigidiuscule membranacea supra saturate viridia 
subopaca juniora in nervis densius et inter ea sparse pilosula 
sensim glabrata et verruculis parvis asperula, subtus cirera- 
scenti-pallida, praesertim in nervis primariis appresse hirtella, 
sub lente fusco-punctata, plus minus inæquilatera sed semper 
obliqua, plus minus oblonga, sed ita ut latitudo maxima 
supra $ alt. pertingat, basi valde inæqualia, latere exteriore 
3-1 cent. longiore rotundato, altero attenuato-truncato an- 
gustiore, apice attenuato-acuminata, acumine ipso obtuso 
nervo excurrente plus minus mucronulato, 15-21 cent. longa, 
53-7 lata; coste 6 in latere majore, 5 in minore, anastomoses - 
tenues vix prominule, demum versus margines scrobiculate- 
Stipulæ petiolares ellipticæ ciliate breves vix petiolo adnatæ. 


ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 461 


Stipula oppositifolia lanceolato-oblonga convoluta coriacea 
glabrata, marginibus subciliata, 8 mm. longa. Amenta 1-1} 
cent. longa valde juvenilia. 

49. A. Peruviana? p. 481. In Peruviæ nemoribus ad Pangoa, 
(Mathews, n. 1145.) : 

50. A. glabrescens; ramulis punctulato-asperulis, foliis co- 
riaceo-membranaceis pellucido-punctatis supra glabris levi- 
usculis, subtus pallidis punctatis, nascentibus in nervis 
pilis teneris fugacibus hic illic inspersis, lato-ellipticis sub- 
æquilateris, subabrupte longiuscule et acute acuminatis, 
basi leviter inæquali vel æquali obtusis, costis majoribus 
utrinque ad 2 alt. 3-5, aliisque his intermediis ct summis 
magis patulis, 2 summis ad apicem ductis, pedunculo 
quam petiolus duplo breviore, amentis brevibus cylindricis 
crassis obtusis, bracteis conchæformibus vertice truncatis 
adultis glabris, baccis obpyramidatis, vertice rotundo con- 
cavis umbilicatis glabris punctulatis. 

Crescit in Guiana Anglica, (Parker.) 

Quodammodo cum A. diospyrifolia comparanda, sed 
foliorum forma et nervatione, nec non amentis brevioribus 
tuto distinguenda. 

Ramuli tetragono-angulati sulcati, nodi marginati. Petioli 
14-1 cent. longi tenues antice canaliculati. Folia 14-20 cent. 
longa, 72-93 lata, subæquilatera, marginibus revoluta, supra 
ad tactum vix levia, subtus leviora pallida demum versus 
margines subscrobiculata, costis pluribus pertensa, quarum 
plerumque 4-5 utrinque majores adscendentes, pluresque 
alie haud multum tenutores sed magis patule; anasto- 
moses tenues fere obsolete vix reticulate. Basis plerumque 
aliquantulum inæqualis. Pedunculi 5-10 mm. longi. Amenta 
3-31 cent. longa recta calamum scriptorium crassa obtusa. 
Bractearum vertex truncatus semilunaris glaber. 


Sectio HEgMrPODION, Mig. : 
51. A. staminea ; ramulis nascentibus petiolis nervisque sub- 
tus quam tenerrime puberulis cito glabris, -his coriaceo- 
membranaceis epunctatis utrinque nitidis lævissimis ellip- 


462 ANIMADVERSIONES 1N PIPERACEAS. 


tico-lanceolatis vel lanceolato-oblongis apice attenuato 

obtusiusculis, basi obtusa valde inæqualibus, venulis 

subpatulis utrinque circiter 8 tenuissimis, pedunculo pe- 
tiolum basi substipulaceo-marginatum mox cicatrisatum 
superante, amentis tenuibus folium circiter æquantibus, 
bracteis peltatis ciliato-villosulis subtriangularibus, stami- 
nibus longiuscule exsertis. 

Locum tenet inter A. Swartzianam et A. xestophyllam, cum 
nulla autem confundenda. 

Crescit in Jamaicæ montibus ad Manchester, Dec. 1843. 

(Purdie.) 

Rami vetustiores teretiusculi valde nodosi, cortice levi 
albicante parum ruguloso, raro  verruculoso, internodiis 
brevibus; ramuli tenuiter striati. Petioli 5-10 mm. longi, 
nodum marginantes, e stipulis petiolaribus cito delitescenti- 
bus mox cicatrisati, cicatrici usque ad basin lateris minoris 
folii continuata. Folia lateribus antice conniventibus antice 
complicata 8-11 cent. longa, 3-34 raro 4 lata utrinque nitida 
et levia subtus pallidiora, lanceolato-oblonga vel elliptico- 
lanceolata, subæquilatera, apice ipso obtuso, basi admodum 
inæqualia, latere exteriore 5-10 mm. longiore, rotundato; 
e nervo medio percurrente utrinque 6-8 vence patulæ utrinque 
in sicco prominule, versus margines bifide ramulose et 
anastomosantes exoriuntur. Stipula oppositifolia lanceolata 
glabra convoluta 13 cent. longa. Pubes nisi in petiolis et 
ramulis nascentibus vix ulla et fortiore lente tantum discer- 
nenda. Pedunculi 1-14 cent. longi. Amenta erecta vel 
patula 4-7 cent. longa, recta, obtusa vel acuta, 2 mm. 
crassa; flores annulatim dispositi. Bracteæ breviter pedi- 
cellatæ peltatæ, peltæ area centrali exigua nuda, cæterum | 
pilosulo-ciliata lutescente demum grisea. Filamenta lon- 
giuscula teretia sursum aliquid incrassata, antheris ovatis 
bilocularibus. . | 
52. A. cestophylla, p. 491.—Jamaica, (Purdie, n. 126.)— 

Folia utrinque 8-10-venoso-costulata, majora 20 cent. 

longa, 5-52 lata. Pedunculus 1, amenta 10 cent. longa —— 

longa patula teretia tenuia recta mucronata, flores suban- —— 


ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS, 463 


nulatim dispositi. Bracteæ pedicellato-peltatæ, pelta tran- 

sverse suboblongo-tetragona marginibus villosula. Ova- 

rium a lateribus compressum parallelopipedeum, stigmata 

4 lineari-lanceolata reflexa pubescentia.—Specimina suppe- 
tentia eximia grandiora ac Swartzianum quod olim descripsi, 

alioquin autem plane congrua. Accedit hee species ad A. 

Lessertianam e Sect. Macrostachydis. 

Varietas latifolia. Ibidem, n. 104. Folia fere obownto- 
oblonga breviora et latiora quam in specie, apice acuta, costis 
paullo crebrioribus, 15-18 cent. longa, 6-9 lata. Anne 
species ? 

53. A. geniculata, p. 493. Trinidad, (De Schach.) 

54. A. Luschnathiana, p. 494. St. Catharina, Brasiliæ, (Twee- 
eua Larangeiros, (Graham.) 

ar. glabrata, p. 495.—Ad Acaripe, Brasilie, (Gardner, 

n. eg 

55. A. Casapiensis; glabra, foliis crassiuscule membranaceis 
pellucido-punctatis, utrinque glandulis fuscis inspersis 
glabris preeter marginem juniorum versus apicem tenerrime 
ciliatum, oblongis vel obovato-oblongis apice brevi-acumi- 
nato acuto, basi inæquali rotundatis utrinque pluricostu- 

latis, amentis pedunculatis . . . . 

Crescit in Casapi, Peruviæ, (Mathews, n. 1712.) 

Species prope precedentem apte quidem collocanda, sed 
tamen ad Sect. Machrostachydis etiam spectans, ob genitalia 
nondum cognita dubie affinitatis. Rami teretiusculi striatuli 
minute verruculosi. Petioli antice profunde canaliculati 2 
cent. longi. Folium 28 cent. longum, 114 latum, subæqui- 
laterale, basi rotundata autem ineequale, latere exteriore 1 
cent. longiore, apice brevi-acuminato, acumine lato acutiusculo. 
E nervo medio per totam longitudinem utrinque 13-14 cos- 
tule venosæ distantiores versus margines adscendentes exori- 
untur, parum anastomosantes, suprema fere ad apicem ten- 
dens. Stipula oppositifolia lineari-convoluta acuminata fere 
2 cent. longa. Amentum valde juvenile. 

Aliud specimen sub eadem numero adest, prope Sialiags 
lectum, sterile, foliis obovato-oblongis apice brevi-attenuato 


464 ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 


obtusiusculis basi subæquali cuneato-angustatis, costis 16-18 
utrinque quod etsi compages foliorum eadem ac in specie, huc 
referre non audeo. 

56. A. nitida, p. 495. In Surinam, (Hostmann, n. 709.) 
Demerara, (Parker.) 

57. A. tuberculata, p. 497. Columbia, (Hartweg, n. 1399.) 
Trinidad, (De Schach,) St. Vincent, (Gwilding, Jamaica, 
(Purdie.) 

Varietas amentis brevius pedunculatis, pedunculo petiolum 
zequante. Caracas, (Linden, n. 227.) 

58. A. Demerarana; ramulis pedunculis petiolis foliisque 
subtus in nervis dense hirtellis, his brevi-petiolatis mem- 
branaceis crebro pellucido-punctatis supra glabris lanceo- 
lato-oblongis æquilateris breviter attenuato-acuminatis, 
basi plus minus inæquali haud profunde conniventi-cor- 
datis, costulis utrinque 8-10 patulo-adscendentibus, summa 
per anastomosium arcum ad apicem continuata, pedunculo 
petiolum æquante, amentis patulis brevibus cylindricis, 
bracteis concheformibus vertice truncata-hippocrepiformi 
minute ciliolato glabrato, baccis obpyramidatis vertice con- 
cavo-truncatis puberulis. 

_ Has. Demerara, (Parker, Surinam, (Hostmann, n. 312). 
Haud longe distat ab A. Luschnathiana. 

Rami obtuse tri-tetragoni, subretrorse puberuli. Petioli 
basi amplexicaules 8 mm. longi, antice canaliculati fuligineo- 
pubescentes. Folia 21 cent. longa, 54-7} lata, supra saturate 
viridia nitidula glabra, subtus paullo pallidiora in costulis et 
venulis appresse hirtello-pubescentia, marginibus leviter reyo- _ 
luta, costulis per totam fere longitudinem alternis et oppo- 
sitis patulo-adscendentibus, summa cum venulis supremis 
magis patulis in arcum confluente ad apicem continuata ; 
acumen breve rectum latiusculum acutiusculum ; lobuli baseos - 
rotundati parvi. Stipula oppositifolia petiolum superans lan- 
ceolata carinato-convoluta hirtella. Pedunculi 5-6 mm. longi 
hirtelli. Amenta 4-43 cent. longa calamum scriptorium fere — 
crassa. Stigmata plerumque 4 brevia patula teretiuscula - 
puberula. : P) 


ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 465 


In sp. Hostmanniana folia basi magis ineequalia 20-22 
cent. longa, 73-8 lata; amenta florentia 24 cent. longa. 

59. A. Berbicensis, p. 500. Essequibo, (Schomb. n. 53.) 

60. A. Hostmanniana ; ramulis junioribus petiolisque dense 
foliis subtus in nervis sparse appresse hirtellis, his coriaceo- 
membranaceis sparse pellucido-punctatis, supra saturate 
viridibus nitidis glabris, subtus fuscescenti-nitidulis pube- 
rulis subpunctatis, elliptico- vel ovato-oblongis subobliquis 
acute acuminatis, basi leviter inæquali-rotundatis, costis 
per totam longitudinem utrinque pluribus patulo-adscen- 
dentibus venosis, pedunculis petiolum vix superantibus, 
amentis patulis folio paullo brevioribus, bracteis pedicellato- 

_ peltatis, pelta triangulari marginibus extenuata lacero-fim- 

briata, area centrali nuda transverse oblonga, ovario a 
lateribus compresso. 

Has. Surinam, (Hostmann, n. 116.) 

Affinis A. Berbicensi, foliorum forma et nervatione et præ- 
sertim bractearum forma distincta. 

Ramuli angulati appresse, hirtelli. Petioli 1 cent. circiter 
longi appresse interdum subretrorse pubescentes, pubescentia 
usque ad basin lateris minoris folii continuata. Folia 17-24 
cent. longa, 6-84 lata, ovato- vel sublanceolato-oblonga, alia 
fere æquilatera, alia perspicue inæquilatera, marginibus sub- 
repanda, apicis acumine modico mucronato-acutato, basi ro- 
tundata semper inæquali, latere exteriore 4 cent. prope modum 
longiore, subtus nitidula fuscescentia imo subaurata, tactu - 
mollia, sed ad lentem in nervo costis venisque pilis griseis - 
appressis instructa; e nervo medio utrinque per totam 
longitudinem 6-10 costule venosæ majores subpatulæ 
` tenues et alie his intermediæ breviores et tenuiores, 
omnes parum prominule parceque anastomosantes ; arcus e 
summis anastomosibus ortus ad apicem ductus. Stipula op- 
positifolia lanceolato-carinata dorso hirta 1 cent. longa. Pe- 
dunculi 1-14 cent. longi, juniores parce pilosuli, adulti gla- - 
brati. Ashenii 11-12 cent. longa patula, sub anthesi pennam 
passerinam crassa, baccifera crassiora. Flores spiraliter dis- 
positi. Bracteæ A  : marginibus late exte- 

| VOL. IV. is E MM 


466 ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 


nuatis griseo-luteolo villosule, area centrali nuda exigua. 
Ovarium a lateribus compressum; stigmata teretiuscula. 
Anthere ovate. Baccæ obpyramidatæ tri-tetragone, vertice 
truncato bracteas superantes. 

Forma? foliis ovato-oblongis latioribus 22 cent. longis, 9 
latis, nervis primariis paucioribus, quorum summus per 
anastomoses ad apicem ducitur, ideoque ab ipsa specie satis 
distincta, nec tamen ob reliquarum partium perfectam con- 
gruentiam disjungenda. Guiana Anglica, (Parker.) 

61. A. persicariæfolia, p. 499 ; var. foliis brevius petiolatis 
et bracteis densius hirto-ciliatis. 
Has. Nova Columbia, (Cuming, 1290.) : 

Habitu magis quam characteribus a specie differt. Petioli 
dense hirtelli 2-4 mm. longi. Folia 11-12 cent. longa, 9-4 
lata, crassius membranacea, supra subnitida glandulis promi- 
nulis demumque verruculis fere scabriuscula, subtus paullo 
pallidiora, in nervo sparse pilosa, haud scrobiculata. Pedun- 
culi petiolis crassiores 8-10 mm. longi, amenta patula eque 
ac folia unilateralia, 5-6 cent. longa, matura 3-4 mm. crassa - 
Bracteæ hirto-ciliatæ, area nuda exigua. di 
62. A. Lehmanniana ; ramis ramulisque verrucoso-punctatis, 

petiolis pedunculisque junioribus sparse pilosis, foliis 

subtus in nervis appresse hirtellis supra glabris, crebro 

pellucido-punctatis brevi-petiolatis lanceolato-oblongis a 

æquilateris vel inæquilateris longe attenuato-acuminatis 

acumine acuto, basi leviter inæquali-rotundatis vel acutis 

infra $ vel 3 alt. 5-6-costulatis, pedunculo petiolum parum 

superante, amentis tenuibus patulis folio parum bre- 

vioribus, bracteis inflexo-peltatis glabris marginibus tê- - 
 nerrime ciliolatis. 

resc. in Casapi Peruviæ, (Mathews, n. 1694.) 


Ex affinitate A. persicariefolie. Ramuli recti vel leviter — 


flexuosi, internodiis 9.3 cent. longis apice infra nodum —— 


dilatatis, nodis margine albicante cinctis.  Petioli adulti — 
glabri tenues antice canaliculati 2-4 mm. longi. Folia. plus 
minus inæquilatera vel omnino æquilatera longe acuminata, 
basi leviter inaequalia, latere exteriore 2 mm. longiore, 10-1? 


ANIMADVERSIONES IN PiPERACEAS, 467 


cent. longa, 3-34 lata, supra atroviridia subobscura glabra 
preter nascentiam imam basin, subtus pallida subpunctata 
in nervis appresse hirtella, nervis tenuibus adscendentibus 
2 sup. ad apicem ductis, anastomosibus parcis fere obsoletis. 
Stipula oppositifolia membranacea scariosa nervosa lanceolata, 
marginibus et nervo medio crassiusculo postice ciliolatis gla- 
bratis 11-2 cent. longa decidua. Pedunculi juniores 4-5 mm. 
longi, amenta 7-8 cent. longa, pennam passerinam crassa 
recta apice leviter obliqua acutiuscula. Flores annulatim 
dispositi. 


Sectio IsoPHYLLON, Mig. 


63. A. heterophylle, p. 502, forma angustifolia ? Specimen 
sterile, foliis 18-22 cent. longis, 41-6 latis, iis A. colubrine 
forma fere similibus. In Peruvia, (Mathews, n. 1711.) 

64. A. polyneura, p. 504. In Peruvie nemoribus ad Pangoa, 
(Mathews, n. 1144.) Amenta folio 3 vel 4 breviora. Folia 
aliquid latiora quam in specimine Pasppitimo. 

65. A. Parkeriana ; ramulis uno latere duplici serie hirtellis 
dein glabratis, foliis crassiuscule membranacis pellucido- 
punctatis, supra glabris subopacis, subtus in nervis petio- 
loque postice hirtellis lanceolato-oblongis æquilateris acu- 
minatis, basi æquali vel subæquali acutis patulo-multi- 
costatis, pedunculo petiolum bis quaterve superante hir- 
tello, amentis brevibus cylindricis obtusis, bracteis con- 
chæformibus, vertice truncato subpuberulis glabrescenti- 
bus, baccis obovato-polygonis, vertice truncato concavis, 
stigmatibus 3 brevibus. 

Has. Demerara, (Parker.) 

Ex affinitate A. rhododendrifolie, anonefolie, et eucalypti- 
Jolie. Rami dichotomi nodosi teretes stricti glabri, nodi 
marginati, internodia 4 cent. longa, uno latere plerumque 
planiuscula; ramuli duplici serie pilorum patulorum instructi. | 
Petioli antice canaliculati 2-5 mm. longi, postice hirtelli 
glabrescentes. Folia 13-16 cent. longa, 4-6 lata, plerumque 
omnino æquilatera et basi acuta, quædam basi leviter inæ- 
quali magis obtusiuscula, apicis acumine recto obtusiusculo 
: MM? 


468 ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 


vel acuto; e nervo medio subtus prominente et percurrente 
utrinque costule venosæ 12-16 subpatule (preter 2 infimas 
magis adscendentes,) omnes presertim versus margines anas- 
tomosantes reticulate subtus prominule. Stipula oppositi- 
folia decidua lanceolata carinata recta glabriuscula, dorso 
inferne hirtella, 1} cent. longa. Pedunculi 1-2 cent. longi; 
amenta baccifera 2-3 cent. longa subpatula recta obtusa. 

66. A. rhododendrifolia, p. 506. Demerara, (Parker.) 

67. A. obovata, p. 508. Casapi Peruviæ, (Mathews, n. 1692.) 

68. A. equalis, p. 511. St. Domingo, (Imray, n. 329.) 

69. A. adenophora, p. 514. Cayenne, (Martin.) 

70. A. modesta ? p. 517; differt nervis subtus sparse hir- 
tellis, in. sp. Guianensi olim descripto glabris, quod veri- 
similiter ex ætatis differentiis explicandum. 

Has. Nova Granada, (Linden, n. 921.) 

71. A. lentaginoides, p. 520.—Columbia, (Hartweg, n. 1400.) 
Vix differt a sp. Brasiliensi nisi foliis paullo crassioribus, 
supra sulcatis ; bracteæ nascentes subciliolate.—Stirps sub 

.. A. 1398 a cl. Hartweg, lecta vix differre videtur.— Proxima 
etiam et vix diversa species est a cl. Mathews in Pangoa, 
Peruviæ lecta, (n. 1147.) 

72. A. cuspidata ; glabra, foliis membranaceis subtus pallidis 
glandulosis et pellucido-punctatis ovato- vel lanceolato- 
ellipticis longe anguste et acutissime acuminatis, basi 
æquali acutis, costis utrinque infra 4 vel 2 alt. 3-4, fere 
septupli- vel noveno-nerviis, pedunculo petiolum paullo 

 Superante, amentis cylindricis acutis vel subrostellatis 


leviter curvatis folio subbrevioribus, bracteis parvis peltatis 


convexis marginibus extenuatis ciliolatis, 
Has. Peruvia, (Mathews, n. 1713.) 


Affinis precedenti et A. laurifolie, foliorum forma et 
bracteis ad Sect. Ottonoides vergens. Ramuli teretiusculi | 
glabri striati, internodiis 3-6 cent, longis; nodi tumiduli — | 
marginati. Petioli 1-11 cent. longi antice canaliculati juniores f 


basi stipularum rudimentis instructi. Folia supra saturate 


viridia opaca glabra sub lente punctis subverrucæformibus 


mstructa, membranacea pellucido-punctata, subtus pallida et 


ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 469 


glandulis fuscis punctulata, nervis tenuibus e nervo medio 

percurrente infra 4 vel 2 alt. utrinque 3, raro 4 fere alternis, 

quorum tres superiores fere ad apicem ducti, reliqui bre- 
vissimi, anastomosibus parcis tenuibus, æquilatera, acumine 
lineari acutissimo uninervio, 11-13 cent. longa, 31-5 lata. 

Stipula oppositifolia lineari-lanceolata 1 cent. fere longa. 

Pedunculi 1-14 cent. longi. Amenta 6-8 cent. longa, pen- 

nam corvinam crassa leviter curvata, floribus annulatim dis- 

positis. Stamina 3? 

73. A.? Warakabacoura, glabra, folis membranaceo-co- 
riaceis obsolete pellucido-punctatis breviter petiolatis æqui- 
lateris lanceolato-ellipticis brevi-acuminatis vel acutis, ima 
basi acuta in petiolum attenuata utrinque venoso-costu- 
lata, venulis patulis cireiter 7, subtus reticulatis, amentis 
pedunculatis, bracteis conchæformibus. 

Guiana Anglica, (Parker. Incolis Warakabacoura, partem 
sistens famosi veneni Ourali. 

Foliorum forma O/foniis haud absimilis et bracteis in sup- 
pententi sp. autem nimis juvenilis, ejus generis characteribus 
vix repugnant, Cum autem genitalium indoles prorsus lateat, 
provisorie huc retuli. 

Rami subteretes vel uno latere compressi, striati, leves, 
cinerascentes, rigidi, nodis tuberculato-incrassatis, ramulis 
compressis, internodiis 2-8 cent. Petioli 2-3 mm. longi 
antice canaliculati. Folia 18-22 cent. longa, 7 fere 8 lata, 
æquilatera apice in acumen breve acutiusculum desinentia vel 
tantum acuta, basi latiora, ima subito acute in petiolum con- 
tracta, supra nervo medio sulcata, subtus costulis 7-8 utrin- 
que per totam longitudinem dispositis instructa, quae versus 
margines in arcum confluunt et anastomosibus crebris reticu- 
latis prominentibus junguntur. Amenta oppositifolia pedun- 
culata cylindrica valde juvenilia; bracteæ nascentes conche- 
formes glabriusculæ ? 


Sectio SALIUNCÆ, Miq. 


74. A. Leprieurii, p. 525. Surinam, (Hostmann, n. 1275) —— 


470 ANIMADVERSIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 


Orronta, Spreng. 


1. O. Anisum, p. 536, var. pedicellis glabris. p. 538. 

Has. in sylvis montium Organensium, Martio 1841, (Gard- 
ner, n. 5862.) 

2. O. Hookeriana; ramulis petiolis foliisque subtus in nervo 
medio hirtellis, his subæquilateris elliptico-lanceolatis 
anguste acuteque acuminatis, basi æquali vel leviter incequali 
cuneatis interdum subemarginatis, membranaceis, parce 
pellucido-punetulatis, supra glabris vel nascentibus pilis 
tenerrimis inspersis, pedunculis petiolum æquantibus rha- 
chique tenere hirtellis, pedicellis glabriusculis baccas supe- 
rantibus, stigmatibus exiguis sessilibus. 

Has. in sylvis Prov. Minas Geraes, Brasiliæ. Oct. 1840. 
Frutex tripedalis, (Gardner, n. 5186.) 

Rami teretes striati glabri, nodis tuberculatis incrassatis, 
ramuli juniores presertim uno latere tenuiter hirtelli cito 
 glabrati. Petioli antice canaliculati dense hirtelli 3-5 mm. 
longi. Folia aut omnino æquilatera aut parumper inæqui- 
latera, basi æqualia vel vix aliquid inæqualia, 15-16 cent. 
longa, 4-44 lata, supra opaca, subtus pallida e nervo medio 
prominente versus basin presertim hirtello venulis subpatulis 
utrinque circiter 6-8 reticulatis prope marginem confluen- 
tibus pertensa. Stipula oppositifolia lineari-lanceolata cari- 
nata hirtella. Amenta florentia 31-41 cent. longa erecta, 
pedunculo rhachique carnosa angulata tenere hirtellis ; pedi- 
celli carnosi glabri vel sublente vix puberuli 1-2 mm. longi. 
Bractez e basi stipitata contracta conchæformi galeatæ tenere 
puberulæ, pedicello breviores. Antheræ 4 subsessiles ovate 
biloculares, loculis dissepimento proprio instructis. Ovarium 
ovatum obtuse tetragonum, stigmatibus pro genere parvis. - 
3. O. leta, p. 544. Brasiliæ, (Sello.) 

4. O. Carpunya, p. 547. Forma grandifolia, folis 13-2 
cent. longis, 6-83 latis, amentis crassioribus.—Peruvia in 

Prov. Chachapoyas, (Mathews, n. 3222 et 3226.) 


DESCRIPTION DE DEUX EUPHORBIACEES. 471 


Description de deux genres nouveaux de la famille des 
EuPHORBIACÉES ; par J. E. PLANCHON, docteur-ès- 
sciences, 


- 


(Tass. XV. XVI. A.) 


STACHYSTEMON, (Tas. XV.) 


Cuar. Gen. Flores monoici. 

Masc. Calyz 5-6 partitus laciniis coloratis subulatis, rigidulis, 
subæqualibus, uniseriatis. Corolla 0. Columna antherifera 
per antherim elongata, sanguinea. Anthere plurimæ mi- 
nutæ secus columnam inordinatim dispositæ, pulvinulo 
glanduliformi insidentes sessiles, uniloculares, transversim 
bivalves. Fam. Calycis glumacei foliola 6 imbricata, 
ovato-lanceolata, carinata, margine scarioso denticulata, 
hinc dente excisa. Ovarium oblongum, glaberrimum, pe- 
rianthié arcto inclusum, 2-rarius 3-loculare loculis biovu- 
latis. Styli numero loculorum, subulati, exserti, apice 
revoluti acie interna stigmatosi. Ovula sub processu lato 
loculi feré dimidium superiorem occupante collateraliter 
appensa, anatropa, subglobosa. Fructus....? 


Suffruticulus Nove Hollandie, humilis glaberrimus, habitu 
Micrantheæ ; foliis alternis, rigidis, confertis, lineari- 
bus, acutis ; stipulis minutis subulatis petiolo brevi utrin- 
que adnatis; floribus in apice ramorum circum gemmam 
innovantem congestis, axillaribus, masculis columna stami- 
nifera, vermiformi, sanguinea conspicuis, Semineis paucis. 
inter fasciculum masculorum sepius occultis. i 

Stachystemon vermiculare. 

Has. Prope Flumen Cygnorum, legit Drummond. 

Ce genre, bien différent de celui qui suit, est trés-voisin, au 
contraire, du Pseudanthus de Sieber. On observe dans les. 
deux le méme habitusroide, les mêmes feuilles à stipules 
soudées avec le pétiole, et surtout, la méme structure de 
calice, qui par une singularité, dont les Fei four- 


472 DESCRIPTION DE DEUX EUPHORBIACEES, 


nissent beaucoup d'exemples, se trouve trés-différent dans 
les fleurs des deux sexes. Le Stachystemon parait encore 
s'accorder avec le Pseudanthus par la position de ses ovules 
geminés, et par le processus charnu du placenta contre lequel 
leur micropyle vient s'appliquer. La différence la plus frap- 
pante entre les deux genres, consiste dans les étamines très- 
nombreuses dans le premier, et réduites à 5 ou 6 dans le 
second. 

Planche XV. Stachystemon vermiculare: Fig. 1. Une 
feuille avec ses stipules adnées au pétiole; f. 2. une fleur mále; 
f. 3. anthère, vue en profil; f. 4. la méme en face; f. 5. fleur 
femelle; f. 6. coupe de Povaire dont on a retranché les 
styles: il y a deux ovules collatéraux dans chaque loge. Tous 
détails sont plus ou moins grossis. 


Bertya. (Tas. XVI. A.) 


Cuar. Gen. Flores monoici, singuli intra involucrum calyci- 
forme e bracteis 5-6 adpressis formatum  subsessiles. 
Calyz coloratus, scarioso-membranaceus, quinquepartitus 
laciniis obtusis æstivatione imbricatis. Corolla 0. Masc. 
Stamina indefinita: filamenta, in columnam  exsertam, 

. dense antheriferam, coadunata; anthere breviter pedicel- 
late, oblongæ, erecto-patentes, bilarulares extrorsum longi- 
tudinaliter dehiscentes. Fam. Ovarium oblongum, trilo- 
culare, loculis uniovulatis. Styli 3 liberi vel ima basi 
cohærentes, profunde tripartiti, laciniis linea antica stigma- 
tosis. Capsula oblonga inermis, calyce acereto inclusa, 
loculo unico fertili monospermo, lato bivalvi, ceterisque - 
vacuis, angustis, ab axi seminifero secedentibus. Semen 

. oblongum, testa crustacea, nitida, fusca ; caruncula (arillodio 

. seu margine micropylis incrassato) alba, lunata, umbilico 

contigua. Cætera desiderantur. 

= Suffrutices Nove Hollandie, virgatim ramosissimi, plus mins. > 
inoso-viscosi ; folis alternis, exstipulatis, confertis, erecto- - 

patentibus, sepius linearibus, integerrimis, margine revolutis; a 

oei in axillis mcum sg: nora: masculis, 


DESCRIPTION DE DEUX EUPHORBIACÉES. 413 


1. Bertya oleefolia; folis Olee albe supra pilis stellatis, 
brevibus, sparsis, scabridis, subtus dense incanis ; floribus 
sessilibus squamis involucri liberis anguste ovatis, ad- 
pressis. 

Has. In petrosis sterilibus vallis Wellington, legit All. Cun- 
ningham. 

2. Bertya gummifera; foliis lincadibun, margine valde revo- 
lutis, supra papillis minutis scabratis, subtus lana cinera- 
scente indutis; floribus sessilibus, stylis basi coalitis. Cro- 
ton gummiferum, All. Cunningh. in herb. Hooker. 

Crescit cum precedente. 

3. Bertya rosmarinifolia ; folis linearibus, brevibus, supra 
glabris, subtus adpresse incanis ; floribus pro genere parvis, 
breviter pedicellatis, stylis 3 distinctis, profunde tripar- 
titis. Croton rosmarinifolium, All. Cunningh. in herb. 
Hooker. 

Has. Juxta amnem, Cox, et in rietitibus ceeruleis, leg. Al. 
Cunningham. (In horto Kew ent culta.) 

4. Bertya Cunninghamii; glaberrima; folia et flores fate 
praecedentis, foliis plane seniors et ramulis lineis elevatis 
resinosis e basi foliorum decurrentibus angulatis. 

Has. In interiore Nove Hollandie orientalis extratropicæ 
abundat. (All. Cunningham in herb. Hooker.) 

5. Bertya pinifolia ; glaberrima ; foliis linearibus, longis, mu- 
cronatis, scabridis; floribus sessilibus, bracteis involucri 
linearibus cum calyce dense resinoso conglutinatis. 

Has. Juxta amnem Brisbane, legit Fraser. 

Je dédie ce genre à M. le Comte Léonce de Lambertye, 
qui partage heureusement ses loisirs entre la culture des 
fleurs brillantes des jardins, et l'étude de ces fleurs mo- 
destes qui ne revèlent leurs charmes qu'à Peeil qui sait 
les découvrir et les admirer. L'existence d'un genre Lam- 
bertia expliquera d'une maniére satisfaisante l'altération 


que jai du faire subir au nom de M. de Lambertye m 2 


l'appliquant au genre ici décrit. x 
Ce genre doit prendre place à cóté du Beyera, Miqu. | 
ou Calyptrostigma, Klotsch, fondés pee en méme 


474 AFFINITÉS DU GENRE HENSLOWIA. 


temps sur le Croton viscosum de Labillardiére, ét les espéces 
congénéres. C'est là que l'appellent en effet son port, la 
propriété d'exsuder une matière résineuse et les caractères 
plus positifs de sa structure florale. Un examen superficiel 
risque de faire prendre chez le Beríya, Pinvolucre uniflore 
pour un calice et le vrai calice pour une corolle, ce qui con- 
duirait naturellement à rapprocher ce genre du Ricinocarpus 
de Desfontaines. Pour prévenir cette erreur, je dois dire 
que dans plusieurs de ces faux calices, j'ai trouvé deux fleurs 
développées, Pune mâle supérieure, et l'autre femelle plus 
courte, naissant presque du méme point que la première et 
munie comme elle de son calyce scarieux et coloré. 

Tab. XVI. A. Fig. 1. Fleur mâle du Bertya oleæfolia 
grossie ; f. 2. fragment d'un rameau du Bertya rosmarinifolia 
chargé de fleurs femelles, de grandeur naturelle; f. 3. une de 
ces fleurs isolée et grossie; f. 4. son ovaire depouillé des 
enveloppes florales; 5. le méme coupé; 6. loge fertile et 
bivalve du Bertya gummifera, renfermant une graine. 


Sur les affinités des Genres HexsLowiA, Wall. (Crypteronia ? 
Blume. Quilamum? Blanco.) RarEiaHiA, Gardn. et 
ALZATEA, Ruiz et Pav. Par J. E. PLANCHON, docteur- 
és-sciences. 

(Tass. XVI. B. C. D.) 


L'idée de faire de PHenslowia le type d'une famille n'a 
` nullement servi jusqu'ici à éclaircir ses vraies affinités. Mr. 
Lindley le rapproche avec doute des Antidesmées, c'est-à- 
dire d'un groupe mal placé lui-méme, et qui forme le centre 
obscur autour duquel s'accumulent les genres embarrassants 
et peu connus. Griffith remarque avec raison la ressem- 
blance de l'Henslowia et des Combretacées, tandis que Mr. 
Bentham me communiquait dernigrement quelques soupcons 
sur ses rapports avec les Cunoniacées. Je me permets de 
reproduire ici cette idée, quoique exprimée oralement et sans 


- 


AFFINITES DU GENRE HENSLOWIA. 475 


un examen immédiat de son objet, parce qu’elle s’approche 
beaucoup de celle que j'en avais moi-même à cette époque, et 
qui fait le sujet de cette note. Comme introduction indis- 
pensable aux conclusions qui vont suivre, je dois rappeler les 
caractères de ce genre, en les complétant par la description 


du fruit. 


'"HEwsLowia, Wail. 


Flores dioici vel rarius polygami? Calyx urceolatus 5-fidus, 
laciniise stivatione valvatis. Petala 0. Masc. Stamina 
5 fere calycis laciniis interjecta, margini disci pubescentis 
ejusdem fundum vestiente inserta. Filamenta æstivatione 
induplicato-infiexa. Anthere loculi connectivum crassum 
oblique marginantes. Pistilli rudimentum minutum.— 
Famin. Stamina sepius abortiva brevia, in Henslowie 
Cumingii elongata, forsan fertilia. Ovarium ovatum, bi- 
loculare, in stylum brevem attenuatum. Ovula plurima 
placente prominule septo medio adnate inserta, adscen- 
dentia, anatropa. Capsula basi calice cincta, ovato-acuminata, 
loculicide bivalvis, valvis medio septiferis, ima basi et summo 
apice styli persistentis connexis, latere utroque hiantibus, 
in pedicello reflexo persistentibus. Semina plurima septo 
a basi infra medium, mediante placenta prominente, utrin- 
que inserta, ascendentia. Funiculus crassus, brevis; testa 
versus chalazam in appendicem cellulosam relaxata. Em- 
bryo exalbuminosus, radicula umbilico proxima. 

Arbores Indie Orientalis presertim insularis, ramulis tetra- 
gonis ; foliis oppositis, breviter petiolatis, integerrimis ; flori- 
bus minutis, viridescentibus, secus ramos elongatos panicule 
brachiate, plus minus confertis. 

Si des caractères qui précèdent on isole les plus essentiels, 
les feuilles opposées sans stipules, le calice à estivation val- 
vaire, l'insertion perigynique des étamineset l’inflexion de 
leurs filets qui sont pliés en deux dans le bouton, et surtout - 
les caractéres de la capsule et des graines, on pourra soup- 
conner déjà que c'est parmi les Lythrariées qu'il faut chercher 
des genres analogues à l'Hensiowia. Cette recherche. nous 


476 AFFINITÉS DU GENRE HENSLOWIA. 


conduit d'abord à ceux des genres de cette famille chez les- 
quels la regularité des fleurs est lióe avec l'absence de denti- 
cules accessoires du calice. Tels sont le Lawsonia, le Crenea 
d'Aublet, (auquel il faut réunir comme synonyme le Dodecas 
de Linné fils,) ? Adenaria de Kunth, et P Abatia de Ruiz et Pa- 
von. (vid. Tab. XVI. D.) Ce dernier genre surtout coincide 
avec P Henslowia par l'absence de pétales et, à quelques modi- 
fications prés, parla structure de la capsule et des graines. 
C'est aussi prés de lui que P Henslowia me paraît devoir prendre 
place. La différence qui pourrait frapper le plus entr'eux, 
c’est que dans le premier, les étamines nombreuses s’insèrent 
dans le tube méme du calice bien au-dessous de son bord, 
tandis que chez le second, elle sont au nombre de cinq, et 
presque inserées entre les dents calycinales. Mais, l'on sait 
que ces deux modes d'insertion staminales se trouvent sé- 
parés ou réunis chez les divers genres de Lythraires et 
notamment chez le Lagerstremia. Sur la nature de cette 
double production d'étamines dans la méme fleur, on pourra 
consulter avec intérét les considérations sur les organes 
floraux du Professeur Dunal, dont je suis fier d'étre l'éléve 
et l'ami, 

Un autre genre qui se lie étroitement à P Abatia, est le 
Raleighia récemment décrit par Mr. Gardner. L'idée qu’à 
eu cet intelligent voyageur de rapporter son genre aux 
Bixinées, est à quelques égards justifiée par l'existence de pla- 
centas pariétaux, et parce que l’Abatia lui-même offre quel- 
ques ressemblances avec les fleurs du Pineda, qui appartient 
à cette dernière famille. Cependant l'examen direct du Ra- 
leighia ne me laisse aucun doute sur la place que je lui assigne 
_et peut-être méme est-il trop voisin de l’Abatia pour en être 
génériquement distingué. Mr. Bentham, trompé par l'idée 
que le Raleighia était voisin des Weinmannia, a cru y observer 
de trés petites stipules. Une observation trés attentive 


m'a pourtant confirmé sur leur absence, Passertion de Mr. cg 


^" Gardner. — 


Une troisiéme plante, dont je ne puis ——Ü : : 


juger, que par une figure de la F/ore Rhone: paraît devoir 


AFFINITÉS DU GENRE HENSLOWIA. 477 


être rapportée aussi à la famille de Lythrariées. C’est le 

genre Alzatea de Ruiz et Pavon. fl se trouve parmi les Ce- 

lastrinées douteuses, dans un ouvrage d'une immense utilité, 

: qui est un beau monument élevé aux travaux des Jussieu et 

des Brown, mais oü doivent nécessairement se retrouver les 

imperfections de la science. 

Sans sortir du champ des suppositions probables, je croi- 
rais pouvoir regarder le Crypteronia de Blume comme iden- 
tique avec l’Henslowia, et probablement aussi avec le Quila- 
mum de Blanco. Les raisons sur lesquelles se fonde cette idée 
peuvent étre jugées par ceux qui liront et compareront les 
descriptions de ces genres. En attendant, je n'ai pas cru 
devoir, sans un fondement plus solide, remplacer le nom d'un 
genre qui est parfaitement décrit et figuré dans un magnifique 
ouvrage, par un nom qui est perdu en quelque sorte à la 
suite des Rhamnées douteuses du Genera d'Endlicher. Ce 
| que je n'ose faire cependant, la loi d'antériorité obligera un 
autre de l'accomplir, si comme j'ai lieu de le croire, l'identité 
des genres se confirme. 

Il me reste enfin pour terminer cette note, à donner la 
diagnose des espèces d’Henslowia, que renferme PHerbier de 
Sir W. Hooker, et sur lesquelles j'ai fait mes observations. 
La distinction en est extrémement difficile, et les caractéres 
peu tranchés, ainsi qu'on pourra s'en apercevoir, par les 
phrases descriptives où j'ai tâché de mettre en relief les diffé- 
rences les plus marquées. 

1. Henslowia (Crypteronia ?) pubescens, (Tab. AVE .B.) Wall. 
pl. Asiat. rar. III. p. 14, tab. 321. 

H. ramis teretibus glabris, ramulis obtuse tetragonis foliisque 
subcoriaceis subtus dense lutescente pubescentibus, pani- 
cule brachiatæ magne ramis compressis floribusque pu- 
berulis. — 

Has. in montib. Insul. Penang. 

2. Henslowia (Crypteronia?) affinis, sp. nov. x 

H. precedenti simillima, differt foliis membranaceis, nervis. : 

. tenuibus, fructibus fere duplo mein minus gontentis, 


478 AFFINITÉS DU GENRE HENSLOWIA. 


pube pulverulenta rufescente nec ut in priore pallide lute- 

scente conspersis. Variat foliis subtus pubescentibus, vel 

glabris. 

Has. in Provinc. Mergui, (Griffith in herb. Hook.) 

3. Henslowia (Crypteronia?) glabra, Wall. 

H. ramis teretibus, ramulis levibus obtusissime tetragonis ; 
foliis glaberrimis longiuscule obtuseque acuminatis, nervis 
supra valde impressis; paniculis (saltem foemineis) bre- 
vibus, parum ramosis; floribus quam in precedente 
majoribus. 

Has. in Insul. Philippinens. (Cuming, exsic. n. 794.) 

4. Henslowia (Crypteronia?) leptostachys, sp. nov. 

H. glaberrima ; ramis teretibus, ramulis tenuibus obtuse tetra- 
gonis; panicule ramis gracilibus elongatis ; floribus mi- 
nutis interrupte subglomerato-sparsis. 

Has. in Insul. Philippin. (Cuming. exsic. n. 1464.) 

5. Henslowia (Crypteronia?) Cumingii, sp. nov. (Tab. 
XIV. C.) 

H. polygama ? ramulis crassis acute tetragonis ; foliis glaber- 
rimis, coriaceis, subtus reticulato-nervosis ; paniculis mag- 
nis ramosissimis; floribus pro genere majusculis; sta- 
minibus longis (an fertilibus ?) cum calice sub fructu per- 
sistentibus. (In aliis quidem stamina in flor. femineo ad- 
sunt sed brevia et plane imperfecta.) 

Has. in Insul. Philipp. (Cuming.) 

Tab. XVI. B. Figs. 1, 2. Une fleur mâle de l’Henslowia 
pubescens, Wall, grossie; f. 3, 4. une anthére vue en face et 
sur le dos.—C. f. 1. Une capsule de PHenslowia Cumingit ; 
f. 2. une de ses valves pour montrer la cloison et l'insertion 
des semences ; f. 3. une graine ; f. 4. son embryon.—D. f. 1. 
capsule de l Abatia parviflora ; f. 2. une de ses valves; f. 3. 
une graine; (tous ces détails sont grossis.) 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 479 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


Notes on the VEGETATION and general character of the 
Missouri: and OREGON TERRITORIES, made during a 
Botanical journey from the State of Missouri, across the 
south-pass of the Rockv Mountains, £o the Pacific, dur- 
ing the years 1843 and 1844; by CHARLES A. GEYER. 


(Itis with no small satisfaction we are able to announce to 
our scientific friends that Mr. Charles A. Geyer, who dis- 
tinguished himself by the Botanical collections he made 
with Mr. Nicollet in 1838 and 1839, between the Missouri 
and Mississippi Rivers, has recently arrived in England with 
a very valuable and beautifully preserved collection of Plants, 
gathered in the Upper Missouri, on the Rocky Mountains, 
and in the Oregon Territory, during the years 1843 and 1844. 
Mr. Geyer is thus honourably mentioned by Drs. Torrey and 
Gray in the 2nd volume of their admirable “ Flora of N. 
America,” p. 69 :—“ We are greatly indebted to the kindness 
of M. Nicollet for an extensive collection of dried specimens, 
made during his survey of the country between the Missouri 
and the sources of the Mississippi, under the orders of the 
Secretary of War. The collection was formed by Mr. C. 
A. Geyer, an assiduous German Botanist, who was attached 
to the Expedition.* The specimens are very complete, and 


* Mr. Geyer commenced his investigations in the Western territories 
of the United States so early as the year 1835, when, with only one — 
attendant, he started from New York, and penetrated the Missouri plains 
as far as Big Nemahaw, Lower Platte river; but owing to fever and ill- 
treatment by a party of Indians, he was obliged to return with very little 
success. It was in going back to St. Louis, on board the steamer of the 
American Fur Company, that he met M. Nicollet, who invited him to 
accompany his expedition to the sources of the Mississippi in 1836 and 


1837. This, however, at the time he declined; but joined that enter- — 


prising gentleman in surveying the Missouri, (as high up as the Little | 

Missouri), and almost the whole of that immense country (now Daco- 

taha and Iowa territory) between the Missouri and Mississippi. In 1840 
Mr. Geyer collected about St. Louis. In 1841 he made a tour with M. 


480 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


in the finest preservation; and the localities, with other 
particulars, have been carefully recorded by Mr. Geyer. 
They were chiefly gathered during the autumn, and latter: 
part of summer: the earlier, and perhaps most interesting 
collections were unfortunately lost’ A Catalogue of this 
Herbarium was published by our excellent friend Dr. Torrey, 
in the Appendix to M. Nicollet’s ** Report intended to illus- 
trate a Map of the Hydrographical basin of the Upper 
Mississippi River." 

This collection is peculiarly interesting, as illustrating the 
Botany of a region lying considerably to the south* of those 


Fremont up the Desmoines river, Lower Iowa territory, being chiefly, how- 
ever, occupied in surveying. In the botanical collection then formed, which 
suffered much by the filling of a canoe, he had several new plants, which are 
~ placed in the Herbarium of Dr. Engelman at St. Louis, and they cannot 
well be in better hands, for that gentleman has himself successfully explored 
the botanical riches of a great part of the state of Arkansas, and is fami- 
liar with the Flora of St. Louis. During the year 1842, Mr. Geyer 
"directed his attention to the Botany of the Upper Illinois country; where, 
especially about Sougamon river, he formed the Herbarium which was 
first offered for sale. In 1843, he commenced the intrepid journey, the 
botanic results of which are now about to be detailed. : 

* Other plants were collected by the officer, Lieut. J. C. Fremont, as 
detailed in that gentleman's “ Report on an Exploration of the country 
lying between the Missouri river and the Rocky Mountains, on the line 
of the Kanzas and Great Platte rivers." These are also described by 
Dr. Torrey in an Appendix published in 1843. Our attention has been 
directed to the Genus “ Fremontia” published in this Appendix, which, no 
doubt, from the limited circulation of the “ Report," has not attracted the 


attention it deserves ; and hence Botanists have been led to notice the plant | : 
under another name. It is the Sarcobatus Mawimiliani of Nees, described by — 
Dr. Seubert in the ‘ Botanische Zeitung," for Nov. 1, 1844; but was pre- — 


viously noticed under the same name, in a work as little likely to fall into 


‘the hands of Botanists as the “ Report" above mentioned, namely, 
“ Prince Maximilian v. Wied Reise ins innere Nordamerika," I. p. 510, — — 
and IL. p. 447. It is there doubtfully referred to Urticeæ, and said to be — 
the “ pulpy Thora” of Lewis and Charles Young. Some observations OD — 


this Genus will be found at p. 1, of the present volume of our “Journal,” 
3 from the pen of Dr. Lindley, who was, "however, unacquainted with the 


character of Fremontia, and we shall only render justice to Dr. Torrey —— 


| by occupying a portion of these pages with a transcript from it. — 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 481 


countries so successfully explored by the intrepid travellers, 
Douglas and Drummond, extending as it does from the 29? 
to the 48° of lat. ; and, in conjunction with the discoveries of 
the talented and indefatigable Nuttall, and of Lieut. Fremont, 


FREMONTIA, (nov. gen.) Flowers diclinous monoicous? dioicous, hetero- 
morphous. Stam. Fl. in terminal aments. Scales excentrically peltate, 
on a short stipe, angular, somewhat cuspidate upward. Stamens 2-3-4 
under each scale, naked, sessile; anthers oblong. Pist. Fl. solitary, 
axillary. Perigonium closely adhering to the lower half of the ovary, the 
border entire, nearly obsolete, but in fruit enlarging into a broad, horizon- 
tal, angular, and undulate wing. Ovary ovate; styles thick, divaricate ; 
stigmus linear. Fruit, a utricle, the lower two-thirds covered with the 
indurated calyx, compressed. Seed vertical, integument double. Em- 
bryo flat-spiral (2-3 turns), green ; radicle inferior ; albumen none. 

Fremontia vermicularis (Batis? vermicularis, Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2, 
p. 128.) Uppermost fork of the Platte, near the mouth of the Sweetwater, 
July 30.—A low, glabrous, diffusely branched shrub, clothed with a 
whitish bark, Leaves alternate, linear, fleshy, and almost semiterete, 
6-12 lin. long, and 1-2 lin. wide. Staminate aments about three-fourths 
of an inch long, cylindrical, at first dense, and composed of closely 
compacted angular scales, covering naked anthers. Anthers very deci- 
duous. Fertile flowers in the axils of the rameal leaves. Calyx closely 
adherent, and at first with only an obscure border or limb ; but at length 
forming a wing 3-4 lin. in diameter, resembling that of Salsola.—This 
remarkable plant, which I dedicate to Lieutenant Fremont, was first col- 
lected by Dr. James about the sources of the Canadian river, (in Long’s 
expedition); but it was omitted in my account of his plants published in the 
Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History. It is undoubtedly the Batis ? 
vermicularis of Hooker, (l. c.) collected on the barren grounds of the 
Oregon River, by the late Mr. Douglas, who found it with only | 
staminate flowers. We have it now from a third locality, so that the - 
plant must be widely diffused in the barren regions towards the Rocky T 
Mountains. It belongs to the sub-order Spirolobee of Meyer and Moc- 
quin; but can hardly be referred to either the tribe Suedine, or to 
Salsolee, differing from both in its diclinous, heteromorphous flowers, and 
also from the latter in its flat-spiral, not cochleate embryo." 

This description of Dr. Torrey, Dr. Gray observes, shows not only that 
the fertile flowers have a períanth (which Dr. Lindley appears to doubt) ; Ee 
but that this perianth in fruit forms a circular ring, as in Salsola. I m 
observe that I now possess, from Mr. Geyer and other travellers, 
specimens of this interesting plant, and they vip " further 10 
Catalogue of Mr. Geyer’s plants. —Ep. ey ae 


| VOL. IV. 


489 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


already mentioned, must render our knowledge of the vege- 
tation of these extensive wilds very considerable. 

Mr. Geyer has now divided his ample collections into 20 
sets; the fullest of which amounts to 600 species ; the lowest 
to 2 or 300; but the species wanting in these lower sets are 
not generally the scarcest kinds, for of such Mr. Geyer was 
careful to collect abundantly: and the sets are now offered 
to Botanists at the rate of £2 the 100 species, all expenses 
included. Orders may be sent to Mr. C. A. Geyer, at the 
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, or to R. Heward, Esq. 
Young Street, Kensington. 

It will be our agreeable task to publish a Catalogue of this 
collection, with remarks and descriptions of the new species ; 
this Catalogue to be prefaced by some account of the 
journey detailed by Mr. Geyer himself.) —Ep. 


PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 


In the spring of 1843, I set out from St. Louis, Missouri, 
and joined the party of Sir W. D. Stewart, of Murthly 
Castle, Scotland. I not only received every possible assist- 
ance from that gentleman, as far up as the Wind River 
Mountains; but he also kindly provided me with a letter of 
recommendation to the venerable Governor McLoughlin, of — 
the Hon. Hudson Bay Company, Columbia Department, at .- 
Fort Vancouver, which enabled me to sojourn in Upper Ore- 
gon, and finally to embark, with my botanical collection for 
London, in one of the vessels of the Hon. H. B. Company. - 

The liberality of that body of gentlemen is too well known, 
especially in the scientific world, to require any encomium 
from me, yet I may be allowed to make special mention of 
the kindness and assistance I received from the Chief Factors, —— 
Macdonald, at Fort Colville, Mc Kinlay, at Fort Walla-Walla, — 
and especially from Chief Factor Douglass, and Governor ua 
Mc Loughlin, at Fort Vancouver. Not less indebted am Í, 
as well as, I believe, previous botanists, to the assistance of — 
the different missionaries, both Protestant and Catholic. By 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 483 


the kindness of the superior of the Catholic missions, I was 
permitted to proceed with their caravan to the Flathead 
mission, after parting from Sir W. Stewart at the Wind 
River Mountains. I enjoyed their hospitality, and finally 
accompanied a mission party to the Coeur d'Aleine Indians, 
an entirely new field for my researches on the upper waters 
of the Spokan and Kallispell Rivers. 

For the opportunity of exploring the fertile part of the 
Spokan country, (which was only visited by the Botanist 
Douglas about as far as 80 miles west of Fort Colville), I am 
especially indebted to the Reverend gentlemen, Messrs. Eells 
and Walker, of the American Board of Foreign Missions, 
at Tshimakain. 

I arrived in the midst of winter 1843, almost exhausted 
by want of food, having been lost, and wandering alone in 
the mountains and woods for thirteen days, where the snow 
was two and three feet deep. Never shall I forget the kindness 
and unremitting attention bestowed upon me in that forlorn 
situation; the more felt after my exposure to the incle- 
mency of the weather for eight successive months. To a 
brother Missionary, of the same body, I owe the means of 
visiting another new field, the Highlands of the Nez-Percez 
Indians, where he accompanied me on my excursions, and 
also afforded facilities to investigate the flowery Koos Koos- 
kee valley over again, where previous botanists had but 
cursorily passed. 

It must, no doubt, be gratifying to the lovers of natural 
history that such assistance is rendered to scientific travellers ; 
not only since it would be impracticable, even with all the 
means, to traverse the different Indian.tribes unmolested, or 
without considerable difficulties, but it also shows that the 
necessity for extending our knowledge of the productions of 
nature is felt and cheerfully aided, even in the recesses of 
that vast western wilderness. May future explorers, for - 
whom there is yet enough in store, meet with the mms 
reception under those hospitable roofs ! ! 


er > gentle, er with Quercus nee, ne ms and 


484 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


NOTES ON THE MISSOURI AND OREGON TERRITORIES. 


This extensive region of North America presents so many 
interesting features, both in its vegetation and in a geological 
point of view; the latter too, of so perplexing a nature, that 
a satisfactory physico-geographical description cannot be 
attempted by me. Nor do all those existing data, which 
have been at different times advanced by previous travellers, 
suffice to convey a true idea of that vast country to the 
reader. I shall, therefore, confine myself closely to the 
botanical characteristics, only venturing to touch its 
geological chaos, where it is required and warranted by 
sufficient authority and personal examination. 


MISSOURI TERRITORY. 


Passing up the Platte River to Fort Laramie, thence through the most 
northerly narrow range of the “ Black Hills" across the Saline desert 
to the “ Red Butter," and * Rock Independence" at Sweet-water, or 
Eau Sucrée River—Thence to * Wind River Mountains," and across - 
the * Upper Colorado,” near the mouth of “ Grand Sableuse,” to ‘ Fort © 

Hall," and * Boiling Springs" of ** Lewis River"—And finally to the 
sources of Missouri, across Madison's fork at Beaver-head, on the 
central chain of the Rocky Mountains: connected with previous - 
observations up the Missouri as far as the Little Missouri, in 1839. 
I.—First comes a most fertile region lying between the lower : 

Kanzas, and the sandy barriers of the lower Platte valley ; b. 

presenting some features of the flora of the Missouri valley - 

and uplands. Forest trees gradually diminish in size, 
and in the number of species, and herbaceous plants increase. : 
in. the number of genera and species. | 
Ua belt of rich undulating prairies, with very picturesque 
scenery, beautiful | groves of Pyrus coronaria, Prunus Ameri- 
cana, and Chikasaw, adorn the lower parts south of the 
Kanzas. The rivers are fringed with woods, and often 
bordered by extensive prairies; and the valleys are encom- | 
_ passed by rocky ridges of Missouri limestone. The ravines 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 485 


Americana ; thickets of Corylus Americana occurring here 
and there in the valley ; and Quercus Chinquepin on the lime- 
stone hills. 

By enumerating the different forest.trees, it will be seen 
that none but the most common are diffused so far away 
from the Missouri river-woods. This is the most remote 
western habitat of Platanus occidentalis, Juglans nigra, Gym- 
nocladus Canadensis, Morus rubra, Tilia Americana, Celtis 
occidentalis, Quercus macrocarpa, Fraxinus acuminata, Acer 
eriocarpum, Negundo fraxinifolium, and Æsculus pallida ; 
the undergrowth consisting of Cornus circinnata and alba, 
Zanthoxylon fravineum, Rhamnus parvifolius, Crategus crus 
galli, Ribes triflorum and floridum, Vitis riparia, cordata and 
quinquefolia. Of herbaceous plants, likewise, only the most 
common accompany the foregoing forest-trees to the limit 
of their range, chiefly Anemone Pennsylvanica, Urospermum 
Claytoni, Geranium maculatum, Sanicula Marylandica, and 
Carex varia. 

Turning away from the outskirts of the gigantic western 
forest to the beautifully undulated prairies of the lower 
Kanzas, stretching themselves, as if endless, along the 
horizon, great is the disappointment of the traveller, for 
he must soon exchange them for the desert! It is a charm- 
ing sight, in the months of May or June, (in fact throughout 
the summer season also) to behold these prairies teeming 
with flowers. Already, in April, Viola delphinifolia, and 
Anemone tenella, with Hypoxis erecta, constitute the first 
ornament ; next follow Batschia canescens, Castilleja coccinea, 
Pedicularis Canadensis, Cypripedum candidum, with Carex 
Torreyana, and Meadii, in such abundance, as to form al- 
most a carpet by themselves. On the upland prairies 
and limestone-hills, we find the superb Pentstemon grandi- 
florum, with its no less showy companions Pentstemon 


dubium, Œnothera Drummondii, Polytaenia Nuttallü, Come * + 


thus Americana, and Amorpha canescens. aa 
In the month of June another flora is preceptible a the | 
lower plains. Plants, flowering for twice: time a 


486 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


the former, and growing about twice as high. Amongst 
these stand preeminent as the most showy :—Asclepias tube- 
rosa, Phlox aristata, (varying, in its native place, so much in 
colour, as to resemble the Dianthus barbatus of the gardens) ; 
then come Petalostemon violaceum and candidum, Salvia 
azurea, Lilium Canadense, Melanthium Virginicum, and Bap- 
tisia azurea. Later still, towards August, the Composite reign 
almost alone, from Helianthus angustifolius, Actinomeris 
helianthoides, Ambrosia trifida and Silphium connatum, 
(growing 5-15 feet high in the most fertile spots) to the dwarf 
Aster sericeus of the adjoining limestone-hills. 

Great difficulties presented themselves to us while tra- 
versing this beautiful country. Rivers, with steep banks of 
50 or 60 feet in height, where we had to let our waggons and 
baggage-carts down upon ropes ; and sudden rises of water, 
peculiar to these streams, and which when full, defy almost 
any attempt to cross them, resembling so many torrents. 
Daily we had to traverse some or other of the smaller rivers, 
and often were obliged to construct bridges by felling a large 
tree, and carrying our baggage over, and then swimming the 
horses through. 

Towards the sandy barriers of the valley of the lower 
Platte, the Missouri limestone disappears almost entirely 
above the surface, leaving only extensive platforms, slightly 
covered with earth. Such rocky tracts are clothed all over 
with the beautiful Astragalus assurgens of Hooker. It varies 
of every shade, from pure white to vivid pink, deep purple 
and violet ; Astr. caryocarpus is its constant companion, very — — 
remarkable for its large wallnut-shaped fleshy legumes, grow- — 
ing in bunches, and stretching in a circle around the plant — 
. on the stony ground or limestone rock. Another pretty 
plant, the Malva Munroana, is often found with the two fore- — 
going, likewise groups of Verbena Aubletia, with Calymenia 
nyctaginea, Batschia longiflora, and Hedeoma. hispida. : 


The ridges and slopes of the ravines are studded with - 4 


Ceanothus Americana, Amorpha canescens, and Tephrosia : 
Virginiana, while the level prairies present dense masses of 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 487 


Lathyrus ornatus, Anemone tenella and Pennsylvanica, and 
Hymenopappus corymbosus. In wet places may be seen groups 
of Iris Virginiana, and Tripsacum monococcon, mingled with 
Carices, Eryngium aquaticum, and Zigadenus glaberrimus. 

On arriving at the Platte, the aspect of the country is 
entirely changed, and a comparative barrenness takes place. 

Here commences the | 

II.— Or less fertile region, lying between the Saline desert 
of Upper Platte, and the last named fertile prairie region of 
Kanzas river. 

Surface and apparent geological features.—' The land having 

risen to an elevation of about 900 or 1000 feet, it loses that 
pleasing undulated surface, characteristic of the western 
prairies. The tabular plains commence, though at first much 
interrupted by abrupt, steep ravines, and intervening ridges. 
They are composed of a coarse gravel, bedded on a massive 
layer of boulders of every sort of so-called primitive rocks, 
especially granite, and these again rest on recent horizontal 
sandstone, which latter overlays masses of bituminous shale 
of amazing depth. Piles of that sandstone are met with 
here and there, variously inclined, having been evidently 
dislodged from the level position, denuded of the soil by the 
weather, and are now walled at their bases with the accumu- 
lated boulders. In deep abrupt ravines, the water-courses 
are on bituminous shale, while the steep sides present to 
view the horizontal interrupted layer of the new sandstone 
stratas. This sandstone is of a coarse grain, and argillaceous 
cement, the latter preponderating ; hence it is easily decom- 
posed by the action of the atmosphere. _ d 

General features of the vegetation.—The woods are now 
reduced to groves only of Populus Canadensis, Mx., Ulmus 
Americana and fulva, Negundo fraxinifolium and Celtis occi- 
dentalis. A very small grove of Quercus macrocarpa occurs at 
the most northerly spur of the Black Hills, almost out of this - 
region. The thickets consist of Rhus glabra, Rosa parvifolia, — 
Amorpha frutescens, Salix longifolia, and Rubus occidentalis. 
Among the grasses, Avenacee and Festucaceæ take the lead, 


488 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


while the hitherto abundant species of Andropogon and Pol- 
linia disappear to the west. Agrostideæ increase, as also 
Hordeacee ; and the Leguminose and Astragaline prevail in 
the flora. Conspicuous representives may be seen of many 
families, mostly of one genus only! Thus of Liliaceæ, 
Yucca; of Pediculares, Castilleja; of Scrophularine, Pents- 
lemon; of Solanee, Solanum triflorum; of Hydrophyllee, 
Ellisia; of Convolvuli, Evolvulus ; of Cinerocephale, Carduus 
. argyrophyllus, Torr.; of Papaveracee, Argemone; etc. White 
and scarlet are predominant among the herbaceous plants ; 
lilac and purplish colours exist only in the species of Pent- 
stemon. 

The Platte or Nebraska River is shallow and rapid with 
an average breadth of a mile, and presents within this region 
most picturesque scenery from the innumerable small verdant 
islands which appear as if sailing in its rapid stream. Most 
of these islands have at least one tree in their centre, and 
some of them small groves, either of Poplar, Elm or Negundo, 
their luxuriant branches bending in the wind. Along the 
banks scarcely a tree is to be seen, except at the mouths of 
rivers and junctions of rivulets. The thickets of Sali lon- 
gifolia, Amorpha frutescens and Rosa parvifolia, when all in 
bloom, afford a pleasant contrast to the adjoining trackless 
drifting sandy ranges of the valley, formed by local currents 
of wind from the hills. These sandy tracts are the abode of 
Stipa avenacea, St. juncea, Agrostis cryptandra, and the pretty 
Eriocoma; sometimes, on firmer sand, the Crypsis squarrosa 
twines over the surface. Only Stipa avenacea grows densely; — — 
scattered amongst it I found the pretty Machaeranthera, =- 
like Centaury, with us, amongst corn. These different spe- 
cies of Stipa formed the favourite food of our horses, but — 
only before their panicle was developed; as soon asthe  — 
_ Spikelets came out, the animals would not touch this genus, — 
but fed on the Eriocoma. Scattered amongst these sand- 


grasses generally were groups of Cleome integrifolia, Asclepias E 


speciosa, Argemone grandiflora, Culymenia multiflora, and : 5 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 459 


Chrysopsis villosa. The more fertile parts of the valley still 
present Pentstemon grandiflorum, and Batschia Gmelini, with 
Lathyrus palustris, Sisyrinchium anceps, Pentst. pubescens, 
Potentilla anserina, Zigadenus, Aster, and Solidago, in moist 
places. 

"The sand hills are held together by the long binding roots 
of Psoralea arenaria and Rumex venosus; in part, also, by 
Glycyrrhiza lepidota and Cerasus pumila, which latter seems 
to me a true plum, as regards the fruit; sometimes it grows 
only a span high, with a dozen fruits of the size of a sloe. 
Out of these thickly clustered masses springs the robust 
Carduus argyrophyllus, Torr.? with its large, white, and ` 

. very fragrant heads of flowers. Most showy are the thyrses 
of the Rumez venosus, of which the large winged fruits become 
scarlet towards maturity. The singular and transient flora 
of these sandhills disappears in less than four weeks, when 
everything dries up, and no vegetable life remains, except 
masses of Orobanche, growing out of the roots of roses and 
the Psoralea or Giycyrrhiza. 

But it is to the gravelly plains and ridges that the attention 
of the botanist is chiefly attracted ; especially the wide ex- 
tending ridges, which, wherever they appear, give shelter to 
the rarest and choicest plants of the surrounding country. 
These ridges prevail along the whole eastern slope of the 
Rocky Mountains; alternating with almost every geological 
formation ; and may be traced across the Missouri, about the 

mouth of Platte river eastward, in an irregular interrupted 

line to Lake Michigan, and southward likewise to the Ozark 

Mountains of Missouri; perhaps, also theod Arkansas to 

Texas. 

The plants of these ridges bear a resemblance to the Sub- 
alpine Flora, with somewhat of the robustness of those species 
which inhabit the plains below. There are no grasses with 
creeping roots, except the simple Panicum Muhlenbergii, in | 
this region, and on the upper Missouri ; but several beautiful 
Graminee grow only here, amongst which are Aristida pallens . 
and Agrostis brevifolia. a Ki decreas and Ses- 


490 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


leria dactyloides are abundant. The most conspicuous plants 
are Mammillaria simplex, Bartonia ornata, Lupinus pusillus, 
Sida coccinea, Gaura coccinea, Pentstemon albidum and grandi- 
florum, Astragalus hypoglottis, assurgens and caryocarpus, 
Echinacea angustifolia, Lygodesmia juncea, Psoralea escu- 
lenta, canescens and Glycyrrhiza, Evolvulus argenteus, Polygala 
alba, Œnothera serrulata, Diplopappus pinnatifidus, Hooker, 
Calymenia angustifolia, hirsuta and decumbens, Aster sericeus, 
Solidago nemoralis, Schrankia uncinata, Erysimum asperum, 
Linum multicaule, Kentrophyton, Phace, Oxytropides, &c. &c. 
The Mammillaria occurs in varieties with white, rose and 
purple flowers; Polygala alba, white, pale pink, and violet ; 
Echinacea, white and pale purple. Schrankia grows only on 
the slopes, prostrate, full of bright purple flowers, its leaves 
are irritable, like those of Mimosa pudica. 

Several of the above named plants may be seen also in 
the plains, which, however, are characterized by others more 
robust, amongst which Helianthus atrorubens and Echinacea 
purpurea are conspicuous, Heliopsis scabra, Columnaria pin- 
nata, Rudbeckia columnaris, with yellow and deep fuscous- 
purple rays. Allionia nyctaginea grows in stony places. On 
sunny slopes I observed Petulostemon candidum and viola- 
ceum, Coreopsis delphinifolia, Psoralea, Astragali, Phace, 
Keleria, Panicum Muhlenbergii and Polypogon glomeratus. 

Small sandy denuded places are occupied by the beautiful 
Petalostemon villosum and Œnothera albicaulis, and also 
by Crypsis, Cleome integrifolia, Opuntia Missourica and Arte- 
misia caudata. 

In these plains occur flats, or slightly depressed and some- 
what circular places, sometimes one mile in circumference, 
covered with a delicate carpet of the pretty Sesleria dacty- 
loides. Within them the Prairie Marmot (Arctomys Ludovi- 
cianus, Say,) burrows; so that the spots are often called 
prairie-dog villages by Anglo-American travellers. These 
creatures live together in great numbers, and feed, at least 

. generally, on this little grass. Their habitations probably — 
communicate, though each pair seems to have but one en- 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 491 


trance, around which a heap of naked earth forms a little 
elevation, from which the inmates survey the village. A 
small species of owllives peaceably with the marmot; it is 
a restless little bird, apparently on good terms with the 
marmots, but ever on the alert, for fear of the rattle-snake ; 
which, strange to say, inhabits the same quarters, but is pro- 
bably an intruder. This owl seems to have as good a sight 
in the noon-day sun as its European kindred have at night ; 
for I have remarked it moving about all day, passing and 
repassing from one burrow to another. When I visited 
these habitations at sunrise, I never failed to see alternately 
marmots, owls, or rattle-snakes peeping out of the apertures. 
In a plain at Shienne River, on the upper Missouri, I found 
one large village deserted by marmots, and tenanted solely 
by rattle-snakes ; the latter having probably overpowered and 
destroyed the legitimate occupants, or driven them out. 

On the earth-heaps of these burrows, I saw Solanum tri- 

: florum, and never elsewhere, it grows prostrate in patches ; 
Œnothera pinnatifida, Sida coccinea and Lupinus pusillus 
are here also together. 

The scarlet colour, with which tracts of thousands of acres 
may be seen glowing during the months of May or June, is 
occasioned by the Sida coccinea ; the white, by GZnothera pin- 
natifida and coronopifolia; blue and purple by several species 
of Pentstemon, and yellow by the dense masses of Helianthus 
tubeformis and petiolaris. 

Before closing the description of this region, I must men- 
tion the great inconveniences to which the traveller is exposed 
in it; foremost come the incessant rains during the months of 
May and June, which fall so heavy, that the water runs an 
inch deep upon the ground, accompanied too with violent 
winds. Next are the mosquitoes during calm nights, and 

.swarms of blood-thirsty horse-flies by day, plaguing alike 
man and beast incessantly. Not less annoying are the night 
watches, necessary here to guard the animals from the ma- 
rauding Pawnees, especially after a hard journey and in bad. 
weather. However, after weary day and sleepless night are 


492 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


past, when once the morning sun makes its appearance, all 
troubles are over and almost forgotten. Every one is en- 
gaged in breaking up camp, talking about the most probable 
adventures of the coming day; some prepare to hunt the 
buffalo or bison, some the antelope, and others to go in 
search of strayed horses, &c. Perhaps a bellowing band of 
bisons rushes across the river, or a troop of wild horses 
appear prancing in the morning sun, and dashing over the 
plains, or a capering antelope is seen on the brow of the hills, 
or something else to add excitement to the scene. Quickly 
the whole cavalcade has mounted again, and proceeds onward 
through that inhospitable and dangerous wilderness. 


(To be continued.) 


Proposed Botanical Journey of MR. ALEXANDER GORDON, 
to the Mountains of Texas, &c. 


Not only did Mr. Charles Geyer accompany Sir William 
Stewart into the Rocky Mountains, but an equally indefati- 
gable Scottish Botanist was of the party, Mr. Alexander Gor- 
don, who had been long resident in the United States, 
and had thence transmitted many rare seeds and roots to 
Europe. On his return from that journey, he lost by ship- 
wreck a great part of his collections soon after his embarkation 
at New Orleans for England. Among what remained, seeds 
of several rare plants have been reared, and a considerable 
collection of exquisitely dried specimens came into the pos- 
session of Mr. H. Shepherd, Curator of the Liverpool Bota- 
nic > Garden, and Mr. Lawson of Edinburgh. Through their 
ess, my Herbarium has been enriched with many of 
these plants, and I shall have occasion to notice several, 
when treating of those of Mr. Geyer in the present Journal. , 
Sl bent on prosecuting his researches i in the less known 
parts of the south-western portions of North America, Mr. 
3 Gordon embarked again for the United States in the autumn 

E of last year ; and his firat letter t to me si the informa- T 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 493 


tion that misfortunes still attended his wanderings, so that 
he was detained at Mobile in Alabama much longer than 
he could have wished. The circumstances are these, as de- 
tailed in his letter from that place, dated December 23, 1844. 

“I have to inform you that I have as yet proceeded no 
further than Mobile, owing to causes which I am about to 
explain. On leaving New York, I proceeded by way of 
Philadelphia, and thence crossed the Alleghany mountains to 
the head of the Ohio at Pittsburg, and descended that river 
to its junction with the Mississippi, and was proceeding down 
thelatter noble stream to New Orleans, when our steam-boat, 
the * Belle," a splendid new vessel, was run into at mid- 
night, and sustained such injury that she sunk in a few 
minutes. By great good fortune, I caught hold of a plank 
which kept me above water, till I was picked up by the small 
boat belonging to the vessel which had so damaged us, but I 
lost everything except my shirt and trousers, and four dollars 
that were in my pocket. 

“This calamity has prevented me from prosecuting my in- 
tended tour for the present; but ever since my arrival at 
Mobile, I have been actively engaged in making a large col- 
lection of such southern plants as I am certain will meet with 
a ready market at New York, and as these will be despatched 
at once, I may naturally look for payment by February, and 
so be put into a position to pursue my route early in spring. 
And I am really disposed to hope that little time is lost by 
the delay, for whether I go, in the first place, to the Texian 
Mountains; or, what now seems more probable, to Santa 
Fé, in either case, I shall arrive soon enough for the spring 
Flora. If I decide on the latter course, I shall join the 
regular Traders at the City of St. Louis, and avail myself of 
their protection to Santa Fè : they go annualiy, and therefore 
no disappointment can be anticipated on that head. 


a, By an opportunity that now presents itself of forwarding dur 


growing plants, I shall send you specimens of what appears 
to me the Sarracenia Drummondi, which I understand you 
have never seen in flower ; din with. two other species of 


494 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


the genus, that do not seem to me accurately described. 
This neighbourhood is rather rich in plants, and if you desire 
to have any, and let me know at once, there will be ample 
time to collect and forward them in due season.” 


Mobile, April 17, 1845. 

“I am honoured with your letter, dated February 10, 
and beg to thank you for the interest you are pleased 
to express in my affairs. In the first place, I have to inform 
you that the untoward circumstances and heavy loss sus- 
tained by me while descending the Mississippi, as men- 
tioneded in my last communieation, have, notwithstanding 
my most strenuous efforts, compelled me to defer for a few 
months longer my tour to the mountains of Texas and Santa 
Fé, (for I purpose, if I live, visiting both.) Do not, I en- 
treat you, consider me lukewarm in the matter, for it is with 
the greatest reluctance I submit to delay, even for that short 
period ; but poverty is a powerful check-rein, and at present 
there is no alternative. I have, however, pleasure in inform- 
ing you that two months ago, I took the superintendence of 
a gentleman’s garden at Mobile, reserving to myself the pri- 
vilege of dedicating what time I might find requisite to 
collecting plants, seeds, and specimens. I am perfectly 
aware that the Flora of this portion of America is too well 
known to promise much interest, at least in comparison with 
an untrodden region, but I shall strive to make the former 
subservient to enabling me eventually to explore the latter. 
And even here there is much variety and beauty among the 
plants ; so that since I must stay till the end of the season, 
_ I shall be enabled to transmit you so large a collection for 
the sum you specify, as will give you entire satisfaction. 
Indeed, I should be sorry to restrict my exertions to mere 
payment; I shall feel pleasure in sending all I can. 

* You speak of the practicability of forwarding the growing 
specimens, packed in Sphagnum, and I have had so much 
experience, and been always so successful, that there is no - 
risk to be feared, especially as moss of that kind is abun- 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 495 


dant and fine in the neighbourhood. A proper regard to the 
quantity of moisture is the only point that requires at- 
tention. 

** Some of the genera you mention have not fallen under 
my observation hereabouts; Trillium, for instance; while 
others that are not named by you are abundant. I may 
instance the genus Liatris, great favourites of mine, and of 
which I can send you six or eight species. For the last few 
weeks, I have been enchanted with the profusion of Gelse- 
mium sempervirens and Pinguicula lutea, the former hanging 
in rich festoons from almost every tree and shrub, and the 
latter presenting the eye with all the richness of a golden 
carpet. I think there is another and undescribed species © 
here of Pinguicula; but all my books having been lost 
in our wreck, I cannot be positive; a Sarracenia, too, 
differing i in many points from S. purpurea, to which, how- 
ever, it is much allied. 

* Perhaps I may be able to send some of the specimens 
by a ship from hence in the end of June: the seeds and 
growing plants will go in October or November. 

* p.S. —Since writing the above, I have been to a distance of 
forty miles, to collect Sarracenia Drummondi. Only imagine 
a space of forty acres, or more, a dense mass of that splendid 
plant !” 


It is impossible not to admire the ardour with which Mr. 
Gordon thus carries on his botanical investigations in North - 
America; nor is this, we know, by any means the first time, 
that, when circumstances required it, he has hired himself 
out as a gardener for some months, or a year, thereby earn- 
ing, with the sweat of his brow, the scanty means for prose- 
cuting his favourite pursuit; and we trust that when his 
Alabama plants arrive, (and they may be expected about the 
commencement of the next year) purchasers will be found 
for them: thus enabling him to collect the more extensively 
and more successfully in the mountains of Texas and of 
North Mexico. - | 


496 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


Mr. Heward, Young Street, Kensington, is authorized to 
receive names of any persons who desire to have plants or 
seeds, from the regions Mr. Gordon visits. 


Heldreich's Oriental Plants. 


Letters have been received from M. Boissier, giving an 
excellent account of Heldreich’s herborizations during the 
present summer. He was lately in Cilicia, collecting on the 
flanks of Mount Taurus, “ot jamais Botaniste n'a mis le 
pied." Thence he will proceed to the neighbourhood of Kara- 
man and Iconium. We earnestly recommend those who have 
not already sent in their names as subscribers, but who wish 
to possess sets of these valuable plants, to lose no time in 
doing so. This can be done, as stated at p. 41 of the 
present volume of the Journal, through M. Reuter, rue de 
Constance, n. 136, à Genéve. 


Mr. Ibbotson’s Plants of the North of England. 


If we have Botanists carrying on their pursuits in foreign 
regions, so we can boast of indefatigable and most merito- 
rious collectors at home. Mr. H. Ibbotson, of Gruthorpe, 
near Whitwell, Yorkshire, has already announ ced* his inten- 
tion of preparing this season, a number of sets of British 
Ferns, containing each 100 specimens, at the price of 5s. 
Also a number of packets of the rarer flowering plants of 
Yorkshire, especially the many interesting ones of Teesdale. 
Of these, 200 specimens are offered for 10s., and 500 for 20s. 
‘Specimens of Mosses, Hepatice, and, like the Ferns and 
flowering plants, named and localized, are offered upon 
equally reasonable terms. We have seen collections formed 
by Mr. Ibbotson, and bear most willing testimony to the 
beauty of the specimens, and the care and accuracy with 
which they are named. Contrary to a general practice, Mr. 


* See the cover of the last (August) month’s Journal. - 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 497 


Ibbotson gives more specimens of the rarer species, and 
fewer or single samples, of the common kinds. He is 
indeed most worthy of encouragement by every lover of 
Botany. Among the * plante rariores" to be thus offered, 
are Carex paradoxa, Scheuchzeria palustris, Lysimachia 
thyrsiflora, Veronica triphyllos. . 


Mr. Gardiner's Scotch Plants. 


Equally meritorious with Mr. Ibbotson is Mr. Gardiner, 
and equally indefatigable in collecting and offering upon the 
most moderate terms, the rare vegetable productions of Scot- 
land, especially of that rich and classical district, the Clova 
mountains. We have more than once, in the pages of this 
Journal, called attention to these specimens; and we may add, 
that Mr. G. is still extending his researches in the interesting 
field, and has it in contemplation to publish, during the 
ensuing year, a second series of “ Botanical Rambles in 
Braemar,’* and also a Flora of Forfarshire: which Flora he 
proposes to accompany and illustrate with a series of 200 
species of the rarer and more peculiar plants of the district. 


Bourgeaud's Plants of the Canaries. 


It is, perhaps, not yet generally known, that M. Bour- 
geaud, a zealous Botanist of Savoy, is, under the auspices, 
and aided by the local knowledge of the Canary Islands pos- 
' sessed by Mr. Webb, gone to visit them with a view to collect 
the plants, of which we are glad to learn that a few sets 
will be made up for sale. Already some cases have arrived 
at Paris, and we shall be happy to be able to announce their 
distribution. 


* See p. 208 of the present volume of this Journal. 


VOL. IY. CIC Ww 


498 CONTRIBUTIONS TO 


Contributions to the Botany of Souru America. By Joun 
Miers, Ese., F.R.S. F.L.S. 


(Continued from p. 371.) 


The stem is almost 4-angular; the leaves are nearly am- 
plexicaul at base, where they are fixed obliquely on the 
stem, the lower edge being decurrent; they taper gradually 
upwards, and are linearly acuminate, are about 12 in. long, 
and 3 lin. broad at base; the younger ones are pubescent, 
but they soon become glabrous; the peduncle is compressed, 
6-7 lin. in length, and together with the calyx is covered with 
long, soft pubescence; the calycine tube is turbinate, pen- 
tagonous, 4 lin. long, with five equal erect, triangular, acumi- 
nate lobes of equallength; the corolla is about the size of 
that of S. paradoxa, with a broad campanulate border of a 
blue colour. The nuts are scarcely as large as rape seeds, 
black, deeply foveolated with very sharp angles; on one 
receptacle I found 35 distinct nuts, all 1-celled. 

5. Sorema lanceolata (n. sp.) :—herbacea, prostrata, incano- 
pubescens; caule subangulato ; folis geminis lanceolatis 
semiamplexicaulibus, basi oblique adnatis, hinc. decurren- 
tibus; floribus in axillis solitariis, speciosis, ceeruleis.— ` 
Chile ad Coquimbo. v. s. in herb. Hooker, (Cuming, 
n. 856.) 

The whole plant is furnished with incanous pubescence; 
the younger leaves, peduncles and stems, are ciliated and 
covered with very thick articulate hairs; the leaves are 
somewhat spathulate, lanceolate, oblique at base, and decur- 
rent on the stem, as in the former species, they are 14 in. 
long, 4-6 lin. broad ; the peduncle is compressed, 14 in. long; 
the calyx is campanulate, 5-angled, 6 lin. long; the teeth being 
half that length, and lanceolate ; the corolla is 14 in. long, and 
much resembles that of S. paradoza. d 
6. Sorema longifolia. Alona longifolia Lindl. loc. cit :—her- 

bacea, prostrata; caule crasso ; foliis geminis, lineari- 

lanceolatis, subspathulatis, alato-petiolatis in caulem hinc - 


THE FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA. 499 


decurrentibus, parce et molliter pubescentibus; floribus 

speciosis solitariis, axillaribus, cæruleis.—Chile ad Co- 

quimbo. v. s. in herb. Hooker, (Cuming. n. 887). 

This is evidently a succulent prostrate plant, with a fleshy 
stem 3 lin. in diameter, and with axils 1 in. apart ; the leaves 
are 3 in. long, à in. broad, spathulate and decurrent; the 
pedicel is 14 in. long ; the calyx is altogether 9 lin. long, the 
linear segments measuring 5 lin. ; the corolla is 14 in. long, 
with a broad campanular blue border as in S. paradoxa. 
Doctor Lindley mentions having found in one receptacle 7 
drupes, viz: 1-4-celled, and 6-!-celled, in all ten cells: in 
the one I examined I found 4 nuts, each 6-celled, 1-3-celled, 
and 8-1-celled, in all 13 nuts, with 35 cells; it is worthy of 
remark that all the seeds do not produce a perfect embryo. 
7. Sorema linearis (n. sp.) :—herbacea, glanduloso-pilosa, 

demum subglabra; ramulis angulatis; folus linearibus, 

obtusis, hinc decurrentibus ; floribus solitariis, axillaribus. 
- — Chile ad Conceptionem. v. s. in herb. Hooker. (Bridges, 

n. 1323). 

This is probably a procumbent plant; the younger leaves 
are covered with dense glandular tomentum ; they are decur- 
rent on the stem as in the preceding species, 1: in. long, 
2-21 lin. broad; the peduncle is $ to 4 in. long; the calyx is 
short, 5-angular, with lanceolate segments, altogether 5 lin. 
long, and covered with soft pubescence ; the corolla is of the 
same shape, but smaller than that of S. paradoza, and in the 
dried state is of a yellow colour. In one case, I found 2 of 
the nuts 3-celled, 3-2-celled, 15-1-celled, in all 6 nuts with 
27 cells; in another instance I observed 1-4-celled, 1-3-celled, 
3-2-celled, and 5-1-celled, in all 10 nuts with 18 cells. 

From the above details it may be inferred that as the nuts 
differ so constantly in their number, and as in each nut the 
number of cells is so uncertain, differing even in the same 
plant, this feature can no longer be considered a good generid, 
character. 1 have examined the plants above deseri ; 
with much attention, and cannot perceive any mark to ae 
tinguish Alona from Sorema, except that in the former the 

79. o * 


500 CONTRIBUTIONS TO 


species are all erect plants with woody stems, and fascicu- 
late, terete, or 3-gonous leaves, while those of the latter are 
herbaceous, prostrate plants, with geminate broad, fleshy 
leaves, which in every case appear decurrent on the stem. 
I have had no opportunity of examining more than one out 
of the 5 species of Nolana enumerated by Dr. Lindley, and 
that has not enabled me to appreciate the distinction between 
that genus, Sorema, and Alona. In Nolana the species are all 
succulent prostrate plants, mostly with geminate leaves, 
which are both petiolated, and are not decurrent on the 
stem, asin Sorema ; in all the 3 genera the flowers closely 
resemble each other; in Nolana tenella, Lindl, I found 5 
nuts, which were either 1-3-4 or 5-celled ; if no difference 
then can be detected in the flower or the seeds, habit alone 
remains to draw a line of distinction between them, and a 
question arises whether habit alone will be considered suffi- 
cient to separate these plants into 3 genera. Should they 
all verge into No/ana, this genus might then with propriety 
be divided into 3 sections:—1. Eunolana, comprising the 
5 species alluded to; 2. Sorema, containing the 7 species 
above enumerated ; and 3. Alona, embracing 8 species, viz 
1. A. celestis, 2. A. rostrata, 3. A. obtusa, 4. A. glandulosa, 
5. A. carnosa, and 6. A. baccata of Dr. Lindley, together 
with two new species described below. It is to be hoped 
that some Botanist, possessing the means of examining these 
plants, if possible in the living state, will observe whether 
any tangible and constant characters exist between them, 
or whether from the similarity of their structure, they should 
all become referrible to Nolana as above suggested ; but in 
the mean time it is not unfair to presume, from the indica- 
tions alluded to, that some good generic differences may yet 
be discovered, when the plants have been more carefully 
examined. 

7. Alona ericifoiia (n. »j :—fruticulosa, glanduloso-pube- 
scens, ramulis sub-dichotomis ; foliis fasciculatis confertis 
linearibus, margine revolutis et tunc teretibus; floribus 
speciosis cæruleis ; éalyce tomentoso, tubo 5-gono, lobis 


THE FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA. 501 


erectis, lineari-acuminatis; corollæ limbo amplo campanu- 

lato; nucibus paucis, magnis, baccatis, plurilocularibus.— 

Chile ad Conceptionem. v. s. in herb. Hooker. (Bridges, 

n. 1325). 

This is apparently a low-growing suffruticose bande 
plant, distinguished by its numerous close fascicles of narrow 
linear leaves, which are about 4 in. long. and 1 a lin. wide, 
somewhat broader towards the apex, the margins being 
rolled back on the mid-rib, so as to assume a perfectly terete 
form, they are covered with dense short, glandular tomen- 
tum. The flowers are about the size and shape of those of 
Sorema paradoxa. The calyx is funnel-shaped, about 3 inch 
long. the acuminate lobes being about one third of its 
length, and somewhat curved outwards, as in A. prea, and 
A. rostrata. 

8.. Alona microphylla (n. sp.) :—fruticulosa, ramulis tortuo- 
sis nodosis ; foliis parvis, fasciculatis, confertis, spathulato- 
oblongis, carnosulis, viscidulo-pubescentibus ; floribus 
solitariis, mediocribus, calyce campanulato, ad medium 
-5-partito, lobis late triangularibus, pubescenti, pilis glan- 
dulosis, aliisque articulatis; corolla pubescenti, limbo amplo 
campanulato, staminibus styloque exsertis.—Chile ad 
Conceptionem. v. s. in herb. Hooker. (Bridges, n. 1330). 
This is another low growing suffruticose species, with very 

much the habit of some of the small-leaved Lyciums. The 

stem and lower portion of the branchlets are tortuous, bare, 

and knotty; the leaves are close, about 3 lin. long, 4 to 1 

lin. broad, spathulate, nerveless, fleshy, and covered with 

short, viscid, glandular hairs. The peduncles are ciliate, 

1 in. long; the tube of the calyx is 2 lines in length, as 

well as in diameter, having 5 equal, broad, triangular, erect 

lobes, 2 lin. long; the corolla is 1 in. long, broadly campanu- 
late, with 5 rounded lobes. 

Since the former part of these remarks upon the genus 
Sorema was printed, I have seen in a living state a cultivated - 


species that corresponds with the Nolana atr riplicifolia of 


509 CONTRIBUTIONS TO - 


Sweet, loc. cit., which appears to me only a more luxuriant 
form of Sorema paradoxa: Y consider, therefore, the two 
species to be identical, and the stated place of the origin of 
the former (Peru), to have been mistaken for that of Chile. 


Dora, Lindl. 


This genus was proposed by Prof. Lindley for a plant 
brought by Mr. Cuming from Chile, and which I obtained 
many years ago from Dr. Miller, of H.M.S. Dublin, who 
collected it in Concepcion. Although unquestionably be- 
longing to Nolanee, it has more the habit and inflorescence 
of a Fabiana, from the flower of which it is scarcely distin- 
guishable. The following is offered as a more extended 
generic character than that given by its distinguished 
author. 

Doutta Lindl.—Calyz persistens, tubulosus, limbo 5-partito, 

lobis lineari-acuminatis, carnosulis, obtusiusculis. Corolla 
hypogyna, fere hypocrateriformis, tubo ore ampliato, limbo 
ad basin 5-fisso, lobis brevibus rotundatis apice vix mucro- 
nulatis. Stamina 5, inequalia, inclusa, rarius exserta ; 
filamenta erecta, medio corolle inserta, filiformia; anthere 
basifixæ, 2-lobæ, lobis rotundatis, longitudinaliter dehis- 
centibus. Discus hypogynus, carnosus, substipatus, mar- 
gine 5-lobo libero gynobasin cingens. Ovaria 8-10, coadu- 
nata, l-ovulata. Stylus centralis, filiformis. Stigma clava- 
tum. Drupe totidem, carnosæ, demum siccæ, vernicose ; 
nuv ovalis, 1-6-locularis, basi operculo clausa. Semen ut 
in congeneribus. 

Frutieuli Chilenses, erecti, ramosissimi; ramulis brevibus 
flexuosis, interdum  cottoneo-floccosis ; foliis Sasciculatis, 
minimis, spathulatis, carnosulis, pilosis; foribus parvis, 
solitariis, terminalibus, v. axillaribus. 

1. Dolia vermiculata Lindl. :—ramis niveo-cottoneis ; foliis 
brevissimis, spathulatis, rotundatis, crassis; calycis dentibus 
carnosis, sub-recurvis, tubo corollæ multo brevioribus.— 
Chile ad Conceptionem. (Cuming, n. 893, Bridges, n. 1336. 


THE FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA. 503 


This is an erect low-growing shrub, with slender woody 
stems, and numerous short flexuose branchlets, which are 
densely covered with long white cottony hairs; the leaves are 
fasciculated, linear, spathulate with fleshy rounded summits, 
pubescent, scarcely 1 line in length ; the flowers are terminal, 
solitary, and erect, hardly more than 4 inch long, and 13-2 
lines diam.; the calyx is 14 line long; 5 to 8 small drupes 
become matured in each calyx, in the specimen I examined I 
found 6, of which one was 2-celled, and five were 1-celled, 
with a single seed in each cell; the nuts are ovoid, rounded, 
somewhat angular, the basal. point of attachment being 
small, and the opening into each cell marked by a round scar 
or areola, as in Sorema.* 

2. Dora sals loides, Lindl.—ramis calvis junioribus pube 
brevissima sparsis ; foliis fasciculatis linearibus fere glabris, 
calycis dentibus linearibus, obtusis, subpubescentibus, 
tubo corollæ fere æqualibus.—Chile. (Macrae). 

The leaves of this species are 4 lines long, + line broad, 
slightly ciliated, or exhibiting under a lens a few scattered 
articulated hairs; the peduncle is about the length of the 
leaves; the calyx is about 3 lines long, divided half way 
down into 5 segments, which are linear, obtuse, fleshy, and 
sparsely covered with short pubescence ; the corolla is about 
4 lines long. 

3. Dora clavata (n. sp.).—omnino calva ; foliis fasciculatis, 
carnosulis, lineari-spathulatis, imo pulvinatis ; calycis den- 
tibus linearibus, obtusis, tubo corollæ dimidio brevioribus ; 
staminibus exsertis, filamentis basi sericeis.— Chile ad 
Conceptionem. v. s. in herb. Hooker. (Bridges, n. 1324.) 
This species has much the aspect of the last, but the leaves 

are broader, spathulate and rounded, 3 lines long, and 1 line 

wide, they are quite glabrous and fleshy; the peduncle is of 
the same length as the leaves ; the calyx about 2 lines long, 
is divided halfway down, its segments being linear, hta 


* A figure of this species will be shown in Plate 11 ofthe Hasta. 
tions of South American Plants.” ei eee 


504 CONTRIBUTIONS TO 


and somewhat thickened at the apex; the corolla is about 
6 lines long, with oblong reflected segments, the stamens 
being exserted, the filaments arising about the middle of the 
tube, from as many dense velvety tufts, above which they 
are glabrous, as is likewise the style; the ten ovaries are 
arranged in 2 series on a conical receptacle, the margin of 
the surrounding disc being erect and obsoletely lobed. 

3. Dolia leptophylla, (n. sp.) :—fruticulosa, tota pubescens, 
ramulis teneris fusco-cottoneis foliis fasciculatis, lineari- 
teretibus, incurvis; calyce parvo, lobis triangularibus, 
attenuatis: corolla cerulea, tubo inferne gracili, superne 
ampliato, campanulato, lobis parvis rotundatis; nucibus 
rotundatis, nigris, rugosis.—Peruvia. v. s. in herb. Hooker. 
Cuming, n. 956. 

The above specimen is small, apparently a portion of an 
erect low-growing shrubby plant. The leaves are barely 
4 an inch long and half a line broad, covered with dense 
grey tomentum : the peduncle is scarcely 2 lines long; the 
calyx is small, only 14 to 2 lines in length, with triangular 
erect teeth ; the corolla, about 8 lines long, is very slender at 
base, spreading above in a bell-shaped tube, with a 5-lobed 
margin. The seeds are black, shining, rounded, covered witb 
rugous prominences: on one receptacle I observed 1 of the 
nuts to be 6-celled, 1-4-celled, 1-3-celled, 2-1-celled, in 
all 5 nuts with 15 cells. : 
4. Dolia lava (n. sp.)—fruticulosa, tomentosa, ramulis graci- 

libus laxis ; foliis sparsis, lineari-spathulatis, acutis, glan- 

duloso-pubescentibus ; floribus axillaribus, parvis. Canta? 

Peruvie.—v. s. in herb. Hooker. £^ 

This specimen, or rather fragment of one, was sent from 
Peru by Mathews, where he states it to bave been obtained 
out of a collection made by Ruiz and Pavon, then existing in 
Lima. It has quite the habit of the species above described, 
but the axils are nearly an inch apart, the leaves in pairs, — 
being 4 in. long, and barely a line in width, they are tomen- — 
tous and fleshy ; the flowers are solitary in each axil, the 
peduncle is only 1 line, and the calyx, deeply cleft into 5 — 


THE FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA. 505 


linear acute segments, is scarcely more than a line in length. 
The tube of the corolla, which is slender below, swells con- 
siderably above. 


ÂLIBREXIA. 


Under this name I propose a new genus for a prostrate 
plant that I found growing upon the rocks in the Caleta of 
Concon in Chile, in the year 1823, where it was constantly 
exposed to the spray of the sea, whence its name, from 
alBpeëë, mare madefacio. It differs from Nolana and Sorema 
by having 10 carpels supported upon a distinctly stipitate 
disc quite free from the calyx, by a more tubular corolla 
with a border cleft to the base into 5 very small rounded 
reflexed lobes as in Dolia, and by its drupes with rounded 
oval nuts umbilicate at base, the perforation not being wholly 
filled up by a woody operculum or strophiole-like process, 
and by the constant adhesion of this process to the testa. 
It differs from Nolana and Alona, in having a somewhat 
. fleshy corolla, with a small 5-lobed border, not one that. is 
broad, deep and campanular. From Dolia it is distinguished 
by its herbaceous, fleshy and prostrate habit, not being suf- 
fruticose with a decidedly woody erect stem: by its stamens 
arising from the base of the corolla, not simply fixed in the 
middle of the tube: by its calyx being cleft nearly to the 
base, by the greater number of its ovaries, by its nuts being 
quite rounded, and narrowed at base to a slight ring around 
the areolar cicatrice. It differs from Aplocarya (a genus 
hardly distinct from Dolia) in the want of the very con- 
spicuous, large, cicatrized base of its drupes, to which a 
portion of the withered receptacle and disc often remains 
attached, in having 10 distinct ovaria, and a more infundi- 
buliform and less hypocrateriform corolla, and by its stamens 
not being exserted. It differs from all others by its ramified 
and stellate, not simply articulate pubescence. As in Doğa 


. and Aplocarya, the tube of the corolla is quite free, both ‘Tom 


the fleshy dise and the calyx, but in Alibrezia it falls off by 
a horizontal line parallel with the Eo leaving i it surrounded = 
VOL. IV. co F + a 


506 CONTRIBUTIONS TO 


by a hollow cup. The following is the outline of its generic 

character. 

ALIBREXIA (gen. nov.)—Calyz persistens, utrinque dense 
tomentosus, 5-partitus, lobis linearibus vel 3-angularibus 
obtusiusculis erectis. Corolla hypogyna, inferne tubulosa, 
superne tubuloso-campanulata, limbo ad basin 5-partito, 
laciniis parvis rotundatis reflexis. Stamina 5, ineequalia, 
inclusa ; filamenta imo tubi orta, basi villosa, hinc subulata 
graciles, inæquales, tubo corolle breviores: anthere basi- 
fixæ, oblongæ, 4 sulcatæ, 2-loculares, longitudinaliter de- 
hiscentes. Discus hypogynus breviter stipitatus, patellifor- 
mis, margine crasso, 5-lobo, 10-crenato, gynobasin centralem 
cingens. Ovaria 10, distincta, circa gynobasin conicam 
biserialiter aggregata, et angulo interno affixa, 1-ovulata. 
Stylus centralis, 5-striatus, longitudine staminum. Stigma 
clavatum, 5-lobum. Drupe (alteris abortivis vel coalitis) 
5-8, distincte, carnosule, demum siccæ; nua ovoideo- 
rotundata, subossea, 1-4 locularis, loculis 1-spermis, basi 
imminuto 1-4-foveolato, fovea operculo semi-clausa. Semen 
solitarium, reniforme, compressum, testa tenui operculo 
persistente affixa. Embryo filiformis, intra albumen carno- 
sum cyclicus, cofyledonibus semiteretibus, radicula ad hilum 
spectante. 

Plante suffruticulose Chilenses, prostrate, succose, in savis 
mare adspersis incole; caulibus ramosis; basi subligneis, 
ramulis succosis; foliis alternis, sub-confertis, lineari-spathu- 
latis, carnosis, velutino-tomentosis, pilis ramoso-articulatis, 
vel stellatis ; floribus parvis, axillaribus, pedunculatis. . 

l. ALIBRExIA rupicola :—prostrata; folis lineari-spathu- 
latis, confertis, tomentosis: floribus solitariis, axillaribus, 
pedunculo calyceque utrinque tomentoso, calycis laciniis 
linearibus, corolla parce pubescenti, violascenti-albida.— 
Chile, ad Concon. 

_ The plant spreads itself in a dense mass upon the surface — — 
of the rock to which it is attached, is frequently washed by. 
the surf, and constantly exposed to the spray of the sea. 
The leaves are small, linear, spathulate, with a rounded apex, 


THE FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA. 507 


fleshy, and covered on both sides with dense, short, dark grey 
tomentum : they are about 8 lines long, and barely a line in 
width: they are attached to the stem by a small glabrous 
pulvinate gland : the peduncle is slender, half an inch long; 
the calyx is 2 lines long, cleft nearly to the base, with narrow 
linear segments tapering upwards, it is tomentous both 
within and without. "The corolla is barely half an inch long, 
slender within the calyx, it swells above in a somewhat 
campanular form, is of a pale lilac colour, somewhat fleshy, 
and slightly pubescent outside; the border is narrow, and 
divided to its base into 5 short, rounded, reflected lobes, 
having at the apex a minute toothlet: the stamens are 
wholly included, and are somewhat unequal in length, the 
filaments slender, tapering, and glabrous, arise out of dense 
hairy tufts in the base of the corolla. "The disc is distinctly 
stipitate, cup-shaped, and quite free both from the corolla 
and calyx, its border nearly erect, is formed of 5 confluent 
lobes, with a margin divided into 10 distinct crenatures ; the 
gynobase arises in a conical form within the centre of this 
cup, the intermediate cavity being filled by the carpels which 
are arranged in 2 series, and are attached by a ventral, and 
almost basal point to the gynobase: from the centre of this 
arises the style, which is columnar, 5-grooved, glabrous, and 
surmounted by a 5-lobed, hollow, clavate stigma. The 
drupes are small and fleshy, enclosing an ovoid rounded nut, 
which is of a more woody texture than most of its congeners: 
this is usually 1-celled, sometimes 2-celled, the base of each 
cell being marked by an areolar cicatrix, which is partly 
hollow, the bottom of the cavity being filled up by the stro- 
phiole-like process that remains attached to the testa of the 
ineluded seed. The testa, smooth, somewhat membrana- 
ceous, and of reticular texture, encloses the albumen, which 
is fleshy, and not very copious: in this is imbedded the fili- 
form embryo, whose semiterete cotyledons are bent round in 
a nearly circular form, while the terete radicle, which is. -only 
slightly curved, and somewhat thickened towards its extre- 
pec 2 venit 


508 CONTRIBUTIONS TO 


mity, terminates at a point close to the attachment of the 

process before mentioned.* 

2. ALIBREXIA tomentosa. Alona tomentosa, Lindl. Bot. Reg. 
1844, sub. tab. 46.—prostrata: foliis lineari-oblongis, spa- 
thulatis, confertis, incano-tomentosis; floribus solitariis, 
calyce tomento aurantiaco utrinque vestito, laciniis 3-an- 
gularibus, erectis, corolla pubescenti, alba.—Chile, Valpa- 
raiso.—(v. s. in herb. Hooker. Cuming, m. 121. 241. 
Bridges, n. 481. 328.) 

This species also grows on maritime rocks, and is distin- 
guished by its longer, broader (in proportion to their length) 
and more incanous leaves, by its corolla not quite so fleshy 
and whiter. 'The leaves are sometimes 13 lines long, and 
nearly 2 lines broad, densely covered with short white branch- 
ing almost stellate hairs, the base of the petiole is enlarged, 
and adheres to the stem by a concave pulvinate gland, which 
is almost glabrous, and much more conspicuous than in the 
last mentioned species: the calyx is covered, within and 
without, by a dense orange coloured tomentum, and its 
lobes are broader and more triangular. 

3. ALIBREXIA ? revoluta. Nolana revoluta R. & P. 2. 8. 
tab. 113. (male depicta). Alona revoluta Lindl. Bot. Mag. 
1844, p. 46.— prostrata, incana, stellato-tomentosa, ramulis 
plurimis succosis; foliis geminis, lanceolatis, spathulatis, 
carnosulis, margine revolutis; floribus solitariis, axillari- 

- bus, cæruleis.—Peruvia, v. s. in herb. Hooker: locis maritimis 
Lurin, Mathews, n. 836—837. Cuming, n. 1068. 

This plant grows on the sandy beach at Lurin in. the 
harbour of Callao, and also in the province of Camana, 
whence it was sent to Ruiz and Pavon by Tafalla, together 
with the drawing above cited, which affords a very imperfect 
representation of the flower: it is quite prostrate, with many 
short, slender, radiant branchlets which are woody towards 
the base, fleshy towards the extremity : the leaves are about 
1 or 1} inch long, and about two lines broad, the peduncle is 

* A representation of this plant with full details is shown in Plate 12 
of the Illustrations of South American Plants, | : se 


THE FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA. 509 


about 4 in. long; the calyx is campanular about 4 lines long 
with 5 equal, 3-angular lobes; the corolla is tubular below, 
somewhat swollen at base around the disc, above it swells 
into a somewhat campanular form, with 5 short revolute 
lobes, it is about an inch long, of a bluish violet colour, 
pubescent and apparently not marked with the radiate 
nervures so conspicuous in Nolana and Sorema. "The con- 
tracted portion of the tube of the corolla is pubescent within, 
whence the stamens arise, the filaments are dilated, tapering 
upwards, smooth, and unequal, the anthers are oval, bluish, 
and included within the mouth : the style is of equal length. 
The disc has a 10-lobed border, and supports 8 to 12 ovaria. 
The drupes are fleshy, and vary in size. I found in one case 
five nuts, each 3-celled, and seven 1-celled—in all twelve 
nuts with 22 cells: in another instance, I observed three 
nuts each 4-celled, two 3-celled, one 2-celled, and two 
l-celled, in all eight nuts with 22 cells. The whole plant 
is densely covered with short greyish tomentum, the hairs of 
which, when magnified, appear sometimes articulate, but 
most generally stellate and stipitate, a form of pubescence 
peculiar to this genus. I confess, however, that I feel some 
hesitation in referring this plant here, as its corolla more 
nearly approaches that of Sorema and Alona in size and 
colour, but in its general aspect, peculiar habit, the size and 
shape of its leaves densely covered with remarkable tomen- 
tum, as wellas in the form of its nuts, it greatly resembles 
the two preceding species. 


GRABOWSKYA. 


This genus was founded by Prof. Schlechtendahl (Linn. 7. 
72) upon the Ehretia halimifolia of L'Heretier (Stirp. p. 45. 
tab. 23). By Linnæus and succeeding Botanists, it was as- 
signed to Lycium, without doubt on account of the similarity 
of its flowers and habit to that genus. Schlechtendahl, for 
the same reasons, preserved his new genus Grabowskya 
among Solanacee, but Nees von Esenbeck restored it to 
Ehreliacee, because of its unilocular 4-celled. ovarium, be- 


510 CONTRIBUTIONS TO 


coming a nut, a character much at variance with the bilocular 
ovarium with its many seeded placentation on the dissepi- 
ment, which is the constant attribute of Solanacee. Dr. 
Arnott (Linn. 11. 484) who added 2 new species, supported 
the views of Schlechtendahl in assigning it a place among 
Solanacee, on account of its curved embryo, a view also 
maintained by Doctor Lindley, who figured a species in the 
Botanical Register tab. 1985, under the name of G. Boer- 
haavifolium, which I have designated under that of G. Lindley. 
Finally, however, Prof. Endlicher in his Genera Plantarum, 
No. 3745 has again placed it in the albuminous section of 
Ehretiacee, a disposition that can hardly be supported, when 
it is remembered that these have an embryo, either straight, 
or but slightly curved, broad foliaceous cotyledons, and a 
small superior radicle, and that they all possess moreover 
a totally dissimilar habit; Grabowskya, on the other hand, 
has a long, slender, filamentous, and cyclical embryo, with 
semiterete cotyledons, as long as, and even more slender than 
the radicle, which points to the base. My own observations 
lead me to differ somewhat from the views of these distin- 
guished Botanists, and to consider it, as stated in p. 367, rather 
as forming a subtribe of Nolanaceæ, the reasons for which 
will presently be shown. 

Having examined both G. duplicata and G. obtusa in my 
last journey across the Cordillera in 1825, I offer the follow- 
ing as an amended character of this genus. 

GnaBOowskYA Schlect.—Ca/yz parvus campanulatus, nune 
5-partitus, nunc subinteger, margine mucronibus 5 subu- 
latis extus instructus. Corolla hypogyna, infundibulifor- 
mis, limbo 5-partito, laciniis patenti-reflexis, æstivatione 
imbricatis. Stamina 5, prope corolle basin inserta, exserta, 
filamentis gracilibus, basi villosis, antheris ovatis, bilobis, 
basi divaricatis, dorso affixis, longitudine dehiscentibus. 
Ovaria 2, adnata, e disco carnoso orta, obovata, singulo 
2-loculare, ovulis in loculis solitariis, erectis, angulo interno 
basali affixis; Stylus simplex. Stigma clavatum, com- 
pressum, sub-bilobum. Drupa baccata, calyce parum aucto 


THE FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA. 511 


suffulta, 2-pyrena, pyrenis osseis, 2-locularibus, loculis 1- 
spermis, basi perforatis. Semina oblongo-obovata, com- 
pressa, facie subplana, dorso convexa, testa imo in stro- 
phiolam carnosam aucta, apertura basali pertensa. Embryo 
filiformis, intra albumen carnosam cyclicus, radicula tereti 
ad hilum spectante, subrecta, cotyledonibus semiteretibus, 
arcuatis. 

Frutices Andicoli vel Bonariensis ramosissimi, spinis axilla- 
ribus alternis, Lycii habitu: folia alterna, solitaria, vel 
gemina, aut fasciculata, petiolata : flores pedunculati, soli- 
tarii vel parce racemosi, aut axillis approximatis paniculam 
terminalem simulantes. 

1. Grabowskya Boerhaavifolia Schlect. loc. cit. ^ Ehretia 
halimifolia L?Herit. loc. cit. Lycium Boerhaavifolium, 
Linn. (non Lindl.) Lycium heterophyllum Murray, in 
Comment. Gott. 6. tab. 2.—foliis alternis, petiolatis, utrin- 
que attenuatis, petiolo gracili: panicula corymbosa ter- 
minali ex ultimis turionibus, pedicellis imo bracteatis, 
bractea parva lineari acuta: calyce 5-partito, laciniis 
subulatis, simplicibus, acutis.—Peruvia, v. s. in herb. 
Hooker. 

This character is drawn from the description of L’Heritier, 
which I have compared with a specimen in the herbarium of 
Sir W. Hooker. 

2. Grabowskya duplicata, Arn. loc. cit : Hook. Bot. Mag. tab. 
3841: Ehretia duplicata, Nees ab Esenb.—foliis longe pe- 
tiolatis, orbiculari-obovatis, basi cuneatim attenuatis, apice 
acute ac breviter acuminatis, calyce campanulato, ore 
subintegro, membranaceo, mucronibus 5, subulatis, infra 
marginem extus notato, maturescenti fructu parum aucto, 
tunc dentibus quasi biserialibus, interiori obtuso, exteriori 
subulato crasso, multoties longiori.—Esquina de Medrano, 
Provincie Cordovensis (a Bonaria 400 m. p. intervallo) mihi 
detecta: Bonaria (Gillies et Tweedie). 
This species has been very faithfully delineated by Sir w. 

Hooker as above cited, and is piperis for the peculiar 

form of its calyx. 


519 CONTRIBUTIONS TO 


3. Grabowskya obtusa, Arn. loc. cit: G. Boerhaavifolia 
Schlect. Linn. 7-72. ` Ehretia halimifolia, Nees ab Esenb: 
—foliis breviuscule petiolatis, cuneatis, obovato-oblongis, 
obtusis, calyce 5-partito, laciniis ovalibus, obtusis.—In 
Cordilleris Andium detexi, altitudine 6000 ped. A Men- 
doz desertis retulitque Gillies, altit. 2600 ped.—Verna- 
cule Una del Tigre. 

In the form of its calyx and general appearance, this nearly 
approaches the original species. It is a low growing shrub, 
with very spinous flexuose branches almost denuded of 
leaves, the stems being round, smooth, and pallid: the 
spines generally longer than the internodes are evidently 
young abortive branchlets, for they often bear leaves, and 
most frequently flowers, sometimes lengthening and becoming 
flexuose and prickly: they grow out above the petiolar in- 
sertion of each leaf, and there appears on either side of 
every spine, a young branch, bearing copious alternate leaves ; 
these mostly soon die away, leaving cicatrices on both sides. 
The leaves are alternate, oblong, almost orbicular at the apex, 
where there is a slight mucro, they are cuneate at base, 
terminating in a slender petiole, entire on the margin, and 
of a pallid glaucous green on both sides. The calyx is 
tubular, campanulate, somewhat 5-angled at base, the border 
is divided into 5 short, obtusely angular, erect, very fleshy 
teeth. The corolla is of a lurid white colour, quite glabrous 
outside, the tube is slender at base, gradually swelling above, 
the border is divided into 5 rounded, obovate segments, 
which overlap in æstivation : inside it is smooth at base, but 
from one fourth of its length, where the stamens are inserted, 
to a little below the mouth, it is covered with white woolly 
pubescence. The stamens rise above the mouth half the 
length of the tube, the filaments are slender, glabrous above, 
but in the lower half within the tube, they are very pubes- 
cent: the anthers are divaricate at base, and apiculate at the 
summit. The ovarium is small, obovate, green, smooth, 4- . 
locular, but at a very early period, the existence of 2 distinct 

bilocular carpels is manifested, a single erect ovule arising 


THE FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA. 513 


from the base of each cell. 'The style is erect, simple, some- 
what shorter than the stamens. The stigma is clavate, green, 
with 2 compressed rugose lips. The fruit is a berry with 
very little pulp, inclosing 2 hard obovate nuts, flat within, 
rounded outside, each having at the base 2 distinct aper- 
tures, which on the inner side extend some way upwards, 
outside they are separated by a short spine; in this aperture 
may be seen the strophiole of the seed, by which it receives 
its nourishment from the fleshy support of the nut: the 
testa is of a dark green hue, oblong, compressed, smooth, 
tapering below, exhibiting on the inner flattened side, the 
before-mentioned protuberant prolongation of the testa: the 
endopleura is a very thin membrane covering a hard fleshy 
albumen which encloses the embryo: this is amphitropous 
and filiform ; the radicle which points to the base is terete, 

a little swollen below ; the cotyledons are incumbent, sharply 

curved at their origin, becoming somewhat straight towards 

the extremity which closely approaches the end of the 
radicle. 

4, Grabowskya Lindleyi : G. Boerhaavifolia, Lindl. Bot. Reg. 
tab. 1985 :—parce spinosa, frondosa: foliis ovatis, apice 
acutis, basi in petiolum longum cuneatis : floribus paucis, 
corolla alba, fauci viridi-venosa, limbo subviolacea.—Rio 
Grande, Brazilie meridionalis. (Sellow). 

This appears to be a more bushy, and far less spiny 
species than any of the others, the foliage seems dense, the 
leaves more elliptic, and the purplish flowers few in each 
axil, while in the Peruvian species, with which it has been 
confounded, the flowers are white, and crowded in almost 
terminal corymbs. 

Dr. Walpers (Repert. Bot. Syst. 3. 113) adds 2 other 
species, but there appears no reason for placing the first 
(G. disticha. Meyen.) in this genus, since the fruit is un- 
known, and its characters agree quite as well with Lycium. — 
The other (G. Meyeniana Nees. Atropa spinosa, Meyen.) 
is the plant I have described under the name of Lycioplesium 
Meyenianum (ante p. 332. Iam not acquainted with the 


514 CONTRIBUTIONS TO 


Triguiera of Cav. which may probably belong to this 
tribe. 

The evidence given above, in regard to the carpological 
character of Grabowskya, taken into consideration with what 
I have advanced on a former occasion respecting Nolanacee 
(p. 367), renders it clear that this genus cannot appertain 
either to Borraginee, or to Nolanee, although it is to this 
order that it bears the greatest affinity, its position being 
manifestly between them ; with the tribe Borragee it agrees 
in the gynobasic origin of its ovaria, and in having a fruit 
with 2 bilocular nuts, and in the adhesion of the style to 
the axis of the adnate ovaria, but the form and position of 
the embryo in copious albumen, independent of its glabrous 
and totally different habit, forbids any positive connexion 
with it. On the other hand, the difference between it and 
Nolanee is not great: it agrees with them in the form and 
position of the embryo enveloped in albumen, in its 2-locular 
nuts, which that tribe often possesses, but it differs in the 
small and regular number of its ovaria, which in Nolanee 
are constantly more numerous, always distinct, and never con- 
fluent with the style as in Grabowskya; the estivation of 
the corolla is also deeply plicate in the one, and imbricate 
in the other; it agrees, however, as before shown, both 
with some genera of Borragee, and all Nolanacee, in having 
the cells of its nuts perforated at base, through which a stro- 
phiole subtends that connects the testa immediately with the 
gynobasic disc that supports the ovaria. Upon the whole it 
appears to offer the closest alliance to Nolanacee, which order 
I therefore propose dividing into 2 distinct subtribes, viz :— 


NOLANACEXE. 


1. Grabowskyee. Corolla æstivatione imbricata. Ovaria 2, 
biloculares, stylo unico centrali adnata. Nuces 2, bilo- 
culares, loculis l-spermis, imo perforatis. Semen basi 
strophiolo instructum. Embryo albumine amplo filiformis, 
annulari-arcuatus. 


2. Nolanee. Corolla æstivatione contortu-plicata. Ovaria 


THE FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA, 515 


plurima, stylo unico centrali, distincta. Nuces plurime, 

1-6 loculares, loculis 1-spermis, imo perforatis. Semen 

basi strophiolo vario instructum. Embryo albumine amplo 

filiformis, spiralis. 

Thus it is seen that Grabowskyeæ stand in relation to 
Nolanee, in the same position that Dichondree do to Convol- 
vulee, and although the former, in respect to Solaneæ, are 
placed at the two extreme points of the class Tubuliflore 
Endl., it cannot be denied that these Orders offer many ana- 
logies common to each other, for Grabowskya has quite the 
habit and inflorescence of Lycium, and Nolana is not very 
dissimilar in habit from Physalis, and other Solanaceous 
plants; still the carpological characters of the Nolanacee 
seems so very distinct, verging evidently towards Ehretiacee, 
that there appears to me ample reason for justifying the ar- 
rangement above proposed, which also offers the advantage 
of conciliating the very opposite views of our most distin- 
guished Botanists in regard to these plants. 


(To be continued.) 


Note sur la Fleur des Narcissus, par Louis CAGNAT. 


Sans rechercher à quel verticille elle appartient, les Bota- 
nistes ont appelé couronne, espèce de coupe que présentent 
les fleurs des Narcissus. Cependant il n'est pas seulement 
nécessaire d'indiquer la forme d'un organe, il faut encore 
s'attacher à reconnaitre quelle est sa nature et à quel ordre 
de piéces il doit étrerapporté. C'est ce qu'a fait M. Auguste 
de St. Hilaire pour la partie dont il s'agit; encouragé et aidé 
par lui-méme, je vais hasarder quelques observations sur 
l'opinion qu'il a émise. 

Avant de nous occuper de la couronne des Narcissus, je 
crois qu'il est bon de dire quelque mots sur les verticilles 
floraux de ces plantes et de celles qui sont analogues. L’au- 
teur de la Morphologie végétale pense avec raison que, comme 
chez les vraies Liliacées, les Asparagées, etc. enveloppe 


516 ON THE FLOWERS OF NARCISSUS. 


florale des Narcissus est formée par deux verticilles de trois 
pièces chacun, que les six étamines sont le résultat du dédou- 
blement des six pétales, et que par conséquent il n'y a pas 
dans ces plantes de verticille staminal véritable. 

Quand à la couronne des Narcissus, le méme savant croit 
qu'elle est, comme la premiere enveloppe florale, composée 
de deux verticilles trés-rapprochés et soudés intimement, 
comprenant chacun trois parties; et qu'elle résulte d'une 
multiplication. “En effet,” dit-il, à peu-prés, “la multiplication 
naturelle entraîne nécessairement l'alternance ; or, puisque, 
dans ceux des Narcisses dont la couronne est à six lobes, 
nous voyons ceux-ci alternes avec les six pétales, il est pro- 
bable qu’elle provient d'une multiplication." Il est trés-vrai 
que la multiplication naturelle amène constamment Palter- 
nance, comme le prouve le Magnolia Yulan; mais je ferai 
observer que, dans une fleur où il aurait quatre verticilles 
dont deux résulteraient d'une multiplication naturelle, les 
parties du troisième verticille seraient opposées à celles du 
premier, et les pièces du quatrième au second verticille ; en 
conséquence, si la couronne des Nurcissus était, comme le 
pense M. Aug. de St. Hilaire, composée de deux verticilles 
provenant d’une multiplication naturelle, nous aurions, non 
pas Palternance des lobes de la couronne avec les parties de 
Penveloppe extérieure, comme cela a réellement lieu dans les 
Narcisses à couronne lobée, tel que le Narcissus odorus; 
mais leur opposition. Pour me faire mieux comprendre, je 
vais indiquer par des lignes quelle serait la position respec- 
tive des verticilles de la fleur des Narcissus, dans le cas où 
la couronne serait formée par deux verticilles de trois pièces 
chacun. 

* * * ler, verticille extérieur. 

* $9... emp. verüeille. 
* * * ler. verticille de la couronne opposé au ler. 
. verticille extérieur, alterne avec le second. 
* * * 2ème. verticille de la couronne opposé au 
second verticille extérieur et alterne avec le 
ler. verticille de la couronne. 


ON THE FLOWERS OF NARCISSUS. 517 


On doit sentir que, si la couronne était composée de deux 
verticilles ainsi placés, rapprochés dans un méme cercle et 
soudés ensemble, on ne s'appercevrait plus que de l'opposition, 
puisque les piéces du quatriéme verticille rempliraient les 
espaces compris entre celles du troisieme. Mais nous avons 
en realité comme je l'ai dit une parfaite alternance; done, je 
le repéte, la couronne des Narcissus n'est point le résultat 
d'une multiplication. 

Dans les fleurs doubles, nous trouvons la première enve- 
loppe florale, adhérente à une couronne facile à reconnaître à 
sa forme et à sa couleur; puis nous voyons plusieurs verti- 
cilles dont les pièces soudées seulement par leur bords, 
présentent intérieurement aussi chacun sa couronne, plus ou 
moins bien formée, plus ou moins distincte; et ainsi nous 
avons une alternative d'enveloppes et de couronnes super- 
posées, d’où il est impossible de ne pas conclure que de 
chaque enveloppe dépend une couronne. Enfin au centre de 
la fleur nous remarquons avec plus ou moins de clarté, des 
pétales isolés et des étamines semi-metamorphosées qui ont 
à leur face une petite languette; ce qui achéve de démontrer 
Vintime rélation des Seo Dg florales avec la couronne; 
et par conséquent celle-ci ne résulte point d'une itle Món: 
tion, mais d'un dédoublement. 

Ce que a dû nécessairement me confirmer dans cette 
opinion, c'est que j'ai trouvé une fleur simple de Narcissus 
dans laquelle il n'y avait de complet que le verticille inté- 


rieur formé de trois piéces ayant une couronne à trois lobes ; 


tandis que du verticille extérieur, il n'était resté qu'un pétale 
complètement isolé, parfaitement libre depuis Povaire, et qui 
_ présentait au sommet de son onglet, une languette ayant la 
méme consistance, la méme couleur que la couronne du ver- 
ticille intérieur et parfaitement analogue à celle des pétales 


isolées que l'on voit dans les fleurs doubles. Il est impos- 


sible, ce me semble, de ne pas sentir l'intime rélation de 


* 


cette languette avec le pétale qui la supporte, et par. consé- | 
quentla couronne, comme je l'ai dit, ne peut que pus : 


518 ON THE FLOWERS OF NARCISSUS. 


d'un dédoublement petaloide* analogue à celui qui a lieu 
dans les pétales des Nerium et des Silene. 

Mais, peut on objecter, quand ils existent, les lobes de la 
couronne des Narcissus ne sont point opposés mais alternes 
avec les divisions de l'enveloppe florale. Cela doit tenir à ce 
que chaque dédoublement pétaloide, aura été originairement 
divisé en deux lobes commes les pétales du Primula offici- 
nalis, et que chaque lobe se sera intimement soudé avec un 
des deux lobes du dédoublement le plus voisin, comme si 
dans Draba verna, par exemple, où les pétales sont partagés 
en deux divisions, chacune s'unissait intimement avec la 
division contigue du pétale le plus rapproché. 

Il y a plus; enveloppe florale des Narcissus étant formée 
par deux verticilles soudés Pun avec Pautre, les lobes que 
présente la couronne doivent appartenir par moitié aux 
deux verticilles ; une moitié d'un lobe doit appartenir au 
dédoublement pétaloide du verticille extérieur, et l'autre 


moitié au dédoublement du verticille intérieur. C'est ainsi. 


que l'androphore en apparence simple des Oxalis appartient 
a deux verticilles; ou si Pon veut, c'est ainsi que les piéces 
du calice quinquncial des CEillets véritablement en spirale, 
sont cependant soudées à leur base en seul tube. 


* L'idée dela théorie du dédoublement congue par M. Dunal, a été 
publiée par M. Moquin trés-jeune encore; longuement développée par 
moi dans la “ Morphologie végétale;" et confirmée récemment par M A. 
de Jussieu. Quand, àla place où symmétriquement nous ne devons avoir 
qu'un organe, il s'en trouve plusieurs, nous devons dire qu'il y a dédou- 
blement. La multiplication repéte les verticilles et entraine l'alternance, 
le dédoublement repéte l'organe isolé. Dans une fleur compléte, l'opposi- 
tion est toujours le résultat du dédoublement. Je vais donner un exemple 
du dédoublement. Chez les Samolus, après la corolle alterne avec le 
calice, nous trouvons un verticille de filets stériles alternes avec la corolle ; 
c’est là le véritable verticille staminal réduit aux filets; quand aux éta- 
mines que nous trouvons opposées aux piéces de la corolle, elles en sont 
le dédoublement. Ce peu de mots sufüra pour répondre à ce que dit 


sur ce sujet le savant auteur d'un Mémoire sur les Primulacées. —Note de 
M. Auguste de St. Hilaire, 


x me 


AR, Gi Sea 


NEW GENUS OF DIOSMEÆ. 519 


Description d'un nouveau genre de la famille des DiosMées, 
par J. E. Puancuon, docteur-ès-sciences. 


(Tas. XVII. XVIII.) 


RABELAISIA. 


Cuar. GEN. Flores dioici. Masc. Calyz tripartitus, laciniis 
ovatis. Petala 3, calyce duplo longiora, ejusdem laciniis 
alterna, æstivatione erecto-conniventia, marginibus basi 
invicem-incumbentibus, apice valvatis cum acuminulo in- 
flexo, sub anthesi extus revolutis. Stamina 3, petalis 
alterna, filamentis brevibus sub corpusculo globuliformi 
insertis, antheris globosis, loculis longitudinaliter hiantibus. 
Fam. Calyx, corolla maris, sed sub fructu observati; 
stamina 3, effœta? Ovarium.... Capsula tricocca, coc- 
cis circa columellam inferne coalitis, lateribus compressis, 
introrsum et apice truncato dehiscentibus ? Semen unicum, 
sub apice loculi suspensum in specimine immaturum. 

Frutices (?) Archipelagi Malayani, ramulis trigonis, innova- 
tionibus,  inflorescentia, fuliorumque petiolis furfuraceo- 
lepidotis. Folia alterna, exstipulata, membranacea, crebre 
pellucido-punctata, obovato-oblonga, margine subundulata, 
basi cuneata, cum petioli longi apice incrassato subgenicu- 
latim articulata. Flores minuti, masculi in capitula parva 
secus rachin simplicem in racemulos breves congesta glome- 
rati, feminei pauciores secus rachin breviorem in pions 
densa brevissima conferti. 

Sapor foliorum amaricans et calidus. Glandule birimi 
subepidermide prominentes, aliis majoribus cum minutis- 
simis crebrioribus intermixtis. 

l. Rabelaisia Philippinensis; foliis 8-10 pollicaribus basi 
acutis, petiolo apice conspicue incrassato. 

In Insulis Philippin. legit Cuming. (Cuming, exsicc. in herb. 
Hook. n. 1501, 1512 (specim. masc.) et n. 501 (s —— 
, min] Por m 
2. Rabelaisia parvifolia; foliis 25 pics basi atte- 


590 NEW GENUS OF DIOSMEÆ. 


nuata subrotundatis, petiolis gracilibus apice vix sensim 

incrassatis. 

Hab. ad Fretum Bouton. (Vidi specim. foemineum, imper- 
fectum, sed absque dubio precedenti congener, a cl. 
Webb communicatum). 

En consacrant un genre à la mémoire du celèbre auteur de 
Pantagruel, j'ai à peine besoin de rappeler un passage de son 
livre où l'idée burlesque du mot Pantagruelion amène un 
remarquable digression sur l'origine des noms des plantes. 
J'avais songé à rendre à l'ami de Rondelet, cet hommage un peu 
tardif, lorsque Mr. Brown m'à fait remarquer dans la Théorie 
Elémentaire de De Candolle la citation du morceau dont 
jai parlé, et lintention qu'avait Villustre professeur de 
Genéve, de dédier un genre a son auteur. 

: Ce genre appartient évidemment à la famille des Diosmées, 

renfermant les Diosmées propres et les Zanthoxylées de 

plusieurs auteurs. Il paraît être voisin de PÆvodia, genre 
qui a des fleurs polygames et non hermaphrodites, et sur 
lequel j'aurai occasion de revenir dans une revue des groupes 

qui formaientles Rutacées de L. de Jussieu. Je renvoie à 

ce travail dont les matériaux sont déjà préts, la discussion 

des affinités du Rabelaisia et d'autres genres. Je ferai pour- 

. tant observer la ressemblance frappante d'aspect, qu'il pré- 

sente avec le Soulamea (Cardiophora ! Benth.), genre qu'on a 

regardé jusqu'ici comme une Polygalée anomale, mais qui 

doit former avec le Brucea et l Ailanthus une section de 

Pordre des Simaroubées. 

Parmi les Euphorbiacées douteuses du Genera d" Endlicher, 
se trouve un genre Lunasia de Blanco, qui pourrait bien étre 
identique avec le Rabelaisia. Cependant sur des données in- 
complètes et incertaines, je n'ai pas cru devoir introduire 
dans la science un nom qui porterait toujours un doute et 
, peut-étre une erreur. 

Explicat. des fig. PL XVII. XVIII. Rabelaisia Phi- 
lippinensis. Fig. 1. capitule de fleurs mâles grossi. 2. une 
fleur mále à peine ouverte. 3. La méme étalée comme elle 
setrouve au temps de l'anthése. 4. un fragment de l'épi 


ALGÆ NOVA ZELANDIÆ. 5921 


fructifére. 5. un fruit. 6. coupe verticale d'un dès car- 
pelles. Ces trois dernières figures sont de grandeur natu- 
relle. 


Aucm Nova ZELANDLE; being a Catalogue of all the 
species of ÂLGæ yet recorded as inhabiting the shores 
of New ZEALAND, with characters and brief descriptions 
of the new species discovered during the Voyage of H. M. 
discovery ships * EnEBUS" and “ TERROR,” and of others 
communicated to Sir W. Hooker by Dr. Sincuatr, the 
Rev. W. Cocenso, and M. Raouz. By Dr. HOOKER, 
and W, H. Harvey, Esa. 


(In Mr. Allan Cunningham’s “Specimen of the Botany of 
New Zealand,” published in the ** Companion to Curtis’s Bot. 
Magazine," a list of forty-seven Alge is given, comprising all 
that was known up to the year 1836 of the Marine Botany 
of the Islands of New Zealand. M. Montagne has recently 
described twelve additional species in the Botany of the 
French Polar Voyage, and we have now to add sixty-five 
others, making the whole number recorded one hundred and 
twenty-four, which can scarcely be more than one fourth, at 
the very most, of the Alge which probably inhabit the 
extensive coasts of New Zealand. The new species now 
described were chiefly collected by the officers of the 
Antarctic expedition. To these we have added a few, com- 
municated to Sir W. J. Hooker by Dr. Sinclair and the - 
Rev. W. Colenso, and an interesting fasciculus of Alge col- 
lected by M. Raoul, and liberally placed in our hands for 
publication by the Directors of the Paris Museum. We 
regret that we have not been able to procure a set of Mr. 
Stephenson's Alge, an examination of which would in all | 


probability have added somewhat to our number. In the - - 


following list we have marked with an asterisk (*) ! those = 
which we have as yet seen no New Zealand s a E 
|. With a cross (t) those that are altogether unknown to us.) 

Yon, fv. | ea 


522 ALGÆ NOVÆ ZELANDIÆ. 


FucorpEex. 


1. *Sargassum vulgare. : Ag. Fucus natans, Turn. f. 46. 

Has. New Zealand, Sir Joseph Banks, Lesson. 

2. Sargassum bacciferum, Ag. S. Atlanticum, Bory. Fucus 
bacciferus, Turn. t. 47. 

Has. New Zealand, D'Urville, Lesson, Sinclair. 

3. TSargassum granuliferum, Ag. Ic. Alg. t. 11. 

Has. Cook's Straits. D'Urville. 

4. tSargassum droserifolium, Bory, in Duperr. Voy. p. 129. 

Has. New Zealand, Lesson. 

5. Sargassum Sinelairii, nobis; caule basi semiterete apicem 
versus compresso obtusangulo filiformi, foliis lanceolatis 
basi attenuatis tenuibus nervo evanescente, inferioribus 
majoribus inciso-dentatis, superioribus remote dentatis sub- 
integerrimisve, vesiculis paucis breve petiolatis foliiferis, 
receptaculis brevissimis axillaribus foliolo minuto subtensis 
parum diyisis lobis levibus turbinatis apice abrupte 3-4 
cornutis. 

Has. Bay of Islands, Sinclair, Lyall, &c. 

Nearly related to S. incisefolium, from which it differs in 
the semiterete obtusely angled stem, and in the shape of the 
receptacles; and to S. /acerifolium, from which it is also dis- 
tinguished by the stem, and by the much less deeply divided 
leaves. Like both those species, the present is remarkable. 
for having a single very large leaf, sometimes 3-4 inches long, 
at the base of the branches. This leaf is always more in- 
dented than the rest. 

6. Sargassum scabridum, nobis ; caule. angulato muricato, 
foliis oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis tenuibus dentatis su- 
perioribus angustissimis nervo attingente valido, vesiculis 

_ petiolatis. globosis. levibus. muticis (an semper ?) sparsis, — — 

receptaculis lanceolatis. levibus. racemosis pedicellatis, — 

racemis axillaribus folio brevioribus. ^ 


ue Has. Bay of Islands. 


: Our specimens of this plant are few and less. perfect. ha S. 
0o y could wish, but. the species. appears. sufficiently ci charac- . 


ALGÆ NOVAE ZELANDIÆ. 523 


terised by the muricated stem, a peculiarity which it shares 

with S. linifolium and S. onustum, from both which it is, in 

other respects, very different. 

7. *Sargassum longifolium, Ag. Fucus longifolius, Turn. t. 104. 

Has. New Zealand, Sir Joseph Banks, D'Urville. 

8. tSargassum duplicatum, Bory, in Duperr. p. 127. 

Has. New Zealand, Lesson. 

Is not this a synonym of S. cristefolium, Ag.? a plant of 
which we have excellent specimens from the Mauritius. 

9. Sargassum plumosum, A. Rich. Sert. Astrolab. p. 136. S. 
capillifolium, A. Rich. Fl. Nov. Zel. t. 5. and S. pennigerum, 
A. Rich. 1. c. t. 6. 

Has. Howa. Howa Bay, D'Urville. Bay of Islands, abun- 
dant, Sinclair, Lyall, Hooker, &c. 

Of M. Richard's variety capillifolium, which he at first 
published as a distinct species, we have received but few and 
very imperfect specimens; of his var. pennigerum, on the 
contrary, our series is extensive, and were it not for the high 
authority of the French Naturalist, and the seemingly con- 
vincing data on which he founds his observation, we should 
certainly never have supposed these two varieties to belong 
to one species. Our very numerous specimens of the variety 
pennigerum present no intermediate types of form with the 
var. capillifolium, and only differ one from another in being 
more or less branched. Some, like those described by M. 
Richard, have long simple stems, set with deeply pinnatifid 
leaves ; others, in an older state, are bipinnate, their pinna 
issuing from the axils of the primary leaves, and furnished 
like the stem or main rachis with leaves neither more nor less 
compound than those of the first set. From the axils of 
these secondary leaves spring fruit-bearing ramuli, or, in old 
specimens, a third series of pinnæ similar to the second, and 


law. 
10. Sargassum Raoulii, nobis ; 5 NIS Hee 


so the plant continues to branch after a perfectly uniforme. = 


594 ALGH NOVA ZELANDIA. 


tomis laciniis angustissimis plano-compressis enerviis, 

vesiculis sphæricis muticis ad basin folii solitariis petio- 

latis, petiolo filiformi compresso, receptaculis levibus cy- 
lindraceis racemosis, pedicellis sepe furcatis. 
Has. Akaroa, M. Raoul. (Also a native of Tasmania.) 

Stem 2 feet or more in length, half a line in width and 
preserving nearly an equal breadth throughout our speci- 
mens, quite smooth, compressed, angularly bent at intervals 
of about an inch ; the branches issuing from the angles, quite 
distichous, zigzag like the stem and emitting from their 
angles a second series of branches, or filiform dichoto- 
mously divided leaves or ramuli. Leaves resembling the 
branches, but smaller, multifid, the segments very slender, 
flat, without midrib. Vesicles generally solitary, either at the 
base of a leaf, or in the interval between two leaves, globose, 
2-4 lines in diameter, muticous, on rather long, compressed pe- 
tioles. This species is allied to S. piluliferum and S. Desfon- 
tainesii, from the first of which its nerveless leaves distinguish 
it, and the nature of the stem from the latter. M. Raoul’s _ 
specimens are the only individuals from New Zealand which — 
| we have seen, and they are not in fruit, but we have thesame ` 
plant from two stations in Tasmania, and have added the 
character of the fruit from one of these. On one of the © 
Tasmanian individuals, the leaves are furnished with distant, — 
prominent warts, pierced by a pore, and containing a tuft of — 
byssoid muciferous fibres. These at first sight may be taken | : 
for the fructification, which is in fact very different. The - 
position of the receptacles is subterminal, and thus there isa 
transition in character to Blossevillea, which renders the dis- 
tinction between that genus and Sargassum very trifling 
- indeed. 
be +Sargassum compactum, Bory, in Duperr. Voy. p. 127. 
Has. New Zealand, Lesson. : 

. 12. +Marginaria Gigas, A. Rich. FI. Nov. Zel. Lt Sargas- ; 
_sum Lessonianum, ib. Sert. Astrolab. p. 137. 
Has. Kaua Kaua Bay, Lesson. 


| r3 13 ns Urvilliana, = Rich, i, c. L 3, 


ALGÆ NOVÆ ZELANDLE. 595 


Has. Kaua Kaua Bay, Lesson. 

14. TMarginaria Boryana, Montag.—Sargassum Boryanum, 
A. Rich. Sert. Astrolab. p. 138. (not S. Boryi, Ag.) 

Has. Shores of New Zealand, D'Urville. 

15. *Turbinaria denudata, Bory. Fucus turbinatus, Turn. 

FF 04. f. be, 

Has. Shores of New Zealand, Sir Joseph Banks, Lesson. 

16. Phyllospora comosa, Ag. in Nov. Act. N. C. XIX. 1. 311. 
t. 98. f. 11. Fucus comosus, Turn. t. 142. Macrocystis 
comosa, Ag. 

Has. Hew Zealand, D'Urville, Hooker. 

17. Phyllospora quercifolia, Harv.—Fucus quercifolius, Turn. 
t. 151. Cystoseira ? quercifolia, Ag. Stephanocystis querci- 
folia, Treviran. in Endl. Suppl. III. p. 31. Platythalia 
quercifolia, Sonder, in Bot. Zeit. 1845. p. 51. 

Has. Bay of Islands, D'Urville, Colenso. 

The fructification of this remarkable species was unknown 
to Turner, who nevertheless was struck with its near affinity 
to F. comosus, the type of Agardh’s genus Phyllospora. The 
frond is probably of great length. Our specimens are all 
imperfect, consisting of branches and broken pieces of the 
stem, from which the habit may be inferred to be similar to 
tbat of F. comosus, namely, a long simple stem furnished with 
lateral, undivided, alternate branches, which bear a second 
and perhaps a third series of similar shorter ones; the last 
series of branches and the apices of the first, equally pro- 
ducing receptacles. "These receptacles are evidently trans- 
formed leaves. They occupy the position of the normal 
leaves, but are much smaller, the leaves being 4-5 inches, the 
receptacles 1-1} in length. The latter are cuneate and entire 
below, sharply serrated above, their upper half densely papil- 
lated on both surfaces with the globose conceptacles, which 


in our specimens contain large, dark olive, undivided spores, - a 


with a wide border. None of our specimens prod 
_ vesicles. : 


18. Carpophyllum PAyllanthus, nobis. C. 


526 ALGÆ NOVAE ZELANDLE. 


Fucus phyllanthus, Turn. t. 206, Sargassum phyllanthum, 

Ag. Fucus flexuosus, Esper. 

Has. Coast of New Zealand, Sir Joseph Banks, D'Urville, 
Sinclair, Lyall, Hooker, &c. 

19. Carpophyllum Maschalocarpus, nobis. C. Maschalocarpum, 
Grev. Sargassum Maschalocarpum, Ag. Fucus Maschalocar- 
pus, Turn. £. 205. 

Has. Coast of New Zealand, Sir Joseph Banks, Sinclair, 
Lyall, Hooker. 

We can by no means agree with M. Richard in uniting 
this species with the preceding. To us they appear to be 
abundantly distinct at all ages, and we have formed this 
opinion from an extensive series of perfect and imperfect 
specimens of both kinds. Turners figure of F. Phyllanthus 
is certainly drawn from a very much battered individual, but 
it is sufficiently like the plant in its perfect state to be recog- 
nised without much difficulty. We have seen many speci- 
mens similar to it, and possess others from more perfect indivi- 
duals where the frond is young and vigorous; but all are 
alike characterised by having the denticulate margin fringed 
with the racemose receptacles along the whole course of the 
leaf-like branches, which resemble in a very striking manner 
the phyllodia of a Phyllanthus (Section Xylophylla) to which 
Turner compares them. These fruit-bearing branches are 
not, as Richard supposes, denuded of leaves, but perfect, and 


indeed the youngest part of the frond.—As to F, Maschalo- 


carpus, Turner’s figure and description are only defective in 
not representing vesicles, which are often absent and were 
wanting on his specimens. Some of ours produce them. 
When present they are solitary, elliptical, large and apiculate, 
or tipped with a leafy point, and they occupy the place of the 
receptacles, namely, the axils of the distichous leaves. But, 
vesicles apart, C. Maschalocarpus is abundantly different from 
C. Phyllanthus. It is a much coarser plant, of a thicker and 
more opake substance ; its clusters of receptacles are densely 
fasciculate, not racemose, and they are invariably placed in 


ALGÆ NOVÆ ZELANDLE. 527 


the axils of marginal leaves, not at the apex of lateral spines. 
It is true that, on battered specimens, the leaves are some- 
times broken off while the receptacles remain, and such spe- 
cimens may have been regarded by the illustrious French 
Naturalist as Turner’s F. Phyllanthus, but it is clear to us 
that M. Richard could not have known the true C. Phyllan- 
thus, or he never would have confounded C. Maschalocarpus 
with it.—We retain Turner's excellent name “ Phyllanthus,” 
although Esper's has slightly the priority of publication, be- 
cause Esper's specimens were derived from Turner, to whom 
in courtesy the right of publication belonged; and because, 
but that they are quoted by Turner, Esper’s figure and des- 
cription would be wholly unintelligible. It is manifest from 
the observations of Turner, under both species, that he de- 
signed the specific names to be retained as substantives, not 
adjectives, as altered by Agardh, and we have therefore re- 
stored the masculine termination. 
20. *Blossevillea refroflexa, Kiitz. Fucus retroflexus, Turn. 
t. 155. 
Has. Kouraki Bay, D'Urville. Akaroa, Hombron. 
21. Blossevillea retorta, Montag. Fucus retortus, Mart. Cys- 
toseira retorta, Ag. 
Has. Akaroa, Hombron, Raoul. 
22. *Blossevillea forulosa, Dhe. Fucus torulosus, Turn. t. 157. 
a ob TEAS a, Ag. d 2 
Has. New Zealand, D’ Urville. 
23, Blossevillea —— Dne. Fucus iere Turn. 
t. 76. T opum 
Has. New Zealand, Sinclair. | 
Possibly a new species; buf our specimens are not in a 
good state, nor with advanced fruit, The ultimate ramuli 
are longer than 'Türner's description and figure represent, 
and perfectly simple. Lon 
24. *Scaberia Agardhii, Grey. Syn. (1830). Castraltia sali- — — 
cornoides, A. Rich. Sert. Astrol. (1834. L = : 
Has. New Zealand, Lesson, CeO E 
This remarkable ic is very ec distr ated along 


528 ALGÆ NOVÆ ZELANDIÆ. 


the southern shores of New Holland, and in Tasmania, in- 

which latter island it abounds; but we have not yet seen 

specimens from New Zealand. 

25. Hormosira Billardieri, Montag. Moniliformia Billardieri, 
Bory. Fucus moniliformis, Labill. t. 262. 

Has. Wangari Bay, D'Urville. Bay of Islands, Lyall, &c. 

26. tHormosira Sieberi, Dne. Moniliformia Sieberi, Bory. 

Has. New Zealand, Lesson. 

27. Splachnidium rugosum, Grev. Fucus rugosus, 'l'urn. t. 185. 

Has. New Zealand, Lesson. Akaroa, Raoul. 

28. Xiphophora Billardieri, Montag. Fucus gladiatus, Labill. 
t. 256. Turn. t. 240. 

Has. Bay of Islands, Sinclair, Lyall, Hooker, Raoul. 

22. Durvillæa wtilis, Bory, in Duperr. Voy. t. 1. 2. 

Has. Shores of New Zealand, D'Urville, &c. 


LAMINARIEZÆ. 


30. TLaminaria pygmea, A. Rich. Sert, Astrolab. p. 139. 
Has. New Zealand, Lesson. 


This, to judge by the description, hardly belongs to the 

present genus. 

31. Capea diruncinata, Montag. Flor. Canar. t. 7. Laminaria 
biruncinata, Bory. L. Cunninghamii, Grev. MS. 

Has. New Zealand, D’Urville, Cunningham, Hooker. 

32. Capea flabelliformis, nobis. Laminaria flabelliformis, A. 
Rich. Fl. Nov. Zeal. t. 1. 2. 

Has. Wangari Bay, D’Urville. Bay of Islands, Hooker. 


33. *Capea radiata, Endl. Fucus radiatus, Turn. f. 134. 
Laminaria radiata, Ag. 


Has. New Zealand, D'Urville. ; 


34. Macrocystis pyrifera, Ag. Fucus pyriferus, Turn. t. 110. 
Han. Coasts of New Zealand, abundantly. 


SPOROCHNOIDEÆ. e 
35. Carpomitra Halyseris, nobis; fronde plana lineari mem- — - 


branacea (demum subcoriacea) tenui costata di-trichotoma 
velsubpinnata disticha, axillis angustis alternis suboppo- __ 


ALGÆ NOVÆ ZELANDLE. 529 


39 sitisve, ramis erectis, apicibus sepissime tridentatis, re- 
ceptaculis conicis. 
Has. Bay of Islands, R. Cunningham, Sinclair, Lyall, Hooker. 
Root conical, densely clothed with stupose fibres. Frond 
8-10 inches long, from 4 to 3, or sometimes nearly 4 an inch 
in width, distichously branched from the base, the lower 
branches generally opposite as are also several of the upper 
ones, the latter more or less unilaterally dichotomous and 
thus alternate, all issuing at a small angle, membranaceous, 
translucent and thin, in age becoming more opake and sub- 
coriaceous, destitute of evident pores, every where furnished 
with a percurrent nerve, which is medial through the 
branches, but as it approaches the axille deviates towards 
the upper margin of the lamina. Apices of the branches 
entire, or very generally three-toothed. Colour when young 
a fine olive, becoming foxy brown in age. Substance tough, 
but soft, very like that of Dictyota dichotoma. Receptacles 
at the apex of the nerve of the frond, generally terminating 
the middle tooth of the three, but sometimes produced by all 
the teeth, conical, rather acute, fleshy, not quite a line in 
length, composed of branching filaments radiating round a 
columnar axis, and bearing spores and antheridia on the same 
filament; the antheridia oblately elliptical, terminating the 
threads, containing coloured matter, and having the three 
joints immediately below them slightly swollen and coloured; 
the spores linear-oblong, seated on short side branches at the 
lower part of the filaments, filled with dense olivaceous 
endochrome.—In habit this plant very strongly resembles 
Halyseris polypodioides, but its structure is dissimilar, and 
the fruit altogether different. In the fruit it entirely 
agrees with Sporochnus Cabrere, Ag., a plant which Kützing 
has, with great propriety, made the type of his genus Car- 
pomitra. 


DicrvomTEx. 


36. Zonaria flava, Ag. Z. Tournefortii, Monte + =: 
Has. Bay of Islands, Lyall. Hooker. > = = 


530 ALGÆ NOVÆ ZELANDIÆ, 


Our specimens are abundantly covered with the larges 
cushion-like blotches of fructification, which are very irre- 
gular in form and size. They do not appear to differ in 
any essential respect from Canary Island specimens also 
before us. 

37. Zonaria Sinclairii, nobis ; cæspitosa, caule gracili filiformi 
flexuoso villoso ramoso, ramis setaceis elongatis in frondes 
pusilas anguste cuneatas fissas basi longe attenuatas 
abeuntibus. 

Has. New Zealand, Dr. Sinclair. 

Root a widely spreading mass of stupose fibres, from 
which rise numerous slender filiform stems 4-5 inches long 
and scarcely thicker than hog's bristle, flesuous, branched, 
and every where clothed with short woolly hairs. The 
branches terminate in very marrow wedge-shaped cloven 
fronds. Colour a greenish-olive. 

38. Dictyota dichotoma, Lam. 

Has. New Zealand, plentiful. Lyall, &c. 

39. Dictyota Kunthii, Grev. Zonaria Kunthii, Ag. Ic. t. 16. 

Has. New Zealand, Sinclair. 


EcrTocARPEX. 


40. Sphacelaria hordeacea, Harv. in Hook. Ic. PI. t. 614. 
Has. Bay of Islands, Sinclair, Colenso, Lyall, Hooker, &c. 
41. Sphacelaria virgata, nobis; scoparia, basi stupposo, cau- 
libus tenuibus, ramis basi sæpe nudis elongatis virgatis — 
simplicibus circumseriptione lineari-lanceolatis, ramulis 
 quadrifanis crebris brevibus pinnatis circumsoriptione - 
obovatis, pinnis creberrimis elongatis erectis simplieibus 
fureatisve vel secunde ramulosis fastigiatis apice sphace- — 

Has. Bay of Islands, Davis, Lyall. 

Stem 8-9 inches long, in the lower part thickish and 
covered with dense woolly hairs, naked above and very 
slender; branches long and simple, setaceous, naked below, 
. Tough with the bases of broken ramuli, densely clothed’ 

.. with quadrifarious branchlets above, which are 4-3 inch 


ALGÆ NOVZ .ZELANDIÆ. 531 


long. Ramuli densely pinnated with long, simple or forked, 

fastigiate, erect pinnule resembling those of S. scoparia. 

42. Sphacelaria funicularis, Montag. Voy. au Pole Sud. t. 14. 
J. 1. Hook. fil. et Harv. in Fl. Antarct. p. 180. 

Has. Akaroa, Hombron. East Coast, Colenso (218.) 

43. Ectocarpus siliculosus, Lyngb. 

Has. Bay of Islands, Hooker. 


CHORDARIEX. 


SCYTOTHAMNUS, Nov. Gen. 


Frons fruticosa, compressa v. cylindracea, vage ramosissima, 
cartilagineo-coriacea, e filis crassis longitudinalibus maxime 
intricatis flexuosis difformibus coloratis juxta peripheriam 
. in fila radiantia horizontalia moniliformia dichotoma abeun- 
tibus formata. Ufriculi oblongi, inter fila periphericalia ni- 
dulantes, apicales. 

44. Scytothamnus australis, nobis. Chordaria australis, Ag! 
in Linnea XV. p. A7. 
Has. On rocks in the Bay of Islands, very abundant. 

Root an expanded disk. Fronds tufted, 4-10 inches long, 
excessively branched and bushy, with the habit and substance 
of a Cystoseira, but a totally different structure, solid or 
hollow according to age; the lower part of the stem often 
almost woody, compressed or terete, coriaceous, opake. 
Under a lens the structure is very beautiful; the axis con- 
sists of longitudinal long-jointed anastomosing filaments 
coloured with a brown endochrome, closely packed together 
and somewhat parallel; the periphery of dichotomous moni- 
liform horizontal filaments radiating from the outer ones of 
the axis, their joints containing a dark brown mass, and 
about equal in length and breadth. "There is no prolonga- 


tion of the seen. beyond the surface of the frond, as in — : 
Mesogloia and Chordaria, but the threads of the periphery | 2 E 


end abruptly in the epidermis, andare as closely gig, jo 


. ther as those of a Gigartina.—A very curious plant, whi 
We have ascertained by an interchange of. ipecim ins to. 


532 ALGÆ NOVÆ ZELANDLE. 


the Chordaria australis of J. Agardh, who is now inclined, 
with us, to regard it as the type of a new genus, allied to 
Chordaria and Mesogloia. Our friend, M. Montagne, on the 
contrary, considers it one of the Floride, allied to Grateloupia, 
an opinion from which, for many reasons, we are compelled 
to dissent. 


RuopoMELEx. 


Epineuron, Harv. in Herb.* 


Frons plana, membranacea vel cornea, linearis, costata, 
distiche ramosa vel e disco prolifera, vage reticulata. 
Cellule interiores magne, polyhedræ, transversim ordi- 
nate; exteriores pluriseriate, pusille, colorate, irregu- 
lares. Stichidia semper e nervo enata, lanceolata, involuta, 
duplici serie sphærosporas foventia. Ceramidia....— 
Algæ frondose v. foliose fusco-rubre, sepe ad marginem 
dentate ciliateve. 

45, TEpineuron lineatum, nobis. Fucus lineatus, Turn. t. 201. 
(non Amansia multifida, Lam.) 

Has. New Zealand, Sir Joseph Banks. = 
An attentive perusal of Turner’s characters of his Fucus 

lineatus has convinced us that it must be something very 

different from Amansia multifida, to which Agardh unites it. 

The description has so much in common with the following 

species, which does not however answer to the figure, that 

we venture to refer the Banksian speciss to the present 
genus. 

46. Epineuron Colensoi, nobis; front litieari ét 
obsolete costata badia transversim striata siccitate rigida 
vage pinnatim bi-tripinnatimve ramosa, pinnis pinnulisque 
longissimis simplicissimis erectis inciso-serratis, serraturis 
(laciniisve) alternis erecto-patentibus subulatis acutis, 


* To this genus also belong Fucus fraxinifolius, Turn.; (E, fraxinifolium, — 
Harv.) and probably F. confertus, Turn. It differs from Dictymenia essen- — 
tially in the position of the fructification, and in habit. I have another 
unpublished species (E. Backhousii) from the Swan River.—W, H, H. 


ALGZ NOVÆ ZELANDIÆ. 533 


stichidiis nervum creberrime vestientibus filiformibus in- 

curvo-hamatis simplicibus. 

Han. East Coast, Mr. Colenso. Bay of Islands, Lyall. 

Our specimens, apparently broken, are 5-6 inches in 
length, and not aline in breadth. The main stem, from loss 
of membrane and thickening of midrib, is narrower than the 
branches. It is irregularly divided at a few long intervals 
into principal branches, which are bare of ramuli in their 
lower part, but closely pinnated and sometimes bipinnated 
above, the pinne very erect. Every part of the frond is 
regularly inciso-serrate, the serratures being from 4 a line to 
nearly a line in length, and about as much asunder, alternate, 
subulate, acute. The midrib, which is evident below, be- 
' comes very faint upwards, and is gradually lost in the 
younger portions of the frond. The colour of our specimens 
is a dark reddish brown, fading to white on macera- 
tion. The substance is rigid, thickish, and it does not 
adhere to paper. Under a lens of lower power, the frond 
appears closely striate transversely, owing to the arrange- 
ment of the cellules in the interior of the frond; under a 
higher power this character is lost, as the cells of the peri- 
phery, which are small and more opake, obstruct the view. 
The stichidia are produced in great abundance along the 
midrib, which eventually they completely cover. Our plant 
is much less branched than Turner’s F. lineatus, with longer 
and straighter branches, a more rigid and thicker substance, 
and a different colour. 
_ 47. *Rhodomela pinastroides, Ag. Fucus pnt quem E 

#11. 

Has. New Zealand, Sir Joseph Banks. 

No one has gathered this species at New Zealand since 
the time of Banks, whose specimen is vouched for by Turner. 
We earnestly hope some of our friends at New Zealand may 
re-discover it. Le 
48. Rhodomela Mallardie,* Harv.; siccitate nigi; caule | 


F MT ks N with this plant was from beautiful liam 


584 ALGÆ NOVÆ ZELANDIÆ. 


elongato cartilagineo filiformi crassiuseulo inarticulato pin- 

natim bipinnatimve ramoso, ramis simplicibus densissime 

ramulis velatis, ramulis brevissimis obsolete articulatis 
striatis dichotome multifidis quadrifariis patentibus. 

Has.: East Coast, Colenso. 

Frond 6-8 inches long, as thick as pack-thread, branched 
with greater or less regularity in an alternate pinnate manner, 
the branches often again producing a set similar to them- 
selves.. The lower part of the stem and the bases of the 
larger branches are naked and smooth, while all their upper 
portions:and the branches are densely covered with short 
ramuli, which give the plant the habit of Cladostephus 
spongiosus. Ramuli a line long, rigid, horizontally patent, 
irregularly dichotomous with patent axils, fastigiate, the 
apices acute, imperfectly jointed, the dissepiments opake. 
Joints as long as broad, with few striæ, Colour when dry in- 
tense black. Ceramidia (on Mrs. Mallard’s specimens) ovate- 
urceolate, with a slender protruding mouth, sessile on the 
ramuli, which are then thicker and less divided than usual. 
Tetraspores immersed in the scarcely distorted uppermost 
divisions of the ramuli, in a single row.—The habit of this 
species is very similar to that of R. Larix and R. floccosa. 
There is also a resemblance to Polysiphonia glomerata, but 
the structure is different. 

49. Rhodomela? spinella, nobis; pusilla, cartilaginea, rigida, 
densissime cæspitosa, intricata, vage ramosa; ramis elonga- E 
tis patentissimis divaricatisve simplicibus furcatisve, ramu- - 

lis: spinzeformibus: subulatis acutis horizontalibus undique _ 

emissis, tetrasporis i in ramorum €! peripheria. nidu- 4 

lantibus sparsis. aa 
found by Mrs. Mallard at Port Philip, on the same occasion that she à 
gathered the wonderful Thuretia quercifolia in such unexampled perfection. _ 

Mrs. Mallard's specimens are larger and more branching than Mr. 

.. Colenso's, and not so coarse in the stem or so shaggy in the ramuli, but — . 
we cannot find a good specific character to separate the Port Philip from — 
the New Zealand plant, and the discrepancies in question are probably 


owing to climate, or to local IHR mena e. as Sed of exposure : zd 
= to rough water, &c.—W: H, H. : 


Pan EE 


ALGÆ NOVÆ ZELANDLE. 535 


Has. East Coast, Colenso. Bay of Islands, Hooker. 

Fronds + inch to 1 inch in height, setaceous, densely 
matted together in broad tufts, much and irregularly 
branched, rigid, brownish-red, turning black in drying; 
branches very patent, simple or forked, as long as the height 
of the frond, and more or less furnished. with patent spine- 
like ramuli, which issue at right angles and are frequently 
secund.  Teíraspores scattered over the branches, immersed 
in the periphery. Structure : a large central tube surrounded 
by several concentric rows of endochromatic cells or tubes, 
which gradually become smaller outwards.—This species so 
closely approaches in appearance the West Indian Gigartina 
spinella, that it can scarcely be distinguished except by its 
darker colour, until a section of. the stem reveals its different: 
structure. It also strongly resembles Gelid. corneum var. 
crinale, but. may be known at once by its acute ramuli. 
The structure is decidedly that of the family Rhodomelee, 
and not far different from that of R. scorpioides, but the 
fruit, so far as it has been observed, is of a very anoma- 
lous nature. It presents the only instance we know of 
among Rhodomela of scattered tetraspores. 

50. Polyzonia incisa, J. Ag. in Linnea XV. p. 24. 

Has. A common parasite on Gelidium lucidum. 

51. Polyzonia adiantiformis, Dne. in Nouv. Ann. Se. Nat. 
XVII. 363 

Has. New Zealand, (Decaisne) _ 

52. Dasya collabens, nobis; caule fruticoso tereti inarticu- 
lato flaccido glabro alterne ramoso, ramis subdistichis 
erecto-patentibus simplicibus. vel iterum. alterne divisis 
fila articulata rosea monosiphonia dichotomadateralia emit- 
tentibus, filis crassis sensim attenuatis acutissimis bis-terve 
furcatis, articulis diametro duplo vix triplo longioribus ad 
genicula subcontractis. 

Has. Akaroa, M. Raoul. c. 
2—4 inches high. Nearly allied to D. Arbuscula,. from os 

which it differs in being of a much more flaccid, gelatinous - 
nature, closely adhering to paper; and also more esse tially 


ae = Ss inches long, setaceous. — Joints evident in all paren 


536 ALGH NOVA ZELANDIÆ. 


in the dichotomous filaments not being equal in diameter 

throughout, but their divisions gradually tapering to a fine 

point. The stem has 5 radiating tubes. 

53. Polysiphonia dendritica, Ag.; prona, ad algas majores ap- 
plicita pusilla disticha bipinnata, caule compresso pinnis 
creberrimis elongatis cum ramulis subulatis alternantibus 
obsesso, pinnis iterum pinnatis, pinnulis subulatis ap- 
proximatis alterne majoribus ramulosis et minoribus sim- 
plicibus, articulis brevissimis pluri-striatis, ceramidis sepe 
obliquis pinnulas terminantibus globoso-urceolatis ostiolo 
prominulo. 

Has. Parasitical on Gelidium lucidum. 

Frond 1 inch to 1 inch in length, lying flat on the surface 
of the Gelidium, and sometimes attached to it by the whole 
length of its main stem, all the branches being free. Agardh 
describes his plant (a native of Brazil) as being “ inordinate — 
ramosa, pinnis simplicibus compositisque intermixtis.” We 
consider this apparent, not real, irregularity of the branching - 
to have arisen from the frond at first being margined with 
subulate teeth which never change their form or size, but 
from whose axils spring secondary branches fringed like the — 


primary with subulate ramuli, and that again, in the axils * 3 


of these ramuli, tertiary branches are formed and so on. In 
this manner there arrives eventually a frond with simple and 
pinnated branches intermixed, and by the occasional non-  — 
development of the latter, irregularly so. This mode of - 
branching is similar to that of Polyzonia. : 


54. Polysiphonia aterrima, nobis; rigidula, atra, caule sulcato - : 


brevissime articulato basi nudo setaceo sursum decompo- 
site ramosissimo sensim attenuato vix dichotomo, ramis 
-alternis secundisve iterum et iterum alterne divisis cir- 
. eumscriptione obovatis, ramulis ultimis subulatis subsim- 
_plicibus distantibus erectis axillis apicibusque acutis, arti- — 
culis omnibus brevissimis 12-siphoniis, ceramidiiis ovato- — - 
globosis obtusissimis sessilibus sparsis. a 
Has. East Coast, Colenso. 


ALGÆ NOVÆ ZELANDLE. 537 


of the frond, very short, composed of beautifully hexagonal 

oblong cells, about 6 in the breadth of the joint, and in- 

ternally formed of about twelve large tubes, each containing 

a separable sac of endochrome, surrounding a small central 

empty tube. Colour when dry very black, and substance 

rigid. 

. 55. Polysiphonia rytiphieoides, nobis; nigro-fusca, caule 
crasso fruticoso virgato tereti sulcato brevissime articulato 
e basi ramosissimo, ramis virgatis erectis decompositis, 
ramulis lateralibus quadrifariis erecto-patentibus sensim 
attenuatis ultimis subulatis sparsis apice fibrillosis, arti- 
culis ramorum 7-siphoniis diametro quadruplo brevio- 
ribus. 

Has. New Zealand, Raoul. 

_ Frond 4-6 inches high, coarse, dark wane. bushy. Joints 

of the stem and branches pellucid, but exceedingly short, so 

that the frond may be said to be closely transversely striate, 

rather than jointed. This species is nearly allied to P. can- 

cellata of Tasmania, but has a different habit and shorter 

joints. 

56. *Polysiphonia bofryocarpa, nobis, in Fl. Antarct. t. 70. 
Rhodomela Gaimardi ? Mont. (not of Agardh.) 

Has. Akaroa, Hombron. 

57. Polysiphonia nigrescens, Ag. 

Has. New Zealand, Raoul. | 
M. Raoul’s specimens are small, but they have all the 

essential characters of this variable species. ee 

58. Polysiphonia Cladostephus,* Mont! Voy. Pole Sud. 


* Since this was prepared for press, Mr. Harvey has received from M. 
Montagne, to whom he communicated a specimen of his P. byssoclados, 
some fragments of the P. Cladostephus of that author, accompanied by the 
following note: “ Admirez la ressemblance de deux choses que je crois 
pourtant différentes! Le fait est qu'en lisant votre diagnose, je présumai 
sur le champ que votre P. byssoclados était identique à mon P. Cladostephus. — 


Maintenant, que j'ai vu la plante, je reste dans le doute. Il est vrai que — ; 


. mes exemplaires sont ceux d’une algue agée. Toutefois en les c E 
. de point en point, on trouve daa ioe ME marquée — la con- C 


VOL. IV. 


538 ALGÆ NOVÆ ZELANDIZA. 


p. 132. t. 14. f. 4.—P. byssoclados, Harv. ! in Hook. Journ. 
3. p. 436. Griffithsia australis, Ag! Bindera Cladostephus, 
Dne! 

Has. New Zealand, Raoul. | 

59. Polysiphonia implexa, nobis; parvula, cæspitosa, basi 
radicans, implexa, frondibus erectis brevibus vage ramosis, 
ramis subalternis patentibus apice ramulos paucos emit- 
tentibus, ramulis subulatis patentibus subsimplicibus, arti- - 
culis 4-siphoniis diametro equalibus v. inferioribus sesqui- 
longioribus. 

Has. New Zealand, Raoul. 

Our specimens are about an inch in height, and seem to 
have formed wide intricate patches on rocks. "The species is 
allied to P. intricata, J. Ag. and several of the same section, 
but cannot be included under any described species known 
to us. 
60. Polysiphonia strictissima, nobis; cæspitosa, atro-rubes- 

cens, frondibus capillaribus membranaceis tenacibus strictis = 

dichotomis, axillis angustissimis, ramis erectis! fere ap- 
pressis, articulis 4-siphoniis inferioribus diametro 6-8-plo, 
superioribus 5-plo, ultimis 14-3-plo longioribus, apicibus - 
fibrillosis. 

Has. New Zealand, Raoul. 

Tufts 4-5 inches long, dense and coarse, dark dull red, 
composed of dichotomous capillary fronds remarkably 
straight and erect. The character attributed to P. stricta 
applies better to this plant than to any specimens of that — 
doubtful species that we have seen. But it would be absurd 
on this account, to refer the present to Dillwyn’s species, - 
which is really very different, and probably only the young of. 
P. fibrata. | 
sistence, la couleur, la longueur des ramules et la longueur des articules de - 
ceux-ci.” We have examined M. Montagne's specimen, and whilst we - 
admit the points of difference pointed out by this acute observer, we fear - 
they are not of sufficient importance to warrant our retaining two species; - 
P. byssoclados, of which we have now some hundred specimens, varying - 


considerably in all these respects... > 


ALGZ NOV ZELANDLE. 539 


61. Polysiphonia microcarpa, nobis; in Hook. Lond. Journ. 
IV. p. 265. 

Has. Akaroa, Raoul. 

62. Bostrychia mixta, nobis; in Hook. Lond. Journ. IV. 
p. 270. 

Has. Bay of Islands, Hooker. 


CoRALLINES. 


63. Jania pistillaris, Mont. Voy. Pole Sud. p. 147. 
Has. Bay of Islands, Homéron, Colenso. 

64. tJania gracilis, Mont. 1. c. 

Has. Akaroa, Hombron. 


LAURENCIES. 


65. Laurencia pinnatifida, Lamx. Fucus pinn. Turn. £. 20. 

Has. New Zealand. 

66. Laurencia obtusa, var. botryoclada, J. Ag.—Laurencia 
botryoides, Bory. 

‘Has. New Zealand, Lyall, &c. 

Sometimes this nearly resembles L. papillosa, Ag. Other 
specimens are scarcely different from the common form of 
L. obtusa, and some again approach the cylindrical variety 
of L. pinnatifida. 

67. *Laurencia Forsteri, Grev. Fucus Forsteri, Turn. t. 77. 
Has. New Zealand, Forster. 
68. *Laurencia papillosa, Grey. Fucus thyrsoideus, Turn. 

f. 19. 

Has. New Zealand, Sir Joseph Banks. 


CLADHYMENIA, Harv. in Herb. 


Frons membranacea, rosea, plana, tenuis, linearis, distiche 
pinnatifida, flaccida, e cellulis magnis polygonis granuli- 
feris superficiem versus minutis composita. Ceramidia 
(in CZ. Lyallii) oblonga, ramuliformia e ramulo inflato 
vix contracto formata, fasciculum granularum foventia. — 
Spherospore (im Cl. Gunnii) minute, oblonge per totam 
frondem sparse, inter cellulas paris nidulantes. — 

RR 2 


540 ALGÆ NOVÆ ZELANDIA. 


— Algæ Australasicæ substantia habituque ad Halymeniam, — 
structura tamen ad Laurenciam affines. Apices ramulorum. 
obtusissime. 
In this group we propose to include, beside the two . 

following species, the Laurencia ? membranacea of Harv. in ; 

Hook. Journ. (Cladhymenia Gunnii, Harv. MS.), although | 

as yet we are only acquainted with the tetraspores of that - 

plant; and although there is a slight discrepancy in the 
structure of its frond, the stratum of minute surface cel- 

lules being nearly obsolete. Still, the habit is so completely - 
similar to that of the following species that we think it may 

with safety be referred to our new genus. The ceramidia, — 
if such they may be called, are certainly the lowest deve- - 
lopment of that organ with which we are acquainted, being - 
no more than slightly inflated ramuli, scarcely shorter than | 
the unmetamorphosed ones, containing at the bottom of the - 
inflated portion a tuft of unequal angular seeds. 

69. Cladhymenia Lyallii, nobis ; radice fibrosa ramosa, fronde - 
angusta nervo obsoletissimo percursa gelatinoso-membra- 
nacea bi-tripinnatifida, laciniis lineari-lanceolatis basi an- 

. gustatis patentibus apicem versus brevioribus, supremis — 
simplicibus, inferioribus elongatis pinnatifidis bipinnatifi- 
disque, ramulis filiformibus obtusis, ceramidiis elliptico- - 
oblongis pedicellatis. : 

Has. Bay of Islands, Lyall. 

Fronds 4-5 inches high, in circumscription broadly del- 
toid, filiform at base, quickly becoming flat, and gradually ; 
acquiring the breadth of one, and in the middle of 2-3 iines, 
and thence tapering to the apex, traversed by an obsolete in- 
ternal nerve like that of certain Plocamia, repeatedly pin- 
 matifid. Pinne tapering at both extremities like the main - 
stem, the lowest bipinnatifid, the middle pinnatifid, the. up- 
permost simple or merely toothed; ultimate ramuli Hine : 
filiform, obtuse. Colour a fine rosy red. 
70. Cladhymenia oblongifolia, nobis; radice bros ramosa, 

fronde latiuscula enervi gelatinoso-membranacea pinna- 

tifida et € laciniis ho m dE Meme 


ALGÆ NOVÆ ZELANDLE. 541 


basi attenuatis subpetiolatis apice obtusissimis subtrun- 

catis, ramulis altimis pusillis cilieeformibus linearibus 

obtusis brevibus alternis, ceramidiis oblongis pedicel- 
latis. 

Has. Paroah Bay, Lyall. (A single specimen.) 

Our specimen is 4 inches long, the stem 3 an inch broad 
in the middle, gradually tapering to the base, and very blunt 
at the apex. The plant probably attains to a much greater 
size. Colour a rosy pink. | 
71. Chylocladia parvula, Grev. 

Has. Akaroa, D'Urville, Raoul. 

72. Chylocladia Nove Zelandie, nobis; stipite brevi cylin- 
draceo mox in frondem lato-linearem ampliato, caule 
(juniori tantum viso) simplici compresso articulato-con- 
stricto, ramis oppositis verticillatisve basi attenuatis, arti- 
culis diametro duplo brevioribus, tetrasporis per ramulos 
sparsis. 

Has. Bay of Islands, parasitical on the base of Sphacelaria 

 hordeacea, Lyall. 

Doubts, chiefly respecting its genus must rest on this 
species till we shall have received more perfect specimens. 
It has something the habit of Champia, and may possibly 
be more correctly placed in that genus. Our largest speci- 
men is 3 inches long, and about a line in breadth, but 
it had only commenced throwing out its lateral branches, 
and we have yet to learn to what extent these are developed. —— 
The whole frond is divided by transverse diaphragms, at 
intervals of about half the diameter, and these are con- 
nected, as in Champia, by numerous rope-like threads. 
There is a slight contraction at the joints. The colour, pro- 
bably iridescent when growing, is a dull greenish suffused 
with pink. : 


DELESSERIE. 


73. Delesseria? t Recon Mont. = ew. Ana. Sc. Nat 
196. t. 5. f. 1. 


542 ALGÆ NOVÆ ZELANDLE. 


Has. Bay of Islands, near high water mark, parasitical : 
on Bostrychia mixta, Gelidium corneum var. crinale, and 3 
Apophlea Sinclairi. | : 
The New Zealand specimens are of much smaller size 

than those from Cayenne, and the cellules composing the 


frond are somewhat differently shaped, whence we had at … 


first considered that they might be regarded as a distinct 

species, having nearly the relation to the first that D. 

ruscifolia has to D. Hypoglossum. But a form, seemingly 

intermediate, found by Professor Bailly at New York, and 
communicated to us by M. Montagne, induces us to agree — 
with this acute observer in regarding our plant as identical | 
with the American species. Mr. Harvey is hardly satisfied 
with the position of this plant in Delesseria, and at one time 
proposed the MS. name Caloglossa for it, but he now fears 

that there are not sufficient data on which to found a 

genus. 

74. *Plocamium Corallorhiza, nobis; Thamnophora Coral- 
lorhiza, Ag. Fucus Corallorhiza, Turn. t. 96. and F. 
cirrhosus, ib. t. 63. 

Has. Dusky Bay, Forster. | 
The variety cirrhosa only has been found at New Zealand, 

and it may possibly prove distinct from the Cape of Good 

Hope plant. No character can, however, be derived from 

the cirrhose prolongations of the branches, which frequently 

occur in P. Cunninghamii and in other species. 3 

75. Plocamium procerum, nobis. Thamnophora procera, J. ` 1 
Ag. in Linn. XV. 10. | AT 

Has. New Zealand, Lyall. : 

16. Plocamium Cunninghamii, nobis; fronde angusta tenui 
nervo obsoleto percursa flabellatim ramosissima subfas- 
tigiata, ramis ramulisque alterne geminis decompositis, 
ramulis erecto-patentibus anguste triangularibus acumi- 
natis ad marginem exteriorem (sæpissime) argute serratis, 
axillis rotundis. Thamnophora Cunninghamii, Grev. in 
Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2. p. 329. 5 


ALGÆ NOVÆ ZELANDLE. 543 


Has. New Zealand, very abundant. R. Cunningham and 
all succeeding voyagers. 

This appears to be the commonest species at New 
Zealand, and yet, though we have examined hundreds of 
specimens we have not seen any in fruit. Fronds 4-6 inches 
high, a line or rather more in breadth. 

77. Plocamium abnorme, nobis; fronde angusta tenui nervo 
obsoleto percursa pinnatim decomposita virgata, pinnis 
pinnulisque alterne geminis sensim angustatis, ultimis 
angusfissimis, ramulis subulatis integerrimis acutis, sti- 
chidiis axillaribus subsolitariis simplicibus furcatisve lan- 
ceolatis, nonnunquam e pinnulis ipsis ultimis transmutatis 
formatis. 

Has. Bay of Islands, Lyall, Hooker. 

Very nearly related to P, angustum (Thamnophora angusta, 
J. Ag), but differing in the fructification, which often 
affords a satisfactory character in this genus. In P. an- 
gustum the stichidia form dense racemose clusters, here they 
are commonly solitary and either simple or once forked ; but 
what is strange, and has suggested the specific name, the 
ultimate pinnules themselves are frequently converted at 
their tips into false stichidia, which bear tetraspores like the 
rest! "The habit resembles P. coccineum, from which the al- 
ternately geminate branching, the position of the fruit and’ the 
substance separate it. 

78. Plocamium penne Lyngb. Fucus coccineus, Turn. 
t. 59. 

Has. New Zealand, Cunningham, Hooker, Lyall. .. 

79. +Plocamium confervaceum, Bory, in Dup. Voy. p. 164. 

Has. New Zealand, Lesson. 

Possibly this scarcely known and ill characterised species 
may be the same as our P. abnorme. 


SPHÆROCOCCOIDEZÆ, 


80. Rhodomenia Hombroniana, Mont. Voy. Pole Sud. p 157. 
t. 1. f. 2. Hook. fil. FI. Antarct. t. 60d 2, die a 
Han, Akaros, Raoul, tee re. 


544. ALGÆ NOVA ZELANDLE. 


81. Rhodomenia variegata, Mont. Halymenia variegata, Bory, 

in Dup. Voy. t. 14. 

Has. Bay of Islands, Lyall. 
82. Rhodomenia lusoria, Grev. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2. 

p. 329. 

Has. East Coast, R, Cunningham. 
83. *Rhodomenia corallina, Grev. Sph. corallinus, Bory, in 

Dup. Voy. p. 175. t. 16. 

Has. New Zealand, Lesson. 
84. Rhodomenia dichotoma ? nobis, in Fl. Antarct. t. 72. f. 1. 
Has. New Zealand, Lyall. 

A very imperfect scrap, possibly belonging to this species. 
85. Rhodomenia Montagneana, nobis; stipite brevi crasso, 

fronde primaria oblongo-cuneata basi attenuata furcata 

simplicive carnoso-membranacea sanguinea madefacta fra- 
gillima frondes secundarias marginales et apicales cuneatas 
basi attenuatas furcatas dichotomasve emittente, coc- 
cidiis hemisphericis prominulis numerosissimis per totam 
frondem sparsis marginatis, tetrasporis minutis oblongis 
zonatim quadripartitis in peripheria nidulantibus. 

Has. Bay of islands, Lyall, Hooker. 

Primary frond 4-8 inches long, frequently broken off at 
the apices and emitting from the truncate extremity and 
along the lateral margins, innumerable cuneate slightly sti- 
pitate fronds ; the smaller of which, from one to four inches 
in length, are simple or merely emarginate, or slightly bifid, 
at the apex ; the larger, 6-10 inches long, are forked, or once; —— 
twice, or thrice dichotomous. All are cuneate at base, and - 2 


more or less stipitate; they vary in breadth from 4-12 - | 


inches. The axils are obtuse, and the apices acute. The 
substance is thickish, more fleshy than membranous, and when 
moistened after having once been dried it becomes extremely —— 
fragile, and if allowed to remain but a short time in fresh - 
water will completely decompose. The colour is a fine blood — 
red. The coccidia are extremely abundant, thickly dotted — 
over the surface and fringing the margin, and (when dry) - 
furnished with a broad pellucid limbus. In this respect, and — 


ALGZ NOVZ ZELANDIA. 545 


in the structure of the frond there is a near resemblance to 

R. polycarpa. The fronds which produce tetraspores are 

larger, with broader segments and perfectly smooth, and 

the tetraspores are thinly scattered over the surface, not col- 
lected into cloudy patches. A magnificent species, nearly 
allied to R. ornata, Mont.; but, as we are assured by that 
author, perfectly distinct, and we have much pleasure in 
inscribing it with his name, as a mark of our respect, 
and gratitude for his able illustration of the Alge of the 

Southern Hemisphere. 

86. Rhodomenia? coriacea, nobis; fronde crassa coriacea 

. siccitate cornea flabelliformi palmatim et pedatim laciniata, 
laciniis cuneatis latis escas aripa obtusatis, axillis ro- 
tundatis. cea ; 

Has. Bay of Islands, Lyail. 

The specimens are too imperfect to enable us to decide 
on the genus, and probably the above character is very in- 
adequate, but we are unable at present to give a more in- 
telligible one. It is possibly a large growing plant, but 
our specimens, evidently broken, are only 4-5 inches long; 
they have a circular outline and a remarkably thick leathery 
and almost horny substance. Their slices under the micro- 
scope exhibit a structure not unlike that of Rhodomenia ; 
the centre being composed of large polygonal cellules, gra- 
dually smaller to the surface. All the cellules contain endo- 
chrome. 

87. Plocaria? pues nobis ; potiti basi cylindracea mox 
compressa angustissima lineari pluries dichotoma fasti- 
giata rigida tenacissima siccitate cornea, axillis patentibus 
obtusis, apicibus obtusissimis rotundatis, coccidiis ad latera 

furcarum inferiorum insidentibus subimmersisve sparsis v. 
spe oppositis. 

. Has. Bay of Islands, Sinclair. 
Frond 6-8 inches long, not half a line in diameter, of equa 

breadth throughout, pretty regularly dichotomous, in outli 

.. broadly flabelliform. Substance very tough, rigid ai a 

i when dry. Coccidia borne on the lra ni hes, 


Bed 


546 ALGÆ NOVA ZELANDLE. 


posite, one at each side of the frond. Colour faded. The 
structure of the stem is denser than is usual in the genus, 
the cellules of the axis being smaller, and those of the 
periphery more filamentously disposed than in the typical 
species. 
88. *Hypnea musciformis, Lamx. Fucus musciformis, Turn. 
t. 127. 
Has. New Zealand, Sir Joseph Banks. 


CRYPTONEMES. 


89. Gigartina livida, J. Ag. Fucus lividus, Turn. t. 254. 

Has. Paroah Bay, Lyall. 

` 90. *Gigartina Chauvinii, J. Ag. Spherococcus Chauvinii, 
Bory, in Duper. Voy. p. 165. t. 20. 

Has. New Zealand, D'Urville. 

91. TGigartina ancistroclada, Mont. Voy. Pole Sud. p. 121. 

RES 4 

Has. Akaroa, D’Urville. 

92. Gigartina divaricata, nobis, in Fl. Antarct. p. 187. 

Has. Bay of Islands. 

Two imperfect specimens, seemingly belonging to this 
species, 

93. Gigartina Zorulosa, nobis ; caule (vix noto) subsimplici ? ? 
subcompresso filiformi cartilagineo siccitate corneo, ramis 
lateralibus sepe secundis creberrimis subsimplicibus V. 
vage furcatis nudis ramulosisve horizontaliter patentibus 
vix attenuatis, fructiferis nodulosis, ramulis furcatis paten- 
tibus, axillis latis, favellidiis omnino immersis per ramos — 
dense sparsis. ? 

Has. New Zealand, Hooker. 

Our specimens are very imperfect. They consist of por- 
tions of the stem, 3-4 inches long. The colour has faded. 
The most obvious character is taken from the fruit, which is 
completely immersed in the branches, its place being marked 
by a slight swelling, beneath which, in the substance of the — 
branch, is found a dense mass of seeds ora flavellidium. The — 
axis of the frond is composed of angular coloured cells, 3 


ALGÆ NOV ZELANDLE. 547 


vaguely congregated but scarcely forming filaments ; the 

periphery of beautifully moniliform elongated radiating fila- 

ments. 

94. Chondrus alveatus, Grev. Fucus alveatus, Turn. t. 239. 

Has. New Zealand, Sir Joseph Banks, R. Cunningham, &c. 

95. Chondrus chondrophyllus, Grev. Fucus chondrophyllus, 
Turn. é: 222. 

Has. Wangari Bay, D'Urville. 

96. lridea decipiens, nobis; pusilla, fronde cartilaginea sti- 
pitata flabelliformi plana dichotoma, laciniis cuneatis 
pluries furcatis ultimis angustatis linearibus acutis, axillis 
rotundatis, margine nunc simplici nunc ramenta linearia 
simplicia pinnatim emittente, favellidiis nune maculæfor- 
mibus immersis per totam frondem sparsis ellipticis ob- 
longisve, nunc in verrucis umbilicatis ad apices ramento- 
rum sessilibus immersis. 

Has. New Zealand, Raoul. 

Two states of this plant are before us, one of which so 
closely resembles Chondrus crispus, that except by the fruit, 
and the ramenta fringing the margin, we cannot distinguish 
it; the other has a mixed character between a very slender 
variety of lridea stiriata, and a broad state of Gigartina 
pistillata. These two forms are very dissimilar, “but one 
specimen referable by its fructification to the first, has more 
the habit of the latter, and thus connects the two. Iridea 


si. afa and J. Radula have a similar double production of 


favellidia, one immersed in the frond, the other crowning 
the ramenta; and J. stiriata presents such wild variations 
in form, and sometimes so closely resembles the wart-bear- 
ing variety of the present species, that, though we have 
never seen any state exactly similar to what we now des- 
cribe, we cannot entirely divest ourselves of doubt as to 
the validity of the present species. And yet the chondroid 


- 


form is so unlike J. Radula, that we cannot wells unite ( 


them. "TO 
97. lridea stiriata, Bory. Fucus asini Tu t. Bie 
Has. Paroah Bay, Lyall. 


548 ALGÆ NOVÆ ZELANDIÆ. 


98. Iridæa Radula, Bory. Fucus bracteatus, Turn. t. 25. 

Has. Bay of Islands. 

99. *Iridea micans, Bory, in Dup. Voy. t. 13. 

Has. Akaroa, D’ Urville. 

100. Halymenia furcellata, Ag. 

Has. East Coast, R. Cunningham. 

101. fHalymenia dubia, Bory, in Belang. Voy. p. 32. 

Has. New Zealand, D’ Urville. 

102. Halymenia Nove Zelandie, Montag. Voy. Pole Sud. 
p. 107. t. 12. f. 2. 

Has. Akaroa, D'Urville. ; 

103. Dasyphlæa insignis, Mont. Voy. Pole Sud. t. 8. f. 3. 

Has. Akaroa, D’ Urville. 

104. Catenella Opuntia, Grev. Fucus Opuntia, Turn. t. 107. 

Has. New Zealand, Lyall. 

105. Chrysimenia secunda, nobis ; frondibus (pusillis) tubu- 

losis membranaceis flaccidis roseis cæspitosis intricatis ra- 

mosissimis, ramis curvatis ramulisque patentibus sæpissime 


secundis linearibus obtusis æqualibus, ramulis distantibus 
» paucis brevibus. 


Has. New Zealand, Raoul. 

Fronds densely tufted, two inches high, setaceous, much 
branched ; the branches generally secund and arched. Colour 
a rose tt Substance delicate and adhering to paper. The 
specimens are not in fruit. 


106. Melanthalia abscissa, nobis. Fucus abscissus, Turn. 
f. 223. ; 


Haz. New Zealand, Sir Joseph Banks. Y 
107. Melanthalia Jaubertiana, Mont. in Nouv. Ann. Sc. Nat. 
Has. New Zealand, Herd. Jaubert, Sinclair, Hooker, 

Lyall, &c. 

Not having been able to compare this plant with the - 
Banksian specimen of Fucus abscissus, we abstain, on the — 
strongly urged, though to us not convincing, arguments - 
of our friend Montagne, from considering it iden- - 
tical with that described and figured by Turner, as Fucus 
abscissus, Long before the publication of M. Montagnes 


ALGA NOVA ZELANDLE,. 549 


figure we were well acquainted with what is now called 
M. Jaubertiana, but which we had unhesitatingly referred 
to Turner’s Fucus abscissus. Nothing at all more resembling 
Turner’s figure is known to us. Some of our specimens 
indeed might well pass for that he has depicted; while 
others resemble closely the larger form figured by the French 
Algologist. The difference mainly insisted on by M. Mon- 
tagne lies in the stem, which in M. Jaubertiana is cylin- 
drical, in Fucus abscissus * flat without veins or midrib.” 
Were the M. Jaubertiana cylindrical throughout, we should 
not hesitate to agree with Montagne. But it is not 
so. The frond is most cylindrical below, it gradually dimi- 
nishes upwards, and the upper portion is perfectly flat. 
The larger the specimen, the rounder is the stem, and in 
young specimens we find the frond compressed even in its 
lowest part, and if Turner’s figure be taken to represent a 
young specimen, it is a characteristic. And it should be 
observed, that though he describes the frond as flat, the 
figure of a transverse section which he gives evidently re- 
presents a compressed frond. 

108. Gelidium corneum, Lamour. Fucus corneus, Turn. t. 57. 
Has. New Zealand, several varieties. 

109. Gelidium lucidum, Harv. Fucus lucidus, R. Br.! Turn. 

t. 238. Phyllophora lucida, Grev. 

Has. New Zealand, very common. 

A beautiful plant, generally recognisable by the broad, flat, 
more or less midribbed frond and shining surface ; but varieties - 
occur which approach the var. sesquipedale of G. corneum. We, 
have ascertained our plant to be the same as that of Turner, 
having been favoured by Mr. Brown with an inspection of 
his original specimen. 


110. Ctenodus Labillardieri, Kütz. Fucus Labillardieri, Turn. a 


t 137. 
Has. New Zealand, Sinclair. 


AproPHLEA, Harv: —  — 


550 ALGE NOV ZELANDLE. 


filis tenuissimis strictis parallelis peripheriam versus ra- 

diantibus constituta. Peripheria (madefacta) fungoso-in- 

crassata, rupta, decidua. Fructus Algæ littorea 
intense rubra, uncialis, crassissima, pluries dichotoma, fas- 
tigiata. 

111. Apophlea Sinclairii, nobis. 

Has. New Zealand, Sinclair. 

In a dry state this anomalous production resembles a very 
robust Lichina, being black and rigid. When moistened, 
however, this appearance wholly vanishes. The black 
woody wrinkled stems become of a brilliant crimson, and 
their outer coat, imbibing moisture much more readily than 
the very dense axis, swells to twice or thrice its bulk when 
dry, and is broken in all directions, and falls away in flakes, 
leaving the solid axis behind. The frond is from 3 an inch 
to an inch in height, but when moistened is 2-3 lines in dia- 
meter! 


CERAMIEZ. 
112. Ballia Brunonis, Harv. Sphacelaria callitricha, Ag. Ballia 
callitricha and B. Hombroniana, Mont. 
Has. New Zealand, East Coast, Colenso (223). 

We retain the specific name imposed by Mr. Harvey in 
founding the genus, given in honour of the original disco- 
verer of this beautiful plant, “The Prince of Botanists.” 
113. Ptilota formosissima, Mont. Voy. Pole Sud, p. 98. t. 9. 

J. 3. Hook. fil. Fl. Antarct. t. 77. 

Has. East Coast, Colenso. 
114. Ceramium cancellatum, Ag. 
Has. Bay of Islands, Lyall, 


CHLOROSPERMEX. 


IP s tra Selago, Ag. Fucus Selago, Turn. t. 55. 

Has. New Zealand, Colenso. 

116. Caulerpa hypnoides, Ag. Fucus noides, Turn. £. 173. 
Has. New Zealand, Colenso. — | 
117. Codium fomentosum, Ag. Fucus tomentosus, Turn. t. 135. 
Has. New Zealand. : 


ALGÆ NOVÆ ZELANDIÆ. 551 


118. Conferva herpestica, Mont. Voy. Pole Sud. p. 6. 
Han. Bay of Islands, Hombron, Hooker. 

119. Conferva clavata, Ag. Syst. p. 99. 

Has. East Coast, Colenso. 

120. Conferva bombycina ? Ag. 

Has. In fresh water. 

(N.B. Besides these, there are 4 or 5 other Conferve re- 
ceived from Mr. Colenso, but in so imperfect a state, and 
entangled together, that it is impossible to extricate them, or 
to describe them in intelligible language.) 

121. Enteromorpha compressa, Ag. 

Has. New Zealand, abundant, Hooker. 

122. Enteromorpha intestinalis, Ag. 

Has. Bay of Islands, &c. Hooker. 

123. Ulva Linza, Ag. .— 

Has. Bay of Islands, &c. Hooker. 

124. Ulva latissima, Ag. 

Has. Shores of New Zealand, abundant, Hooker. 


(To be continued.) 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


Notes of a Botanical Visit to MADRAS, COIMBATORE, and 
ihe NkELGHERRY Mountains; by G. GARDNER, Esa. 
F.L.S., Superintendent of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Ceylon. 


(Continued from p. 409.) 


Our first botanical excursion of any length was to the 
summit of Dodabetta, which is about four miles distant from 
Ootacamund. The ascent is so gradual that one may ride 
the whole way. We of course met with much that was new 
to me, although almost every thing was quite familiar to 
Dr. Wight. On shady banks, and even in open exposed 
places, the wild Strawberry (Fragaria elatior), grows in the 
greatest profusion, from the level of Ootacamund, even to : 
the very summit of the mountain, in which latter situation I 


559 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


found it, both in flower and in fruit. On the open grassy 
hills we saw several other herbaceous plants, such as Ane- 
mone Wightiana, Ranunculus cordatus, Dipsacus Leschenaultii, 
Wahlenbergia Indica, Bupleurum distichophyllum, Pimpinella 
Candolleana, and Leschenaultii, Valeriana Brunonis, and 
several species of Senecio and Gnaphalium. The shrubby 
plants which we met with in similar situations, were an 
undescribed species of Teucrium, allied to the T. tomentosum, 
abundance of Gaultheria Leschenaultii, Anaphalis Neelgherri- 
ana, Cotoneaster buxifolia, Hedyotis articularis, &c. In the 
woods which fill the hollows and ravines, we found some - 
that were in flower, besides those which I have already 
enumerated, such as an Euonymus, Microtropis ramiflora, 
Monocera ferruginea, Eugenia calophyllifolia, and a Celtis. 
At the summit I was rewarded with an old Scotch acquaint- 
ance, Prunella vulgaris, and Alchemilla Zeylanica, Moon, a — 
plant so nearly resembling the A. vulgaris of Europe, that it © 
has been considered as such by Dr. Arnott. Both Dr. — 
Wight and I, however, have satisfied ourselves from a 
comparison of it with British specimens, that they are 
essentially distinct. The rocky part of the summit was - 
gay with the large yellow corymbs of Kalanchoe grandiflora. — 
In clear weather a fine view is said to be obtained from T 
Dodabetta of the Coimbatore and Mysore countries, but — | 
we were prevented from enjoying it by a dense ocean of = 
clouds which lay spread out below us. 2d 
Our next excursion was to the Kaitie Waterfalls, about : 
seven miles from Ootacamund. By the way I collected fine — 
specimens of Rosa Leschenaultiana, and Clematis Wightiana. 
On dry banks, and in open grassy pastures, a beautiful little — 
Thyme-like plant (Micromeria biflora), grew in great pro- . 
fusion, as well as its taller and more shrubby allies - 
Leucas suffruticosa, helianthemifolia, and ternifolia. On — 
moist banks Impatiens Leschenaultii formed dense bushes, | 
from six to eight feet high, with a thick woody stem. This - 
is one of the most abundant of the many beautiful species of © 
the genus which inhabit the Neelgherries. Before reaching — 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION, 553 


the falls we passed through the garden and grounds belong- 
ing to Kaitie, the property of Lord Elphinstone. On the 
right hand side of the avenue leading to the house there is 
a remarkably healthy English Oak tree, nearly twenty feet 
high; and nearly opposite to it a few Cypresses about the 
same height. The garden contains various kinds of Eu- 
ropean fruit trees, such as the Peach, Apple, Plum and Pear. 
The Peach bears plentifully, but its fruit, like that which I 
have met with on the mountains of South America, is very 
far inferior to what is grown in the open air in England. 
Apples do not succeed, those I saw being as small as 
Crabs, and very little superior to them in flavour. As 
in the other gardens on the hills," European flowers and 
vegetables thrive admirably. The road to the falls from 
the house leads through a long, flat valley, along which a 
small stream runs. In this valley very few plants were 
in flower: notwithstanding that it is much lower than the 
valley in which Ootacamund is situated, vegetation had 
suffered much more from the frosts of January. ‘The young 
leaves and branches of the Barberry, the Bramble, and other 
shrubs, all appeared as if they had been scorched by fire. 
There was scarcely any herbaceous vegetation, and many of 
the trees and shrubs being here deciduous, the country bore 
avery wintry appearance. The banks of the stream were 
lined with the Barberry, Ligustrum Perottetii, Rhamnus 
hirsutus, the Rhododendron, Salix tetrasperma, and Rubus 
` Wailichianus. On more elevated parts Cotoneaster buxifolia 
grew very profusely; but here we met with none of it in. 
flower. The stream which flows through this valley is about 
' the size of the one which runs through Campsie Glen, near 
Glasgow, and is joined by another of equal magnitude 
immediately above the fall which is a slightly inclined 
basaltic precipice about two hundred feet in height. After 
this gentle leap, the water flows through a beautiful wooded 
valley into the Coimbatore country. At the upper part of 


the fall, we collected a pretty species of Asystasia, Carissa — a 


Paucinervia, A. Dé 6, Exacum Wi ightianum, and a very 
VOL. IV. * -* 


554 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


handsome species of Aerides (A. Lindleyana, Wight MSS.) 
sparingly in flower. A few specimens were also obtained of 
the beautiful Lysimachia Leschenaultii. Dr. Wight informs 
me that many curious herbaceous plants grow on the rocks 
here in the months of August and September, but of 
which almost no traces were now to be observed. One of 
these is a large-flowered Lily, very much resembling Wallich's 
Lilium longiflorum. 

In the jungles, at the foot of the falls, vegetation was ina 
more active state. Here we collected specimens of Photinia 
Notoniana, Loranthus amplexifolius, Viscum ramosissimum, 
Sonerila speciosa, Jasminum erectiflorum, a delicate little 
species of Monochilus, an undescribed Vanda, Barleria 
involucrata, Passiflora Leschenaultii, and numerous other 
plants which were mostly new to me. One of the most 
curious of them all was a species of the Balanophore, perhaps 
the same as Dr. Arnott has described under the name of 
Langsdorffia Indica, but which has now been reduced to the 
genus Cynopsole. In a dark part of the forest, I found a 
single specimen of Clathrus cancellatus, one of the most 
beautiful, at the same time that itis one of the most fetid 


of fungi. I have also met with it two or three times in the | 


mountain forests of the Central Province of Ceylon. About 
a quarter of a mile below the fall, we arrived at a large = 
Mulberry plantation, belonging to a gentleman who is 

endeavouring to rear the silk-worm on a large scale. So 
far as he has yet gone, the results are favourable. It being 
now pretty late in the afternoon, and our rambles having 
rather tended to increase our appetites, we halted on- 
a large flat rock in the middle of the stream to take 

some refreshment. The situation was most beautiful; and 
we were surrounded in all directions by botanical treasures, 
as you will be able to judge from the following enumeration — 
of a few of them. The trees were a species of Monocera, | 
Photinia Lindleyana, Agapetes arborea, Viburnum acuminatum, 
Turpinia Nepalensis, and a large species of Cinnamomum. The 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 555 


shrubs were Osbeckia Wightiana, an undescribed Agapetes, 
and several very handsome Crotalarias. 

The next excursion we undertook included an absence 
of three days. Our head-quarters were a Bungalow about 
ten miles from Ootacamund, on the road leading to a pass, 
which descends into the Mysore territory. "This place is 
called Pycarrah. Our ride was through a beautiful, open, 
hilly country, a few small patches of wood occurring in 
hollows, or in the deep gashes which intersect the hills. 
Dr. Wight pointed out to me several swampy tracts, in which 
Parnassia Wightiana grows in great plenty in the rainy 
season. Ina small wood, by the side of the road, we found 
Viburnum hebanthum in afine state; and on the margins of 
small streams Eurya Wightiana, a small shrub very much 
resembling the tea-plant in habit. We kept along the road 
for about eight miles, and then struck off to the left for the 
purpose of reaching the Pycarrah, a stream of some size 
which passes the Bungalow of the same name, and 
botanizing along its banks. In our progress we passed 
through several small woods which yielded us a few good 
things, such as an Olea, Ophiorhiza Brunonis, several 
fruticose Acanthacee, and an undescribed species of Eugenia 
(E. montana, Wight, MSS). We also passed over a rather 
high, bare hill, on which Anemone Wightiuna was sparingly 
in flower. On the summit of this hill there is a large 
circular Cairn about four feet high, with an open well-like 
 eavity in the centre. It had the appearance of great 
antiquity, and was over-grown with small shrubs and other 
vegetation. Similar cairns are seen on the tops of nearly 
all the hills of the Neelgherry range, and when opened have - 
been found to contain generally from twenty to thirty urns 
of clay, often of very elaborate workmanship. Iron and — 
brass utensils are also occasionally found in them; but so 
roughly used by the hand of Time, that they fall into dust 
on being touched. These Tumuli have lately been exciting — 
~ the attention of Captain Congreve, an Indian. — and - 

- S82 


556 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


the conclusion he has come to is, that they are of very high 
antiquity, and owe their origin to a pastoral race which still 
inhabit the higher ranges of the Neelgherries, and which he 
has undertaken to prove are of Scythian descent. On the Neel- 
gherries these people are known by the name of Tandawars, 
or more commonly Toders. 'They engage in no agricultural 
pursuit; but rear large herds of buffaloes, the milk of which 
forms the principal part of their food, and great numbers of 
which animals are sacrificed in a most cruel manner atthedeath 
of their chiefs. These natives are nearly black, and area very 
wild.looking race of beings, having only the lower. part of 
their body covered with a few rags. Itis said that female infan- 
ticide was formerly practised-among them to a great extent. 
Before reaching the banks of the Pycarrah, we passed 
through a large marsh full of Acorus Calamus, not then 
in flower. Our walk along the side of the river was 
very productive. All along it, a pretty species of Osmunda 
grows luxuriantly, and I was fortunate in finding it 
in beautiful fructification. The effects of the past winter 
were as visible here as in the  Kaitie valley ; the 
tender fronds of the Osmunda, and the young shoots of 
an Agapetes, and a fruticose Hedyotis, being very much 
browned. We crossed the stream at a place where the 
current runs with great rapidity among a number of large 
stones; and on these we found a curious little Podostemon. - 
A little black shell (a Nerita) is also very common on 
the rocks. A dry bank afforded a species of Nicholsonia, 
the first, I believe, which has yet been found out of America. 
Ligustrum Perottetii grew abundantly on the banks, but was - 


not in flower. Further down we collected Senecio Wightiana, 


Blumea hieracifolia, Lycopodium alpinum? an Eriocaulon, 
two kinds of Utricularia, and Pimpinella Candolleana. 
Next morning, before breakfast, we walked down to the 
river, crossing it at a place where the bed is broad, and 
the water in detached streams falls over a succession of | 
shelving rocks. Growing on these were three species of | 
Podostemon, one of them being the same as that found on - 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 557 


the previous day. The banks, which are high and rocky, 
yielded a number of fine plants, such as Coleus barbatus, 
Kalanchoe grandiflora, Impatiens Goughii, a large Eriocaulon, 
Hedyotis verticillaris, (a curious. low-growing plant, with 
broad ribbed leaves, and more resembling a Plantago than a 
Hedyotis) ; Drosera Burmanni and peltata, a Carex, Osbeckia 
Gardneriana, a Campanula, and a pretty suffruticose Gnapha- 
lium. The Rhododendron, Agapetes arborea, llex Wightiana, 
and Photinia Notoniana, grow along banks; and on the 
branches of nearly all of them the very curious coral-like 
Viscum moniliforme is seen in great quantities. Dr. Wight 
pointed out to me on the stems and branches of the 
Rhododendron, as well as on rocks; a little Eria (E. retusa, 
Wight, MSS.), the depressed pseudo-bulbs of which are 
beautifully covered with a fine fibrous net-work. It was not 
in flower ; but I have obtained fine specimens from his Her- 
barium. 

Our rambles during the day explored some of the 
wooded ravines in the neighbourhood. In one of these we 
met with a new species of Cynopsole, growing parasitically on 
the roots of a large tree, (Myrsine capitellata). It is much 
smaller than the one found at Kaitie. Our researches were 
besides rewarded with two species of Microtropis, Gardneria 
Wallichiana, a shrub which climbs to the tops of the highest 
trees, a Jasminum, and several mosses and ferns. Here 
Myrtus tomentosa, and Dodonæa Burmanni, attain the 
size of trees. The fruit of the former, when ripe, is 
very delicious, resembling the gooseberry in flavour, 
indeed, it is called by Europeans the Hill Gooseberry, and 
from it they prepare a delicious jelly. Osyris Wightiana, 
and Jasminum aureum, are common in dry pastures around 
Pycarrah. 

On the succeeding day our excursion extended to a. 
distance of upwards of eight miles along the road which 
leads into the Mysore country. The scenery through which 
. We passed, though not so grand as some of our after excur- 


558 | BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


sions, is perhaps the most pleasing of any to be met 
with on the hills. In every direction large swelling hills 
are to be seen, covered with grass—at this season having the 
appearance of ripe corn—intersected with patches and long 
stripes of verdant woods, the varying tints of the foliage of 
which form pictorial combinations, on which the eye dwells 
with pleasure. There is one tree conspicuous above all 
the others, not only from its abundance, but the peculiar 
light green colour of its leaves. It is as yet a ‘planta 
innominata, forming a new genus belonging to the natural 
order Stilaginacee. Between Pycarrah and the next Bunga- 
low, which is at a place called Neddawattum, we added very 
largely to our collections. On the road-side a fine tall 
species of Artemisia (A. grata), was very common. In 
a wood through which we passed, we saw a fine large 
tree, the top of which was nearly one mass of white flowers. 
It proved to be a Symplocos, and we have since ascertained 
that it is not described in De Candolle’s Prodromus. Here 
we also met with an undescribed species of Coffee, though one 
which Dr, Wight had previously found, and several fruticose 
Acanthacee. The stems of the large trees in the more 
dense parts of the wood, were covered with mosses, ferns, 
lichens, various kinds of Orchidee, and an Æschynanthus. 
One of the Orchidee was a remarkable, and very large 
species of Oberonia. In another wood, a few miles further 
on, Leptanthes Walkeri was richly in flower, as well as a few 
other handsome <Acanthacee. One of them is a striking - 
plant, a large, rambling, climbing shrub, with woody 
stems more than three inches in diameter. It comes near 
the genus Strobilanthus, but is sufficiently distinct to con- 
stitute a separate genus. Dr, Wight has a fine drawing of 
it, and will shortly publish it under the name of Didyplosandra — 
lurida. The spikes come off from the old branches, and 
are from six inches to a foot long; the bracts and 
flowers are large, and both of a lurid brown colour. In _ 
more open bushy places we found Thunbergia fragrans, Im- — 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 559 


patiens latifolia, and several species of Plectranthus and 
Pogostemon. We descended the pass a short way, which 
. leads into the Mysore country, but did not meet with much 
to interest us. There were some fine peeps into the low 
country, which is much more thickly wooded than that which 
lies between Madras and the Neelgherries. 

Our last excursion, occupying eight days, was the 
most productive of the whole. It was to the western 
slopes of the chain, or those which lead into the Malabar 
country. On our way thither we spent three days explor- 
ing the woods and mountains in the neighbourhood of 
a place called the Avalanche—from a great land-slip which 
has taken place on the side of a high hill, about sixteen 
miles from Ootacamund. Here, as usual, we were domiciled 
in the public Bungalow. The country through which we 
passed is very similar to that which leads to Pycarrah; but 
the hills at the Avalanche are far higher, and more rugged 
in their outline. 'The first day was spent on a high hill 
behind the Bungalow, where there are some well-wooded 
ravines. In these we met with Sonerila speciosa in fine 
flower; a third species of Cynopsole, much larger than the 
other two, the stems being nearly a foot in length, and 
the fructified part as large as one's fist; a new Zsonan- 
dra, Michelia Neelgherica, Gomphandra polymorpha, Blumea 
pterodonta, and a new Stylocoryne. By the sides of these 
jungles grew an undescribed Moonia, which Dr. Wight 
has dedicated to his friend Dr. Arnott, a species of Gynura, - 
and Senecio corymbosa. The open grassy parts of the hill 
yielded us Gerardia Sopubia, an Ophilia, Ranunculus cordatus, 
and Prunella vulgaris. On the succeeding day we explored 
a long densely wooded ravine, which runs up to the top 
of the same hill and found a very fœtid Mephitidia, a 
Cinnamomum, Hedera rostrata (Wight MSS.), and the new 
Symplocos, a few ferns and mosses, and a Rutaceous shrub, 
which, before we obtained the ripe fruit, we considered to 
belong to the Chilian genus Pitavia (anie Ruiz et Pav.), 


560 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


the flowers having exactly the same structure. The fruit, - 
however, in place of being a drupe, is a dry capsule. 

Early on the morning of the third day we proceeded to 
investigate a high range of hills immediately opposite the 
Bungalow, and about two miles distant from it. We 
rode along the more level part, so as to be fresh for 
the steeper portion. In the moist flats grows a very pretty 
little Gentian (G. abscondita, Zenk.), with bright blue flowers; 
while on the higher and dryer fields Hypericum Mysorense, 
a shrub from four to six feet high, with large golden blossoms, 
is seen in the greatest plenty. In a wood, by the margin of 
which we passed, and into which we occasionally dipped, we 
found a Pygeum in fruit, Symplocos obtusa, several kinds of 
Lauracee, and Myrtacee. In open parts at a greater eleva- 
tion several species of Crotalaria, and Osbeckia Gardne- 
riana, were in full bloom. After scrambling up a very 
steep ascent, and when near the summit, we visited the 
residence of a Bear, but did not find him at home. 
This was a hollow, under a projecting ledge of rock, - 
and judging from certain appearances, he had not been long 
gone. The selection of this spot for his den showed great 
wisdom ; for not only was it well protected from the prevail- 
ing Winds during the season of the rains, but in case of danger 
he had two outlets of escape. One of these, leading toa higher — 
part of the mountain, was a very excellent ladder, formed of — 
the gnarled stem of a large Rhododendron, the dense top of 
which serves besides as a verandah to the portico. The 
steps are so much worn that they seem to have been used for _ 
a long period by the progenitors of the present possessor. 
In clefts of the rock here, grew a pretty little Campanula, 
not uncommon in similar situations all over the hills. - 
Ligustrum Perottetii was very common by the sides üt 
mountain streams, as also a species of Eleagnus. In a . 
flat marshy tract, behind the summit of this range, - 
we found an Eriocaulon, Valeriana Brunoniana, and the - 
curious Hedyotis verticillaris; while the dryer fields around 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 561 


it were thickly studded with the bright yellow flowers of a 
Buttercup (Ranunculus cordatus). On our return, we collected 
specimens of two or three Laurinee, and a large arboreous 
Olive allied to Olea glandulosa. 

On the following day, we started from the Avalanche bun- 
galow and went on to another at a place called Sispara, about 
fifteen miles distant. Shortly after leaving we had to ascend 
nearly 1000 feet above the level of the Avalanche valley, and 
from this elevation we commanded a fine view of the upper 
ranges of the Neelgherries, including Ootacamund, and the 
massive rounded summit of Dodabetta. The route thence lay 
through a truly beautiful, but uninhabited country ; the road 
winding now along the sides of high grassy hills, now over 
their bleak summits, and now through beautiful vallies by 
the sides of limpid rivulets, the margins of which are adorned 
with Rhododendrons, and numerous other flowering shrubs. 
In one of these vallies, somewhat resembling that of Neuera 
Ellia in Ceylon, but smaller, the Wild Strawberry (Fragaria 
elatior), and Alchemilla Zeylanica form patches of immense 
Size, It is curious that while the Neelgherries, and the 
mountain ranges of Cevlon have many European forms of 
plants in common, yet each presents a few which are 
peculiar to itself. Thus the Prunella vulgaris, Parnassia 
Wightiana, Lysimachia Leschenaultii, Rosa Leschenaultii, the 
four species of Viburnum, and the two of Lonicera of the 
Neelgherries, have not yet been discovered in Ceylon; 
while, on the other hand, the Agrimonia Eupatorium, Ranun- — 
culus hastatus, and Viola Walkeri of Ceylon, are unknown on 
the Neelgherries. They each possess a Dipsacus; but these 
are distinct, though nearly allied, species. 

Before we got half way to Sispara, we were enveloped 
in a dense mass of clouds, which came rolling along from the 
Malabar country, and were soon drenched to the skin by the 
rain which they gave out. The cold was excessive, and we 
Were glad to dismount and walk for the last two miles. We 
felt it most while passing along a high range which overlooks 
the low country. Here we saw convincing proofs, in the 
- VOL, ty, T 


562 BOTANICAL INFORMATION; 


shape of what may be called in geological language, recent 
deposits, that a large herd of Elephants had. gone over the 
same ground only a short time before. Notwithstanding the 
rain and the cold, we diverged a considerable way from the 
road to visit the only station which Dr. Wight knows for Hy- 
pericum Hookerianum, and, even there, only one patch was £g 
be seen about twenty yardssquare. Oddly enough too, thisis — | 
situated in the centre of a flat swamp about half a mile in 
circumference. To this spot, for what reason I know not, 
the European residents have given the name of * New Eng- 
land.’ We found the Hypericum in fine flower, it is a 
very handsome species. Some way beyond this, we came — 
upon one of the most remarkable pieces of natural scenery - 
which is to be met with on the hills, which is called the | 
“Devis Gap; but whether this name commemorates his | 
arrival on the hills, or his exit from them, no one now 2 
seems to- know; though the probability is that it was 
not the latter. It is an immense gap, upwards of 150 feet - 
wide, in the centre of a high hill, and has evidently been 
caused by the rending asunder of the latter. The road 3 
passes very close to it; and forms at its close, a deep wild- — 
wooded ravine, HR terminating in a broad valley 
which sweeps down into Malabar: the view from it is mag- - 
nificent indeed. 

Notwithstanding the unfavourable state of the weather, we 
added considerably to our botanical stores. Among other plants — : 
may be mentioned a Pittosporum, a new Osbeckia, an Olea, — 

a large shrubby Smithia, two beautiful species of Sonerila, 
a Gnidia, different from that which grows on the Eastern - 
slopes, an undescribed Plectranthus, a new Pogostemon, 9 — 
new Utricularia, and Clematis Munroana. ! 

Two days. were devoted to short rambles among the 
mountains in the, vicinity of the bungalow, situated 
in a wild, but. beautiful. spot, a little below the top of 
the pass. The commonest trees in the woods at this 
elevation, are a new species of Ilex, and a new gus 
of the natural order Olacinee, which will be published #8 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 563 


the next part of Wight's ‘Icones, under the name of 
Bursinopetalum arboreum; the fruit is the size of a small 
Plum, and the calyx is adherent, as in Alph. De Can- 
dolle’s new genus Hypocarpus. By the margins of jungles 
grew a very curious new Hedyotis—a shrub about six feet 
high, but of which we only obtained one or two miserable 
specimens in flower; anda very pretty small fruticose species 
of Impatiens (I. Munroi, R. W.) On the upper parts of the 
mountains there was but little herbaceous vegetation, our 
visit being at the end of the dry season. One of the most 
remarkable plants which these rocky places afforded was a 
new shrubby species of Anisochilus. 

By far the most abundant harvest we reaped in this 
quarter was on the day devoted to an excursion about 
six or eight miles down the pass. The road leads through 
one continued forest. From the greater amount of 
moisture which this slope of the chain receives, vegetation 
here exhibits itself in its most luxuriant state. I shall 
enumerate some of the more remarkable or beautiful plants, 
taking them in succession as they occurred. Our first 
acquisition was a little caulescent Dorstenia, growing on 
Shady banks by the road side, Impatiens cuspidata, Lobelia 
nicotianefolia, Torenia Asiatica, the large-flowered variety, 
a new Isonandra, a new Symplocos, three species of Mephiti- 
dia, a new species of Choripetalum, a new species of Blume’s 
genus Bulbospermum, a fine Euonymus, two kinds of Hedera, 
one of them with large pinnated leaves, and a large-flowered - 
Ceropegia. We were now about three miles down, and 
having arrived at a place where there is a large, rocky, moist, 
and rather steep part of the side of a high hill, destitute of 
trees, but covered thinly with shrubs and herbaceous vegeta- 
tion, Dr. Wight informed me that the previous year he 
found on these rocks a species of Anémia; and this being 
a genus to which I have paid a good deal of attention, — 
and which was considered till within a few years: ago, 
to be peculiar to tropical America, when a solitary species 

: 2m TO. 


564 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


was discovered in Africa, I lost no time in clambering up 
the rocks to possess myself of an Indian species. The rock 
was very steep, but by the aid of a very curious kind of 
Wild Fig, which clings to it like ropes, we soon got up. 
'This Fig bears a fruit larger than the common Fig, on 
thin creeping, rooting stems, which are destitute of leaves 5 
they, the leaves, appearing only on the extreme branches. 
You may imagine my delight at finding in the greatest 
plenty, but not in a very good state of fructification, a true 
Anemia, so much resembling A. flezuosa, which I have 
frequently collected in similar situations near Rio de Ja- 
neiro, and on the Organ mountains, that I feel almost quie 
certain itis the same. This, however, shall be determined … 
by a comparison of specimens on my return to Ceylon. — 
On the rocks we also gathered a fine Asplenium, and an — 
Aspidium, a Begonia, and plenty of the new fruticose 
Anisochilus, which we first met with near the bungalow at 
Sispara. Immediately below this rock grew a Pavelta, 
a new Eugenia, and two undescribed species of Sonerila. 
Further on, our collections were enriched by two fine Acan- 
thaceous plants, Impatiens diversifolia, an undescribed Micro- 
tropis, and many other new or little known plants. The lowest 
part of the pass is covered with forest-trees of immense size 
consisting chiefly of a kind of wild Nutmeg, a fine Euphor- : 
biaceous tree, which will constitute a new genus, a Terminalia, 
and different sorts of Laurineæ. It was late before we. 
thought of returning, and we did not reach the bungalow till 
after dark. Next day we regained the Avalanche, and on- 
the following reached Ootacamund, well pleased with our 
week’s labour. ys 

Having now been about a month on the mountains, 
with no recurrence of fever, and my general health much 
improved, we determined to return to Coimbatore, an 
finish the examination of the Ceylon collections. To vary 
the route, we proceeded by Kotagherry, and the pass of. 
the same name, and were accompanied by the talente 
historian of the Chinese war, Capt. Oughterlony, who is at 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 565 


present occupied with a survey of the Neelgherry mountains. 
We passed the night at Kotagherry, about fifteen miles 
distant from Ootacamund, and on the following morning 
rode down to a small Coffee plantation, belonging to Capt. 
Oughterlony's brother. There is no residence on the es- 
tate; but the Captain having sent his tent, we breakfasted 
in it. The Coffee plants do not grow so luxuriantly as 
in Ceylon, from the very obvious reason that the climate 
is too dry; the coffee produced here is, however, of very 
excellent quality, being highly flavoured. From all that I 
have seen of the Neelgherries, no part of the range seems so 
well adapted for the cultivation of this shrub, as the Western, 
or Malabar slopes, which exhibit all the capabilities of the 
richest Coffee districts in Ceylon. In the afternoon we rode 
down to the Bungalow at the foot of the hills, slept there, 
and next day reached Coimbatore. 

The following plants were added to our collection between 
Kotagherry and the plains :—Zmpatiens fruticosa, Monosis 
Wightiana, Lantana dubia, fine specimens of Lonicera Lesche- 
naultti and Viburnum acuminatum, an Ardisia, Buddleia 
discolor, Glossanthus Malabaricus, a new species of Phebe, 
a fine large tree, Schmidelia Rheedii, an undescribed Jasminum, 
Semecarpus Anacardium, an Olea, the beautiful blue-flowered 
Thunbergia-like Meyenia Hawtayneana, &c., &c. The lower 
part of the Kotagherry pass is steep, and the road very bad, 
but the view from that part of it, where the low country first 


comes in sight, is exceedingly fine, and as a whole put me O — 


very much in mind of the rich plains which are overlooked 
by the Malvern hills. 

You will be glad to learn that Dr. Wight has the third part 
of his ‘ Icones’ in the press, which with some succeeding ones, 
is to be principally devoted to the productions of the Neel- 
gherries. A selection from these, coloured, he is also pub- 
lishing under the name of “ Neelgherry Plants.” Of this 
= Work there will only be 100 copies, to consist of four or - 
five parts of 50 plates each. At present he has two 
. mative artists and a plant-solientor constantly. employed, 


566 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


at his own expense. It is only those who know how Dr. 
Wight is situated, who can fully appreciate the difficul- 
ties he has had to contend with in effecting what he has 
towards the elucidation of the Botany of the Southern 
parts of India. Living upwards of three hundred miles from 
Madras, where the lithography and printing are executed, 
and much of his time being occupied with professional en- 
gagements, it is astonishing that he has been able to ac- 
complish so much. It is now his intention to resume the 
publication of his * Illustrations of Indian Botany," of which 
the last part was the first portion of the second volume. 
Having at last completed the determination of the Ceylon 
Collections, and the selection of an immense number of 
duplicates from Dr. Wight's Indian Herbarium, I left 
Coimbatore, on the 13th of April, to return to Ceylon vid 
Cochin, on the Malabar coast. The Malabar country i$ — 
far more fertile than the Carnatic, and covered with fine — 
forests, similar to those on the West coast of Ceylon, a 
difference no doubt caused by the great quantity of rain 
which falls during the S.W. Monsoon. Some of the forests 
I passed through were almost entirely composed of magnifi- 
cent Teak trees. At Trichoore, a native town about fifty 
miles from Cochin, I remained two days with the officer who 
commands a detachment of the Madras Native Infantry now 
stationed there, and during that time had an opportunity of 
seeing a very splendid native festival It was under the 
auspices of a brother of the present Rajah of Cochin, and 
not less than 10,000 people were calculated to be present, 
among whom were only four Europeans. In this grand 
procession, I saw about fifty elephants, all in gorgeous 
trappings of silver and gold, and on the back of each 
stood several half-naked Bramins, waving large fans made 
of the tail-feathers of peacocks under the canopy of large 
umbrellas of crimson silk. Among the immense mass of 
human beings here assembled there was neither rioting 
or fighting; a strong proof of the gentleness of their. 
disposition; nor did I observe more than half a dozen in 8 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 567 


state of intoxication. At Cochin, I had to wait a week for 
a vessel but during that time I saw little that could 
interest a Botanist, for it was the end of the dry season, 
and there was not much in flower. After a run of three 
days we dropped anchor in this port, and my collections 


have all been landed safely, and are now on their way to 
Kandy. 


GEORGE GARDNER. 
Colombo, Ceylon, 14th May, 1845. 


BoueuertA, Novum Plantaginearum Genus, 
Auct. J. DECAISNE. 


(With a Plate, Tan. XIX.) 


BoveveEria.—Flores hermaphroditi foemineique in eadem 
spica. Bractea medio carnosa, lateribus late membranacea, 
florem tegens. Calyx 4-partitus persistens, dense pilosus, 
foliolis anticis paulo majoribus. Corolla(?) hypogyna, tubu- 
losa, scariosa, limbo in 3 4 lobos parvos irregulares diviso. 
Stamen (in fl. hermaphroditis), unicum, tubo medio inser- 
tem, cum laciniis alternans. Filamentum longe exsertum, 
flaccidum, glabrum. -Anthera basi adnexa et subemarginata, 
bilocularis, loculis longitudinaliter dehiscentibus, apice brevis- 
eme mucronulata. Pollen (madefactum) globosum. Stylus 

l, gracilis, longe exsertus, teres, inferne glaber, parte media 
superiori papilloso-stigmatosus. Ovarium rotundo-com- 
pressum, sessile, uniloculare, uniovulatum ; ovulum peltatum, 
reniforme, hilo centrali, placentario brevi centrali crassius- 
culo affixum. Capsula indehiscens, 1-sperma, compressa, 
medio utrinque costata, ossea, rudimento styli mucronata. 
Semen unicum, peltatum, reniforme. Integumentum exterius 
 tenue,atro-virens. Perispermum semini conforme, carnosum, 
albidum. Embryo subarcuatus, supra perispermum trans- 
verse periphericus. ee oblonga carnosæ. - Radi- 


568 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


cula teres cotyledones longitudine zquans. Plumula incon- 
spicua. 

Bougueria genus, medium inter Plantaginem e£ Littorel- 
lam, priori habitu accedit, capsule structura ad posteriorem 
ver git. 

Hoc genus Andicolum dicavi memoria illustr. Bouguer, qui 
Condamineo comitante, excelsorum Peruvie montium altitu- 
dinem mensus est. 


BovGUERIA NUBICOLA. 


B. foliis linearibus, pedunculis folio brevioribus, bracteisque 
glabris, calyce dense piloso. (Tab. XIX.) 

Crescit in Bolivia inter saxorum porphyreticorum fissuras 
in montibus nivosis sub nomine las lagunas designatis, 
urbem Potosi alte superantibus, inde circa 4,888 metr. alt. 
supra Oceanum. 

Flores fructumque perfecerat Martio (b. specim. 6 sicca in 
Herb. Mus. Paris. a cl. Alc. d'Orbigny relata.) 

Herba bipollicaris, perennis, radice crassa, cespitosa, exsic- 
cata nigrescens; habitu Plantaginis nubigene, Kth. Folia 
linearia, integerrima, carnosula, glabrata, juniora albo-pilosa. 
Pedunculi axillares, folis breviores. Flores spicato-capi- 
tati. Bractee late membranacee fere ut in Pl. montana, 
Lamk. Calyx dense pilosus. Flores 17-20, quorum 3 her- 
maphroditis alis fcemineis absque ordine intermixtos in 
duabus spicis observavi.* 

Tas. XIX. Bougueria nubicola. Dcne.— Fi ig. 1. Bractea ; 
f. 2. flower; f. 3. anther; f. 4. corolla; f. 5.fruit; f. 6. the 
same laid open and showing the seed; f. 7. the fruit cut 


through transversely ; f. 8. vertical section of a seed; f. 9- 
embryo Pp He in 


* 'The ibis: generic and specific character and description Mp a 
the Annales des Sciences Nat. 2nd. ser. v. 5, p. 132. : 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 569 


Observations on the Botany of Great Arran Island, Galway 
Bay, made during an excursion thither in August and Sep- 
tember, 1845; by WM. Anprews, Esq. M.R.LA., Sec. 
to the Nat. Hist. Society of Dublin, &c. &c. 


After a tedious passage of two days and nights from calms 
and dense fogs, I arrived at Great Arran early on the morning 
of August 31, and the day being delightfully sunny, I rambled 
over the north western parts of the island. In several 
enclosures, (for I cannot term them fields, this botanically 
interesting island being intersected in every direction by 
innumerable loosely piled stone barriers or bounds) I saw 
especially near the road leading to the light-house, Helian- 
themum canum growing in such abundance that I am surprised 
thatit has, until this day, escaped the notice of even the 
most indifferent observer. "These dreary and seemingly 
barren sheep enclosures present continued platforms of huge 
limestone flags, and where a separation of the rocks takes 
place, the hollows afford a scanty, but sweet herbage, and 
the botanist is greeted by an assemblage of rare and 
beautiful plants, peculiar to some of the limestone districts 
of Britain. Here Helianthemum canum profusely covered 
the bare rock, insinuating its strong roots so deeply into the 
crevices as to render it difficult to procure good specimens 
for cultivation ; while the delicate little Galium pusillum, so 
Strikingly different in its growth and character from G. saxa- 
lile, Cerastium arvense, var. strictum, similar to the form 
found by me in 1842 in the western Plasket Island, coast of 
Kerry; Arenaria verna, Asperula Cynanchica, and the rich 
purple blossoms of Geranium pratense intermingled with it 
in quantities. The deeper fissures or miniature chasms. were 
lined with the pale green tresses of Adiantum Capillus Veneris, 
the huge leaves of the Irish Ivy, Lonicera Periclymenum, 
Rubus sazatilis and R. cesius. The species of Ferns appeared to 
be few, and, with the exception of the Adiantum, none but 
the common kinds, Grammitis Ceterach, Aspl. Trichomanes, 


570 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


A. Ruta Muraria, A. marinum, (magnificent specimens), 
Scolopendrium vulgare, and Polypodium vulgare and Pteris 
aquilina, the two latter in vast profusion. Several sunny 
banks were studded with Arabis ciliata, A. hirsuta, and 
an Arabis bearing closely the character of A. bellidifolia with 
perfectly smooth obovate petioled entire radical leaves. The 
commonest thistle in the grassy plots was Carlina vulgaris, 
and with it I met a singular specimen* which I enclose, but 
I have not been able to find reference to the species. In the 
sands of the Island Brassica Monensis and Convolvulus Solda- 
nella were plentiful, and in several stations the Allium cari- 
natum, alluded to in the additions to the 5th edition of 
* British Flora.” I suspect that I have also obtained the 
true A, Ampeloprasum. 

In the N.W. part of the Island, I collected Hesperis matro- 
nalis, or, perhaps, more properly, inodora ; but could no 
where meet with Matthiola sinuata, recorded by Mr. J. T. 
Mackay as having been detected in Arran many years since. 
On the sandy turfy banks Astragalus hypoglottis, Arenaria 
verna, Sagina maritima and Neottia spiralis were frequent ; 

| the two first having been previously noticed by Mr. R. Ball. 
: The present rough observations must be considered a very 
imperfect account of the Botany of Arran, because I have not 
had leisure, since my return home, to examine my collection 
thoroughly, but such as they are, I thought they might prove 
acceptable to Botanists interested in the Flora of Ireland. 
I may mention that John Wynne, Esq., of Haslewood, Sligo, 
the discoverer on Benbulben Mount of Saxifraga nivalis, 
has lately enriched the Irish Flora with Arabis petrea, and 
the true Sazifraga pedatifida, Ehrh., the former from Ben- 
bulben, the latter from the Isle of Achill, Mayo. To these 
I have this year added Arabis stricta and Draba rupestris. | 

* The specimen sent by Mr. Andrews is Carlina racemosa, Linn., 2 
Pass South of Europe and North of Africa, probably intro- 


—————————ÀÀÁÀ— 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 571 


SCHIMPER’S Mosses. 


European and other Mosses on Sale by M. W. P. Schimper, 
Strasbourg. 


In order to defray a portion of the heavy expenses incurred 
by the publication of the Bryologia Europea, M. Schimper 
will immediately prepare for sale a certain number of sets, 
containing the normal forms of nearly all the European 
Mosses, each species to be represented by perfect and mul- 
tiple specimens, arranged like those of Drummond's Ame- 
rican Mosses. "The price of each set will be £8 sterling. 

Two peculiarly rich sets, corresponding exactly with the 
Herbarium of the University af Strasbourg, containing all 
the different forms and varieties of European Mosses, 
gathered in numerous localities, together with more than 
two hundred exotic species, of which one hundred are new, 
or, at least, undescribed, may also be had for £15 each. 
Persons desirous of purchasing are requested to apply direct 
by letter to M. Schimper, stating the mode in which their 
respective orders are to be transmitted. 


Intelligence from Mr. Bnipors in BOLIVIA. 


Cochabamba, April 3rd. 1845, 
* Sir William, 

* Since my arrival in Bolivia, now six months. ago, 1 
have not had the pleasure of receiving a letter from you. 
Previous to my departure from Valparaiso, I wrote to you 
after I had the honour to receive the letter which your kind- 
ness and influence obtained for me from his Lordship, the 
Earl of Aberdeen, destined for H.B.M. Consul in Bolivia, 
Charles Masterton, Esq. On reaching Chuquisaca, the 
capital of Bolivia, I immediately presented his Lordship's 
letter, and I am happy to inform you that Mr. Mas- 
terton gave me a most cordial and es reception, and 


572 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


made known to his Excellency, the President, General 
Ballivian, through the Minister of Foreign Affairs, the 
object of my journey to Bolivia. A few days afterwards, I 
had the honour of an interview with his Excellency, who 
received me with unexpected kindness, and most gene- 
rously promised to provide me with letters to all the Prefects 
or Governors of the various Departments of the Republic, 
which I received previous to my departure from Chuquisaca, 
and I have in all parts met with every attention from the 
authorities. After the receipt of this, you will please do me 
the favour, either verbally or by letter, to present my most 
sincere and grateful thanks to his Lordship, the Earl of 
Aberdeen, for the favour and most essential service he has 
conferred upon me, 

“I shall now attempt to give you a brief idea of what 
I have done in this singular, and in some parts, inte- 
resting country. On the 13th of September, I landed in 
Cobija, the only commercial port which the Republic pos- 
sesses, and during the few days I remained there, I made an _ 
excursion up the dry, lofty and arid mountains which run - 


parallel with the coast nearly the whole length of the - - 


Desert of Atacama. Along the coast, and at the base of 
those mountains scarcely a plant exists: itis not possible 
for a person, who has not seen this place, to picture to them- 
selves a spot so awfully barren. The only vegetation that 
is to be seen, at a distance, is a tall erect species of Cereus, 


which, if I am not mistaken, is the C. Coguimbensis of | E 


Molina, for I have found the same species at Coquimbo. 
There are two distinct species found about Coquimbo with | 
enormous long spines, but although in this respect they 
agree, their seed-vessels are widely different. The Cobija 
plant produces a large pear-shaped fruits, covered with long 
green or greyish hair, which are termed “ Pasas canas" by 


the natives, and, in certain seasons of the year, form the - = 


food of the Chinchilla. The other.species alluded to yields 
around smooth seed-vessel destitute of hair. After having 
ascended this ridge of mountains to the elevation of 1500 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 573 


feet, to my great surprise I discovered a variety of plants, 
and amongst them growing on some stunted bushes a beau- 
tiful new species of Tropeolum, somewhat similar to 7. bra- 
chyceras, but with a more expanded flower, twice the size, 
and the plant altogether much more robust. I obtained fine 
tubers and specimens of this plant, but, from what I learn, 
they have been — lost on their passage to Valpa- 
raiso. 

* Having pieced mules in Cobija for myself and two 
Chilian servants, we took the road to Potosi, and in three 
days reached the little town of Calama, forty leagues distant 
from Cobija, situated in the desert of Atacama. It was 
within thirteen leagues of this place, that I had the pleasure 
of finding in February the beautiful Pélocereus. In my 
last letter from Valparaiso, I gave you a few remarks on 
this interesting plant; since then I have seen more of 
its habits, &c., therefore shall again trouble you with 
the following observations. It is generally found on the 
slopes of bold, rugged mountains, whose aspect is towards 
the north, where it enjoys plenty of sun and a dry sandy soil. 
Frequently twenty or thirty stems proceed from the same 
root, the outer ones partly lying on the ground forming a 
curve upwards, the inner stems grow erect and are those 
which are most hairy, they seldom reach the height of 
4 feet, and from the older stems in the centre spring the 
flowers, which are of a beautiful dark red, about the size of 
C. flagelliformis ; the seed-vessels are round or rather oval, 
smooth and shining on the surface, hollow within and destitute 
of a pulpy substance ; the seeds are round and of a blackish 
colour. The place where I found it most abundantly, was 
near the vicinity of the city of Potosi at an elevation of 
12,000 feet; therefore you may judge from this it is fre- 
quently exposed to frost. In the language of the Quichuan 
Indians, it is called Quchuallo, pronounce Ke-wal-yo. The 
other enormous species of Cereus, which I mentioned, grows 
in the same localities and often attains the height of 20 feet. 
The flowers proceed from the top, and are of a dark red 


574 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


colour arranged in a circle; when viewed from a distance, 
one might imagine that a flower of a Pæonia had been arti- 
ficially placed on the plant. The stems are often 18 inches 
in diameter; the natives use the dried stems for rafters to 
their houses, also for doors, being the only timber the country 
produces in those parts. I possess, in Valparaiso, a piece of 
this wood, which on my return I will forward, for the purpose . 
of giving you an idea of its size and structure. 

“From Calama, by regular stages, I arrived at Potosi, 
one hundred and fifty-eight leagues from Cobija. We tra- 
velled on the summit of the Andes after leaving Calama, ` 
twenty leagues, often at an elevation of 13,000 feet, till we 
reached Potosi. During the whole of this long journey, 
I did not collect a single specimen, as few plants exist, and 
those we saw were not in flower, it then being the dry 
season ; were a traveller to pass the same road at the present 
time, he would be more fortunate, and might obtain many 
curious alpine plants. On the Andes, I found many inte- 
resting birds, particularly two kinds, one a new species of 
Eudromia, as large as E. elegans, but different in plumage, 
and without a crest; the other is a charming species of 
Tinochorus, much larger than 7. D'Orbignianus and of beau- 
tiful plumage. These birds inhabit the vicinity of frozen 
brooks near Tapaquilcha ; they are rare and I have never 
been able to detect them in any other place. I remained only 
afew days in Potosi, and from thence directed my way to 
Chuquisaca. After leaving Potosi, with a few leagues of a 
gradual descent, we came into a more congenial climate, and 
I had the pleasure to find a fine species of Berberis, B. vir- 
gata? of Ruiz and Pavon; also a very elegant species of 
Lycium, with long dark blue flowers. Before we arrived at 
Chuquisaca, we crossed what may be termed the head-waters 
of the river Pilcomayo. On the mountains on either side of | 
this river there is a very interesting vegetation, Here I 
found a most beautiful tree belonging to the Bignoniaceæ 
which grows to the height of 20 feet, completely covered 
with panicles of splendid dark blue flowers, the size and 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 575 


shape of Gloxinia speciosa. I verily believe, on many trees, 
there were at least 10,000 flowers. I have preserved nume- 
rous specimens of this fine plant, accompanied with the 
seed-vessels ; therefore you will, when you receive them, soon 
find the genus to which it belongs. On the banks of the 
river under the shade of trees, I met with a few plants of a 
Gesnera new to me, having a large tuberous root and pale red 
flowers. The commonest tree in the neighbourhood of 
Chuquisaca is the Schinus Molle, which grows to a large size, 
and is highly ornamental, when its long racemes of pink 
fruit are ripe. On the large trees we saw many parasitical 
species of Tillandsia, and a few species of Orchidacee, 
but not in flower. The Cactee are very numerous in this 
part of the country, and I collected about twelve species 
of Cereus and Echinocactus, many with very fine flowers, 
and all different from those of Chile. I have forwarded 
plants to Valparaiso, and by the time you receive this, 
I hope they may have arrived in England. From the 
nature of some of them, I am apprehensive they will not 
endure the long voyage to Europe. 

* Aftera month’s residence in Chuquisaca and its environs, 
I came on to Cochabamba, through the warm and unhealthy 
valleys of Moxotoro, Rio Grande and Misque, where I found 
a variety of plants, birds, &c., and I arrived here on the 24th 
of December. I have now spent three months in this place, 
which is the most delightful climate I ever experienced, the 
thermometer ranging from 68? to 74? in the shade. 

* During my residence here, I have examined the moun- 
tains in the vicinity, and have madea considerable collection. 
of dried plants, too numerous to mention. Among them are 
four species of Calceolaria, distinct from those of Chile, 
several Salvias and many genera new to me. One of the 
handsomest plants I have seen here, is a species of Begonia, 
with a large tuberous root and a fine red flower, 3 inches in 
diameter. I have sent tubers of this to Chile with direc- 
tions for England. The leaves are large and. shining, and 
the plant attains about 2 feet; it grows in arich pa 


576 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


vegetable soil, on the shelves of precipices in shady places 
on the mountains to the N.E. of Cochabamba. 

“I consider my next remittance of dried plants from this 
country will afford you more pleasure and interest than 
any you have received from me, both as to extent and 
variety, and it also may prove more novel, from the 
few travellers that have yet entered this remote country. 
I have devoted the greater part of the time I have spent 
here to ornithology and entomology. Of birds, I possess at 
least 100 species ; many of them were made known to Europe, . 
only by the labours of that eminent traveller, D’Orbigny. 
The following birds discovered by him, I have found in the 
valleys of Chuquisaca and Cochabamba; (the names extracted 
from his work); viz: Troglodytes fulvus, Saltator auranti- 
rostris, Hirundinea bellicosa, Adacyani rostris, A. nigerrima, 
Pytilus aureo-ventris, Cypselus Andicolus, Emberiza luteoce- 
phala, E. hypochondria, E. griseo-cristata, E. atriceps, Linaria 
analis, Carduelis atratus, Icterus maxillaris, Uppucerthia 
Andicola and montana, Phytotoma angustirostris, Synallaxis 
humicola, S. fuliginiceps ? S. striaticeps, S. torquata, Orpheus 
dorsalis, Turdus fusco-ater, T. Chiguanco, Phalcolenus mon- 
fanus, Picus atriventris, P. cactorum, Colaptes rupicola, 
Culicivora reguloides, Setophaga brunniceps? Serrirostrum 
carbonarium, S. psittoides, and Anthus furcatus. In Entomo- 
logy, I have been no less fortunate; but hitherto I have 
directed my attention almost alone to Coleoptera, and have 
captured several species of Nyctalius and Phancus, also 
a considerable number of species belonging to other genera. 

* [n three days from this date, I intend to leave Cocha- 
bamba, and proceed to the eastward into the provinces of 
Moxos, and Santa Cruz de la Sierra, crossing an enormous 
ridge of mountains to the N.E. of this place, and afterwards 
fall into the tropical forests. In about eight days journey, 
I shall reach the river Mamoré, and on that river I purpose 
going to Trinidad, the capital of the province of Moxos, 
where I may station myself for one or two months, and 


it is not improbable I may reach the frontiers of Brazils. 


NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ. 571 


After I leave Moxos, I shall ascend the River Piray, and 
land within a few leagues of Santa Cruz de la Sierra, and 
thence return again to Cochabamba. Should I only have 
health during this journey, I shall, without doubt, form an 
extensive collection of Natural History, which may tend to 
make known the Bolivian Flora in England; better, at least, 
than it is understood at the present day. It is not possible 
for you to form any conception of the expense and difficulty 
of conveying things after being collected, in this country, 
without roads and the means of transportation. Soon after 
my arrival in Trinidad, I will do myself the pleasure of 
writing to you again, and am, 
Sir William, 
“ Your obedient and obliged servant, 
“Tuomas BRIDGES.” 


Notes on Mimosez, with a Synopsis of Species. By GEORGE 
BENTHAM, Esa. 


Tribe III. AcAcrE:. 
(Continued from Vol. III. p. 226.) 
(Foliis simpliciter pinnatis.) 
XXVIII. Inca, Martius.—Inge foliis simpliciter pinnatis, 
; Willd., DC. 

Flores hermaphroditi, rarius polygami. Calyx tubulosus 
V. campanulatus, 2-5-dentatus. Corolla tubulosa v. infundi- 
buliformis. Stamina indefinita, sæpius numerosa, corolla 
duplo v. pluries longiora, basi in tubum coalita. Ovarium 
unicum. Legumen carnosum v. coriaceum, planum tetra- 
gonum v. subteres, rectum v. subincurvum, vix dehiscens, 
marginibus incrassatis v. valde dilatatis et sulcatis. Semina 
pulpa dulci, saepe nivea, involuta.—Frutices v. arbores America 
calidioris, inermes. Folia simpliciter abrupte pinnata. Pe- 
tiolus inter juga foliolorum sæpe in alam expansus, alis semper 
ad nodos interruptis. Glandule inter omnia paria scutellate, 
turbinatæ vel stipitatæ, in speciebus perpaucis obsolete v 

VOL. Iv. | UU 


578 NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ. 


plane nulle.  Foliola omnia opposita, paucijuga, majuscula 
nunc maxima (rarissime infra pollicem longa, interdum ultra- 
pedalia) ex oblongo v. lanceolato ovata. Flores in umbellas, 
capitula v. spicas oblongas v. rarius elongatas dispositi. 
Spice solitarie v. ssepius fasciculatim pedunculate, axillares v. 
ad apices ramulorum foliis abortientibus paniculate. Flores 
sæpissime albi. 

As already stated under Pithecolobium, the absolute cha- 
racter here relied on for distinguishing Jnga is the simply 
pinnate, not bipinnate leaves. The generality of the species 
differ, it is true, essentially from Pithecolobium in the thicker, 
more fleshy, almost indehiscent pod, with a remarkably thick- 
ened or dilated margin, and never spirally twisted, and the 
flowers are usually longer with a hairy corolla, but many 
species have precisely the flower of Pithecolobium, and even 
the differences in the pod run from one genus to the other by 
almost inappreciable gradations, so that unless the positive 
(and in Leguminose important) character derived from the 
foliage be taken into account, we must either reunite all the 
monadelphous Mimoseæ into one genus, or have recourse to 
vague characters, difficult to appreciate, and still more so to 
describe, and after all remain in doubt as to all species where 
the pod is undescribed—that is, more than one third of the 
whole number known. 

The inflorescence and some other characters have appeared 
to me sufficient to establish the five following substantive 
sections : 

I. Leprinea. Racemi umbelleformes, receptaculo sub- 
| globoso, pedicellis elongatis. Flores parvi, glabri v. tenuiter 
| puberuli.—Species 1-14, 

. IL Diapema. Capitula globosa, longe pedunculata. 
Tee parvi, sessiles v. brevissime pedicellati, tenues, glabri 

. vix puberuli.—Species 15-22. 

"HL Burconia. Spice cylindricæ. Flores parvi, nume- - 
rosi, glabri v. vix puberuli. Calyx campanulatus, corolla 
pluries brevior.—Species 23-36. : 
| IV. PsEuDINGA. Spice ovate v. oblonge. Calyx tubu- ug 
losus. Corolla, speciebus paucis (Glabrifloris) exceptis y yk — 


NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ. 579 


losa, . Legumen planum marginibus incrassatis quam facies 
multo angustioribus.—Species 37-86. 

V. EuiNGA. Spice ovate v. oblonge. Calyx tubulosus 
v.tubuloso-campanulatus. Corolla villosa. Leguminis mar- 
gines valde dilatati, sulcati, quam facies vix angustiores v. 
latiores easque interdum obtegentes. —Species 87-128. 

The difficulty in determining the species, especially of the 
two last sections, is unusually great, the foliage and flowers 
of half-a-dozen or more species are often so similar as to 
render it almost impossible to characterize them without the 
pod, which very seldom accompanies the specimens. The 
characters derived from the proportionate length of the calyx, 
corolla and staminal tube vary, even after the flower is ex- 
panded, according to the period of its development; the in- 
florescence, whether chiefly axillary or terminal, can scarcely 
be judged of from the fragments which our herbaria will hold 
of these large-leaved trees ; the number and size of the leaflets 
depend often on the part of the branch whence the specimen 
is taken; and the hairiness is often very abundant on the 
young leaves and branches, and entirely worn off with time. 
It is, therefore, very probable that many of the species here 
described as new, may hereafter be found to be the same as 
some of those already described which I have not seen. On 
the other hand, it may be observed that the species of Inga 
do not in general appear to be very widely diffused, and that 
most of Willdenow’s, and others which are unknown to me, 
come from Para or Caraccas, from neither of which localities: 
I have any specimens. 

Sect. I. Leprinca. Racemi umbellæformes, receptaculo. 
subgloboso, pedicellis elongatis, calyce sæpius multo longiori- 
bus, rarius calyce ampliore brevioribus. Flores parvi, glabri 
V. tenuiter puberuli. 

1. I. myriantha, (Pæpp.! et Endl, Nov. Gen. et Sp. 3, P. 
77, t. 289) ramulis inflorescentiaque tomentellis, foliis glabris, - 
Petiolo alato, glandulis magnis, foliolis bijugis elliptico-ob- 
longis acuminatis coriaceis nitidis, umbellis pedunculatis sub- 
| racemosis, floribus tomentellis, oe corolla ae quam 
Tu. v 


580 NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ. 


pedicellus plus duplo breviore, tubo stamineo vix exserto.— 
Foliola majora 4-5-pollicaria.  Petioli ale latiuscule. Pe- 
dunculi 1-14-pollicares. Bracteole subulatæ. Flores 4-5 
lin. longi.—British Guiana, Schomburgk, coll. 1843, n. 751 
(1400) ; Woods of the province of Maynas, Peppig; Lamas 
in Peru, Mathews, n. 1593. 

2. I. umbratica (Poepp.! et Endl. 1. c. p. 77) ramulis inflo- 
rescentia foliisque junioribus tomentoso-puberulis, petiolo 
interrupte alato, foliolis bijugis amplis ovali-oblongis ellipti- 
cisve coriaceis, glandulis magnis, umbellis brevissime pedun- 
culatis, floribus tomentellis, calyce corolla plus duplo quam 
pedicellus pluries breviore, tubo stamineo longe exserto, 
legumine recto plano glabro.—I. myrianthe affinis, sed cha- 
racteribus datis facile distincta. Foliola majora 8 poll. longa. 
— Woods of the province of Maynas, Peppig. 

3. I. sciadion (Steud. ! Flora, 1843, p. 758) ramulis foliisque 
glabris, petiolo complete alato, glandulis majusculis, foliolis 
bijugis ovatis v. ovali-oblongis breviter acuminatis coriaceis 
nitidis, umbellis brevissime pedunculetis; floribus tomentellis, 
calyce corolla pedicelloque plus duplo breviore, tubo stamineo 
breviter exserto.—Ab I. umbratica differt imprimis foliolis 
triplo minoribus, petioli alis ad foliola inferiora attingentibus, 
et staminum tubo breviore.—Surinam, Hostmann, n. 170. 

4. I. brevipes (Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 2, p. 144) 
ramulis foliis et inflorescentia molliter puberulis, petiolo alato, 
glandulis majusculis, foliolis bijugis ovatis oblongisve acumi- 
natis basi rotundatis cordatisve coriaceis, umbellis brevissime 
pedunculatis, floribus tomentosis, calyce corolla subduplo 
quam pedicellus paullo breviore, tubo stamineo vix exserto. 
—À precedentibus pube facile distincta. Ale petioli late. 
Foliola majora 5-pollicaria.— British Guiana, Schomburgk, 1st. 
Coll. n. 740. 

5. I. leptopus, glabra, petiolo nudo, plaidulis parvis v. 
obscuris, foliolis bijugis ovali-ellipticis v. ovato-oblongis co- 
riaceis nitidis, umbellis longiuscule pedunculatis, floribus 
elongatis glabriusculis, calyce tubuloso corolla triplo quam 
pedicellus pluries breviore, tubo stamineo exserto, legumine 
plano marginato glabro.—Foliola majora 4-5 pollicaria. Sti- 


NOTES ON MIMOSEZ. 581 


pulæ lanceolato-falcatæ vel oblong. ^ Pedicelli capillares, 9 
lin. longi. Corolle 5 lin. longe. Leguminis margines elevati. 
—On the Amazon river, Peppig ; Lamas, in Peru, Mathews. 

6. I. sertulifera, (DC. Prod. 2, p. 436), ramulis petiolis 
pedunculisque ferrugineo-tomentellis, petiolo sub foliolis bre- 
vissime alatov.nudo, glandulis parvis, foliolis sub-bijugis ovatis 
v. ovato-oblongis coriaceis nitidis glabris, umbellis peduncu- 
latis, floribus glabriusculis, calyce corolla pedicelloque 3-4-plo 
breviore, tubo stamineo subexserto, legumine crasso compresso 
leviter marginato glabro.—Mimosa coriacea, Pers. Syn. 2, p. 
262.—Inga coriacea, Desv. Journ. Bot. 1814, 1, p. 71.— 
Foliola ultima 4-5 poll. longa, 14-2 poll. lata. Stipule falcato- 
oblonge v. lineares. Pedunculi 11-2-pollicares. Bracteole 
parve. Calyx 1 lin. corolla fere 4 lin. longa. Tota siccitate 
sæpius nigrescit.—British Guiana, Parker; French Guiana, 
Leprieur ; Surinam, Hostmann, n. 237. 

B? minor, glabra, foliolis ultimis 3-4-pollicaribus vix co- 
riaceis, pedunculis brevioribus, calycibus minoribus; an 
species propria ?— British Guiana, Schomburgk, 2nd Coll. n. 
810, (1427.) 

7. I. umbellifera (Steud.—DC. Prod. 2, p. 432), ramulis 
inflorescentiaque tomentellis, petiolo breviter et anguste alato, 
glandulis scutellatis, foliolis bijugis oblongo-lanceolatis utrin- 
que angustatis coriaceis nitidis, umbellis longe pedunculatis, 
floribus subglabris, calycibus corolla pedicelloque plus qua- 
druplo brevioribus, legumine plano marginato minute tomen- 
tello.—Mimosa umbellifera, Vahl. Ecl. Amer. 3, p. 30.— 
Foliola multo angustiora quam in I. sertulifera, ultima 3-34- 
pollicaria; petiolus evidentius alatus ; pedunculi longiores ; 
flores consimiles.— British Guiana, Schomburgk. 

8. I. virgultosa (Desv. Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 1, v. 9, p. 426), 
ramulis apice tomentosis, petiolo anguste alato, glandulis 
minutis, foliolis 3-4-jugis (parvis) ovato-lanceolatis glabris 

nitidis, umbellis pedunculatis, calyce minuto corolla pedicel- 
loque multoties breviore, tubo stamineo longiuscule exserto, 
legumine crasso compresso.—Mimosa virgultosa, Vahl. Ecl. 
3, p. 32.—From the description, it appears that this species 


582 NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ. 


(which I have not seen) is vei y near to I. keferophylla, if not 
a mere variety with downy branches. The leeflets are said to 
be from 1 to 13 inches long. The calyx, well described by 
Vahl, is so small that Desvaux could not see it.—Cayenne. 

L—- 9. I. heterophylla (Wild. Spec. 4, p. 1020), glaberrima, 
petiolo nudo v. anguste marginato, glandulis stipitatis parvis, 
foliolis (parvis) 1-4-jugis oblongis v. ovato-oblongis acuminatis 
nitidis, umbellis breviter pedunculatis, floribus glaberrimis 
tenuibus, calyce campanulato corolla pedicelloque multoties 
breviore, tubo stamineo longiuscule exserto.—1. protracta, 
Steud. Flora, 1843, p. 758.—Foliola vulgo bijuga, majora 1-2 
poll. longa, pleraque tamen multo minora. Glandule adsunt 
etiam in speciminibus Hostmannianis. — British Guiana, 
Parker; Surinam, Hostmann, n, 1194, 

10. I. graciliflora, glabriuseula, petiolo nudo, glandulis 
sessilibus sspe obscuris, foliolis trijugis amplis oblongo- 
ellipticis utrinque acutis subtus ad costam puberulis mem- 
branaceis, umbellis in ramis annotinis fasciculatis brevissime 
pedunculatis, calyce minuto quam corolla gracilis v. pedicellus 
pluries breviore, tubo stamineo longe exserto.—Foliola ma- 
jora semipedalia. Petioles teres v. vix angulatus. Corolla 
fere 3 lin. longa, tubo gracillimo, fauce campanulata, tubus 
staminens tenuis corolla fere duplo longior.— British Guiana, 
Schomburgk, 2nd Coll. n. 756, (1396.) 

11. I. flagelliformis (Mart. Herb. Fl. Bras. p. 112), glabra, pe- 
tiolo nudo, glandulis sessilibus sæpe obscuris, stipulis faleato- 
ovatis, foliolis 3-5 jugis rarius bijugis oblongo-ellipticis utrin- 
que acutis nitidis coriaceis, pedunculo rigido elongato, floribus 
tubulosis glabriusculis, calycibus corolla plus duplo quam 
pedicellus pluries breviore, tubo stamineo corollam æquante.— 
Mimosa flagelliformis, Vell. Fl. Flum. 11,t. 27.—Foliola majora 
4-6-pollicaria. Petioli teretes v. sub foliolis angulati, rarius 
obsolete marginati. Stipule ample. Pedunculi 2-4-polli- 
cares, pedicelli 9 lin., corolla 4 lin. longa. Bracteolæ setaceæ, 
apice spathulate, 1 lin. longæ.— Province of Rio Janeiro and 
Minas Geraes, Lushnath, Martius, etc. In someof Martius’ sets 
the I, cordistipula has been by mistake sent as 1. flagelliformis. 


NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ. 583 


12. I. quaternata (Popp. et Endl. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 3, p. 
79), ramulis petiolis foliisque glabris, petiolo nudo, glandulis 
perparvis v. nullis, foliolis 4-jugis membranaceis obovato-ob- 
longis acute acuminatis basi cuneatis, pedunculis fasciculato- 
quaternis in paniculum terminalem pubescentem dispositis, 
floribus subracemoso-umbellatis, calyce hispido pubescente, 
corolla sericea, staminum tubo incluso.— Foliola terminalia 9 
poll. longa, 3% poll. lata. Panicula pedalis, aphylla. Bracteæ 
minute. Pedicelli 3 lin. longi. Corolla pube sericea nitens, 
calyce infundibuliformi duplo longior.—Woods of Ega, in 
North Brasil, Peppig. Unknown to me. 

13. I. Sellowiana, glabra, petiolo anguste alato, stipulis 
lineari-falcatis, glandulis parvis, foliolis 2-3-jugis oblongis v. 
oblongo-lanceolatis utrinque angustatis coriaceis nitidis, um- 
bellis peduneulatis, floribus tubulosis glabris, calyce campanu- 
lato parvo corolla quadruplo quam pedicellus 2-3-plo breviore, 
tubo stamineo exserto.—A precedentibus differt imprimis pe- 
dicellis brevibus raro 2 lin. longis. Stipulæ acutissimæ, sæpe 
persistentes. Foliola ultima 2-24-pollicaria. Pedunculi tenues. 
Bracteole minute. Calyx vix semilinea longior. Corolla 24-8 
lin. longus.— Brasil, Sello. 

æ 14.L cordistipula (Mart. Herb. Fl. Bras. p. 111),glabra, petiolo 
anguste alatov. rarius subnudo, glandulis parvis v. nullis, stipulis 
late et oblique ovatis, foliolis 1-3-jugis oblongis v. oblongo-lan- 
ceolatis utrinque angustatis nitidis, umbellis pedunculatis, ca- 
lyce campanulato quam corolla vix duplo breviore pedicellum 
vix æquante, legumine crassiusculo glabro leviter marginato.— 
Mimosa plana, Veil. Fl. Flum. 11, t. 10.—Species stipulis, 
bracteis et calyce facile distincta. Foliola ultima 3-pollicaria. 

. Petioliale nunc utrinque fere lineam late, nunc evanescentes. 
Pedicelli 1-3 lin. longi. Bracteæ obovato-spathulate. Calyx 
laxus, glaberrimus, striatus, basi attenuatus, 3-37 lin. longus. 
—Tropical Brasil, Pohl, Sello, Boaz ; Rio Janeiro, Lushnath ; 
also distributed by Martius, in some sets at least, unu 
n. 154. 

Sect. II. Diapema. Flores in capitulo globoso longe p bei 

: se sessiles v. rarius breviter D ne parvi, tenues, 


584 NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ, 


glabri. Petioli nudi v. rarius angustissime margini. Glan- 
dule parve v. obsolete. 

15. I. nutans (Mart. Herb. Fl. Bras. p. 114), glabra, foliolis 
4-5-jugis ovato-oblongis utrinque angustatis obtusis sæpius 
mucronulatis, pedunculo longo tenui, pedicellis calyce cam- 
panulato parvo subbrevioribus, corolla calyce multoties 
longiore, tubo stamineo longiuscule exserto.— Mimosa nutans, 
Vell. Fl. Flum. 11, t. 44.—Foliola majora 14-pollicaria, ple- 
raque multo minora. Pedunculi filiformes, bipollicares. Pe- 
dicelli et calyces vix semilinea longiores. Corolla 3-linearis. 
— Brasil, Pohl. | 

B tenuis, foliolis minoribus 5-6-jugis.— Mimosa tenuis, 
Vell. Fl. Flum. 11, t. 11.—Inga tenuis, Mart. Herb. Fl. Bras. 
p. 114.—Rio Janeiro, Lushnath, Reidel. 

16. I. diadema (Mart. Herb. Fl. Bras. p. 114), foliolis 
4-5-jugis elliptico-oblongis utrinque angustatis, pedunculo 
longo tenui, floribus sessilibus ?—Mimosa diadema Vell. Fl. 
Flum. 11, t. 45— Brasil. This I have not seen, but from 
Velloso’s figure it appears to be near I. nutans on a large 
scale, the leaflets are three or four inches long, the peduncles 
7 to 8 inches. In the figures of both species, the artist has 
found it too much trouble to distinguish the calyx corolla 
and stamens. 

17. I. schinifolia, glabra, foliolis parvis 8-12-jugis oblongo- 
rhombeis subfalcatis, pedunculo longo tenui, floribus sessi- 
libus tubulosis, calyce ovato corolla multoties breviore, tubo 
stamineo incluso.—Foliola semipollicaria v. paullo longiora. 
Pedunculi 1-14-pollicares. Corolle tenuissime fere 4 lin. 
longee.—Organ mountains, Miers. 

18. I. fubulifera, ramis petiolis pedunculisque ferrugineo- 
pubescentibus, foliolis 6-7-jugis oblique oblongis v. lanceo- 
lato-ovatis pubescentibus v. supra demum glabratis nitidis, 
pedunculis folio brevioribus, floribus sessilibus, calyce corolla - 
multoties breviore, tubo  stamineo subincluso.— Foliola 
pleraque 13-23 poll. longa, 6-10 lin. lata, infima brevia ovata. 
Pedunculi 2-23-pollicares. ^ Bracteole setaceæ. Corolle 
graciles, 4 lin. longæ.—Panama, Cuming, n. 1282. 


NOTES ON MIMOSEX. 585 


19. I. rufescens, ramis petiolis pedunculisque ferrugineo- 
villosis, foliolis -4-5-jugis obovali-oblongis basi oblique sub- 
cordatis membranaceis pubescentibus supra vix demum 
glabratis, pedunculis folio brevioribus, floribus sessilibus.— 
Ab I. tubulifera differt pube copiosiore longiore, foliolis 
paucioribus tenuioribus, ultimis 2-3 poll. longis, 12-15 lin. 
latis, rete venarum supra conspicua. Pedunculi tenuiores. 
Bracteole setaceæ, longiores.—In an island off the coast of 
Veragua, Hinds. The flowers in the specimen are not yet 
open. | 

20. I. globulifera, ramulis petiolis pedunculis costisque 
foliorum ferrugineo-tomentellis, foliolis sub-4-jugis obovali- 
v. oblongo-ellipticis basi breviter cuneatis, pedunculis elon- 
gatis, floribus sessilibus, corolla tenuissima calyce puberulo 
plus triplo longore.— Species affinis /nge Jinicuil, sed foliola 
minora, tenuiora, subtus ad venas pube minuta tomentella 
nec glabra. Bracteæ subulatæ. Flores tenuissimi, 3j lin. 
longi. Calyx 1 lin. longus, tubulosus, apice puberulus.— 
Coast of Veragua, Barclay. 

L- 81. I. Jinicuil (Schlecht.! Linnen, 12, p. 559), glabra, 
foliolis trijugis ovali- v. oblongo-ellipticis breviter cuneatis 
apice acutiusculis nitidulis, pedunculis elongatis, corolla calyce 
puberulo triplo longiore, legumine plano glabro. — Foliola 
majora 4-6 poll. longa. Pedunculi 1-3-pollicares. Calyx 
1 lin., corolla 3 lin. longa.—Jalapa, Schiede, Of this I have 
not seen the flowers myself. ^. 

22. I. Billbergiana, ramulis petiolis pedunculis costisque 
foliolorum ferrugineo-pubescentibus, foliolis bijugis ovali- 
ellipticis basi breviter cuneatis supra nitidulis, pedunculis 
elongatis, floribus sessilibus.—Affinis I. Jinicuil, pubes I. 
globulifere, sed foliola semper bijuga videntur. Capitula et 
bracteze præcedentium.— Porto Bello, Biliberg. 'The flowers 
are not yet open in the only specimen I have seen. 

Sect. III. BunGoN1a. Spice cylindricæ. Flores parvi, 
numerosi, glabri v. pilis brevissimis leviter puberuli. Calyx 
campanulatus, corolla pluries brevior.— Petioli nudi v. sæpius 
anguste alati. Glandule sessiles, scutellate v. pezizæformes. 


586 NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ. 


Spicæ vulgo axillares, solitariæ v. fasciculatæ, breviter pedun- 
culate, 1-3-pollicares. Flores sessiles, vix unquam tres lineas 
superant. Bracteæ minute. 

23. T. tetraphylla (Mart.! Herb. Fl. Bras. p. 112), glabra 
v. ramulis rarius puberulis, petiolo nudo y. angustissime 
marginato, foliolis bijugis ovatis v. ovato-oblongis obtuse 
acuminatis coriaceis nitidis, spicis elongatis, calyce corolla 
2-3-plo breviore, tubo stamineo longiuscule exserto, legu- 
mine plano glabro.— Mimosa tetraphylla Vell. Fl. Fium. 11, 
t. 8.—Arbor parva. Foliola 3, rarius 4 poll. longa, 13-2 poll. 
lata. Corolle 24 lin. longe, tubo brevi, fauce campanulata 
4-5-loba. Staminum tubus corolla fere duplo longior, quo 
charactere et corolla latiore hæc species preecipue differt ab 
I. daurina.—Tropical Brasil near Bahia, Salzmann, Lushnath, 
Blanchet, n. 1832, Martius, herb. Bras. n. 1094, on the Rio 
S. Francisco, Claussen, near Crato, Gardner, n. 1583. 

B. parvifolia, arbor elata.—Pernambuco, Gardner, n. 954. 

24. I. Guayaquilensis (G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2, p. 391).— 
This is considered by Walpers (Linnea 14, p. 298), to be the 
same as the Brasilian I. ¢e/raphylla, and if that be the case, 
Don’s name claims the priority; but without a careful com- 
parison of specimens, it is scarcely advisable to unite two 
species from countries so widely distant as Guayaquil and 
Bahia. I have not met with any species of this section 
amongst the Guayaquil collections I have seen. 

25. I. laurina (Willd. Spec. 4, p. 1018), glabra, petiolo 
nudo v. vix angustissime marginato, foliolis bijugis ovatis 
v. ovato-oblongis obtusis v. ilie acuminatis coriaceis 
nitidis, spicis dongin calyce corolla 3-4-plo breviore, tabo 
stamineo incluso, legumine plano glabro.—Mimosa laurina 
Sw.! Fi. Ind. Occid. 2, p. 978.—Foliola majora 2-3 poll. 
longa, 15-18 lin. lata. Spicæ 2-3-pollicares, laxe. Corolla 
3 lin. longa.—West Indies; Martinica, Bernhardi, Sieber, 
n. 324; Trinidad, Sieber, n. 120. 

26. I. cylindrica (Mart, Herb. Fl. Bras. p. 114), glabra 
v. ramulis foliisque junioribus tomentoso-puberulis, petiolo 
nudo v. angustissime hinc inde sub foliolis marginato, foliolis 


NOTES ON MIMOSEZÆ. 587 


2-3-jugis anguste oblongis utrinque angustatis, spicis elon- 
gatis, calyce corolla quadruplo breviore, tabo stamineo 
longiuscule exserto, legumine plano glabro.—Mimosa cylin- 
drica, Vell. Fi. Flum. 11, t. 9.—Valde affinis I. semialate 
et forte ejus varietas; petiolus tamen rarissime subalatus et 
tubus stamineus longior.  Foliola sæpe trijuga.— Tropical 
Brasil, Pohl, Boaz. 

27. I. coruscans (Humb. et Bonpl. in Willd. Spec. 4, 
p. 1017), glabra, petiolo nudo, foliolis trijugis oblongis utrin- 
que angustatis coriaceis nitidis, spicis elongatis, calyce 
corolla pluries breviore, tubo stamineo vix exserto.—Ab I, 
cylindrica differt foliolis majoribus latioribus coriaceis; 
flores etiam tenuiores confertiores, calyx minor, staminum 
tubus multo brevior.—On the Magdalena river, Humboldt 
and Bonpland; British Guiana, Schomburgk, 2nd Coll. n. 72 
and 214. 

28. I. pezizifera, ramulis novellis inflorescentiaque tomen- 
tellis, foliis glabris, petiolo nudo, glandulis maximis pezizi- 
formibus, foliolis 4-jugis ovato-oblongis acuminatis coriaceis 
nitidis, spicis oblongo-cylindricis, calycibus corolla 4-plo 
brevioribus, tubo stamineo exserto—Foliola 3-4-pollicaria. 
Inflorescentia et flores I. Bourgoni. Species inter Burgoniis 
apteris facile distinguitur glandulis maximis.— British Guiana, 
Schomburgk, 2nd. Coll. n. 194 (50). 

29. I. polystachya, glabra v. ramulis inflorescentiaque 
tomentoso-puberulis, petiolo nudo, floribus quadri-rarius 
tri-jugis ovato-oblongis obtusis v. obtuse acuminatis coriaceis 
nitidis, spicis numerosis elongatis multifloris, calyce corolla — 
subtriplo breviore, tubo stamineo subexserto.—Foliola fere 
E tetraphylle sed fere semper 4-juga. Spice 3-4-pollicares, 
floribunde. Flores quam in affinibus minores; corolla vix 
unquam 2 lin. longa.— Tropical Brasil, Pohl. 

30. I. ienuifolia, glabra, petiolo nudo, foliolis 4-jugis lan- 
ceolatis acutis basi angustatis, spicis cylindricis, calyce 
corolla triplo breviore, tubo stamineo incluso.—Foliola mem- 
branacea, majora 11-2-pcll. longa, 5-6 lin. lata. veli fere 


588 ‘NOTES ON MIMOSE. 


I. Bourgoni sed longius pedunculate. Corolla vix 2 lim 
longa.— Brasil, at Gongo-soco, Riedel. 

31. I. marginata (Willd. Spec. 4. p. 1015), ramis foliisque 
glabris, petiolo sub foliis anguste et longiuscule alato, foliolis 
bijugis elliptico-oblongis acuminatis nitidis, spicis elongatis 
laxis, calyce corolla pluries breviore, tubo stamineo subex- 
serto, * legumine lineari nodoso."—Mimosa fagifolia Linn. 
Spec. p. 1498.—Foliola suprema 3-4-pollicaria. Spice tri- 
pollicares. Bracteæ minute, ovate, cuspidatæ.—Caraccas, 
Bredemeyer, British Guiana, Schomburgk, 2nd. Coll. n. 918 
(1443).—The consistence of the leaves and inflorescence of 
this plant bring it much nearer to I. laurina than to I. Bour- 
goni to which it is usually referred, it is also near I. semia- 
lata; but the wings of the petiole are longer and narrower, 
the leaves shorter and firmer, the bracts shorter and broader, 
and the pod (which I have not seen) is very differently 
described. Kunth’s I. marginata, considered by De Candolle 
as distinct, is said by others to be the true I. marginata, 
Wilid., but as neither flowers nor fruit have been seen, it 
cannot at any rate be admitted as a separate species. 

32. I. Burgoni (DC. Prod. 2 p. 434), ramis foliisque 
glabris, petiolo sub folis breviter alato, foliolis 2-3-jugis 
ovali-oblongis acuminatis nitidis, spicis oblongo-cylindricis 
densis, calyce corolla pluries breviore, tubo stamineo exserto, 
legumine plano glabro.—Mimosa Bourgoni, Aubl? Pl. Gui. 
2. p. 941. et 358.—M. alba Vahl Ecl. 3. p. 31 an Swartz ?— 
Inga alba DC. Prod. 2. p. 433.—Arbor 20-40 pedalis. Partes 
novellæ et rhachis spicarum levissime tomentellæ, et pili 
pauci breves adsunt in calyce bracteisque. Stipulæ anguste 
lanceolate, deciduæ. Foliola adulta 4-5-pollicaria, nitida. 
Bractez minute, ovate, cuspidate. Flores 4-5-meri, tenues, 
uti in plerisque hujus sectionis albi. Calyx vix 2 lin, 
corolla 3 lin., stamina 7-8 lin. longa.— British Guiana, Schom- 
burgk, 1st. Coll. n. 4715 French Guiana, Aublet, etc.; Suri- 
nam, Hostmann, n. 77 and 976. 

uw 33. I. semialata (Mart.! Herb. Pl. Bras. p. 114), glabra 


NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ, 589 


v. ramulis foliisque junioribus leviter pubescentibus, petiolo 
sub foliolis superioribus alato, foliolis bijugis rarius trijugis 
anguste oblongis utrinque angustatis membranaceis, spicis 
elongatis, calyce corolla 3-4-plo breviore, tubo stamineo 
breviter exserto, legumine plano glabro.— Mimosa semia- 
lata, Vell. Fl. Flum. 11, t. 5.—Foliola adulta 3-4-poll. longa, 
10-15 lin. lata. Ala sub pari superiore nunc brevis nunc ad 
par infimum attingens, angusta v. latiuscula. Spice inter- 
ruptæ. Bractez lanceolato-setaceæ, decidue. Calyx pilis 
paucis hirtellus. Corolla 2 lin. v. rarius 24 lin. longa.— 
Provinces of Rio Janeiro and Minas Geraes, Riedel, Miers, 
Martius, n. 152, Vauthier, n. 87, Gardner, n. 365, Sello, Pohl, 
&c.; South Brasil, Tweedie. 

B. latifolia (Mart.! Herb. Fl. Bras. n. 1091), foliolis 
adultis 6-8 poll. longis, 2-21 poll. latis, corollis 3 lin. longis. 
—Tropical Brazil, Sello, Pohl, Martius. 

34. I. excelsa (Poepp.! et Endl. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 3. p. 78), 
foliis glabris, petiolo sub foliolis superioribus breviter alato, 
foliolis bijugis oblongis utrinque angustatis, spicis elongatis, 
calyce corolla triplo breviore, tubo stamineo incluso “ legu- 
mine tereti toruloso glabro."—Simillima I. semialatæ, differt 
Staminibus et ex auctoribus legumine quodipse non vidi.— 
Peru under the Andes, Peppig; at Casapi, Matthews, 
^. 1922. 

35. I. puberula, ramulis pedunculis foliisque janioribus 
hirto-puberulis, petiolo sub foliolis superioribus anguste alato, 
foliolis bijugis oblongis utrinque angustatis, spicis elongatis 
laxis, calyce corolla triplo breviore, tubo stamineo incluso v. 


breviter exserto ; “legumine moniliformi."— Inter I. excelsa, 


et I. pycnostachya media, a priore differt pube, ab hac ala 
petioli angustiore breviore nunc angustissima, spica laxiore, 
etc. An varietas I. semialate ? sed legumen (quod ipse non 
vidi) diversum dicitur.— Tropical Brasil, Pohl, Guillemin; 
near Bahia, Lushnath. 

36. I. pycnostachya, ramulis petiolisque pilosulis, petiolo 
alato, foliolis bijugis anguste oblongis longe et obtuse acu- 
minatis basi angustatis utrinque pilosulis, spicis SET 


— 


590 NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ. 


densis, floribus minute pilosiusculis, calyce campanulato 
corolla 4-plo breviore, tubo stamineo vix exserto.—Arbor 
habitu et inflorescentia I. excelse et I. puberule similis sed 
flores confertiores et ala petioli ad foliola inferiora attingit et 
superne utrinque 1-2 lin. lata est. Corolla 2 lin. longa. Legu- 
men ignotum.— Province of Mozobamba, Peru, Mathews. 

The I. martinicensis, Presl. inserted below n. 47 may pos- 
sibly belong to the section Boargonia. 

Sect. IV. Pseunixca. Spice ovate dense v. longiores 
basi laxæ v. interrupta. Flores sessiles v. rarius brevissime 
pedicellati. Calyx tubulosus v. anguste tubuloso-campanu- 
latus. Corolla speciebus paucis exceptis, villosa. Legumen 
planum, marginibus elevatis latitudine leguminis multo 
angustioribus.—This section is readily distinguished from 
the preceding ones by the inflorescence, from Euinga it is 
scarcely known but by the pod. The flowers are usually 
more slender, the calyx smooth or clothed with appressed 
hairs, the corolla generally very hairy, but in the Glabriflore 
quite smooth, sometimes as small as in the preceding 
sections, sometimes two or three times as long, the petiole 
often without wings, but sometimes as broadly winged as in 
Euinga. As there are so many species of which the pod is 
unknown, the limits between this section and Euinga cannot 
be as yet very precisely defined, and itis very likely that 
some species may here be impropeily referred to the one or 
to the other, 

§ 1. Glabriflore. — Calyx glaber v. tenuiter pubescens. 
Corolla glabra. Series a Bourgoniis inflorescentia et calyce 
longiore differt. 


* Petiolo alato. 


37. L. sapida (Humb. et Kunth, Nov. Gen. et Sp. 6 
p. 286), glaberrima, petiolo anguste alato, foliolis bijugis 
elliptico-oblongis acuminatis basi membranaceis, glandulis 
siepe obscuris, pedunculis brevissimis, spicis ovato-oblongis, 
floribus parvis, corolla calyce subtriplo longiore, tubo sta- - 
mineo longe exserto.—Foliola ultima 5 poll longa, 2 poll. 


NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ. 591 


lata. Spicam unicam vidi brevem paucifloram. Flores fere 
Sect. Bourgoniæ, tenues, 3 lin. longe. Calyx tubulosus, 
lineam longus, tenuissime pubescens. Tota planta cæterum 
glaberrima.— British Guiana, Schomburgk, 1st. Coll. n. 595. 

38. I. sapindoides, (Willd. Spec. 4. p. 1012), ramulis hirtis, 
petiolo inter paria lineari-alato basi nudo, foliolis 4-5-jagis 
oblongis acuminatis supra nitidis subtus scabriusculis, spicis 
oblongis brevibus pedunculatis, legumine lineari glabro.— 
Foliola superiora 4-pollicaria. Legumen pedale.—Caraccas, 
Bredemeyer. Unknown to me. 


* Petiolo nudo, glandulis sepius obscuris v. plane nullis. 


39. I. albicans (Walp. Linnea, 14 p. 298), glaberrima, 
foliolis bijugis ovato-oblongis utrinque acuminatis coriaceis 
nitidis, glandulis parvis vel obscuris, stipulis lineari-v. lan- 
ceolato-falcatis, pedunculis rhachi sublongioribus, spicis 
ovatis densis v. longioribus interruptis, calyce tubuloso 
corolle dimidium equante.—I. calycina Salzm.! Pl. exs.— 
I, peduncularis, Mart.! Herb. Fl. Bras. n. 1095.—Foliola 
ultima 3-4-pollicaria v. in speciminibus vegetioribus inter- 
dum semipedalia. Pedunculi erecti, 2-3-pollicares. Brac- 
teole parva. Flores albi, in sicco nigricantes, 6 lin. longi. 
Calyx nunc ad medium, nunc ad duas tertias corolle attin- 
Bens, striatus, uti in plerisque Pseudingis et nonnullis Euingis 
Sepe irregulariter fissus. Stamina sesquipollicaria.—Tropical 
Brasil, Pohl, Sello; near Bahia Martius, Salzmann, Lushnath; 
Surinam, Hostmann, n. 258. Kogi 

40. I. unijuga (Popp. et Endl. Noy. Gen. et Sp. 3. 
P- 79), glaberrima, eglandulosa, foliolis unijugis oblongis basi 
valde inæquali et obliqua acutis subcoriaceis venoso-margi- 
natis, pedunculis petiolo zequalibus paucifloris, floribus glabris, 
leguminibus falcatis pubescentibus.—Arbor excelsa. Foliola 
adulta 10 poll. longa, 4 poll. lata. Pedunculi fasciculati, 
2 lin. longi. Legumen 5 poll. longum, compressum, fal- 
catum, suturis tumidis, valvis coriaceis pubescentibus.— 
. Woods about Ega on the Amazon river, Pappig. This 
_ Species, which I have not seen, is evidently very diffe- 


592 NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ, 


rent from any one known to me. In some respects it appears 
allied to the Pithecolobium unifoliolatum, in which the leaves 
at first sight appear to be simply pinnate with two leaflets, 
although they are in fact bipinnate with two pinne and one 
leaflet to each. 

41. I. hymeneoides (Desv. Journ. Bot. 1814. 1.'p. 70), 
foliolis 1-2-jugis ovatis basi obliquis nitidis, petiolis eglan- 
dulosis, ramis pedunculis floribusque glabris, capitulis axil- 
laribus pedunculatis, leguminibus oblongis obtusis rectis 
basi attenuatis margine incrassatis. — Foliola subcoriacea, 
13 poll. longa, pollicem lata. Legumina bipollicaria.— Cayenne. 
Unknown to me. 

42. I. capitata (Desv. Journ. Bot. 1814. 1. p. 71), foliolis 
bijugis ovatis subacuminatis nitentibus, petiolis ramis pedun- 
culis floribusque glaberrimis, spicis 2-3 axillaribus ovato- 
oblongis pedunculatis.—Rami verrucosi teretes. Calyces 
tubulosi, 2 lin. longi.— Cayenne. Unknown to me. 

43. I. lentiscifolia, glabra, petiolis obscure marginatis 
nudisve, glandulis nullis, foliolis 2-3-jugis oblongo-lanceolatis 
obtusis retusisve coriaceis supra nitidis, pedunculis petiolo 
longioribus erectis, capitulis ovato-globosis densis, floribus 
tubulosis, calyce quam dimidium corolle breviore.— Rami 
rigidi, apice ramosissimi, foliosi, fastigiato-floribundi. Foliola 
majora 13 poll. longa, 5 lin. lata. Pedunculi rigidi, 14-2- 
pollicares, ad apices ramorum corymboso-conferti. Flores 
 densissime conferti. Calyx 14 lin., corolla 31 lin. longa.— 
Brasil, Sello. 

44. I. stipularis (DC. Leg. Mem. p. 440), foliolis 2-3-jugis 
ovalibus subacutis superne nitidis utrinque ramis floribusque 
glaberrimis, stipulis maximis orbiculatis persistentibus folia- 
ceis, spicis pedunculatis ovatis.— Foliola 31-4 poll. longa, 
12-20 lin. lata. Calyx tubulosus, 2-3 lin. longas: Corolla 
calyce. vix duplo longior. nm, Patris. Unknown to 
me. 

45. I. inequalis (Humb. et Bonpl. in Willd. Spec. 4, 
p. 1019), foliolis 4-jugis oblongo-lanceolatis glabris supra 
nitidis superioribus basi inæqualibus, glandulis inter paria 


NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ, 593 


bina superiora, spicis oblongis breviter pedunculatis, caly- 

cibus corollisque glabris.—Foliola superiora 4 poll. longa, 

15 poll. lata, inferiora 3-2-pollicaria. Glandule ad paria 2 

inferiora nulle.—On the Orenoco, Humboldt and Bonpland. 

I am unacquainted with any species with glands between the 

upper leaflets only. 

46. I. fraxinea (Willd. Spec. 4, p. 1019), foliolis 5-jugis 
oblongis acuminatis utrinque glabris nitidis, glandulis urceo- 
latis sessilibus, petiolo pubescente, spicis paniculatis oblongis 

. pedunculatis, calycibus pubescentibus, corolla glabra.— Foliola 
superiora 3-pollicaria, costæ pubescentes. Spice unguicu- 
lares.— Para, Hoffmansegg. Unknown to me. 

§ 2. Gymnopode. Petiolus apterus. Glandule scutellate, 
sessiles (v. rarissime nulle?). Spice ovate, rarius oblonge. 
Bracteæ calyce multo breviores, sepius minute v. caducis- 
sime. Calyx tubulosus, pubescens (v. in I. Jeiocalycina 
glaber). Corolla sericeo-pubescens v. villosa. Folia glabra 
V. pube minutissime ferrugineo-tomentella (v. in I. martini- 
censis et I. vismiefolia speciebus affinitate dubiis velutino- 
villosa). Pedunculi in plerisque speciebus fasciculati, supe- 
riores fastigiatim v. corymboso-paniculati, rarius omnes 
axillares, 

47.? I. martinicensis (Presl. Symb. Bot. 1, p. 65, t. 42), 
ramulis petiolis costisque foliorum ferrugineo-pubescentibus, 
petiolo nudo v. apice angustissime alato, foliolis bijugis 

. Obovatis sparse pilosulis, spicis cylindricis breviter peduncu- 
latis, calyce tubuloso strigoso quam corolla hirsuta dimidio 
breviore, tubo stamineo incluso.— Mimosa coriacea, Sieb. Fl. 
Martin, n. 325.—From a specimen I formerly saw of this 
Species, it appeared to me to have the inflorescence of Bour- 
gonia with the flowers of Pseudinga. It isat any rate a very 
distinct species, which requires further examination to deter- 
mine its affinities.— Martinica, Sieber. 

48.? I. vismiefolia (Popp. et Endl. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 3, 
P. 79), ramulis teretibus pedunculisque villoso-hirtis ferru- 
gineis, foliolis trijugis late ovalibus obtusis basi rotundata 
Subcordatis supra glabris levibus subtus villosis fuscescen- 

VOL. Iv. x x 


594 NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ, 


tibus, spicis hemispheerico-capitatis longe pedunculatis in 
paniculam terminalem folio equalem dispositis, calyce infun- 
dibuliformi sericeo, corolla strigosa-villosa staminum tubo 
exserto.—Arbor perquam pulchra, humilior. Foliola termi- 
nalia pedem longa, 6 poll.lata. Flores 11 lin. longi. Corolla 
duplici calycis longitudine. Ovarium sericeum. Legumen 
ignotum. This must be a very distinct species which I have 
not seen. It is said by Pœppig to be allied to I. rubiginosa, 
but the inflorescence and flowers are described as very diffe- 
rent from those of that species, and indicate an affinity 
rather with Pseudinga than with Euinga, a point which 
cannot be determined till the pod is known.—Woods of 
Maynas, Peppig. 

49. I. lineata, ramulis petiolis pedunculisque ferrugineo- 
puberulis, foliolis 3-jugis ovali-ellipticis acuminatis basi 
angustatis utrinque adpresse pubescentibus, venis numerosis 
parallelis utrinque prominulis, spicis ovatis in alabastro sub- 
cylindricis, floribus sessilibus, calyce tubuloso-campanulato 
pilosulo quam corolla infundibuliformis villosa duplo breviore. 
—Foliola ultima 6-7 poll. longa, 3 poll. lata. Glandule 
magnee, sessiles. Pedunculi in axillis numerosi, pollicares, 
ferrugineo-pubescentes, superiores breviter paniculati. Spice 
pollice breviores, ante antherim iis I. Bourgoni subsimiles, 
expanse ovate. Bracteæ minute. Corolle vix 2 lineas exce- 
dentes, uti calyces quam in sequentibus latiores.—Tarapoto, 
in Peru, Mathews n. 1594. 

50. I. Mathewsiana, ramulis petiolis pedunculisque fer- 
rugineo-puberulis, foliolis 5-6-jugis oblongis acuminatis basi. 
longe angustatis ad venas utrinque puberulis ceeterum glabris 
nervis subdistantibus reteque venarum utrinque prominulis, 
spicis ovatis in alabastro brevibus, floribus sessilibus, calyce — 
tubuloso pubescente corolla sericeo-villosæ dimidium supe". — 
rante.—Foliola parum inæqualia, acumine acutissimo, basi - 
inæquilatera, ultima 4-4} poll. longa, 15-18 lin. lata. Glan- 
dule sessiles demum majuscule. Inflorescentia I. lineate, 
flores diverse. Bracteæ 1 lin. Calyx 3 lin., corolla : 5 lin. : 
longa.—Proy. of Mozobamba, Peru, Mathews. got 


NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ. 595 


51. I. Pavoniana, ramulis novellis ferrugineo-puberulis 
demum foliisque glabris, stipulis ovato-lanceolatis striatis, 
foliolis 3-4-jugis ovali-v. elliptico-oblongis breviter acuminatis 
basi inaequaliter cuneatis supra nitidulis subcoriaceis, pedun- 
culis longiusculis fasciculato-paniculatis, spicis breviter ovatis, 
floribus breviter pedicellatis, calyce tubuloso puberulo quam 
corolla sericea duplo breviore, legumine plano glabro v. vix 
minute puberulo.—I. Riedeliane similis, sed distincta videtur. 
Foliola minora. Inflorescentia et presertim flores minus 
villosa.  Stipule superiores, imprimis foliorum floralium 
abortientium, rigidæ, 3-4 lin. longæ, diu persistentes. Flores 
tenuiores, corollæ ratione calycis paullo longiores. Legumen 

3-poll. longum, 9 lin. latum.—Sent by Mathews from Pavon's 
herbarium at Lima. 

52. I. Riedeliana, ramulis novellis ferrugineo-puberulis 
demum foliisque glabris, stipulis parvis deciduis, foliolis 
3-jugis ovali- v. elliptico-oblongis breviter acuminatis basi 
inæqualiter cuneatis supra nitidulis, spicis fasciculato-pani- 
culatis ovatis, floribus breviter pedicellatis, calyce tubuloso- 
pubescente corolle sericeo-villose dimidium superante, 
legumine plano puberulo.—Foliola fere I. corymbifere sed 
rigidiora et semper trijuga videntur, ultima vix 5-pollicaria; 
vene subtus interdum leviter tomentelle. Flores I. corym- 
bifere, sed stipatæ pedicello 4-1 lin. longo bracteas eequante. 
—Woods on the Amazon river, Riedel. 

B? Surinamensis, floribus brevius pedicellatis.—Surinam, 
Hostmann, n. 830, 971, and in some collections n. 174.— - 
This variety is in some measure intermediate between 
I. Riedeliana and Y. corymbifera, and may possibly be a 
distinet species, unless further observation may show both 
I. Pavoniana and I. Riedeliana to be mere forms of I. corym- 
bifera. 


53. I. corymbifera (Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 2, p.144), _ : 


ramulis novellis petiolisque —ferrugineo-puberulis, foliolis 
4-jugis ovali-oblongis acuminatis basi cuneatis supra ad 
~ Venas et subtus minute et rariter puberulis demum. vix nitidis, 
spicis pedunculatis ad apices ramorum ino pani | 
S 2x2 | 


22 


596 NOTES ON MIMOSEA. 


culatis, floribus subsessilibus, calyce tubuloso pubescente 
corolle sericeo-villosæ dimidium «quante v. superante, legu- 
mine plano minute et rariter puberulo.—Foliola maxima 
semipedalia v. paullo longiora, 2-23 poll. lata, pleraque tamen 
minora. Glandule majuscule. Pedunculi 1-14-pollicares. 
Flores interdum brevissime pedicellati. Brabtess minutæ. 
Calyx 3 lin., corolla 5 lin. longa. Legumen 3-4 poll. longum, 
9-11 lin. latum, marginibus parum elevatis.—British Guiana, 
Schomburgk, lst. Coll., also 2nd. Coll. n. 31, n. 62, and n. 839 
(1419). 

B? Brasiliensis, ramulis floribusque villosioribus, nec aliter 
ut videtur diversa.— Woods of the Serra da Chapada in Brasil, 
Riedel. 

53. I. tenusfelia (Salzm.! Pl. Bras. exs.) ramulis petiolis 
inflorescentiaque ferrugineo-tomentellis, spicis pedunculatis 
ad apices ramorum  fasciculato-paniculatis, oblongis, flori- 
bus sessilibus elongato-tubulosis, calyce tubuloso tomen- 
toso striato corolla sericeo-villosa 3-4-plo breviore, tubo 
stamineo breviter exserto.—I. macradenia Mart.! Herb. Fl. 
Bras. n. 1096.—Pubes minuta, in ramulis petiolisque sordide - 


ferr uginea, in ramis evanida, in foliorum pagina inferiore - 


brevissima, copiosa, albida; in pagina superiore pili minuti 
sparsi sub lente numerosi apparent.  Foliola ultima 4-5 
poll longa, 2 poll.lata, acumine longo acuto, basi cuneata. 
Glandule majuscule. Spice subinterrupte, numerose. 
Bracteæ minute, deciduæ. Calyx fere 3 lin., corolla 8-9 lin. 
longa. —Bahia, Salzmann, Lushnath, Blanchet, n. 30185 — 
Tropical B Brasil, Pohl; British Guiana, Schomburgk, 1st. Coll. — 
n. 74. 
B glabrior, pedunculis axillaribus, corolla tenuiore glabriore 
— Surinam, Hostmann, n. 807. 
54. I. Humboldtiana (Kunth, Nov. Gen. et Sp. 6, p. 285), | 
ramulis foliisque glabris, foliolis 4-jugis oblongis acutis basi - 
acutiusculis membranaceis glabris supra nitidis, spicis pedun- 
culatis ad apices ramorum fasciculato-paniculatis, calyce 
tubuloso-campanulato adpresse hispidulo, corolla sericeo- — 
hirsuta, legumine plano puberulo.—Foliola 23-4 poll. longa, 


NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ. 597 


1-11 poll. lata.—Banks of the Magdalena, Humboldt and 
Bonpland. Unknown to me. 

55. I. juglandifolia (Willd. Spec. 4, p. 1018), ramulis 
petiolisque ferrugineo-pubescentibus, glandulis nullis, foliolis 
3-4-jugis oblongis acuminatis basi angustatis glabris subtus 
ad venas pubescentibus, spicis in axillis ternis, corollis villosis, 
legumine plano.— Foliola ultima 5-pollicaria. — Caraccas, 
Bredemeyer. I have not seen this species which appears to 
belong to the Pseudinge Gymnopode, and if so, it is the 
only one in the group without glands. 

56. I. foliosa, foliis demum glabris, foliolis 5-6-jugis amplis 
elliptico-oblongis acuminatis v. rarius obtusis subcoriaceis 
nitidis, panicula tomentella, floribus sessilibus, calyce pube- 
rulo corollæ sericeo-puberule dimidium subæquante, legu- 
mine plano puberulo.— Foliola longiora usque ad 7-10 poll. 
longa, 23 poll. lata, longius breviusve acuminata, basi inæ- 
qualiter rotundata v. leviter angustata petiolulo 2 lin. longo. 
Spice breves, ovate, numerose. Calyx 12-2 lin. corolla 
4lin.longa. Variat floribus paullo majoribus minoribusve, 
pube tenuiore v. densiore.—North Brasil, in the province of 
Maynas, Peppig; on the Rio Madeira, Riedel; Peru, 
Mathews, n.1923. 

57. 1. acrocephala (Steud. Flora 1843, p. 759), foliis glabris, 
foliolis 4-jugis ovali- v. elliptico-oblongis acuminatis coriaceis 
nitidis, panicula polycephala minute tomentella, floribus 
sessilibus pubescentibus, calyce quam dimidium corolle 
longiore.—Affinis I. foliose; foliola pauciora ultima semi- 


pedalia. Spicæ ovato-capitate, numerose. Flores quam ae 


in I. foliosa glabriores, minores, vix 3 lin. longi.—Surinam. 


Hostmann, n. n. 106.7» 
58. I. nobilis (Willd. Enum. p. 1047), foliolis 3-4-jugis 
oblongis acutis petiolisque glabris, spicis paniculatis, pedun- 
culis pubescentibus, corollis sericeis.—Brasil. A species ony : 
known from the above short diagnosis. 
- 59. I. leptoloba (Schlecht. Linnea, 12, p. 560), palatia, : 
. foliolis trijugis utrinque lucidulis subtus magis puberulis ellip- 


ticis v. ovato-ellipticis basi acutis ne pee, = 


598 NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ. 


spicis pedunculatis axillaribus in ramis hornotinis, corolla 
pubescente calyce duplo longiore, legumine compresso elevato- 
marginato vix puberulo. — Foliola maxima 4-5-pollicaria. 
Flores 4 lin. longi. Legumen brevissime stipitatum, lato- 
lineare, acuminato-acutum, 10-12-spermum.—Hacienda de 
la Llaguna, in Mexico, Schiede, Unknown to me. 

60. I. punctata (Willd. Spec. 4, p. 1016), foliolis 2-3-jugis 
oblongis acuminatis coriaceis nitidis supra glabris subtus 
sparse pilosiusculis, petiolo strigoso, spicis paniculatis axil- 
laribus, corollis sericeo-villosis.— Foliola ultima 4-pollicaria. 
—W oods of Martinica and Caraccas. Unknown to me. 

61. I. splendens (Willd. Spec. 4, p. 1017), foliolis 2-jugis 
oblongis acuminatis nitidis utrinque petiolisque glabris, 
spicis axillaribus geminatis, corollis sericeo-villosis.—Un- 
known to me, said to be like I. punctata, but larger in all its 
parts.— Para, Hoffmansegg. 

62. I. leiocalycina, foliolis 2-jugis ovali-oblongis acumi- 
natis basi cuneatis nitidis utrinque sparse pilosiusculis, 
venis petiolisque villosis, pedunculis gracilibus, floribus 
sessilibus, calycibus glabris corolle sericeo-villosæ dimi- 
dium equantibus.—Ex descriptione I. punctate affinis, sed 
pili sparsi in utraque pagina foliolorum adsunt et raro tar- 
dius evanescunt; venæ semper in pagina superiore dense stri- 
goso-pubescentes, et de calyce glabro silent auctores. Foliola 
majora 5-pollicaria, membranacea, venis subtus valde promi- 
nentibus. Calyx 23 lin. longus, nitidulus rufescens. Corolla 
5 lin. longa, pilis flavicantibus dense obtecta. Habitu sequen- 
tibus accedit sed petiolus omnino apterus.— British Guiana, 
Parker, Schomburgk, ?nd. Coll. n. 829 (1391.) 

$3. Pilosiuscule. Petiolus alatus v. saltem marginatus. 
Glandule sessiles, urceolate v. scutellæformes. Spicee ovate 
v. Sæpius ovato-globosæ. Bracteæ calyce multo breviores, 


sepius minute v. caducissime. Calyx tubulosus, glaber V. - : 


adpresse pilosus. Corolla sericeo-villosa.—Foliola vulgo 
demum coriacea nitida et subglabra, juniora utrinque sparse 
pilosula. 


63. I. multiflora, petiolo marginato ramulisque gl abrius- 1 = 


Ww. 


NOTES ON MIMOSEX. 599 


culis, foliolis bijugis ovali-ellipticis v. ovato-oblongis breviter 
acuminatis coriaceis nitidis utrinque adpresse pilosiusculis v. 
demum subtus glabratis, pedunculis fasciculatis tenuibus, 
spicis ovato-globosis, calyce glabro striato corolle hirsutis- 
simc dimidium æquante.—Affnis I. leiocalycine, sed petiolus 
glaber, angustissime at distincte marginatus. Pedunculi 
numerosi, bipollicares, glabri. Calyx 2 lin. longus, nitidulus, 
in sicco rufescens. Corolla 4 lin. longa, pilis aureis dense 
obtecta.— Borba, in North Brasil, Riedel. 

54. I. stenoptera (Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 2, p. 143), 
ramulis petiolis nervisque foliolorum | rufo-pubescentibus, 
petiolo anguste alato, foliolis bijugis oblongis acutis nitidis 
Sparse pilosulis v. demum glabratis, spicis ovato-globosis 
paucifloris, calyce tubuloso pilosulo quam corollæ hirsutis- 
Sime dimidium breviore.—Foliola ultima 5-6 poll. longa, 
18-20 lin. lata, basi seepe valde obliqua. Ale petioli utrin- 
que vix lineam latæ. Pedunculi tenues, bipollicares. Bracteæ 
parva, setaceæ. Calyx 2 lin., corolla 7 lin. longa.— On the 
Rio Branco, North Brasil, Schomburgk, 1st. Coll. n. 795. 

65. I. peduncularis, ramulis petiolis pedunculisque minu- 
tissime puberulis, petiolo sub foliolis superioribus angustis- 
sime alato-marginato, foliolis bijugis amplis ovalibus acumi- 
natis basi cuneatis coriaceis nitidis utrinque pilis minutis 
conspersis, pedunculis fasciculatis, spicis ovatis, calyce 
adpresse villosulo corollæ sericeo-villosæ dimidium æquante. 
Petioli ale coriacez, nunc apice utrinque 1 lin. late, ad 
medium internodii evanescentes, nunc obsolete.  Foliola 
ultima 6-10 poll. longa, 3-44 poll. lata, Pili in utraque - 
Pàgina vix nisi ope lentis conspicui. Pedunculi 3-pollicares. 
Calyces 3 lin. corollæ 6 lin. longæ.—Borba in North Brasil 
Riedel. 

66. I. pilosiuscula (Desv. Journ. Bot. 1814, 1, p. 71); 
ramulis petiolisque pilosulis, petiolo alato, foliolis bijugis 
Ovatis v. ovato-oblongis breviter acuminatis coriaceis nitidis - 
junioribus pilosis demum subglabris, pedunculis fasciculatis, 
spicis oblongis, calyce tubuloso glabro v. pilosulo corollæ 


600 NOTES ON MIMOSE. 


hirsutissimæ dimidium æquante.—Mimosa pilosiuscula, Rich. 
Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Par. 1, p. 113.—M. lucida, Vahl. Ecl. 
Amer. 3, p. 31, t. 24.—Inga affinis, Steud. Flora, 1843, 
p. 758.—Foliola ultima 4-6 poll. longa, 2-3 poll. lata. Petioli 
ale coriaceæ, utrinque superne 2 lin. late. Inflorescentia : 
I. multiflore et fores consimiles nisi longiores; calyx 3-4 
lin., corolla 6-7 lin. longa. Bracteæ subulate, 1-14 lin. 
longæ.—French Guiana, Leprieur, Martin, &c.; Surinam, 
Hosimann, n. 1157. 

67. I. setifera (DC. Prod. 2, p. 432), ramulis petiolis 
peduneulisque rufo-pubescentibus, petiolo alato, foliis bijugis 
amplis ovatis breviter acuminatis coriaceis nitidis. utrinque 
rufo-pilosis v. supra demum glabratis, spicis ovatis, calyce 


tubuloso pilosiusculo corollæ hirsutissimæ dimidium eequante, — 


legumine plano demum glabrato marginibus elevatis. — 
l. platycarpa, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 2, p. 142.— 
Affinis I. pilosiuscule.  Foliola multo majora, crassiora, 
usque ad 10 poll. longa et 6 poll. lata. Flores 6 lin. longi, 


iis I. pilosiuscule similes. Legumen 4-6 poll. longum, 1-15  - 


poll. latum.—On the Essequebo and the Rupunoony, Schom- 
burgk, 1st Coll. n. 534, 2nd. Coll. n. 586 (959); French 
Guiana, Martin. | 
68. I. acuminata, ramulis petiolisque glabris v. vix pilo- — 
sulis, petiolo alato, foliolis 2-3-jugis ovato-lanceolatis v= 
ovali-oblongis acuminatis basi cuneatis glabris nitidis, spicis — 
ovato-globosis, bracteis persistentibus calyce multo breviori- 
bus, calyce tubuloso longe acuminato glabriusculo ad duas D. 


tertias corollæ hirsutissime attingente.—Petioli ale latæ 
Foliola ultima 4-5 poll. longa, cetera ssepius multo minoras 
Pedunculi bipollicares. Calyces 4 lin. longi, ante anthesin 
insigniter acuminati. Corolla 6 lin. longa.— Trinidad, Lock- 


hart. c. 
69. I. nitida (Willd. Spec. 4, p. 1013), ramulis hirtis, — 
petiolo alato, foliolis bijugis oblongo-lanceolatis utrinque 
nitidis subtus pilosiusculis, spicis oblongis longe peduncu- . 
latis, corollis villosis.—Affinis dicitur I. quassiefolie, sed 


NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ. 601 


foliola longiora, spice oblong nec ovate longius peduncu- 
late, ramuli hirti, Foliola superiora 4-5-pollicaria.— Para, 
Hoffinansegg. "Unknown to me. 

70. I. quassiæfolia (Willd. Spec. 4, p. 1013), foliolis bijugis 
ovato-oblongis acuminatis utrinque nitidis glabris, petiolo 
undique alato, spicis axillaribus pedunculatis, corollis villosis. 
—Foliola superiora 3-pollicaria et majora, inferiora 14-polli- 
caria. Pedunculi pilis raris sparsis obsiti.—Para, Hoffman- 
segg. Unknown to me. 

71. I. chartacea (Pepp.! et Endl. Nov. Gen, et Sp. 3, 
P. 79), ramulis foliisque glabris, petiolo alato, foliolis 3-jugis 
ovali-v. obovali-ellipticis acuminatis rigidulis nitidis, spicis 
longe pedunculatis subglobosis densis, floribus parvis, calyce 
pilosulo corolle sericeo-villose dimidium equante.— Partes 
novellæ ferrugineo-hirte, pube cito evanida.  Foliola ultima 
semipedalia. Capitula magnitudine Cerasi. Calyx 1 lin., corolla 
2 lin, longa.— Woods of the province of Maynas, Poppig. 

72. I. maritima, ramulis pilosiusculis, petiolo alato, foliolis 
2-3-jugis elliptico-oblongis basi obliquis supra minute pilosis 
demum glabratis nitidulis subtus hirtellis, spicis ovatis bre- 
viter pedunculatis in apicibus ramorum confertis, calyce 
adpresse pubescente quam corolle sericeæ dimidium breviore. 
—Inflorescentia et floribus similior Gymnopodis quam Pilo- 
siusculis, sed petiolus latiuscule alatus. Foliola majora vix tri- 
pollicaria, subcoriacea ; petiolus communis brevis. Spice ante 
anthesin oblongae, per anthesin pollicares in pedunculo vix 
semipollicari. Bracteæ minute. Calyx vix 2 lin., corolla 4-41 - 
lin. longa.—Near the sea shore, Capo Cabana beach, Rio 
Janeiro, Gardner, n. 751; Rio Janeiro, Vauthier, n. 89. 

A specimen in fruit gathered on the Corcovado by Lushnath 
is very much like this species, but the wings of the petiole 
are narrower, and the spike appears to have been much longer. 
= pod is flat, 4 inches long, 9 lines broad, with a few short 

airs. icr 
73? I. Feuillei (DC. Prod. 2, p. 433), petiolo alato, foliolis. 
3-4-jugis ovali-oblongis utrinque acutis glabris, spicis sub- 
geminis pedunculatis ovatis, leguminibus longissimis lineari- 


609 NOTES ON MIMOSE. 


bus planis glabris.— Pacai, Feuill. obs, 3, p. 2, p. 27, t. 19 (et 
ex hoc synon.) Mimosa sinemariensis, Aubl. PI. Gui. 2, p. 945, 
Inga reticulata, Spreng. Syst.3, p. 130.— Flores albi. Legumina 
edulia, 1-2-pedalia, intus alba.— Cultivated in the Lima 
gardens. Unknown to me. 

§ 4. Leptanthe. Folia et ramuli saltem juniora piloso- 
hirta. Petiolus alatus. Glandule turbinate v. stipitate. 
Spice ovato-oblongæ, laxe, sepe interruptæ. Bracteæ per- 
sistentes, calyce longiores v. rarius breviores. Flores tenues. 
Calyx tubulosus, membranaceus, striatus, glaber v. adpresse 
pilosus. Corolla apice v. seepe undique, longe pilosa. Series 
imprimis bracteis a Pilosiusculis differt. 

74. I. Peppipgiana, ramulis subhirsutis, foliolis trijugis 
ovali-oblongis acuminatis basi oblique rotundatis supra ni- - 
tidis margine nervisque utrinque pilosis, spicis sessilibus ob- 
longis, bracteis ovatis acutis glabris ciliatis calyce elongato 
multo brevioribus, corolla calyce subduplo longiore apice 
parce et longe pilosa.— I. ciliata, Pæpp. ! et Endl. Nov. Gen. et 
Sp. 3, p. 78, non Presl.— Pili patentes rigiduli. Stipulæ ovate, — 
striate, semi-pollicares. Foliola liens 4-5 poll. lata. Ale 
petioli latiusculæ. Bracteæ ratione calycis breviores quam in — 
ceteris Leptanthis, multo majores et diutius persistentes — 
quam in Pilosiusculis, striate, 9-3 lin. longe. Calyces 7-8  — 
lin. longi, glabri v. vix margine ciliati. Corolla clavato-tubu- —— 
losa.— Woods of the province of Maynas, Peppig. 5 

75. I. platyptera, undique pilis ferrugineis sparsis hirta, er 
foliolis 2-3-jugis ovato- v. oblongo-lanceolatis supra nitidis | 
utrinque piloso-hirtis, spicis oblongis pedunculatis, bracteis | 
lanceolatis acuminatis corollam subæquantibus, calyce tubu- 
loso acuminato piloso quam corolle hirsutissimæ dimidium - 
breviore.—Pili quam in I. Peppigiana longiores, laxiores. | 
Stipulæ persistentes, falcato-lanceolatæ, 8-10 lin. longæ. Pe- 1 
tioli ale late. Glandule turbinate.  Foliola ultima 5 
poll. longa, 13 v. rarius 2 poll. lata. Pedunculi pollicares. 
Bracteæ pollicares, basi 2 lin. late. Calyces 3-4 lin. longi, 
pilis obtecti. Corolla pollicaris, pilis longis ee deùas ; 
sime obtecta.—Brasil, Pohl. 


NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ. 603 


76. I. disticha (Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 2, p. 143), 
undique pilis brevibus ferrugineis raris conspersa, foliolis 4-5- 
jugis ovali. v. anguste oblongis acuminatis membranaceis 
demum nitidis, spicis interruptis distichis breviter peduncu- 
latis bracteis ovato-lanceolatis calyce parum brevioribus, co- 
rolla hirsutissima calycem tubulosum strigoso-hispidum sub- 
triplo superante, legumine plano arcuato marginato ferru- 
gineo-hirto.—Foliola ultima 3-4 poll. longa, 14 poll. lata, 
demum subcoriacea. Glandule parve. Stipulæ lanceolato- 
setaceze, 3 lin. longe. Legumen (immaturum) 5-6 lin. latum. 
—Common along the Essequibo, Schomburgk, 1st Coll. n. 25. 

71. i. leptantha, ramulis petiolisque pilosis, foliolis 2-4- 
jugis lanceolatis ultimis longissimis acutis supra glabris nitidis 
subtus pilosiusculis, glandulis tenuibus stipitatis, pedunculis 
gracilibus, spicis laxis ovatis, bracteis persistentibus lineari- 
bus calycem subæquantibus, calyce tubuloso pilosulo quam 
corolla tenuis hirsutissima triplo breviore, legumine plano 
hirsutissimo. — Foliola ultima 3-4 poll. longa, 5-8 lin. 
lata. Stipule falcata, ciliatæ, 4-6 lin. longæ, subpersistentes. 
Bracteæ glabre, ciliate, uti calyces 2-21 lin. longæ. Corolla 
gracilis, 7 lin. longa. Legumen 4-6 poll. longum, fere pol- 
licem latum.—Prope Rio Janeiro, Gomez, Sello, Riedel. 

78. I. ciliata (Presl, Symb. Bot. 2, p. 14, t. 58), ramulis 
petiolisque pilosulis, glandulis stipitatis, foliolis plerique 4- 
5-jugis oblique ovali- v. anguste oblongis acuminatis supra 
glabris nitidis subtus pilosiusculis, pedunculis tenuibus, 
‘Spicis interruptis paucifloris, bracteis persistentibus setaceis — 
calyces subæquantibus, calyce tubuloso glabriuseulo quam - 
corolla hirsuta tenuis plus duplo breviore, legumine plano 
hirsuto.—I. ccerulescens, Walp. Linnea, 14, p. 298.—1. fa- 
Sariefolia, Mart. Herb. Fl. Bras. n. 1093.—1. microphylla, 
Salzm. Herb. — Affinis I. leptanthe ; foliola latiora, ultima 
. Taro 2 pollices excedunt ; legumina angustiora, minus hirta. 
Flores in schedis Lushnathianis pallide cærulei dicuntur, | 
. Color in Ingis nondum memorata.—Near Bahia, Salzmann, 
Lushnath, Sello, Blanchet, n. 86 A. In some herbaria I had 
formerly named this by mistake I, ¢enuis, Mart. whieh it 


604 NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ;: 


resembles in foliage, but is very different in flowers and in- 
florescence. 

B. parvifolia, foliolis 5-6-jugis minoribus, legumine majore 
latiore hirsutimo.— Rio Janeiro, Lord Colchester, Sello. 

$5. VunPiN. Folia et ramuli pilosa-hirta. Petiolus - 
alatus v. rarius apterus. Glandule stipitatæ, anguste turbi- | 
nate v. subulatæ. Spice ovate, dense, pedunculate, axil- — 
lares v. superiores subpaniculate. Bracteæ caducissimæ, 
sepius parvæ.—Series a Gymnopodis et Pilosiusculis im- 
primis glandulis dignoscenda, a Leptanthis bracteis et inflo- 
rescentia. 

79. I. vestita, ramulis petiolisque dense rufo-villosis, petiolo — 
aptero, glandulis subulato-stipitatis, foliolis 3-4-jugis elliptico _ 
oblongis acutis basi cuneatis utrinque villosis, spicis ovatis, : 
bracteis parvis, calyce tubuloso strigoso dimidium corolle | 
birsutissimæ subæquante, legumine plano rufo-villosissimo.— _ 
Foliola ultima 2-24-pollicaria, cœtera multo minora, iis L — 
Guilleminiane similia. Glandule fere lineam longe. Pe- - 
dunculi pollicares, rufo-villosi. Calyx 94 lin., corolla 5 lin. — 
longa. Legumen pollicem latum, densissime velutino-villo- - 
sum.— Brasil, Sello. There is also in the same collection a — 
specimen of what appears a very distinct species, with subu- . 
late glands and the petiols not winged, but there are neither — 
flowers nor fruit. A 

80. I. vulpina (Mart. Herb. Bras. n. 1097), ramulis pe- - 
tiolis pedunculisque rufo-villosissimis, petiolo alato, glandulis - 
subulato-stipitatis, foliolis 2-3-jugis ovatis oblongisve acutis — 
basi oblique rotundatis demum bullato-rugosis supra plo- | 
siusculis subtus villosis, spicis ovatis, calyce hirsuto coroll — 
villosæ dimidium superante, legumine plano hirsutissimO.— — 
Foliola ultima 3-4-pollicaria, demum sæpe nitidula. Glandule | 
tenuissimæ, fere 2 lin. longe. Pedunculi 2-3-pollicares, rufo- | 
villosi. Spice dense, speciosæ. Bractez lanceolato-lineares, - s 
caducæ. Calyx 24 lin. longus, laxiusculus. Corolla fere 5 - 
lin. longa. Legumen 8-10 lin. latum, marginibus incrassatis. - 
— Province of Minas Geraes, Claussen, Sello, Martius. — 

81. I, barbata, pilis longis rufis in caule petiolis pedunt 


NOTES ON MIMOSEZÆ. 605 


lisque densis, in foliolis sparsis, petiolo alato, glandulis subu- 
lato-stipitatis, foliolis 3-4-jugis ovatis bullato-rugosis, spicis 
breviter pedunculatis oblongis, calyce parce piloso quam 
corollæ hirsutissimæ dimidium breviore.—Foliola 2-3-polli- 
caria, v. ultima majora, obtusa v. acuta, basi rotundata. Sti- 
pule ovate. Glandule fere 2 lin. longe. Flores quam in I. 
vulpina tenuiores. Calyces 3 lin., corolle 7 lin. longe.— 
—Organ Mountains, Gardner, n. 362, Burchell. 

82. I. Guilleminiana, ramulis petiolisque dense rufo-villosis, 

petiolo a basi alato, glandulis parvis stipitatis, foliolis 2-4- 
jugis elliptico-oblongis acutis basi rotundatis utrinque villosis, 
spicis ovato-oblongis, calyce hirsuto corolle hirsutissimæ 
dimidium superante, legumine plano rufo-villosissimo.—Fo- - 
liola parum inequalia, 1-11-pollicaria v. ultima paullo lon- 
giora. Glandule inter villis fere recondite. Stipulae lineari- 
lanceolate, breves. Pedunculi 13-9-pollicares. Bractee 
lineares, cito deciduæ. Calyx 3-31 lin. longus, tubulosus. 
Corolla 5-6 lin. longa.—In Brasilia, Sello; prov. S. Paulo, 
Guillemin, n. 511; ad Rio Parano et Pardo, Riedel. 
. 83. I. virescens, ramulis petiolis costis marginibusque fo- 
lolorum hirtellis, petiolo inter paria alato, glandulis parvis 
crasse stipitatis, foliolis 4-5-jugis ovato-lanceolatis membra- 
naceis junioribus pilosis demum glabratis, spicis ovato-ob- 
longis, bracteis minutis, calyce pilosulo corolle parce pilose 
dimidium superante.—Stipule parve, lineares. Foliola ma- 
jora 3-polliearia. Pedunculi in ramis annotinis fasciculati, 
sub spica 1-14 poll. longi. Spice vix pollicares, basi interdum - 
interrupte. Flores in sicco virescentes. Calyx 24 lin. co- 
rolla 4 lin. longa.—Brasil, Sello. | 

84. I. Catharine, ramulis petiolis pedunculis costisque 
foliolorum rufo-hirtis, petiolo inter paria alato, glandulis parvis 
turbinatis breviter stipitatis, foliolis sub-4-jugis ovali- v. 
oblongo-ellipticis junioribus pilosis, spicis ovato-oblongis, 
_ bracteis linearibus calyce pilosulo paullo brevioribus, corolla 

rufo-villosa.—A ffinis I. virescenti, sed villosior, foliola majora, 
. ultima sub-4-pollicaria. Bractez 2-24 lin. longe. Calyces 
L virescentis, corolle nondum apertz sed multo villosiores 


606 NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ. 


videntur. Stipule lato-lanceolatæ, falcatæ, villosæ, 4-5 lin, 
longæ.—St. Catherine's, in South Brasil, Tweedie. 

§ 6.? Floribunde. Folia glabra v. minute pilosula. Pe- 
tiolus alatus. Glandule magne scutelleformes. Spice bre- 
viter pedunculate, oblongæ v. dissitifloræ, ad apices ramorum 
subpaniculatæ. Bracteæ calycem subæquantes, lanceolate, 
ante anthesin deciduæ. Calyx puberulus. Corolla sericea. 
—The two following species are of very doubtful affinity, 
resembling in some respects the Pilosiuscule among Pseu- 
dinge, in others the S/riate among Euinge, and the fruit 
being unknown, their real position cannot now be ascer- 
tained. 

85. I. floribunda (Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 2, p. 143), 
ramulis foliisque glabris v. junioribus vix pilosiusculis, petiolo 
breviter et anguste alato, foliolis bijugis ovali-ellipticis co- 
riaceis nitidis, spicis oblongis subinterruptis corymboso-pani- 
culatis, calyce tubuloso adpresse pubescente dimidium co- 
roll sericeæ adæquante.—Arbor præalta.  Foliola majora 
4-6 poll. longa, 2-3 poll. lata, basi valde inæqualia. Petioli 


ale coriaceæ, raro linea latiores et sepius paullo infra para — 


foliolorum evanescentes. Flores numerosi, sessiles. Bracteæ 
caducissime, uti calyces 4-43 lin. longc. Corolla 8-9 lin. longa. 
— British Guiana, Schomburgk, 1st. Coll. n. 364; Surinam, 
Hostmann, n. 708, also n. 676, judging from an imperfect 
specimen, with rather narrower leaflets. | 

86. L.scabriuscula, ramulis angustatis foliisque minute scabro- 
puberulis, junioribus ferrugineis, petiolo alato, foliolis 4-5- 
jugis ovali- v. obovali-ellipticis acuminatis submembranaceis, - 
spicis oblongis dissitifloris in axillis supremis fasciculatis —— 
subpaniculatis, calyce tubuloso puberulo quam corolla sericea — — 
subtriplo breviore.—Foliola ultima 5 poll. longa, 25-3 poll — - 
lata, pleraque basi subcordata v. rotundata parum obliqua. — 
Petiolorum ale utrinque 2-3 lin. late; a foliolo ad foliolum —— 
extensæ. Spice 1-2-pollicares. Calyx 2-3 lin., corolla 7 
lin. longa.—Surinam, Hostmann, n. 858 and 887. E 

Sect. V. EuiwGa. Spice ovate dense, v. sepius lon- 
giores basi laxc v. interrupte, interdum pauciflore. Caly? 


NOTES ON MIMOSEJE. 607 


tubulosus v. tubuloso-campanulatus quam in Pseudingis fere 
semper latior. Corolla villosa. Leguminis margines valde 
dilatati, sulcato-incrassati, latitudine (transversali) leguminis 
facies æquantes v. superantes.—Petiolus alatus v. rarissime 
apterus. Glandule scutellæformes v. rarius turbinatæ. Flores 
majusculi nune maximi, absque staminibus 3-2 poll. longi. 
Calyx in seriebus 2 prioribus striatus glaber v. pilosulus, in 
ceteris tomentosus. Corolla villosa v. tomentoso-lanata. 
Legumen sspe tetragonum v. subteres, plurisuleum, margi- 
nibus demum facies fere omnino obtegentibus. 

§ 1. Striate. Ramuli teretes v. subangulati uti petioli et 
pedunculi glabri v. velutino-hirti, (rarius setosi). Bracteæ 
caducæ. Calyx membranaceus, striatus, glaber v. tenuiter 
pubescens. Corolla setosa v. hirsutissima. 

87.? I. setigera, (Poepp. et Endl. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 3, p. 
79), ramulis teretibus petiolisque nudis rigidissime longisetis 
hispidis, foliolis 5-jugis elongato-oblongis acutis basi obtusis 
Supra pubescenti-hispidis subtus glabris, spicis axillaribus 
petiolo duplo brevioribus hemisphærico-capitatis peduncu- 
latis, calyce infundibuliformi glabro, corolla apice setosa, 
tubo staminum longissime exserto.—Arbor 20-pedalis. Sti- 
pule pollicares, diu persistentes, rhombeo-ellipticæ.  Foliola 
adulta pedalia. Flores majusculi.— Woods near Ega, in 
North Brasil, Peppig. This must be a very distinct species 
from any I have seen, agreeing in some respects with the 
Pseudinge Vulpine, in others with Euinge Striate, or Calo- 
cephale. ; 

_ 88. I. bullata, ramulis petiolis costisque foliolorum velu- - 
tino-hirtis, petiolo nudo, glandulis turbinatis, foliolis 2-3- 
Jugis ovatis acuminatis bullatis supra nitidulis subtus pu- 
bescenti-hirtis, spicis ovatis breviter pedunculatis, calyce 
glabro quam corolla setosa paullo breviore.—Foliola ultima 
5 poll. longa, 3 poll. lata. Bracteas non vidi. Calyces bre- 


: Vissime pedicellati, laxi, fere 5 lin. longi, dentibus angustis 


acutissimis. Corolla 6 lin. longa.—Shady woods of Man- 
| diocca, near Rio Janeiro, Riedel. oS 
Y 89. I. nuda (Salzm.! Pl. exs.), ramulis foliisque pilis bre- 


608 - NOTES ON MIMOSEX. 


vibus hirtellis, petiolo sub paribus ultimis brevissime et 
anguste alato v. nudo, glandulis turbinatis, foliolis 3-4-jugis 
elliptico-oblongis v. ovato-lanceolatis supra demum nitidulis 
glabratis, spicis ovatis breviter pedunculatis, calyce glabrius- 
culo dimidium corolle dense villose vix æquante.—Foliola 
ultima 5 poll. longa, vix 2 poll. lata, basi obtusa, inæqualia, 
apice obtuse acuminata. Calyx 3 lin. longus, dentibus ovatis. 
Corolla 6 lin. v. paullo longior. Bracteæ oblongæ v. lineares, 
calyce 2-3-plo breviores.— Bahia, Salz 

90. I. Salzmanniana, ramulis angulatis foliisque minute 
scabro-puberulis, junioribus ferrugineis, petiolo anguste alato, 
foliolis 4-5-jugis obovali- v. oblongo-ellipticis acuminatis 
submembranaceis, glandulis scutelliformibus, spicis ovato- 
oblongis breviter pedunculatis, calyce puberulo dimidium 
corolle sericeo-villosæ vix equante.—I. ovato-lanc. Salzm. 
herb.—Habitu accedit ad I. nudam, sed pubes multo bre- 
vior, foliola paullo latiora minus nitida, et petiolus a pari ad 
par alatus, alis raro linea latioribus. Folia iis I. scabriuscule - 
similia, sed calyx laxior, evidentius striatus, 3-34 lin. longus 
et corolla multo villosior, 7 lin. longa. Bracteæ lineari-lan- 
ceolatæ, calyce vix —_ ante anthesin deciduee.—Bahia, 
Salzmann. 

91. I. striata, Paulin petiolis pedunculis foliolisque velu- 
tino-villosis, petiolo alato, foliolis 4-5-jugis ovato- v. oblongo- - 
ellipticis acuminatis, glandulis parvis, spicis ovato-oblongis  - 
longiuscule pedunculatis, calyce puberulo dimidium corolle | 
sericeo-villosee vix æquante, legumine ferrugineo-villoso.— 
Pubes copiosa, in pagina superiore foliolorum demum brevior. - 
Stipulæ lato-lanceolatæ, 4-5 lin. longe. ^ Foliola ultima 4-5 - 
poll. longa, 2-24 poll. lata. Pedunculi 11-2-pollicares. Brac- 
tec lineares, caducæ, calyce paullo breviores. Calyx 4 lin. 
corolla 8 lin. longa. Legumen immaturum jam semipedale, - 
6-7 lin. latum, faciebus planis, marginibus valde disi 
undulatis sulcatis.—Brasil, Sello. v. 

92.? I. Lindeniana, ramulis angulatis petiolis pedunculis- Es 
que rufo-hirsutis, petiolo alato, foliolis 3-jugis amplis ovalibus 
acuminatis supra hirsutis subtus —— spica oboe : 


NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ. 609 


calyce tubuloso striato sericeo-pilosulo quam dimidium co- 
rolle sericeo-villosæ breviore.—Species distinctissima fructu 
ignoto quoad affinitates dubia. Petioli ale apice et basi 
longe angustate.  Foliola ultima in specimine 9 poll. longa, 
4j poll. lata, letevirentia, membranacea, mollia. Bracteæ 
lineari-lanceolate, caduce. Calyx 5 lin, corolla 11 lin. 
longa.— Teapa, in South Mexico, Linden, n. 726. 

$ 2. Calocephale. Ramuli crassi, angulati, uti folia glabri 
V. presertim juniores hispidi. Bracteæ majuscule, sepe 
persistentes. Calyx-membranaceus, striatus, glaber vel te- 
nuissime pubescens. Corolla longe tubulosa, hirsutissima. 
Foliola ampla, ultima semipedalia ad pedalia. Glandule 
sessiles v. breviter stipitate. 

93. I. bracteosa, ramulis foliisque parce hirtellis demum 
glabratis, petiolo nudo, foliolis 3-jugis maximis ovali-ellipticis 
breviter acuminatis basi rotundatis, spicis ovato-capitatis, 
bracteis lanceolatis acuminatissimis calyces æquantibus, ca- 
lycis longe cylindrici glabriusculi dentibus subulato-acumi- 
natis, corolla hirsutissima calyce duplo iongiore.—Foliola 
ultima 10-11 poll longa, 6 poll lata. Stipule ovate. 
Glandule breviter stipitatæ. Calyces pollicares. Corolla 14 
poll. longa. Stamina cum flore ultra 3 poll. longa, tubo 
longe exserto.— British Guiana, Schomburgk, 2nd. Coll. n. 
695 (1080.) 

94. I. spectabilis (Willd. Spec. 4, p. 1017), petiolo nudo v. - 
angustissime marginato, foliolis 2-jugis ovatis acutis basi 
_inæqualibus nitidis utrinque ramisque glabris, spicis oblongis, 
bracteis ovato-lanceolatis calyces superantibus, calyce tubu- - 
loso quam corolla hispida subtriplo breviore.—Mimosa spec- 
tabilis, Vahl.! in Act. Soc. Hafn. 2, p. 219, t. 10.—Foliola 
ultima 6-8-pollicaria. Calyces 3-4 lin., corolla 8-9 lin. longa. 
“Arbor procera, maxime spectabilis. Legumina longitudine 
. Pedis 13-2, latitudine 3 uncias, perpendiculariter propter 
Pondus magna in copia e ramis dependent. Semen pulpa 
. Mivea cincta. Flores candidi.”—Cultivated in an Indian 
. Berden in the village of Gaira, near Santa Martha, von Rohr. 

.. 95.? I. pruriens (Popp. et Endl. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 3, p. 

VOL. IV, oe Do lv 


610 NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ. 


78), ramulis teretibus petiolis costisque foliorum rufo-hirsu- 
tis, foliolis 2-3-jugis amplis rigidissimis elliptico-obovatis 
obtusis basi cuneata rotundatis supra glabris basin versus 
uniglandulosis subtus hirto-pilosis, spicis solitariis sessilibus, 
calyce corollaque hirsutis. Foliola glandula cupuliformi in 
nervo versus lamine basin sita insignia, terminalia 10 lin. 
longa, 5 poll. lata. Flores apertos non vidit cl. Peeppig.— 
Eastern Peru, in woods towards the Mission of Tocache, … 
Peppig. Unknown to me, and referable perhaps to the 
Pseudinge Pilosiuscule, or possibly allied to I. Lindeniana. | 
96. I. fastuosa (Willd. Spec. 4, p. 1014), ramulis ferru- - 
gineo-hirtis petiolo alato, foliolis 4-5-jugis ovato-oblongis 
acutis supra nitidis sparse pilosulis subtus ferrugineo-hirsutis, 
spicis paucifloris, bracteis...... , calyce longo cylindrico 
glabriuseulo quam corolla tbulósa hispidissima duplo 
breviore, “legumine lato lineari tortuoso.”—Foliola supe- 
riora 4-pollicaria. Calyx pollicares. Stamina cum flore 
ultra 3 poll longa, tubo longe exserto.—Caraccas, HR 
Smith. 
97. I. macrophylla (Humb. et Bonpl. in Willd. Speo: K 
p. 1015), ramulis foliisque junioribus parce hirtellis demum. 
glabratis, petiolo alato, foliolis 3- -4-jugis amplis ovatis acutis. 
subcordatis supra nitidis, spicis ovato-capitatis, bracteis 
ovato-lanceolatis calyce magno cylindrico striato glabrius- : 
culo brevioribus, corolla calyce subduplo longiore tenui 
sericeo-hirsutissima.—I, calocephala, Pepp.! et Endl. Nov. 
Gen. et Sp. 3, p. 78.—Foliola ultima 6-8 poll. longa, 3-4 poll. 
lata, inferiora minora, rigide membranacea v. subcoriacea, 
venis subtus valde prominentibus. Ale petioli fere à ] 
ad par attingunt. Stipule late ovato-cordatæ, semipollicares+ 
Spice bipollicares in pedunculo rigido pariter eri 
Bracteæ persistentes, demum reflexæ. Calyx 8 lin., 
15 lin. longa. Stamina longissima, tubo exserto. —Woo 
on the Orenoco, Humboldt and Bonpland ; at Borba, in Ni 
Brasil, Riedel; in the province of Maynas, Peppig. —— 
98. I. brachyptera, ramulis foliisque junioribus — are 
hirtellis demum glabratis petiolo sub pari ipn en ev. 


NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ. 611 


alato, glandulis stipitatis, foliolis 3-jugis amplis ovali-ellipticis 
acute acuminatis basi rotundatis supra nitidis, spicis ovato- 
capitatis, bracteis ovatis acutis calyce magno cylindrico vix 
brevioribus, corolla calyce duplo longiore sericeo-hirsutissimo, 
legumine hirsutissimo.—A ffinis I. macrophylle, sed alis petioli 
brevibus, foliolis basi angustatis etc., distincta videtur. Legu- 
minis facies plane, margines valde dilatati sulcati.—Tumaco 
in Columbia, Hinds. 

99. I. heteroptera, ramulis foliisque demum  glabratis, 
petiolo sub paribus omnibus alato, foliolis 3-jugis amplis 
ovali-ellipticis longe acuminatis basi valde obliquis, spicis 
ovato-capitatis, bracteis ovatis deciduis calycem late tubu- 
losum puberulum equantibus, corolla sericeo-hirsutissima 
calyce plus duplo longiore.—I. brachyptere similis quidem, 
sed pluribus notis et imprimis floribus multo minoribus 
distincta. Foliola ultima fere pedalia, 4-5 poll. lata. Pedun- 
culi apice ancipites 2-21-pollicares.. Calyx 3-33 lin. longus, 
tenuis, laxior quam in precedentibus. Corolla 9-10 lin. 
longa, pilis flavicantibus dense obtecta. Tubus stamineus 
exsertus. Legumen ei I. brachyptere simile dicitur.—San 
Pedro in Columbia, Hinds. 

100. I. lucida (Humb. et Kunth, Nov, Gen. et Sp. 6, 
p- 287), ramulis foliisque glabris, petiolo sub paribus alato, 
foliolis bijugis amplis subellipticis subacuminatis basi valde 
inæqualibus nitidis, spicis elliptico-oblongis, bracteis lanceo- 
lato-oblongis calycem duplo superantibus, calyce tubuloso- 
campanulato sericeo-pubescente quam corolla. lanuginoso- 
sericea subtriplo breviore.—Foliola ultima 6-7 poll. longa, 
34 poll. lata, Bractea 8 lin., calyx 4 lin., corolla ultra 10 lin. 
longa. Legumen bipedale dis of the Magdalena, near 
Badillas, Humboldt and Bonpland, Unknown to me. 

101. I. fulgens (Kunth, Pl. Legum. p. 36, t. 11), ramulis 
foliisque glabris, petiolo sub paribus alato, foliolis 2-3-jugis - 
amplis obovali-ellipticis utrinque rotundatis coriaceis nitidis, 
spicis elliptico-oblongis, bracteis ovatis acutis calycem tubu- 
loso-campanulatum duplo superantibus, corolla hirsuto-sericea 

Re tr. 


612 NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ, 


calyce 3-4-plo longiore.—Foliola ultima 63-72 poll. longa, 
4 poll. lata. Bracteæ 6 lin., calyx 3 lin., corolla ultra 8 lin. 
longa.—Near Honda, in New Granada, Humboldt and Bon- 
pland. Unknown to me. 

I have seen a specimen without flower in the Berlin her- 
barium, gathered by Billberg near Porto Bello, which appears 
to belong to a distinct species of this series. 

$3. Calycine. Spice pauciflore. Calyx sessilis, crasso- 
coriaceus, ultra 9 lin. longus. Corolla villosissima. Legumen 
crassissimum, sæpius faleatum, villosissimum, margine exte- 
riore demum verrucoso corrugato crassissimo. An genus  - 
proprium ?—Pubes rufa. Foliola plurijuga.  Petiolus alatus. 
Glandulæ scutellæformes. 

102. I. calycina, ramulis petiolis pedunculis costisque 
foliolourm rufo-pubescentibus, foliolis 6-7-jugis oblongo- 
lanceolatis acuminatis supra demum glabriusculis, subtus — 
ferrugineo-pubescentibus, spicis interruptis paucifloris, caly- — 
cibus corollam villosam zquantibus.—I. sessili ferein omnibus — — 
similis, calycibus exceptis 16-17 lin. longis. Legumen idem. 
—Brasil, between Itamaratim (or Inhumerim?) and Congo- 

103. I. sessilis (Mart. Herb. Fl. Bras. p. 114), ramulis - ; 
petiolis pedunculis costisque foliolorum rufo-velutinis, foliolis — 

5-7-jugis oblongo- v. ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis coriacels — 
supra demum glabriusculis subtus ferrugineo-pubescentibus, ; 
spicis interruptis paucifloris, corolla pilosissima calyce dimi- 
dio longiore.—Mimosa sessilis Vell. Fl. Flum. 11, t. 21.— 
Arbor 20-pedalis.—Ramuli crassi. Stipule parve, caducæ. — 
Foliola pleraque 3-5-pollicaria. Pedunculi sub flore infimo 
1--pollicares. Flores 3-5, dissiti. Bracteze ovate, cadu- 
cissimæ, parve. Calyx 9-10 lin. longus, crassus, striatus, - 
apice irregulariter 3-5-dentatus. Corolla pilis netantibus 
densissime obtecta. Stamina numerosissima, tripollicaria 
y. longiora, basi breviter connata. Legumen crassum den- 
sissime ferrugineo-hirsutum, rectum v. falcatum., — 
Sello ; Organ Mountains, Miers, Gardner, n. 363. M 


NOTES ON MIMOSEZE. 618 


§ 4. Erianthe. Omnia Verarum nisi calyces sæpius pedi- 
cellati et corolle pilis crispis v. implexis lanatæ. Petiolus 
apterus v. alatus. Glandule acutellæformes. 

104. I. rubiginosa (DC. Prod. 2, p. 434) ramulis petiolis 
peduneulisque ferrugineo-velutinis, petiolo nudo, foliolis 
4-5-jugis ovatis v. elliptico-oblongis acuminatis superne 
nervo excepto subglabris nitidis subtus ferrugineo-velutinis, 
spicis interruptis paucifloris, calyce sessili campanulato 
corolla plus triplo breviore.—Foliola ultima 6-8 poll. longa, 
21-4 poll. lata, basi rotundata. Spica cum pedunculo brevi 
‘2-4-pollicaris. Bracteas non vidi. Calyx arcte sessilis, 3 
lin. longus, ferrugineo-velutinus. Corolla fere pollicaris, 
pilis crispulis villosissima.—Demerara, Parker; Cayenne, 
Martin. 

¿~ 105. I. subnuda (Salzm.! Pl. exs.), ramulis petiolis pedun- 
‘culisque ferrugineo-pubescentibus subvelutinis, petiolo sub 
paribus ultimis breviter alato, foliis 3-jugis ovali- v. oblongo- 
ellipticis acuminatis supra nervo excepto glabris nitidis subtus 
ferrugineo-pubescentibus, racemis oblongis, calycibus cam- 
panulatis pedicellatis corolla subtriplo brevioribus.—Foliola 
demum quam in I. rudiginosa crassiora, ultima semipedalia. 
Ale sub paribus 1-2 ultimis plus minus dilatatæ, mox eva- 
nescentes. Racemi superiores paniculati. Pedicelli calyce 
paullo breviores. Calyx 24 lin., corolla 6-8 lin. longa— 
Bahia, Salzmann. 

106. I. ingoides (Willd. Spec. 4, p. 1012), ramulis petiolis 
‘inflorescentiaque tomentosis, petiolo inter paria alato, foliolis 
plerisque 4-jugis ovali-oblongis acuminatis mucronatisve 
Supra puberulis subtus tomentosis, racemis pedunculatis, 
pedicellis calyce vix brevioribus, calycibus campanulatis 
tomentosis corolla dimidio brevioribus, legumine subtereti 
sulcato.—I. Merianeæ, Splitg. Pl. Nov. Surin. p. 19.— 
Foliola ultima 4-6 poll. longa, 2-3 poll.lata. Racemi elongati 
V. rarius corymbiformes. Calyx 3 lin., corolla 6 lin. longa. 
Variat foliolis latioribus angustioribusve, supra lucidis v. 
Opacis.—Jamaica, Stuart; Dominica, herb. Hooker; St. Vin- 


614 NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ. 


cent’s, Guilding; Demerara, Parker; Surinam, Hostmann, 
n. 685 and 884. 

107. I. eriantha, ramulis petiolis inflorescentiaque ferru- 
gineo-velutinis, petiolo inter paria alato, foliolis plerisque 
4-jugis ovatis obtusis v. rarius subacuminatis supra puberulis 
demum nitidis subtus ferrugineo-velutinis, spicis laxis, caly- 
cibus brevissime pedicellatis campanulatis corolla 3-4-plo 
brevioribus,—Foliola ultima 3-4 poll. longa 2-21 poll. lata. 
Flores fere I. rubiginose sed minores et pedicello demum 
lineam longo stipitati. Calyx vix 2 lin., corolla 7-8 lin. longa. 
Legumen in specimine huc ut ter pertinente crassissi- 
mum, falcatum, tomento brevissime ferrugineum, faciebus a 
marginibus omnino obtectis.—Brasil, Sello, in flower ; Rio 
Janeiro, Miers, in fruit. ; 

108. I. acutifolia, ramulis petiolis pedunculisque ferrugineo- 
tomentosis, petiolo inter paria alato, foliolis oblongis v. ob- 
longo-lanceolatis acutis parce hirtellis supra nitidulis, spicis 
elongatis breviter pedunculatis, calycibus campanulatis sub- 
sessilibus tomentosis, corolla calyce dimidio longiore.— 3 
Foliola ultima 4-6 poll. longa, 14-14 poll. lata. Spice qe = 
pollicares, interrruptæ. Bracteæ lato-ovatæ, caducissimæ —— 
Calyx 34 lin. longus. Corolla 5 lin. longa, pilis crispulis 
dense vestita.—Pernambuco, Gardner, n. 985. 

109. I. Berteriana (DC.! Leg. Mem. p. 438), ramulis 
petiolis costisque foliolorum velutino-tomentosis, petiolo inter 
paria alato, foliolis 5-7-jugis oblongis basi inœquilateris supra 
puberulis subtus velutino-pubescentibus, spicis ovatis oblon- 
gisve pedunculatis, calyce amplo tubuloso-campanulato - 
tomentoso quam corolla paullo breviore.—Foliola fere I. acu- 5 
minate. Glandule parvule. Flores subsessiles v. breviter - 
pedicellati. Calyx I. vere. Corolla magnitudine I. vere, 
sed pilis crispulis vestita.—Santa Martha, Bertero; Gage 
mala, Friedrichsthal. — : 

§ 5. Vere. Calyces tomentosi, sessiles v. rarius breit s 
pedicellati. Corolla pilis longis sericeis appressis v. subpa- 
tentibus (nec in flore perfecto crispulis) vestitus PH 


NOTES ON MIMOSEZ. 615 


alatus. Glandule scutelleformes. Ramuli, petioli, pedun- 
culi et nervi foliolorum in omnibus pube ferruginea, brevi v. 
velutina, vestiti.—The species of this series are all very much 
alike in foliage, and the characters derived from the inflores- 
cence, the form and length of the calyx, &c., are often 
scarcely tangible, yet the pods are frequently so very dissi- 
milar that where they are not known, I have" been afraid to 
unite plants under one species in cases where the differences 
appear but very slight. 


*Calyce sessili tubuloso v. turbinato-tubuloso, 5-7 lin., rarius 
4 lin. longo. 


110. I. vera (Willd. Spec. 4, p. 1010), pube tenui, foliolis 
4-5 jugis obovali-v. elliptico-oblongis acuminatis, spicis ob- 
longis v. interruptis paucifloris, bracteis parvis ovatis, calyce 
tubuloso ad duas tertias corolle attingente, legumine tereti 
sulcato.—Foliola quam in affinibus tenuiora, majora 4-5 poll. 
longa, 2 poll.lata, pube brevissima scabriuscula, supra niti- 
dula. Calyces 6-7 lin. longi. Corolla fere 9 lin. longa.— 
Jamaica, Wright, Purdie; Haiti, Ehrenberg. This is, accord- 
ing to Vogel, the species preserved in Willdenow’s herba- 
rium, and supposed by him to be the Mimosa Inga of Lin- 
nsus, but itis probable that Linnæus included under that 
name all those of this series which were known to him. | 

111. I. eriocarpa, pube ferruginea densa, foliolis 5-jugis 
obovali-v. elliptico-oblongis vix acuminatis, spicis interrup- 
tis paucifloris, bracteis parvis ovatis, calyce amplo tubuloso 
ad duas tertias corollæ attingente, legumine subtereti sulcato 
. dense tomentoso.— Vix I. vere varietas, etsi forma foliolorum 
similis.  Foliola demum  subcoriacea, utrinque velutino- 
pubescentia. Flores magnitudine I. vere, sed crassiores.— 
Mexico, between San Blas and Guadalaxara, Coulter. 

112. I. spuria (Willd. ? Spec. 4, p. 1011), pube ferruginea 
densa, foliolis 5-6-jugis oblongis acuminatis supra brevissime 
pubescentibus subtus hirtellis, spicis oblongis v. interruptis 
paucifloris, bracteis linearibus caducissimis, calyce tubuloso 
quam dimidium corolla npo legume tereti sulcato. 


616 NOTES ON MIMOSEJE. 


—Foliola iis I. vere subsimilia v. angustiora, molliora ; pube 
densiore, supra raro nitida; rhachis longior. Calyces in 
altero specimine vix.. 5 lin. in altero fere 6 lin. longi. 
Corolla 10-11 lin. longa.— British Guiana, Schomburgk, 2nd. 
Coil. n. 831 (1423). These specimens agree well with Kunth's 
description, but scarcely so with Willdenow's. 

B? sordida, foliolis majoribus obovato-oblongis subcoria- 
ceis ultimis sepe semipedalibus, corolla minore vix 9 lin. 
longa. Bractec I. spurie. Legumen ignotum. An species 
propria? Anl. Cumingiane var.?— Brasil, Sello. 

113. L. Cumingiana, pube brevi subferruginea, foliolis 
ovali- v. oblongo-ellipticis acutiusculis utrinque scabro- 
pubescentibus, pedunculis elongatis supra medium interrupte 
floriferis, bracteis linearibus diu persistentibus, calycibus 
tubulosis dimidium corolle aureo-villosissime æquantibus. 
—Affinis videtur I. spurie.  Foliola letevirentia, majora - 
4-6 poll. longa, 2 poll. lata. Pedunculi cum spica 3-5-polli- — 
cares. Bracteæ calyce breviores. Calyx 5 lin. Corolla 
9-10 lin. longa.—Lima, Cuming, n. 980; Bolivia, Pentland. 

114. I. æalapensis, pube densa, foliolis 5-jugis oblongis 
acuminatis, spicis oblongis, bracteis lanceolatis diu persisten- 
tibus calyces æquantibus, calyce tubuloso v. tubuloso-cam- 
panulato ad duas tertias corollæ attingente.—I. spurie affinis, 
bracteis et proportione florum diversa et pubes densior fere 
I. eriocarpe. Calyx in flore perfecte evoluto 41-5 lin. longus. 
Corolla 7 lin. Ramuli angulati.— Xalapa, Coulter, Linden, 
n. 671. 

115. I. ffezuosa (Schlecht. Linnæa 12, p. 559), cujus flores 
non descripti sunt, a precedente differre videtur petiolo inter 
foliola inferiora non alato.—I, Schiedeana, Steud. Nom. Bot. 
ed. 2.—Xalapa, Schiede. 

116. I. Uraguensis (Hook. et Arn.! Bot. Misc. 3, p. 202); 
pube ferruginea in ramulis velutina in foliis brevi rara; 
foliolis 4-6-jugis oblongis acuminatis, spicis ovatis densis 
longiuscule pedunculatis, bracteis parvis ovatis, calyce an- 
guste tubuloso ad duas tertias corolle attingente.— Primo. 
intuitu I. spurie et I. xalapensi affinis, sed inflorescentia et 


NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ. 617 


. Bores diversi. Petioli sæpius a basi alati, dum in speciebus 
. precedentibus ssepius infra par infimum nudi sunt. Calyces 
arcte sessiles, 6 lin. longi, basi attenuati. Corolla 8-9 lin. 
. longa.— Common on the Uruguay, Tweedie. 

= HT. I. insignis (Kunth. Mim. p. 43, t. 13) ramulis petiolis 
. pedunculis costisque foliolorum  hirto-tomentosis, foliolis 
. 5-jugis ellipticis acuminatis coriaceis glabris nitidis, spicis 
- oblongis densis, bracteis oblongo-spathulatis calyces æquan- 
tibus, calyce turbinato-tubuloso hirto-pubescente quam co- 
. Tolla sericea duplo breviore, legumine quadrangulari lignoso- 
. tomentoso.— Between Quito and Puembo, Humboldt and 
- Bonpland. Unknown to me. 

2:118. I. pachycarpa, pube ferruginea velutina, foliolis 4-5- 
jugis ovali- v. oblongo-ellipticis acuminatis coriaceis nitidulis 
utrinque hirtis, spicis ovatis densis, bracteis lanceolatis calyce 
. brevioribus, calyce turbinato-tubuloso ferrugineo-velutino di- 
. midium corolle hirsutissimæ superante, legumine quadran- 
gulari lignoso tomentoso.— Pluribus notis cum descr. I. 
insignis convenit, sed multo villosior. Foliola majora, ultima 
. 4 poll. longa, 2 poll. lata. Bracteæ breviores, caducissimæ. 
. Calyx 5-6 lin., corolla 10-11 lin. longa. Legumen semipe- 
- dale v. longius, 9 lin. latum et crassum, lateribus sulcatis, 


Quito, Loxa, and Cuenca, Hartweg, n. 966; but as I have 
_ hot seen specimens from all these localities, it is possible that 
. Some may refer to the true I. insignis. 


. H9. I. Zaxiflora, pube densa rufo-velutina, foliolis 5-jugis 
oblongo-ellipticis acuminatis utrinque hirtellis demum niti- 
dulis, pedunculis elongatis supra medium interrupte floriferis, 
bracteis parvis oblongo-linearibus caducis, calyce pedicellato 
tubuloso-campanulato velutino quam dimidium corolle vil- 


longa, 1} poll, lata. Pedunculi cum racemo 6-8 poll. longi. 
"Ores inferiores distantes. Pedicelli 1-2 lin. longi. Flores 
ACT 1v. zz 


_ faciebus concavis non obtectis.—Puente de Guapulo, near 


“Calyce pedicellato subcampanulato, raro 4 lineas excedente. — 


?siSsimze breviore.— Pluribus notis cum descr. I. ornate - 
Convenit, sel inflorescentia diversa. Foliola majora 5 poll. 


+ 


618 NOTES ON MIMOSEJE. 


crassiusculi, Calyx laxus, 4 lin., corolla 9 lin. longa— M 
Sesuya, in Peru, Mathews, n. 3274. i 

120. I. ornata (Kunth, Mim. 46, t. 14), ramulis petiolis : 
peduneulisque  hirto-tomentosis, foliolis 5-jugis oblongis | 
acutis subcoriaceis supra pubescentibus subtus canescentibus 
et hirsuto-pubescentibus, spicis. oblongis densis, bracteis 
caducis, calycibus pedicellatis campanulatis corolle sericeo- 
villosæ dimidium æquantibus, legumine longissimo sulcato.— — 
Foliola majora 54 poll. longa, 2 poll. lata. Spica v. racemus - 
bipollicaris, densiflorus, in pedunculo pollicari. Calyx 4 ln, | 
corolla 8 lin. longa. Legumen 3-4-pedale.— Between Buga 
and Carthage, Humboldt and Bonpland. Unknown to me. — 

121. I. Bahiensis, pube brevi ferruginea, foliolis 5-6-jugis 
ovali-ellipticis oblongisve acuminatis utrinque hirtellis supra - 
nitidulis, spicis brevibus oblongisve pedunculatis, bracteis — 
ovatis brevibus, calycibus brevissime pedicellatis campanu- — 
latis corolla subtriplo brevioribus.—Foliola ultima 4-8 poll. — 
longa, 15-24 poll. lata. Ale petioli late. Pedunculi 14-3- — 
pollicares, apice breviter floriferi, floribus primum subco- - 
rymbosis demum parum distantibus. Calyx 3 lin., corolla 3 
9 lin. longa. Legumen tomentosum, marginibus valde dila- - 
tatis at facies non obtegentibus. —Bahia, Blanchet, n. 1016 55 
and 1017. P: 

P. foliolis minoribus 3-4-jugis.—Bahia, Salzmann, under. 1 
the name of I. alata. : 


*** Calyce sessili campanulato raro 4 lineas excedente. — 


122. I. Lushnathiana, pube ferruginea, foliolis sub-4-jugts 
ovali- v. obovali-oblongis obtusiusculis, spicis breviter pedun- 
culatis interruptis, bracteis orbiculatis parvis, calyce brevitet — 
campanulato velutino quam corolla hirsutissima quintuplo : 

_breviore.— Folia fere I. erianthe. Spice bipollicares in apices — 
ramulorum confertæ, floribus omnibus dissitis. Calyx w > 
1; lin. longus, arcte sessilis. Corolla semipollicaris v. long 
—Rio Janeiro, Lushnath, Pohl, me 

123. I. affinis (DC. Prod. 2, p. 433), pube ferruginea vetu- 
tina sæpius copiosa, foliolis 4-6-jugis oblongis v. ovali- 


foe 


NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ,. 619 


ticis acuminatis v. rarius obtusis demum supra nitidulis 
spicis oblongis, bracteis brevibus caducis, calyce sessili velu- 
tino quam corollæ sericeo-villosissime dimidium breviore, 
legumine subplano latissime marginato velutino-tomentoso. 
— Mimosa dulcis, Vell. Fl. Flum. 11, t. 4.—Inga dulcis, Mart. 
Herb. Bras. p. 113.—J. Arrabide, Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 
. —Mimosa umbellata, Vell. Fl. Flum. 11, t. 12.—Inga Vello- 
. Siana, Mart. Herb. Bras. p. 114.— Folia I. eriocarpe, Y. vala- 
pensis et I. Uraguensis.  Foliola raro 4 poll. excedunt. 
Calyces 3-31 raro 4 lin. Bractee ovate v. orbiculatæ. 
Legumen 6-9 lin. latum marginibus suleatis et undulatis 
facies non obtegentibus. Species a collectoribus sæpe missa, 
variat foliolorum forma, pube, &c.—Rio Janeiro, Guillemin, 
n. 273, Gardner, n. 201; Brasil, Pohl, Claussen; Porana and 
Buenos Ayres, Tweedie. 
. 124. I. ornifolia (Humb. et Kunth, Nov. Gen. et Sp. 6, 
P. 291), ramulis hirto-tomentosis, foliolis 5-jugis lanceolato- 
oblongis utrinque molliter pilosis supra subnitidis, legumine 
. Compresso densissime hirto-tomentoso margine valde incras- 
_ Sato sulcato et undulato.— Near Quito, Humboldt and Bon- 
_ Pland, Probably very near to I. affinis, but unknown to me. 
| 125. 1. velutina (Willd. Spec. 4, p. 1014), from Para, is 
Süd by De Candolle to differ chiefly from I. affinis by the 
larger leaflets. It must also be very near I. edulis. Speci- 
. Mens gathered by Purdie at St. Martha may possibly be the 
. Same, but they are only in young fruit without flowers. 
. . 126. I. edulis (Mart. Herb. Bras. p. 113), pube ferruginea 
. ?revi, foliolis 4-5-jugis oblongo- v. ovali-ellipticis acumi- 
. Matis membranaceis, pedunculis fasciculatis, spicis oblongis, 
foribus tenuibus sessilibus, bracteis lanceolatis, calyce 
. "ubuloso-campanulato corolla subtriplo breviore, legumine 
. tenuiter tomentoso longo subtereti, sulcato.—Mimosa Ynga 
Vell. Fl. Flum, 11, t. 3. Foliola multo majora quam in 
I affinis et vulgo tenuiora, sæpe semipedalia. Pedunculi 1-13 7 
Pollicares, Spice breves subinterrupte. Flores quam in 
Præcedentibus multo tenuiores. Calyx 2-24 lin., corolla 7 
Ta. longa. Legumen sepe pedale v. longius, vix semipol- 
| 222 | 


620 NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ, 


licem diametro, marginibus facies omnino een 
Brasil, Pohl. : 

197. I. fasciculata (Pepp.! et Endl. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 3, 
p. 79), pube ferruginea velutina, foliolis 4-jugis ovalibus v. - 
elliptico-oblongis supra pubescentibus subtus Mie | 
villosulis, spicis pedunculatis fasciculatis oblongis, bracteis - 
parvis ovatis, calyce tubuloso-campanulato tomentoso quam - 
corollæ sericeo-villose dimidium breviore, * legumine lineari E 
lato plano demum glabro."— Folia iis I. eduli similia v. magis : 
coriacea et pubes copiosior. Inflorescentia eadem, pedun- | 
culis per 6-9 fasciculatis, nec differunt flores nisi minores - 
(5 lin. longi). Legumen tamen a Peeppigio descriptum (ë 
me non visum) diversissimum est, 6-8 poll. longum; 1 poll. - 
latum et potius Pseudinge quam Euinge. An reverain eodem - 
arbore lectum ?—Subandine woods of Peru, near Cuchero, : 
Peppiy. 

123. I. conferta, pube tenui, foliolis 5-6-jugis ones 
ticis oblongisve acuminatis tenuiter puberulis, spicis pedun- ; 
culatis fasciculatis superioribus corymboso-confertis singulis 
oblongis, bracteis ovato-lanceolatis, calyce tubuloso-campa - 
nulato tomentoso dimidium corollæ sericeo-villosæ æquante 
—Affinis J. fasciculate.  Foliola numerosiora, pleraqu 
semipedalia, 9 poll lata. Pedunculi inferiores interdum 
solitarii, superiores per 4-8 fasciculati. Flores 6 lin. longi. 
Legumen ignotum. —Tarapoto, in Peru, Mathews, n. 1595. 


Species quoad Sectionem dubie. 


129. T. angustifolia (Willd. Spec. 4, p. 1012), petiolo alato, 
glandulis parvis sessilibus, foliolis 4-9-jugis lanceolatis a 
minatis utrinque nitidis, legumine lineari plano glabro. 2 
Flowers unknown, probably allied. either to I. nutans ve 
I. heterophylla.—Caraccas, Bredemeyer. 

130. I. Bonplandiana (Humb. et Kunth, Nov. Gen. et "P 
6, p. 288), foliis glabris, petiolo alato, foliolis 5-jugis ellipti 
oblongis acutis subcordatis subcoriaceis glabris supra niti 
floribus spicatis sessilibus, corolla calyce duplo 
sericea, legumine complanato gibig se 


NOTES ON MIMOSEZE. . 621 


.. —Province of Jaen de Bracamoras, Humboldt and Bonpland. 
Perhaps near I. scabriuscula. i 
131. I. thyrsoidea (Desv.. Journ. Bot. 1814, 1, p. 71), 
foliolis trijugis ovatis glabris subtus venosis, petiolo subnudo 
"apice articulationum subalato, ramis angulatis cinereis, 
floribus thyrsoideis.— Guiana. 
132. I. Thibaudiana (DC. Prod. 2, p. 434), foliolis 4-5 
. jugis ovato-oblongis acuminatis superne nervo excepto 
glabris subtus petiolis peduneulis calycibusque pubescen- 
tibus, petiolo apice alato basi nudo, spicis subgeminis 
oblongis ad apicem ramorum subpaniculatis, corollis sericeo- 
Pubescentibus.— Corollz tenues, 7 lin, longæ. Stamina rubra, 
exserta.— Cayenne, Herb. Thibaud. 
: 133. I. gladiata (Desv. in Ann. sc. Nat. Ser. 1, v. 9, 
P. 427) foliolis 4-jugis oblique ovatis abrupte acuminatis 
. Supra subasperis subtus rugoso-pubescentibus, glandulis 
. Maximis cupuliformibus, spicis brevibus axillaribus breviter 
. Pedunculatis, leguminibus compressis falcatis aureo-pube- 
. Scentibus falcatis rostratis.—Guiana. 
Pie. | rhoifolia (Willd. Enum. p. 1046), petiolo alato 
foliolis 5-jugis oblongis acuminatis supra hirtis nitidis subtus 
Allosis, ramis ferrugineo-tomentosis.— Brasil. The above 
Character, taken from a plant not yet in flower, will apply to 
Many of the Euinge Vere, as well as to several species of 
. other sections, 
M I. nodosa, Willd. Spec. 4, p. 1016, or Mimosa nodosa, Linn., e 
38 Cassia bacillaris. Ho 
i n cognata, Schlecht. Linnea 12, p. 560, has the leaves - 
. Fédly bipinnate, with one pair of pinnæ and the common 
. Petiole so short that the leaves appear at first sight to be 
_ Simply pinnate. It is a Pithecolobium very near P. glome- 
E ramiflora, Steud. Flora 1843, p. 759, is Pithecolobium —— 


Tosum ; I. pubiramea, Steud. l. e. is unknown to me; the 
plant I have from Hostmann under n. 171is my Calliandra 
sis with which Steudel's character does not agree. 


lsiopus ; 1. trapeziformis, Steud. L. c. is Pithecolobium corym- — 


622. FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA. 


I. bauhiniefolie, Pospp. et Endl. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 3, 
p. 80, is my Calliandra amazonica. I. leta, Poepp. et Endl. 
l. c., is my Pithecolobium letum, to which I have also referred 
the specimens in fruit described by Posppig under the name 
of Pithecolobium polycarpum. " 

(To be continued.) " 


Contributions towards a FrLoRA or Sourn AMERICA — 
Enumeration of Plants collected by Sir Ropert SCHO! ; 
BURGK, in British Guiana.—By GEoRGE BENTHAM, Eso. 


(Continued from Vol. II. p. 674.) 


PoLYGoNACE&. 


The genera of this order have been well arranged by ©. 
A. Meyer in a paper published in the Transactions of the 
Academy of Sciences of St. Petersburgh, and several portions 
of the order have been worked up with considerable ability - 
by Meissner, yet there remains much to be done by the 

 monographist who shall undertake the task for the ! 
 dromus, and who it is generally understood is to be U^ - 
Meissner himself. The further division of the extensive 

genus Polygonum will probably not be carried beyond t 
separation of Meissner's very natural genus Muhlenbeckia 
and possibly that of some anomalous looking species; : 

as P. virginicum,t but Coccoloba, if studied from better 
mens than those we usually possess, might furnish E 
very good sectional, if not generic groups. Among 
numerous species now preserved in our herbaria, b 


* The P. flexuosum, Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 80, must follow its near 2 
P. tamnifolium, Humb. et Kunth, into Muhlenbeckia. The ns 
style in the American species are not so distinctly penicillate 88 ` 
Australian M. australis, but this does not invalidate the general 
of the genus, POR Sea: JOE 

T Whilst correcting this sheet for press, I have received Dr. 
Plante Zindheimeriane, in which one of these species, P. fi l 
established as a-genus under the name of Thysanella. 


FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA. 623 


are to be met with in fruit, and it is that organ which 
appears to present the most remarkable variations. In some 
species, the achænium is entirely included in the enlarged 
fleshy tube of the perigon, whilst the lobes are scarcely 
altered, and persist in the form of a crown at the summit of 
the fruit, like the calyx of Rubiacee and other orders 
with adherent calyxes or so-called inferior fruits. In other 
species the whole perigon becomes fleshy and scarcely covers 
the achænium, the upper part of which is more or less free; 
and in some cases the ovary and fruit, instead of being 
sessile at the base of the perigon, are born upon a more 
or less evident fleshy support. I have not seen the fruit of 
a sufficient number of species to ascertain whether these 
differences correspond with the variations observable in the 
venation of the leaves, the inflorescence or flowers, and what 
importance may therefore be attributable to them; but I 
have ventured, in the Botany of the Voyage of the Sulphur, 
to propose under the name of Campderia, a new genus for 
a plant, in which the perigon does not appear to become 
fleshy at all, but encloses an almost dry achænium supported 
on a thick fleshy stalk, although the general habit of the 
plant be that of several Coccolobe. In many species of 
Coccoloba the ovary is abortive in several flowers, but I 
. have never observed any deficiency in the stamens, and this 
partial polygamous disposition appears to be of very little 
importance. 

Among the Triplaridee, the two genera Triplaris and Ru- 


| : . prechtia are very appropriately distinguished by Dr. Meyer. 
.. In both of them the arrangement of the stamens in the male 


flowers is the same as in other regular hexamerous en- 
neandrous Polygonee, and does not appear to me to have 
been quite correctly described in Endlicher's Genera. I 


». always find one stamen opposite to each inner segment, and — 
a ; one close on each side of i it; so that when the flower is fully 


expanded, there is a ho interval opposite to each. outer 
. Segment of the perigon, as represented in Eriogonum. 
. positum, Linn. Trans. v. 17, pl. 17, fig. 10, €. e AN cise 


624 FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA. 


same number and arrangement is observable in the minute … 
abortive stamens in the female flowers of some Rwprechtie. 
The additional genus, Symmeria, here proposed, with poly- 
androus male flowers, is a singular anomaly amongst Polygo- 
nacee. 

The near relationship of Brunnichia and Antigonon are 
more fully referred to in the Botany of the Voyage of the 
Sulphur, p. 47. 

847. Polygonum acuminatum, Humb. et Kunth. Nov. Gen. 
et Sp. 2, p. 178, var. fere glabrum, ciliis vaginarum paucis.— — 
In the water along the upper Essequibo, Schomburgk, Ist — 
Coll. n. 370. ; ee 

848. Coccoloba grandis, sp. n., glaberrima, foliis amplis- — 
simis obovato-orbicularibus obtusissimis basi vix emarginatis . 
subbullatis venis supra impressis, panicule ramis elongatis 
gracilibus, bracteis minutis, pedicellis perigonio brevioribus, 
perigonii tubo lobis multo breviore, bacca lobos perigonii = 
zequante.—Arbor 30-pedalis, cortice sulcato. Ramuli crassi, 
concavi. Vagine ample, laxe, striate, 1-2 poll. longe. 
Folia majora sesquipedalia, ultra pedem lata, apice nunc . 
breviter et obtuse acuminata, nunc obtusissima, infra medium — 
angustata, basi obtuse v. leviter cordata, glabra, levia at 
leviter bullata, costa media venisque majoribus primariis — 
v. transversis subtus prominentibus, supra leviter impressis, 
rete venularum parum conspicua. Panicula pedalis, termi- 
nalis. Flores parvi, secus ramos fasciculati. Pedicelli 4 lin. 
longi. Perigonium 1 lin. longum, laciniis orbiculatis car- 
nosulis. Styli apice capitato-stigmatosi, papilloso-hispidi. 
Bacca ovoidea, 3-4 lin. diametro, tubo perigonii | 
ultra medium baccæ attingente, lobis appressis. 
vix partem adheruntem superans, albumine lobato sub- 
ruminato.—On the Rio Branco, Schomburgk, n. 825. p 

849. C. pubescens, Linn. Spec. p. 323.—A tree of about 30 
feet, not differing, as far as the specimens show, from the. 
West Indian form of this species.—On the upper Rupu- 
noony, Schomburgk. d 

849. C. excelsa, sp. n., scandens, foliis ovatis breviter 


FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA. 625 


acuminatis basi rotundatis cordatisve supra glabris v. ad 
venas impressas puberulis, subtus ferrugineo-pubescenti- 
bus, racemis folio brevioribus, pedicellis perigonio sublon- 
gioribus bracteam vix æquantibus, perigonii tubo lobis multo 
breviore. — Caulis lignosus, super arbores alte scandens. 
Ramuli juniores ferrugineo-pubescentes, demum glabrati 
verrucosi. Vagine breves. Folia pleraque 6-8 poll. longa, 
4-5 poll. lata, petiolo subsemipollicari, nonnulla tamen multo 
minora, omnia subcoriacea, supra siccitate nigricantia et 
venis exceptis glabra, subtus pube brevi ferruginea vestita, 
nervis reteque majore venarum valde prominentibus. Racemi 
laxiusculi, secus ramos ad axillas foliorum delapsorum, v. in 
axillis foliorum subfasciculati, 2-3-pollicares, flexuosi, a basi 
floridi.  Bracteæ exteriores demum 1 lin. longe, a basi 
membranacez, truncate, extus minutissime puberule. Flores 
plerique abortu masculi, nonnulli tamen in iisdem racemis 
hermaphroditi. Perigoinum lineam longum, laciniis 5 ro- 
tundatis subæqualibus, tubus brevis carnosus cum disco 
staminifero connatus. Stamina 8, in omnibus floribus tam 
hermaphroditis quam masculis consimilia, nec unquam abor- 
tiva videntur. Ovarium in floribus hermaphroditis sessile, 
obtuse trigonum, superne attenuatum. Styli apice leviter 
incrassati, vix capitati, tenuiter papillosi, et forte flores quos 
vidi non vere fertiles sunt, etsi ovulum adest, ut videtur per- 
fectum. Ovarium in floribus masculis minimum est v. omnino 
evanescit.— British Guiana, Schomburgk, lst Coll, n. 400, 
?nd. Coll. n. 218, (128).* Ex 
In Forsyth’s herbarium, I found, under the name of C. 
scandens, an imperfect specimen of a plant gathered by 
Anderson in Saint Lucia, very much like the above, but with 
the leaves perfectly smooth, the racemes much longer, and 
the bracts very small. These are the only two species as yet 
known to be climbers. | 


* The plants of the 2nd Collection were many of them gathered by Mr. 
Richard Schomburgk, brother of Sir Robert, who accompanied him on 
account of the Royal Herbarium, Berlin, and the numbers inserted last Pd 
onthe labels or within a parenthesis, are those given to these specimens in — 3 


- the Berlin collection. 


626 FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA. 3 


850. C. parimensis, sp. n., arborescens, glaberrima, foliis 
ovatis breviter acuminatis basi rotundatis cordatisve, venis ma- — — 
joribus supra impressis, racemis folio brevioribus, pedicellis 
perigonio longioribus bracteas vix equantibus, perigonii tubo 
lobis multo breviore.—Inflorescentia, bracteæ, flores et fo- 
liorum forma C. excelse; sed arbor est parva v. frutex elatus 
non scandens, et praeterea differt glabritie. Folia majora 6-7 
poll. longa, 4-5 poll. lata. Ovarium in floribus quos exami- 
navi semper adest, sed styli rami vix apice capitati, nec 
aes distincte papillosi.—Rio Parime, Schomburgk. Host- . 
manns n. 245, from Surinam, may possibly be a variety of 
the same species. 

851. C. marginata, sp. n., glabra, foliis obovali-oblongis 
breviter acuminatis basi obtusis venis majoribus supra im- 
pressis marginibus anguste sursum involutis, racemis folio 
brevioribus, pedicellis perigonio bracteaque brevioribus, peri- - 
gonii tubo lobis multo breviore.— Folia pleraque 4-5 poll. 
longa, 2-24 poll. lata, chartacea, venis majoribus subtus pro- 
minentibus, rete venularum tenui. Racemi 5-10-pollicares, gra- 
ciles. Bracteæ late, vix semilinea longiores. Flores C. excelse- 
—British Guiana, Schomburgk, 2nd. Coll. n. 118 (216). 

The singular manner in which the margin of the leaves is 
turned back upon the upper surface to the breadth of about 
half a line, if it be not accidental, readily distinguishes this 
species from all others I am acquainted with. In my 
specimen all the leaves are thus bordered, without any 
appearance of disease, or of the work of any insect. .— : 

852. C. striata, sp. n., glaberrima, vaginis basi striatis, 
foliis ovatis acuminatis basi rotundatis cordatisve utrinque reti- 
culato-venulosis, racemis folio longioribus tenuibus, bracteis 
minutis, perigonii subsessilis laciniis tubo carnoso subbreviori- 
bus stamina superantibus, bacca coronata.— Ramuli sub foliis 
insigniter striati et szepe inflati. Vaginæ membranacea, trun- 
cate. Petioli breves. Folia 3-4 poll. longa, 2-24 poll. lata, 
tenuia, rigida, siccitate flavicantia, venulis utrinque conspicuis, 
subtus vix magis quam supra prominulis. Racemi 4-5-po 
cares, rhachi lentis rigida. Flores solitarii v. fascicul 
angusti, 1 lin. longi, limbo primum erecto, demum ri 


FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA, 627 


laciniis ovatis, Stamina parva. Styli subulati, apice breviter 
incrassato-stigmatosi. Bacca junior tubo calycis adnato 
inclusa, lobis persistentibus apice coronata, maturam non 
vidi.— British Guiana, Schomburgk, 2nd Coll. n. 929 (1265). 

853. C. ovata, sp. n., glaberrima, foliis ovatis utrinque 
obtusis tenuiter coriaceis utrinque reticulato-venulosis, race- 
mis folio longioribus rigidulis, pedicellis perigonio bracteaque 
multo brevioribus, perigonii laciniis tubo suo longioribus, 
staminibus exsertis.—Frutex ramosissimus, ramorum cortice 
levi. Ramuli juniores sub foliis striatuli. Vaginæ membra- 
naceæ, truncate, 2-3 lin. longæ, hinc fisse. Folia latitudine 
valde variabilia, pleraque 2-3 poll. longa, 12-2 poll. lata, 
utrinque lucida, rigida, insigniter reticulata, siccitate fu- 
scescentia. Racemi 4-6-pollicares, fere a basi floriferi. 
Bracteæ subtendentes carinatæ, lineam longe, margine an- 
gustius scariose quam in speciebus affinibus. Perigonium 
patens, tubo brevi carnoso, laciniis fere lineam longis, orbi- 
culatis. Styli apice capitato-stigmatosi.—On the Essequibo 
and Rupunoony, and on the Rio Negro in North Brasil, 
Schomburgk, 1st Coll. n. 531 and 893. 

This species appears to have an extensive range, if specimens 
which I have from various parts of tropical Brasil and from the 
West Indies are, as they appear to be, referrible to it. It 
agrees in many respects with the characters given of C. obtu- 

-sifolia, Jacq., but the leaves, though variable in form, are 
never so narrow as those described by Jacquin ; nor does the 
inflorescence agree at all with that attributed to the C. micro- 
stachya, Willd., which is said to differ chiefly from C. obtusi- 
folia, by its TE leaves. ` 

854. C. lucidula, sp. n., ramulis ferrugineo-puberulis mox 
glabratis, foliis oblongis subobovatisve acuminatis tenuiter 
subcoriaceis ue reticulato-venosis glabris nitidulis, 
racemis folio plerisque brevioribus, perigonii subsessilis 
laciniis tubo suo longioribus, staminibus perigonium æquan- — 
tibus. — Ramuli tenues, teretes, cortice cinereo. Vagine 
puberulæ, oblique truncate, 3-4 lin. longe, anguste.  Petioli 
vaginis breviores, raro 2 lin. longi, Folia 23-33 poll. longa, 


628 FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA. 


1-1i poll. lata, rigidula sed tenuiora quam in C. obovata, © 
acumine longiore v. breviore acuto v. obtusiusculo, basi 
rotundata v. cuneata; venatio C. obovate sed folia utriuque 
nitidiora. Racemi 11-2. pollicares, floribus numerosis parvis. 
Bracteæ non scariose, parvæ, uti rhachis tenuissime tomen- - 
telle.  Perigonii lacinie patentissime, tubo cum disco 
staminifero leviter carnoso. Styli breves apice capitato-stig- 
matosi.— British Guiana, Schomburgk, 2nd. Coll. n. Me 
(1262). 

855. Triplaris Vahliana, Fisch. Mey. ex C. A. Mey. pe. 
Polyg. p. 14.—British Guiana, Schomburgk, 2nd Coll. n. 880 
(1522). 5 
856. T. surinamensis, Cham. — C. A. Mey. l. c., var. cras- 
sifolia.—On the Creek Longjohn, on the upper Essequibo. 
Schomburgk, 1st Coll. n. 223. 

'The tufts of hairs in the axils of the veins on the un 
side of the leaves are often very small, and in many leaves 
disappear altogether, and the inner lobes of the perigon 
in the female flowers and fruit are but shortly adherent to th 
tube ; yet I can perceive no essential difference between 
these specimens and Hostmann’s n. 439 and 1188 from 
Surinam, and Martin's Cayenne specimens, which I consid 
to belong to the true T. surinamensis. The inner segments 
of the perigon in the flower are lanceolate-subulate, as 
the fruit advances they wither up a little laterally, so as 
to become linear-subulate. i 

857. T. Schomburgkiana, sp. n., foliis amplis E uec u 
que villosis, paniculæ masculæ ramis longis floribundis, 
floribus parvis subrotatis, perigonii fceminei laciniis inte- 
rioribus ovatis obtusis petaloideis ovarium æquantibus.- 
Species distinctissima. Folia que vidi maxima 10 
longa, 6 poll. lata, utrinque acutiuscula, more generis : 
et longitudinaliter plicata, pube ferruginea appressa i 
gina superiore scabriuscula, in inferiore molliore co p 


pedales ad pedales, a basi dense floridi. irse ix li 


FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA. 629 


longe, late, concave, longe ciliate. ^ Flores subsessiles. 
 Perigonii tubus abbreviatus, limbus rotato-expansus, 14 lin. 
diametro, laciniis parum inæqualibus obovato-oblongis apice 
extus barbatis. Stamina breviter exserta. Panicula fœminea 
(unica quam vidi) multo minor, pariter hirsutissima, Brac- 
tex exteriores acuminate, 4 lin. longe, antice per anthesin 
more generis aperte.  Perigonium bracteam æquans, hirsu- 
tissimum ; laciniæ exteriores oblonge, tubo suo vix longiores; 
interiores ad basin tubi inserte, ovario appressæ, tubum 
perigonii æquantes. Styli rami perigonium subæquantes, 
acuti, fere a basi papilloso-hirti. Fructus non vidi.— British 
Guiana, Schomburgk, 1st. Coll. (not numbered). 

858. Ruprechtia tenuiflora, sp. n., foliis lanceolatis glabris, 
perigonii fructiferi breviter pedicellati minute puberuli laciniis 
exterioribus linearibus v. anguste oblongis quam achenium 
dimidio saltem longioribus.—Arbor parva, ramulis brevibus 
teretibus. Vaginæ stipulares breves, caducissimæ. Folia 
breviter petiolata, maxima 4-5 poll longa, 2 poll. lata, 
pleraque tamen 2-3 poll. longa, 6-10 lin. lata, acuta v. obtu- 
siuscula, basi angustata, tenuiter coriacea, supra interdum 
nitidula, venis tamen utrinque conspicuis, glaberrima nisi 
primo juventute pilosiuscula. Racemi compositi, folio bre- 
viores, uti flores breviter tomentoso-pubescentes. Flores 
masculi secus ramos  inflorescentie fasciculati, bracteis 
minimis suffulti. Pedicelli lineam longi cum flore decidui. 
. Perigonium patens, 6-partitum, segmentis late ovatis extus. 
. puberulis obtusis lineæ paullo brevioribus, interioribus vix 
minoribus. Stamina 9, exserta. Flores fœminei secus ramos 
solitarii v. per 2-3 fasciculati. Bracteæ iis maris similes. 
Pedicelli ejusdem longitudine nec in fructu accreti. Peri- 
. . Bgonium viridi-flavescens, pubescens, tubo brevissimo trigono- 
| turbinato ; laciniæ exteriores lineares 14 lin. longæ ; interiores. 
setaceæ, dimidio breviores. Staminum rudimenta minuta, vix 
nisi ope lentis perspicua, Ovarium perigonio brevius, ob- 
.. longo-trigonum, pubescens, angulis laciniis exterioribus peri- 
. &onii oppositis. Stigmata 3, linearia, acuta, divergentia, fere — 
a basi papilloso-hirta, —Perigonii fructiferi tubus brevis, 


630 FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA. 


obtuse trigonus, laciniæ exteriores cum angulis tubi continue, 
6 lin. longe, 1 lin. late, crassiuscule, molliter et tenuiter 
puberulæ, aveniæ, 3 interiores setiformes, 1 lin. longæ. Cap- 
sula oblonga, superne attenuata, 3-4 lin. longa, stylorum 
vestigiis coronata, trisulca, sulcis laciniis interioribus peri- 
gonii oppositis, intus sulcis intromissis semitrilocularis. Semen 
e basi cavitatis erectum, stipitatum, profunde trisuleum.— 
Pedrero, on the Rio Negro, Schomburgk, \st. Coll. n. 924, 
(female specimens), and n. 957, (male specimens). 

'The above species resembles R. salicifolia in the shape 
of the leaves, but the habit is much more rigid, and the 
perigon, especially when in fruit, very different in shape. 

859. R. brachystachya, sp.n., foliis ovatis oblongis sublan- 
ceolatisve, perigonii fructiferi subsessilis minute pubescentis 
laciniis ovato-oblongis achænium æquantibus v. vix superan- 
tibus.—Specimina quz vidi deflorata sunt, fructibus plerisque 
fere maturis. Rami breves, ramosissimi. Folia latiora et 
obtusiora quam in R. tenuiflora, in uno specimine pleraque 
1-1} poll. longa, 6-9 lin. lata, in altero 2-3 poll. longa, 1-13 
poll. lata. Fructus in racemis brevibus conferti. Bracteæ 
minute. Perigonium basi in pedicellum brevissimum longe 
attenuatum, 6 lin. longum, tubo incluso trigono sesqui-lineari, 
molliter at brevissime pubescens, laciniis exterioribus con- 
cavis obtusis medio 2 lin. latis, interioribus setaceis dimidio 
brevioribus. Achenium profunde trisulcum, sulcis intromis- 
sis semi-triloculare. Semen e basi cavitatis funiculo flexuoso 


stipitatum, obtuse trigonum, ruminato-sulcatum. Embryo in 2 
apice albuminis brevis, axilis, radicula supera, cotyledonibus — 


latis tenuibus subflexuosis.—British Guiana, Schomburgk, 9 
single specimen from the Ist Coll, and n. 345 (541) of 
the 2nd Coll. 

860. Symmeria paniculata, gen. nov.—Frequent on the d 
banks of the upper Essequibo, Schomburgk, 1st Coll. n. 138. E 


Char. gen. Symmerta. Flores dioici. Masculi: Perigonium - - 
sexpartitum, segmentis orbiculatis patentibus, 3 exterioribus — 
minoribus. Stamina indefinita (ultra 20). Ovarii rudimentum — — 


nullum. Fœminei: Perigonium sexpartitum, segmentis * 


FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA. 631 


exterioribus parvis, angulis ovarii oppositis, 3 interioribus 
duplo majoribus faciebus ovarii arete adnatis. Ovarium tri- 
quetrum. Stigmata 3, sessilia, brevia, lobata. ^ Perigonii 
fructiferi lacinic interiores valde auctæ membranaceo-foliaceæ 
fructui acutissime triquetro arcte adnate. Pericarpiun tenue. 
Semen triquetrum, ruminato-rugosum ? — S. paniculata, 
species unica. Arbor habitu Triplaridi affinis. Ramuli ju- 
niores ferrugineo-tomentosi, mox glabrati. Petioli dilatati, 
breviter vaginantes, semipollicares ad pollicares. Folia ovalia 
V. oblongo-elliptica, 6-10 poll. longa, 2-4 poll. lata, apice 
obtusa, margine integerrima, basi obtusa v. leviter cordata, 
glabra, rigide membranacea, costa media venisque parallelis 
subtus prominulis, rete venularum vix conspicua. Panicula 
mascula pedalis, divaricato-ramosa, ferrugineo-tomentella. 
Flores parvi, secus ramos graciles per 3-5 glomerati, glome- 
rulis inter se distantibus bracteis minutis suffultis. Pedicelli 
perigonio breviores. Perigonii laciniæ interiores vix lineam 
longe. Stamina ultra 20, perigonium subæquantia ; antheræ 
majuscule, breviter oblongæ, biloculares. Panicula foeminea 
mari brevior, confertior. Inflorescentia eandem legem se- 
quitur, pedicellis tamen proportione longioribus. Perigonii 
laciniæ interiores ab ovario non separabiles, 1 lin, longe. 
Fructus (nondum maturus) cum perigonii laciniis interioribus 
auctus, in specimine 7 lin. longus, triquetro-pyramidatis, 
angulis subalatis, faciebus prope basin 4-5 lin. latis, laciniis 
Perigonii summo apice brevissime liberis ceterum arcte 
adnatis ; laciniæ exteriores sub angulis horizontalibus persis- 
tentes et iis dimidio brevioribus. Pericarpium tenue stig- 
matum vestigiis coronatum. Semen jam formam illius Tri- 
Dlaridis sumere incipit. 


THYMELEACEÆ. 


. The genera of this order, as usually characterized, were in 
the greatest confusion, very unnaturally marked out by 
characters often of very little importance. Dr. Meissner has 
lately reduced to their proper limits the South African and 
some of the Asiatic genera, and it is to be hoped that he will 


632 -FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA. 


revise the whole order for the Prodromus. In the meantime, 
Dr. C. A. Meyer, in the Bulletin of the Academy of St. Pe- 
tersburgh, has proposed a generic distribution which appears 
very satisfactory with relation to the European, Asiatic, and 
a portion of the American species, but which may require 
some modification as to the latter, when more of them shall 
have been examined. Nordmannia, for instance, (if I am not 
right in the plant I consider to be N. tinifolia), well distin- 
guished by the stamens adnate to the lobes of the corolla, is, 
by the more or less complete abortion of the organs of one sex, 
usually dicecious, not truly hermaphrodite, and has small scales 
round the base of the ovary. It is a natural genus, containing at 
least half-a-dozen American species, including Daphne salici- 
folia, H.B.K., D. cestrifolia, H.B.K., D. Bonplandiana, Kunth, 
(vix Cham. Schlecht)* and some unpublished species. The only 
species of the order contained amongst Schomburgk’s plants, 
belong to genera perfectly distinct from any I am acquainted - 
with. | 

861. Lasiadenia rupestris, gen. nov.—Rocks at Pedrero, on 
the Rio Negro, 1st Coll. n. 899. 

Char. Gen. LaAsrADENIA. Perigonii tubus tenuis; limbi 
lobi 5, patentes; faux esquamata, Stamina 10, quarum 5 in 
medio tubo, 5 infra faucem inserta, omnia inclusa ; antheræ 
oblonge, biloculares. Squame hypogyne 5, minute. Ova- 
rium oblongum, hirsutissimum. Stylus tenuis, brevis, apice A 
expansus in stigma crasso-capitatum, costis 10 verticalibus — 
papillosis instructum. Ovulum unicum e summo apice. 
cavitatis pendulum. (Fructus ignotus).— L. rupestris, species - 
unica. Frutex humilis, divaricato-ramosissimus. Ramuli i 
tenues, juniores sericeo-pilosuli, mox glabrati. Folia alterna, —— 
subsessilia, ex ovato lanceolata, 1-2 poll. longa, 6-10 lin. lata, ——— 


* D. Bonplandiana, Cham. Schlecht. (which I, have not seen), with a 
glandular ring round the ovary, forms Meyer's genus Hargasseria, Galeotti’s 
specimens from the same locality (n. 523) have on the contrary the cha- 


racter described by Kunth, and appear to me without doubt to be: con 
genera with Nordmannia tinifolia. 


FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA, 633 


acuta v. obtusa. basi rotundata v. truncata, supra sparse et 
appresse pilosa, subtus pube subsericea pallentia v. candi- 
cantia. Pedunculi terminales, a folio terminali 2-6 lin. longi, 
Canescenti-tomentosi, graciles, apice capitulum ferunt 3-6 
florum, bractea parva subulata subtensum. Flores sessiles, 
albi. Perigonii tubus semipollicaris, leviter incurvas, tenuis, 
Canescenti-tomentosus, 10-striatus, intus glaber; limbi lobi 
lanceolati, 3 lin. longi, extus dense intus tenuius cano-tomen- 
tosi. Squamule hypogynæ minute, longe barbato-hispide. 
Ovarium in fundo perigonii 1 lin. longum. Stylus ovario 
brevior. 

862. Goodallia guianensis, gen. n.—On the brook Curassa- 
Waka, a tributary of the Rupunoony, Schomburgk, 1st Coll. 
n. 142, in part. 

Char. gen. Goopanura. Flores dioici. Masculi: Perigo- 
gonium late tubulosum 5-fidum, tubo intus villoso, limbo 
erecto, Stamina 10, ad faucem inserta, perigonio breviora, 
5 lobis alterna paullo breviora. Squame perigyne prope 
basin tubi 10, lineares, glabræ. Ovarii rudimentum nullum 
Y. minimum. Fœminei: Perigonium et squame perigynæ 
marium. Stamina nulla. Squamule hypogynæ minutissimæ 
longe hispide. Ovarium hirsutissimum. Stylus filiformis, 

revis , apice dilatatus, in stigma crassum capitatum undique 
papillosum. Ovulum unicum, ex apice cavitatis pendulum. 
Fructus vix carnosus, perigonio parum aucto inclusus, 
©voideus, apice attenuatus, hispidus. Semen pendulum, 
u conforme; testa crustacea; albumen nullum; radicula 
Supera ; cotyledones crassæ convexæ.—G. guianensis. Frutex 
elatus, ramis divaricatis ramosissimis, ramulis ultimis tenuibus, 
novellis sericeo-pilosulis, mox glabris puncticulatis. Folia ia 
petiolo vix unquam lineam longo pollicaria v. paullo minora, 
1-9 lin. lata, basi cuneata v. rotundata, margine integerrima, 
Consistentia et colore illa Maprouneæ referentia, glaberrima, - 
pennivenia, venis utrinque prominulis sæpe purpurascentibus. | 
Spice capituleformes ad apices ramulorum sessiles, fœmineæ 
. 3-5-floræ, masculæ interdum 6-7-flore. Perigonium mascu- 
lum 2} lin. longum, laciniis lineari-lanceolatis tubum æquan- 
|. VOL. Iv, : : AAA 


634 FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA. 


tibus extus uti tubus sericeo-canescentibus, intus glabrioribus; 
tubus intus sub fauce hirsutissimus, basi glabrior sed ima — — 
basi iterum hirsutus. Perigonium fœmineum masculo paullo — 
majus, basi intus circa ovarium pilorum fasciculos 5 fovens 
e squamulis minutis ortos. Stamina marium glaberrima, 
antheris erectis adnatis bilocularibus, loculis longitudinaliter 
dehiscentibus. Ovarium tubo perigonii foeminei paullo bre- 
vius, stylo tubum breviter excedente. Perigonium fructi- 
ferum vix 4 lin. longum. 

The only genus to which this one comes at all near in 
character is Lagetta, from which it is amply distinguished 
by the pentamerous flowers perfectly dicecious, and other —— 
characters, besides a very different habit. I havegreatplea- 
sure in dedicating it to the distinguished young artist who 
accompanied Sir Robert Schomburgk in his second expe- 
dition, and brought home a beautiful set of views of various 
palms and other trees in their natural stations, besides pes 
valuable botanical drawings. 

863. Goodallia guianensis, var.? parvifolia, foliis oblongis 
ellipticisve obtusis mucronulatis subtus ramulisque sericeo- 
pubescentibus. — Specimen unicum vidi femineum. Ra- 
muli virgati. Folia 4-6 lin. longa, 14-3 lin. lata, petiolo 
lineam longo. Perigonia quam in typo majora, longius |. 
pedicellata ; cæterum florum et fructuum structura omnino 
eadem.—Sent by Schomburgk with the last under the same 
number, and possibly gathered from the same bush, but the fo- 
liage and branches are so very different as to leave it doubt 
whether they do not belong even to a distinct species. - we 


ACANTHACEZÆ. 


X 


(Determined and described by Professor NEES VON EsENDECK- ) 


864. Mendozia puberula, Mart.— British Guiana, Schom- 
burgk, Ist. Coll. (single specimen), 2nd Coll. n. 352 e H 
865. Hygrophila guianensis, Nees ab E., sp. n., caule 
erecto subsimplici profunde quadrangulari lateribus excavatis 
apice sparsim piloso, foliis lanceolatis basi “porn ps 


FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA, 635 


attenuatis sessilibus subrepandis supra preesertim secundum 
costam mediam densissime lineolatis basi ciliatis, costis 7-8 
debilibus subtus hirtulis, verticillis completis paucifloris, 
calycibus ad medium usque 5-fidis laciniisque subulatis spar- 
sim pilosis.—Differt ab H. conferta et H. salicifolia foliis 
haud petioli longi in speciem basi attenuatis, apice etiam 
minus attenuatis acumineque obtusiori. Proxima sane ac- 
cedit H. Jacustri, cauli etiam rubro, sed differt hirsutie, licet 
sparsa, folisque brevioribus (24 poll. longis, 5-6 lin. latis) 
Statu sicco circa costam in pagina superiore tanquam umbra 
Canescente, a lineolis confertissimis orta, suffusis, calyce piloso 
aliisque. Corolla calyce paullo longior. Capsula fusca. (Nees). 
— British Guiana, Schomburgk, 2nd Coll. n. 331 (291). 

.. R66. Stemonacanthus Humboltianus, Nees ab E., glaber, 
foliis oppositis ovato-oblongis in acumen angustum obtusum 
plus minus attenuatis, thyrso terminali nudo, bracteis- par- 
tialibus brevissimis ovatis, pedicellis calycibusque canescenti- 
Scabris subglandulosis.—Ruellia Humboldtiana, Klotzsch in 
Moritz Pl. Cub.—var. f. caule rhachique thyrsi tenuioribus 
foliis laxioribus magisque ovali-oblongis et utrinque acutis, 
thyrso 1-13 poll. longo subsimplici spiciformi, corollis paullo 
gracilioribus. (Nees).—Mountainous region near the Hyacon 
Cataract, Schomburgk, 1st. Coll. 

867. Dipteracanthus humilis, Nees ab E.—Ruellia humilis, 
Pohl in herb. Vindob.—var. B. diffusus.—British Guiana, 
Schomburgk, 1st Coll. 

868. D. canescens, Nees ab E., cano-pubescens, caule her- 

procumbente adscendente erectove, foliis oblongo- 
lanceolatis sessilibus obtusiusculis repando-crenatis integer- 
Timisque, floribus axillaribus oppositis solitariis geminisve 
Subsessilibus, bracteolis nullis (aut caducis?) calycis laciniis 
lineari-subulatis hirsutis, corolle infundibuliformis tubo 
fauces amplas obconicas æquante, limbi laciniis ovatis.—A. 
D. geminiflora differt pubescentia densiore incana, foliis angus- 
tioribus, corollæ faciebus paullo, magis inflatis, an var. ? Ad 
basin calycis cicatricule lineares transversales bracteolarum 
Sedem prodere videntur, in multis tamen que examini sub- 

E : 2 AAA? 


636 FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA. 


jeci, bracteolam reperire frustra laboravi. (Nees).— British 
Guiana, Schomburgk, ist. Coll. n. 377, 2nd Coll. n. 291 
(477). 

869. Teliostachya alopecuroidea, Nees ab E.— Ruellia 
alopecuroidea, VaAl.— British Guiana ; Schomburgk, 1st. Coll. 
n. 555 ; French Guiana, Leprieur, Herb. Par. n. 165. 

870. Thyrsacanthus Schomburgkianus, Nees ab E., ramis 
subtetragonis angulis laevibus, racemo terminali elongato longe 
pedunculato glanduloso-pubescente, floribus distantibus op- 
positis (inferioribus seepe geminis ternisve) secundis, pedun- 
culis recurvatis, corolla tubulose limbo brevi.—Differt a T. 
dissitifloro, Nees ab E. corolla pollicari, limbo fere regulari, 
laciniis ovatis parum patentibus; reliqua congruunt. Folia 
in utraque stirpe argute cuspidata, variant a longitudine. 
spithamæa ad 3 poll. (Nees).—British Guiana, Schomburgk, 
2nd Coll. n. 157 (110.) 

871. Aphelandra pectinata, Herb. Willd.—British Guiana, 
Schomburgk, 1st. Coll. n. 180. 

872. A. pulcherrima, Jacq.—British Guiana, Schomburgk, 
2nd Coll. n. 109 (38). : 

873. Beloperone Schomburgkiana, Nees ab E., spica termi- 
nali composita thyrsoidea imbricata basi foliosa, bracteis 
lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis bracteolisque linearibus longe 
ciliatis, foliis lanceolatis acuminatis utrinque pubescentibus, 
caule glabro, antherarum locellis una super altero distantibus, : 
inferiore calcarato.—Rami divaricati. Folia 21-3 poll. longa, . 
6 lin. lata, integerrima, basi acuta, apice attenuata acumine 
obtusiusculo, costis quinis utraque pagina sparsim pubescen- 
tibus. Spica terminalis constat e spicis simplicis axillaribus - 
oppositis altera breviore, unguicularibus, superioribus valde | 
approximatis, omnibus secundifloris. Bractec et bracteolæ - 
conformes, 5-6 lin. longe, pubescentes, ciliate. Calycis la- 
ciniz 5 lin. long, lineari-lanceolatee, acuminate, pubescentes, 
margine membranaceæ nec ciliate. Corolla pollicaris, glabra, 
coccinea, labii inferioris trifidi laciniæ oblongo-lineares, obtuse; 
subæquales. Fructus desideratur. (Nees).— British Guiana, 
Schomburgk, 1st Coll. (single specimen). UTE) ACD 


THREE SPECIES OF PLANTS FROM UPPER INDIA. 637 


874. Beloperone? calcyina, Nees ab E., thyrso terminali 
denso ramis inferioribus verticillatis, bracteis bracteisque 
setaceis calyce multo brevioribus, calycis brevipedicellati 
laciniis lineari-acuminatis longissimis, caule herbaceo glabro, 
foliis amplis ovali-oblongis cuspidatis in petiolum attenuatis 
supra glabris nitidisque subtus subtilissime velutinis, antheræ 
locellis calcaratis (suboppositis et connectivo oblongo discre- 
tis).  (Nees).—British Guiana, Schomburgk, 1st. Coll. (single 
specimen). 

875. Rhytiglossa pectoralis, Nees ab E.—Justicia pecto- 
re Linn.—British Guiana, Schomburgk, 2nd Coll. n. 176 

141). 

876. Leptostachya Martiana, Nees ab E.—British Guiana, 
Schomburgk, 1st. Coll. n. 305. 

877. Sericographis caripensis, Nees ab E.—Justicia cari- 
pensis, Humb. et Kunth..—British Guiana, Schomburgk, 2nd 
Coll. n. 190 (134). 

878. Amphiscopia polystachya, Nees ab E.—Justicia poly- 
Stachya, Vahl.—French Guiana, Herb. Par. n. 165. 

879. A. cayennensis, Nees ab E.—French Guiana, Herb. 
Par. n. 163. 

880. Dicliptera ciliaris, Juss.— British Guiana, Schomburgk, 
Ast. Coll. n. 192. 

(To be continued.) 


— 


Description of Three Species of Plants from Upper INDIA, 
collected by Dn. Tuos. Tnuowsow, H.E.I.C.S. and Dr. 
Bacon, H.E.I.C.S. with three plates. | 

(Tass. XX, XXI, and XXII.) 


l. GENTIANA (Chondrophyllum) cephalodes, Edgeworth ; 
“ caule filiformi apice folis paucis capitulum 3-4 florum 
involucrantibus, capsula breviter stipitata apice rotundata 
ciliolata emarginata, stylo bifido utrinque reflexo.” - Edge- 
| worth in Linn. Soc, Trans. ined, (Tas. XE sub nomine 7 
G. Baconi.) 


638 THREE SPECIES OF PLANTS FROM UPPER INDIA. 


HaB. Nepaul, Dr. Bacon, (in Herb. Thomson); also gathered 
by Mr. Edgeworth on the Himalayah, at an elevation of 
5000 feet. 

* Annua, 1-2 pollicaris. Caulis erectus, teres, basi nudus, 
apice capitulum parvum 4-5florum folis involucratum ge- 
rens. Folia 4-6, sessilia, late obovata, obtusa, mucronata, 
interiora minora, decussatim opposita, arcte involucrantia. 
Flores in capitulum sessiles. Calyæ membranaceus, 5-dentatus, 
laciniis nervo medio subherbaceo acutis mucronatis corollæ 
plicis æquantibus. Corolla 5-fida, intus nuda, laciniæ an- 
guste acute, plicæ integre, v. 2-3-dentate. Stamina 
ad medium tubi inserta, filamentis filiformibus, antheris 
parvis versatilibus luteis. Ovarium breviter stipitatum, cu- 
neato-obovatum, apice stylis brevibus filiformibus liberis 
utrinque revolutis, stigmatibus apicalibus introrsis extus pu- 
berulis. Capsula bivalvis, valvis ad medium patentibus re- 
flexis, apice rotundatis emarginatis ciliolatis. Semina ovoidea, 
testa nervis crassiusculis reticulata.— Species distinctissimi E 
affinis videtur G. marginale." Edgeworth. = 

When the accompanying figure of this plant was prepared, we - 
were not aware of its having been described for the Transact- 
tions of the Linnzan Society by Mr. Edgeworth, who kindly 
permits the above description to be taken from his manu-- 
scripts. 

Tas. XX. Fig. 1. A flower; f. 2. corolla leid open; 
Jf. 3. capsule; f. 4. seed; all magnified. 

2. SAXIFRAGA diveraifoRáj Wall.; pilosa, caule erecto fo- 
lioso, foliis polymorphis inferioribus petiolatis ovatis corda- - 
tisve subacutis, caulinis plerumque sessilibus integerrimis | 
discoloribus reticulatim venosis superne creberrime punc" — 
tatis, floribus corymbosis, pedicellis bracteis calycibusque — 
glanduloso-pilosis, sepalis patentibus, petalis late spathu- - 

latis basi glandulis 4 longe stipitatis instructis. (Tas. 

XXI.) Var. B: parnassiolia, Ser. MSS. in DC. Prodr. 

v. 4, p. 44. gei 
Has. Kamaon; Dr. Bacon, (in Herb. Thomson.) _ 

A vey bösta species, with something the habit y our = 


THREE SPECIES OF PLANTS FROM UPPER INDIA. 639 


S. Hirculus, but quite different in the foliage. We entirely 
agree with De Candolle in uniting under one specific name 
the S. lanceolata, Moorcroftiana and parnassifolia of Wallich's 
herbarium. 

Tan. XXI.—Fig. 1. Front, and f. 2. back view of a flower; 
J. 3. corolla; magnified. 
3. Cicenp1a Rowburghii, Griseb.; caule erecto tetragono 

vage trichotome ramoso, foliis late ovatis oblongisve sub- 

acutis, pedunculis ad apices ramulorum trifloris aliis 
axillaribus 1-3 floris, calycis laciniis acuminatis corollam 
superantibus. (Tas. XXII.)—C. Rowburghii, Griseb. Mo- 

nogr. Gent. p. 160. Hopea dichotoma, Vahl, Enum. v. 1. 

P- 3. Pladera pusilla, Roxb. v. 1. p. 419. Canscora, Rem. 

et Schultes, Mant. p. 230. : 
Han. Mooredabad, Upper India; Dr. T. Thomson. 

Pusilla, 4 une, alta. Caulis erectus subfastigiatim ramosus, 
ad angulos tenuissime alatus. Folia patula sub 1 unc. longa. 
Inflorescentia dichotoma, floribus ternis et in axilla ra- 
morum solitariis, interdum axillaribus. Calyx campanu- 
latus, laciniis tubum æquantibus gradatim attenuatis. Co- 
rolla tubo subinflato, limbo quinquelobo, {lobis revolutis 
oblongis acutis. Stamina 5, quorum 4 sterilia. Ovarium 
elliptico-oblongum. Stylus elongatus, stigmatibus 2 divari- 
eatis, 

This species has a very wide range, namely, from the base 
of the Himalayah Mountains southward to Madras, in the 
Peninsula of India. It is selected, as a hitherto unfigured 
Plant, along with the two accompanying ones, from a rich and 
beautifully preserved Herbarium, formed in Upper India by 
Dr. Thos. Thomson, some of whose valuable observations on 
the Botany of those regions we hope soon to bring before 
the public. T 
Tan. XXII.— Fig. 1. Flower; f. 2. corolla; f. 3. corolla, laid 
open; f. 4. transverse section of ovary ;—magnified. dg gene 


640 ON FITCHIA, A NEW GENUS OF COMPOSIT.E. 


On Firoura, a New Genus of arborescent Composita, (Trib. 
Cichoraceæ), from ErizABETH Isuanp, (lat. 26°, long. 
1259 W.) in the South Pacific, by J. D. Hooker, M.D. 
R.N. F.L.S. 


(Tass. XXIII, XXIV.) 


Cuar. Gen.—Capitulum multiflorum, monoicum. Jnvo- 
lucrum imbricatum, squamis coriaceo-carnosis sub 3-seriatis. 
Receptaculum planiusculum, paleaceum, foveolatum, margini- 
bus nudis. Flores masculi ligulati, perplurimi, ligulis recurvis 
pubescentibus, filamentis elongatis tortis superne articulatis, 
antheris ecaudatis stylo apice obscure bidentato. Achenium 
valde compressum, appresse sericeo-pilosum ; pappus bise- 
tosus setis elongatis hispidulis. Flores feminei ignoti.— 
Arbor, v. frutex, glaberrima. Rami nudi, cicatricati, apices 
versus foliosi. Folia opposita, longe petiolata, late ovato-cor- 
data, obtusa, integerrima. Capitulum magnum, terminale, 80- 
litarium, nutans, pedunculo elongato. 

1. Frrcnia nutans, Hook. fil. (Tas. XXIII, XXIV.) 
Has. Elizabeth Island, in the South Pacific Ocean, (Cuming, 

m. 1424.) 

. Rami validi, crassitie digitæ minoris, lignosi, cortice pal- 
be favo tecti. Folia ad apices ramorum opposita; petiolt 
graciles, patentes, 2-pollicares, basi in stipulas latas connatas 


dilatati; Jamina 3 unc. longa et 2 lata, plana, subcoriaceæ —— 
opaca, utrinque glaberrima, creberrime reticulatim venosa; 
venis primariis patentibus, siccitate fusco-brunnea, subtus 


pallidiora. Pedunculus terminalis, arcuatus, nudus, sub 2 
unc.longus, superne dilatatus, involucro subintrusus. Ca- 
pitulum magnum, 14 unc. diametro. Involucrum latissime 2 
campanulatum, squamis imbricatis late orbiculatis carnosis 


marginibus integerrimis v. laceris membranaceis. Recepta- —— 


culum latiusculum. Palee lanceolate, acuminate, achænia — 
longiores. Corolle 4 unc. longs, radiantes, exteriores TE — — 
curvee, tubo gradatim ampliato, limbo apice 3-4 dentato, den — 
tibus subulatis ciliatis. Filamenta corolla æquilonga, fli- 
formia, inter se torta. Anthere elongate, in apicem sub ; 
gatam productae, loculis linearibus basi brevissime bicuspi- 


ON FITCHIA, A NEW GENUS OF COMPOSITÆ. 64l 


datis. Pollen globosum, echinulatum. Stylus elongatus, 
filiformis, superne tetragonus, scaberulus, apice contracto 
brevissime bicruri, ramis divergentibus. Achenium vacuum, 
lineari-oblongum, basi apiceque truncatum, dense sericeo- pi- 
losum antice obscure carinatum. Pappus bisetosus, setis 2 
validis hispido-pilosis corolla brevioribus. 

À very noble plant, belonging to a new genus which will 
rank next to Rea of Bertero and Decaisne. I have named it 
in honour of one who is well known as a most accurate and 
elegant Botanical artist, Mr. Walter Fitch, to whose pencil 
are due the plates of this work, of the Icones Plantarum, of 
the last twelve volumes of the Botanical Magazine, and of the 
greater part of the Flora Antarctica. 

Arborescent Composite, belonging to genera wholly dif- 
fering from those found on continents, often occur in 
insular positions, and at once give a character to the 
landscape and to the Botany of the island they inhabit. 
This remark applies invariably to islands whose other ve- 
getation differs from that of the neighbouring lands ; and also, 
in a certain degree, to isolated spots, where the Botany is not 
of such a confined nature. Thus, in St. Helena, of which the 
entire Flora is specifically different from that of either Africa or 
America, the Composite are invariably frutescent or arbores- 
cent, belonging to 4 genera, all confined to the island, and 
together containing 10 species. New Zealand probably ranks, 
SO far as we at present know, next to St. Helena in pecu- 
liarity, though from its size it partakes of a continental vege- 
fation in the number of its genera, those of Composite 
amount probably to 30, including 60 species ; the arborescent 
are 8, with nearly 14 species, the latter all restricted to New 
Zealand, as are 5 of the former. The island of Juan Fernandez 
exhibits but few peculiar genera, though the species are almost 
wholly unlike those of the neighbouring coast of Chili. As far 
as I have ascertained, the Composite there amount to 17, dis- 
tributed amongst 8 genera ; 3 of them, containing 12 species, 
are arborescent, and grow nowhere else. — = o 
~ The Galapago Islands have a very remarkable Flora, more 


649 ON FITCHIA, A NEW GENUS OF COMPOSITÆ. 


than half the native flowering plants being different from those 
of the American continent. Twenty-one are Composite, (di- 
vided into 13 genera), all but one peculiar; 3 of these genera 
are arborescent or frutescent, and include 8 species. 
Elizabeth Island is situated in the Pacific Ocean, and 
although we know little of its Botanical productions, there 
is every probability that they are, in a great measure, identical 
with those of Pitcairn’s, and other islands of the Low Archi- 
pelago, and the Society groups; all which are considered to 
rank under one Botanical region, including all the South 
Sea Floras. What I-would particularly notice here is, that in — 
none of these are any arborescent Cichoracee seen, or if —— 
Cichoracee at all, certainly none allied to Fitchia. This 
occurrence of a plant which appears characteristic of an — — 
American island, at the western extremity of a very widely — 
extended Botanical region, (wholly unlike the American), is 
a very singular fact, and we cannot help combining it with the 
circumstance, that, except Ducie's and Easter Islands, Eliza- 
beth Island lies nearer Juan Fernandez, (where arborescent —— 
Cichoracee chiefly abound), than any of the Pacific group. — 3 
Thus there is a sort of union of two widely different and fno 
separated Floras, at the approximating point of their geogra- — — 
phical positions, and not caused by specific identity, which — 
migration would explain satisfactorily to many, but depen- 
dent on botanical characters, indicating an affinity equally 
decided, but of a far more puzzling nature. d 
I may conclude with a remark on the South Sea Flora 1n 
general. The similarity between the vegetable productions of 
all the Pacific groups is such as to have induced Botanists p 
consider them but subdivisions of one extended botanical — 
region. The similarity is, however, more apparent than real, and d 
mainly owing to the prevalence of some conspicuous littoral A 
species, with other plants transported by man to these isolated 
spots, as they were successively inhabited. There has been 
in short, a migration of man and plants from the westward, 
all over the Pacific Archipelago; but Iam inclined to suspect 
that these introduced species are superadded to a Flora that 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 643 


had already existed on the principal islands. Thus, taking the 
Sandwich group and Society group as an instance, both are 
situated in nearly the same longitude, equally distant from 
the Equator, one in the 20th north, and the other in 
the 27th degree of south latitude. They contain 50 
flowering plants in common, a considerable proportion 
of which are littoral species, equally natives of the other 
Pacific Islands (almost none, however, inhabiting the 
American shores :) in other respects their Floras are wholly 
dissimilar. Few or no marked genera are common to both 
with representative species in each. The Society Island 
vegetation is the poorest, the most tropical in forms, and the 
least peculiar, differing from that of the Sandwich group in 
possessing more Malvacee, Leguminose, Myrtacee, Melas- 
tomacee, Cucurbitacee, Apocynee, Urticee, and particularly 
Orchidacee ; and wanting, or nearly so, the Composite, Lobe- 
liacee, Goodenovie, and Cyrtandree of the Sandwich Islands, 
which are very numerous, peculiar and characteristic there: 
whilst of such Orders as Graminee, Cyperacee, Euphorbia- 
cee, Solanee, Convolvulacee and Rubiacee, well represented 
in both, there exist but few species, and no peculiar genera, 
common to the two groups. 

"Tas. XXIII and XXIV. Fig. 1. Palea; f. 2. floret; f. 3. 
stamen ; f. 4, apex of style; f. 5. fruit; all magnified. — 


|. BOTANICAL INFORMATION. ied 


ZEYHER AND BURKE; 


South African Collections of Plants. 


Mr. Charles L. Zeyher is favourably known to science 
from the many years (not less then twenty-one) that he 
has devoted to studying and collecting plants in distant 
. Tegions. His first collections were made, we believe, in the 


Mauritius, in company with the unfortunate Sieber: but the - 


644 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


larger portion of his time has been spent, as Botanists are 
well aware, in South Africa, and much of it in company with 
Ecklon. Since Ecklon left the Cape of Good Hope, Mr. Zeyher 
has made many journeys and passed a long while at Uiten- 
hage, with the vegetation of which district our Herbaria are 
greatly enriched through his means. But the most remark- 
able of his journeys was performed in company with Mr. 
Burke, who, as already mentioned in the 2nd volume of this 
Journal, p. 163, was charged by the Earl of Derby to under- 
take a Natural History mission into the interior, towards the 
tropics, in a direction north of Uitenhage, when they reached 
a district called Macalisberg, in the 24th degree of S. latitude. 
Mr. Burke's rough Journal having been placed in our 
hands through the kindness of Lord Derby, we are sure 
we shall gratify our readers by some brief extracts from it, 
which will at least serve to show some of the difficulties to 
which travellers are exposed in that less than half civilized 
country. | 
In December, 1839, Mr. Burke sailed for the Cape, where 
he arrived in the middle of March, and after paying his. 
respects to Baron Ludwig, the eminent cultivator of rare 
plants and a distinguished patron of every branch of Natural 
History, he proceeded to Vyge-Kraal, the residence of the 
Rev. Mr. Fry, under whose direction and with whose assis- 
tance, preparations were to be made for the distant journey, 
and where a waggon was already awaiting him. MU 
On May the 21st, Mr. Burke observes, * every thing 19 - 
ready for our departure towards Uitenhage, whence We 
take our journey for the interior, and where I am fo be 
joined by Mr. Zeyher, and two more waggons. Jones (one 
of Lord Derby's under-gardeners, and accustomed to the 
charge of animals, who had gone out with Mr. Burke) will : 
go by sea to Algoa Bay, carrying our barter-goods, powder, — 


&e., and will bring back living animals, which have —— 


been collected there and at Uitenhage, and return to England 
with them and with others which are at Vyge-Kraal. On the | 
afternoon of this day, Punyer, an assistant, and myself left : 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 645 


Vyge-Kraal with one waggon, a Hottentot driver and leader, 
and fourteen very poor oxen, which we are assured, will im- 
prove in the good country we may expect soon to reach. 
Hardly, however, had we left Mr. Fry's door, than one of the 
wheelers fell down and the waggon passed over him, though - 
without doing him much harm, and another ox appearing too 
weak to go far, we left these two animals behind and pursued 
our way with only twelve. The stubborness of some of 
our cattle, and the debility of others, compelled us to make 
an early halt for the night, and leaving Punyer to take 
care of the waggon, I returned to Vyge-Kraal. The follow- 
ing morning we started with the full complement of oxen, 
intending to reach Pompion's Kraal, and were within four 
miles of it, when the animals gave in, and we let them 
all loose, hoping to find them fresh next day, but were 
disappointed, for we had to lead two for some way, and 
finally to leave them behind us, while we sent the waggon 
on to Pompion's Kraal. At this place I received disheart- 
ening intelligence from a man who had been sent far up the 
country to purchase beasts. The small-pox had broken out 
among his people, and he was obliged to leave them ill in 
the field, where he fears that many must have died, the 
farmers being so ‘terrified by the disease that they refused 
to afford help, or to allow any traveller even to approach 
their dwellings. 

_ We stopped two days at Pompion’s Kraal to recruit our 
oxen, and at last found it necessary to start with twelve, leaving 
the other two with their heads on the ground, apparently 
dying. The weather was very bad, heavy rain and much 
lightning, and to add to our troubles, some dogs found out 
Our stock of meat, and stole it at night from the back of the 
waggon, where we kept it rolled in a sheep’s skin. The rain - 
too put out our fire, so that we were unable to cook any sup- 
Per. On the 26th of May we halted by a small stream near 
Berg River, where I gathered several pretty species of Ozalis, 

_ not known in England. Ithink that the difficulty which cul- — — 3 
~ fivators find in making Cape bulbs succeed with us, is — 


646. BOTANICAL INFORMATION, 


due to the circumstance of the plants being taken up while — 
in bloom. Thus, the tubers of these Oxalides are not matured, —— 
and I fear they will perish. Such plants should be removed 

in a dormant state. Punyer had the good fortune to catch 
two hares, a welcome addition to our food, after the loss 

of all our meat. 

We were detained two days by the swollen state of the 
Berg River and spent the time in trying to purchase provi- 
sions for the journey, which we found it difficult to do, 
from the prevailing dread of small-pox. One lean sheep and 
a few loaves of bread were all we could procure. The oxen 
gave us much trouble by straying and wandering into the 
neighbouring farms, where they were detained by the owners —— 
for payment of pretended damages. An English settler and " 
his family were also waiting to cross the river; he had been — 
on his way to Cape Town to purchase goods, but the report - 
of small pox arrested him, and he now only desired to get 
safe back to Sneuberg, and we were happily enabled to give 
mutual aid, and all of us got over the Berg River on the 29th, - 
and to the Outspan place at Koopman’s River on the 30th. 4 
The afternoon of the 31st was spent at that interesting — 
ravine, called the Neu Kloof. It is about a mile long, with — 
lofty mountains on either side, and the Little Berg River 
winding through the bottom. The rocks are covered with 
shrubs and flowers; I noticed several Proteas, numerous Spe" — 
cies of Aloe, Mesembryanthemum, Helichrysum and Oxalis, Hal- y 
leria lucida, Richardia, and many other striking plants. The 
way through the Kloof, is dreadfully rough and our poor 
oxen found it hard work to get the waggon over the enor- 
mous stones. A toll of nine-pence was demanded for keepins 
the Kloof in repair, which I am confident must be all profit, 
for not a trace of human workmanship can be descried. Such 
is the fear of small-pox, that the toll-keeper would not come 
to take the money, but requested me to lay it on the grount» 
and we had lost sight of the place before he had ventur' 
to emerge and pick it up. Slowly proceeding for the next 
two days, we came to Breede River, weary and half-famis! 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 647 


the cattle nearly exhausted, and ourselves unable to purchase 
provisions, owing to the prevalent dread of contagious disease. 
The hyænas prowled about us constantly, and would pro- 
bably have made prize of our oxen at night, if they had not 
been too lean to be worth catching. It was most disheartening 
to contemplate the long journey before us with such cattle, 
and if I could have afforded it, I should have purchased a new 
team; for the farmers, who are well aware of the nature of 
the country, were continually assuring us we should never 
get them half way to Uitenhage. The weather too was cold 
and rainy. 
On the 4th of June, we arrived at a village called Worcester, 
where we met with still worse treatment, for not content 
with denying us any provisions for our money, the inhabi- 
tants threatened us with imprisonment for coming thither 
without a certificate of health from Cape Town. However, 
they were too anxious to be rid of us to fulfil this menace, 
and finally sold us a little bread and salt beef to hasten our 
departure. I was persuaded to let the people of the waggon 
have some brandy to keep up their spirits, and having given 
Punyer a bottle for this purpose, he served them rather too 
freely, so that. from singing they fell to fighting, but ended 
at last by going quietly to sleep. The next day we proceeded 
to the Hex River, where two of our cattle were knocked up 
by drawing the waggon across it, and the hardships of the 
road, which led us over the same river no fewer than nine 
times in three days, reduced our team to ten beasts, all in 
Pitiful plight, and quite unfit to ascend the Hex River hill, 
Which was our next trial. Accordingly, at one steep place, 
the oxen all stopped, and away went the waggon backwards, 
ing them along the stones and bruising them severely. 
The cold frosty nights and barren ground which affords hardly 
ny food, give the poor creatures no chance of recovery. The 
‘Soil is generally a mixture of gravel and clay, sprinkled with 
x stunted Mesembryanthemums, and, here and there, a Euphor- 
E bia; I also saw Loranthus elegans in flower. = = = | 
~ The same state of things prevailed for a fortnight. Though _ et 


648 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


much rain fell, the ground looked everywhere parched. At 
one place, we came to a swarm of locusts and spent a whole 
hour in passing through them. It is difficult to imagine 
what these insects could find to eat ; our oxen can hardly pick 
up anything, and they wander so much, that on one occasion 
I had to pay seven dollars to a Dutchman for damage done 
to what he called his garden, where there had been some 
young corn, on which they browsed. The rivers are nearly dry 
and water is often scarce. Near a place, called Hartebeest's 
Fonteyn, I noticed a few ostriches and Spring-boks. 

On the 23rd, we fortunately fell in with a Cape Town 
butcher driving sheep, and bought one of them. It was 
remarkable to see how our dogs ate the locusts, through — 
clouds of which we passed that day. At the Dwaka River, - 
which we reached on the 25th, it seemed expedient to halt, 
that the oxen might be refreshed. A boor, whom we found 
there with his flock, offered to exchange my team for 
oxen, for 200 rix-dollars ; but I cannot afford this sum and 
have therefore no alternative but to push on as far as I can, — 
and then, leaving the cattle and waggon in Punyers charge ——— 
to proceed alone to Uitenhage and send back assistance. It 
seems certain that the cattle cannot go much farther; but 
I shall try night-travelling, for the hot days exhaust us all, the 
thermometer varying from 90? to 95? in the shade. Accord- 
ingly, I set off after sunset on the 27th, went on for six hours, ` 
halted till daybreak and then proceeded for two more hours; — 
which brought us to the Gamtka River, where we spent the — 
day and pursued the same plan next night, till we a 
close to the Zwart-Berg range. lam sorry to say that yum 
tation was so scanty, that we were obliged, on halting, fo —€— 2 
our poor oxen to the yokes, or they would stray so wide we : 
should never recover them. Passing near a cluster of house? — 
the terrified inmates sent us word to go another way A 
lest we should bring them the small-pox ; but as the course 
they indicated would have caused such a circuit that -— 
oxen must have knocked up, I returned for answer that I 
could not leave the regular route to oblige them. No vege 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION, 649 


tation could be descried but a scanty growth of Mesembryan- 
thema. On application at a house, situated rather remote 
from the rest, the owner let me have some bread and other 
provisions ; but said that I must not enter, or the neighbours 
would apprehend infection. The distance that yet lies between 
this place and Uitenhage is considered more trying than all 
our previous journey, because water is particularly scarce. 
Till the 5th of July we continued our journey ata very 
slow pace, ourselves and the cattle suffering severely with 
hunger and thirst. On one occasion I was much disap- 
pointed in not capturing a large ant-eater, which, when 
pursued, took to a hole not big enough to admit him, but 
though another man and I, with a spade, endeavoured to 
dig him out of the ground, he burrowed so actively, making 
the hard soil and stones fly before him, that we, weak and 
fatigued, were obliged to give up the chase. Often we 
travelled all day without drink, and thought ourselves fortu- 
nate to find a pool of dirty and brackish water at night. The 
oxen, which scented water on such occasions from a great 
distance, became sometimes so unruly that we could not 
keep them in the path, though their poor feet were so sore, 
that they had difficulty in standing still; and often seemed 
unable to move. At last, I decided on leaving the waggon 
in Punyer's charge and going forward to Uitenhage for a 
fresh supply of cattle. The leader volunteered to accompany 
me, and the driver to stay with Punyer, and on the 6th we 
accordingly parted company ; but many were the difficulties 
. MY companion and I met with ere reaching Uitenhage. The 
Very first night, when tempted, by the coolness of the air, 
We endeavoured to thread a pass in the Zwart-Berg, we lost 
. OUr way in the bush, and wandered about, narrowly missing 
. ^ fall down a bank upwards of twenty feet high. I also 
. Stumbled into an ant-eater's hole and though no bones were | 
* broken, I found myself much shaken. The nights we re-80 
-frosty and chilly, that it was hopeless to attempt sleeping ; 
And weariness, and we generally found it best to lie down to 
. VOL. Iv. s = BBB 


UN NE eer 
PO EP MS 
Rees i 


650 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


rest during the heat of the day and pursue] our, journey late 
at night and very early in the morning. On the forenoon of 
the 8th, we came to Olifant’s River, and there meeting a - 
boor who was seeking his master’s cattle, he put us in the E 
right track for Uitenhage, and told us of a farm-house where … 
we might procure food; but when we got there, the owner | 
with his family and cattle had gone away to seek grass and 
water,and a Fingoe, who alone was left, was unwilling to 
sell us any provision. However, after some persuasion, he 
let us have a piece of mutton for three shillings, and We — 
roasted it in the bush and made a hearty meal. Thirst was 
our greatest tormentor ; we vainly scratched in the sand ofa — 
periodical river-bed, but could not obtain a drop, and were E 
unable to sleep from the distressing want of drink. The . 
next day, towards evening, we came to a small pool of muddy  — 
though most acceptable water, under a rock, and stretching 
ourselves on a comfortable bed of Mesembryanthemums, got 
some rest. It was, however, no sooner dark, than the 
howling of hyenas and jackals aroused us, and the stars 
being bright, we quitted the fire at midnight to proceed on 
our way; but were quickly entangled in the thick bush, and 
lost several hours in wandering about to recover the tra 
The thorns scratched us, and we got several bruises by falling 
over stones. Daylight enabled us to find the path, 

we went on, among great numbers of dog-faced baboons. 
female ostrich also crossed our way. The hope of reaching & 
farm-house stimulated our exertions ; but when we got there 
just before dusk, the house, to our great disappointment, wa 
deserted, door and windows stopped with mud, and a 
living creature to be seen. My companion was so worn out 
and disheartened, that he fell down and declared he could 89 
no farther, and when I would have persuaded him to proceed, 
availing ourselves of the fair and cool night, he was too much 
afraid of lions to stir from the protecting vicinity of the fire- 
My left leg also was sadly hurt by the falls I had received two 
nights before. Near this house we saw beautiful specif 
of Schottia speciosa, At daybreak we went on, and sui 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 651 


much with thirst, our course lying near the top of a line of 
hills; when, just as my companion had refused to exert him- 
self any more, we suddenly saw beneath us the bed of a large 
periodical river, that branch of the Camtoos called the Groote 
River. Our disappointment was extreme, when we found it 
was perfectly dry; but, by dint of searching, I detected a 
little water in a hole, and having drunk all we could of the 
salt and disagreeable fluid, we lay down to rest. Sleep 
was however out of the question, for the hyznas howled 
so dreadfuliy that we were glad when daylight appeared 
to enable us to pursue our journey. Meeting three waggons 
at a time, I requested some food, but was refused, the people 
could spare none. All day we kept passing numerous speci- 
mens of Aloe Africana, and at one place we went through a 
grove of Opuntia vulgaris, from 10 to 15 feet high. At 
sunset we reached the top of a high hill, where we halted ; no 
firewood could be found and welay down supperless, with 
no prospect of breakfast next day. The cold prevented our 
sleeping, and when soon after daybreak we met a waggon 
and asked for something to eat, we were again refused; but 
the people directed us to cross a hill, where we should find 
a farm-house. We did so, and reached the place about noon ; 
the owner is an English gentleman, named Dr. Jones, and 
he entertained us most hospitably, and my companion 
seeing a Hottentot occupied in skinning an ox which had 
been gored, obtained part of the meat as a provision for our 
Journey. Zamia horrida was very fine in this neighbour- 
hood, ra 

On the following ‘day, the 14th, we arrived at Uitenhage - 
about noon. I observed Plumbago Capensis and Loranthus | 
elegans growing near the track. Mr. Zeyher was here 
awaiting me; but to my great disappointment I found that 
no preparations had been made for the journey into the 
interior, Mr. Jones having neither sent the goods which were 
to have come by sea, nor despatched to Cape Town the 
animals which are still here and at Algoa Bay: Mr. Zeyher - 
Proposed going to Port Elizabeth and I agreed to accompany - 


BBB2 


652 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


him, in hopes of receiving some tidings. "This plan having 
been fulfilled, I returned to Uitenhage, still without news of 
Mr. Jones, and engaged a span of oxen to go and fetch our 
waggon. The Hottentot who had come with me went back 
with the team, that no time might be lost in seeking for the 
waggon; but so reluctant are the owners of cattle to send 
them into the Karroo in this dry season, that three or four 
days more elapsed before the oxen set off. 

As I could not leave Uitenhage without providing that the 
animals procured for the Earl of Derby should be sent 
securely to the Cape, and as Mr. Jones did not arrive, I 
decided on taking the animals myself and bringing back our 
stores and-goods for barter. I therefore proceeded to Port 
Elizabeth, and engaged a passage on board the brigantine 
“Conch.” ‘The animals were shipped, on the 30th of July 
and 1st of August, and the following is a list of them. 

Four ostriches, four spring-boks, one young bush-bok, a 
common gnoo, three spring-hares, and two jackals, two 
Stanley cranes, three Guinea fowls, and five pheasants. — 

We unmoored on the 2nd of August and stood to sea m - 
company with H.M. brig “Curlew.” The weather was fine, 
but a strong breeze soon sprung up, which increasing fo 
heavy gales, the main-stay sail was carried away and we 
shipped much water. The young bush-bok died in two days, 
and when we were obliged to bear up for St. Francis Bay m 
tremendous weather on the 9th, I found all the spring-hares 
also dead. Standing out of the Bay next morning, we mace 
for Table Bay and sighted Table Mountain on the 13th. 
To my great vexation, one of the ostriches thrust his nec 
through the bars of his cage and in his struggles to extricate 
himself was so much injured that I was obliged to kill him. 
It was the 18th ere we landed at Cape Town. On arriving 
I sent a messenger to Mr. Fry, whom I afterwards saw and 
who informs me that a report prevailed that I and my whole 
party had perished in the Karroo, fec 

Another ostrich died before we could remove the anima 
from the ship. Mr. Fry isto take care of them at 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 653 


Kraal till they can be safely transmitted to England ; he will 
forward my goods in the waggon which is to fetch the 
> and I shall convey the baggage with me to Algoa 

ay» ; 
August 20th.—I despatched the animals to Vyge-Kraal, 
and though the articles Mr. Fry was to have sent are not 
come, I am obliged to sail at once for Algoa Bay, my passage 
being secured in the schooner * Louisa," trusting that Mr. 
Fry will forward them by the next ship. Nothing particular 
occurred on the passage to Algoa Bay, and I reached Uiten- 
hage again on the 29th, where I found Punyer with the 
waggon. The * Conch” had been reported as lost. 

From this time to the beginning of November, I remained 
at Uitenhage, in daily hope of receiving the paper, &c., which 
Mr. Fry was to have sent. Several vessels arrived, among 
them the * Conch” went and came twice, and still our goods 
did not appear. For want of drying-paper, I could collect 
few plants; at last, on the 4th, I heard from Mr. Fry that he 
had shipped off my things, but he did not say by what 
vessel, nor send a bill of lading. Punyer is at Port Eliza- 
beth, engaged in attending to birds and animals which are to 
80 on board the “ Vectis” to Cape Town. 


(To be continued.), 


Notes on the VEeGETATION and general character of the 
Missourr and Orecon TERRITORIES, made during a 
Botanical Journey in the State of Missouri, and across the 
South-pass of the Rocky Mountains, to the Pacific, 
during the years 1843 and 1844; by CHARLES À. GEYER. 


(Continued from p. 492.) 
IIL—Or Saline Desert region, commencing about La- 
namie's Fork of Platte River. 
This region has not such easily defined limits as the fore- 
` Boing two, but is scattered widely over the remaining western 
part of the North American continent, Commencing from 
its great centre, about the uppermost sources of the rivers 


654 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


Platte, Arkansas and the Colorado on the West, it comprises 
most part of the higher plains of thesouthern slope of the Rocky 
Mountains, from an approximate elevation of 4,000, down to 
1,200 feet; and follows the new red sandstone formation to 
every point of the compass; northward to the Saskatchawan 
and Lake Winnipeg; south to the Wachita of upper Ar- 
kansas river; east to the mouth of Big Sioux river of the 
Upper Missouri, and even to the Des-Moines river of the 
Upper Mississippi; and, lastly, westward to the Walla- 
Walla, a small tributary of the great Columbia and Oregon 
territory. 

With so great a variety of elevation and extent of territory; — — 
(through nearly 20° of latitude and longitude) it will be - I 
necessary to subdivide the whole into 4 subregions, according 
to their principal features. "The one prevailing feature is that 
of a comparative barrenness and desert-like appearance, some 
small parts of river-valleys only excepted. 

General character of the vegelation.—Kast and westward 
the limits of the Cupulifere and Conifere.—Small groves and - 
thickets of Salicinee !—Eleagnee, conspicuous in the two 
genera Eleagnus and Shephardia !—Station for the greater 
proportion of N. American Chenopodiacee in North America! 
—Hordeaceæ, prominent among the Graminee.—Cichora- — 
cee, Chrysopsidee and Senecionidee among the Compo- 
site !—Representatives of families: Allium striatum, Caly- 
menia angustifolia, Cnicus undulatus, Viola Nuttallii, Bar- 
tonia ornata, Solanum flavidum, Heliotropium Curassavicum, 
Callistegia paradoxa, Triglochin maritimum, Beckmannia, 
Rhus trifoliata !—Disappeared families of the last region: 
Aceree, Chloridee, Malvacee ! — Disappeared conspicuous — 
genera of the former region : Allionia, Delphinium, Carduus, 
Sida, Anemone, Phlox, Lupinus, Polygala, Mammillaria, Echi- 
nacea, Gaura, Melanthium, Cypripedium, Coreopsis, Batschia, — 
Atheropogon, Panicum, Macheranthera, Evolvulus, &c. &c.! — — 

Eleagnus argentea and Shephardia argentea appear in the | 
place of Corylus Americana and Prunus Americana! Amor- 

pha nana in the place of A. canescens. ; o 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 655 


Prevailing colours, white and yellow. "The foliage passing 
through every shade, from deep dull green to silvery white. 

Ist Sub-region.—Extensive depressed tracts of the great 
plains, on the sources of Platte River and the Colorado on 
the West, being subterraneous continuations of the southerly 
spurs of the Black Hills. — They consist of great ranges and 
detached piles of horizontal new red sandstone based on 
deeply inclined masses of the coarsest conglomerate, rarely 
directly on bituminous shale, under the great detached piles, 
or near river-defiles. The depression is about 200 feet 
below the general level of the plains above. 

In traversing the great sandy deserts, the traveller's atten- 
tion is excited by numbers of obtuse conical piles, towering 
above the level of the plains, and forming a sort of belt 
north and south in the south-pass along the horizon.— 
Northward, leaning on the pine- and snow-clad central chain 
of the R. Mountains; southward, losing themselves in the 
endless plains of Upper California. Suddenly the traveller 
finds his course arrested by a precipice, he surveys it with 
wonder, and imagines the exhumed ruins of Herculaneum or 
Pompeii are before him. Spacious streets and avenues of level 
rock, formed by regular ranges of new red sandstones haped 
into grotesque ruins, or high massive piles of conglomerate, 
containing globular, oblong, or columnar boulders imbedded in 
a grayish soft claystone cement. These boulders are of great 
size, smoothed by trituration, sometimes partially freed from 
cement, fronting the main pile and resembling columns, 
Statues or monuments of every shape. On the top rests the 
obtuse, conical cupola remnant of sandstone, surrounded by a 
variety of small turrets, bearing likewise on their summits 
curiously shaped cupolas of greenish or brownish sandstone. 
In another direction is a series of low, oblong, angular 
platforms of sandstone, resembling tombs, or extensive ter- 
races of astonishing regularity, with basins full of brackish 
water; piles of globular boulders, or obelisks, balancing a 
curious block of sandstone, may be met with here and there in 
the spacious plains. The outlets are mostly narrow, dark 


656 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


defiles, and, on passing them, another such monumental city 
of Nature's own work is before the traveller; and not until 
he is so fortunate as to strike upon a river can he again 
resume his direct route. 

An almost total absence of animal and vegetable life, and a 
death-like stillness pervade these regions, which together 
with the want of good water, of grass for the horses, 
and the parching sun of August, rendered this the most 
intolerable place I ever visited in my botanical rambles. Yet —— 
I was not disappointed, for some of the rarest specimens d 
plants in my collection were gathered from one solitary cliff 
within tbis region, about the junction of Ham's and Black's 
rivers, of the uppermost waters of the Colorado on the west. 

A low crest-like ridge of sandstone rises on an isolated massive 
bed of bituminous shale, sloping towards the river from the 
adjacent desert; plains teeming with luxuriant plants of Stan- 
leya viridiflora, Nuttall, &c. Around it grew bushes of the o 
singular Helianthus, No. 96; and below, on the carbonaceous — — 
shale, I found the splendid Hydrophyllum, No. 93, with the — 
Bartonia, No. 95. On the lower part ofthe slope I gathered, E 
partly on a loamy calcareous crust, various Chenopodiace®, — 
and a few Onagrariee, comprising the numbers 92, 94, 100, — 
101, 103 and 104. : 

There is perhaps not another Hydrophylleous plant more - : 
elegant than the above. It is about six inches high, robust — — 
and divided from its base into branches, which bear ample ER 
cymes of long recurved racemes, densely covered with rather | 
small azure-blue or deep indigo-coloured flowers, which by 
their contiguity give a neat semi-globose outline fo the 
plant. The other plants, though rare, are mere botanical | 
curiosities, except a few species of Pentstemon, which were | 
already in seed. On the depressed plains no plants arè- 
visible except a few groups of Onosmodium, n. 164, and an 
arborescent species of Artemisia (cana and tridentata), 
fringing the margin of the adjoining plains; these are the 
only signs of vegetable life. ie 

Of animals we saw none, save a single prowling wolf and : 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 657 


solitary smoky-coloured Emberiza. The latter seemed de- 
lighted with our unexpected visit, and followed us for about - 
ten miles, until sunset ; alighting on our hats, or travelling with 
us, by taking a seat on the crupper, or settling alternately on 
some Artemisia bush. Both these creatures probably had lost 
their way as we three had lost ours. Our bad luck, as we 
called it then, turned out good for us, for by that involuntary 
circuit (of about 90 or 100 miles) we evaded a party of ma- 
rauding Shyenne Indians. 

2nd Sub-region.— Masses of bituminous, or simply carbo- 
naceous shale, bearing castle-like cliffs of horizontal sand- 
stone, elevated above the plains; or lower, and capped with 
a heavy layer of brownish ferrugineous loam, commencing at 
the mouths of Big Sioux and Qui-court, and continuing for 
about 900 miles on both sides up the Missouri to Yellow- 
stone river, with a slight easterly inclination. Carbonized 
organic remains of Ammonites and Orthoceratites are strewed 
over the surface.* This and the following sub-region com- 
prise the * Burnt Hills” of Lewis and Clark. 

The declivities fronting the river are clothed with a spare 
but elegant vegetation, and repay the visitor for the desolate 
aspect of the numberless sandbar-islands in the river. Bor- 
dered by the groups of Juniperus Andina (J. tetragona ?) 
which inhabit the deep protected ravines, a slight shrubbery 
of Shephardia argentea, Ribes aureum, and of Rhus trifolio- 
lata, clothe the base of the hills, further up mingles the 
prettiest of the genus Amorpha (A. nana, Nutt.) with dis- 
persed herbaceous plants. Yucca angustifolia, and some 
species of Guttierezia and frutescent Chenopodiacee fringe 
the cliffs above. à 

The most brilliant flowers are those of the Stanleya pinna- 
tifida, Nuttall; it grows in thick clusters, about three feet 
high, on narrow parapets, forming, for the most part, brilliant 
golden-yellow serpentine lines on the hill-sides, visible at the 
distance of half-a-mile, the racemes being sometimes a foot 


* See J. N. Nicollet's Report, for further geological information. 


658 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


and a half long. It is most abundant about the mouth of 
White River, and very rare further up, where the genus Ho- 
molobus takes its place. Lewis and Clark, in their narrative, 
mention this plant as a sort of an esculent Cabbage ; and Pierre 
Durieu, their guide, related to me, that he himself partook 
of the meal they had prepared from the glaucous cabbage-like 
leaves, after which they all sickened, and violent vomiting 
with convulsions ensued. Astragalus racemosus, Pursh, a 
bushy erect species, two feet high, alternates with the Stan- 
leya, and bears large racemes of showy milk-white flowers. 
Other herbaceous plants, scattered over the lower slopes, are 
the superb Bartonia ornata, Cnicus undulatus, Penststemon 
grandiflorum, ceruleum, cristatum, Erigeron hirsutum and Cy- 
noglossum Nuttallii; finally, the Yucca, with its rich symme- 
trical silvery foliage and floribund scapes, completes the 
vegetation on the crest of the precipice. | 
The loamy slopes above are either naked or clothed with 
annuals, which latter are chiefly Helianthus tubeformis, Che- 
nopodium subspicatum, Kochia dioica, Euphorbia polygoni- 
folia, Hosackia Purshiana and Atriplex argentea. Towards. 
the grassy borders of the adjacent plains are seen groups of 
Seseli triternatum, Allium striatum, Psoralea cuspidata, with 
a few scattered plants of Viola Nuttallii, Schrankea uncinata, 
Erysimum asperum, or Penstemon. | (Enothera cespitosa alone 
thrives on the naked burning arid slopes of loose shale. — 
Loamy saline parts of the river are quite uniform. Trt- 
licum Missuricum forms meadows, enclosing small fields 
of Ceratochloa and Lepturus paniculatus. The only con- 
spicuous plants in such meadows are Solanum flavidum, 
Torrey and James, Donia squarrosa, Helianthus, and some 
plants of Opuntia Missurica. Saline watercourses abound 
with Glycyrrhiza lepidota, Apocynum hypericifolium and — 
Achillea Millefolium; Iva axillaris, Callisteia paradoxa and 
Senecio integerrimus, near rich grassy valleys ; and these agam 
are fringed with Shephardia argentea and Rosa parvifolia. as 
Shephardia argentea is the same shrubby tree which Lewis 
and Clark mention in their narrative as “ Buffalo-berry,” < 


eM men MNCTT MEET EET EET OE 
* 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 659 
“ Graine de bœuf” Not until lately has the fruit of this tree 
been appreciated, which, together with its elegant form and 
foliage, affords an additional recommendation to the culti- 
vator. It is a shrubby tree, at the most fifteen feet high, 
with silvery-green foliage and spinescent branchlets, which 
bear bouquets of bright red berries, becoming diaphanous 
and acquiring a delicious acid when touched by the frost. 
In the gardens of Sir Wm. D. Stewart at Murthly Castle, 
Scotland, I have since seen a number of thriving shrubs, 
which that gentleman had raised from seeds gathered by 
himself on the Upper Missouri. In this species the female 
individuals are rarer than in the Canadian Buckthorn, and 
perhaps more so than in any other N. American dicecious 
ligneous plant. 

The Missouri River is the highway for travellers in this 
region. Travelling is either tedious by low water, or dan- 
gerous during the high water season of the summer months. 
The scenery, on the whole, bears a stamp of uniformity 
Which would be fatiguing, were it not for the abundance 
of animals, especially bisons, which traverse these re- 
gions, followed by packs of the large brown, the white, 
and the little barking prairie Wolf. The monarch of 
animals in these wilds is the grizzly or Missouri Bear, 
(Ursus horribilis), an animal of great size, strength, courage 
and ferocity. He feeds principally on the flesh of the bison, 
but also gathers for his vegetable diet the tubers of Pso- 
ralea esculenta, which he digs up in the gravelly plains, and 


peels with great nicety. Occasionally herds of elk and ante- 


lopes approach the river, and flocks of pelicans sun them- 
selves on the sandbar-islands, or are busy fishing in the 
turbid water. Among reptiles, the rattle-snake is abun- 
dant, especially a long variety with a bright sulphur-yellow 
£round-colour, and pale brown rhomboid markings. The 
“horned frog," as it is called, in reality a curious species of 
lizard, is also found on the tops of the arid hills near the 
great gravelly plains. ts ca 
3rd Sub-region.— Labyrinthine depressed regions, situated 


660 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


about the upper waters of Qui-court, Teton and Shyenne 
Rivers ; they seem to be likewise continuations of the easterly 
spurs of the Black Hills, and consist of vast ranges of 
bituminous shale, generally below the level of the great 
plains, but rising towards the river-valleys. They are cut 
into innumerable, very narrow and intricate, dark defiles or 
channels, with perpendicular sides about 150 feet in height, 
which absorb a brackish dark-brown water; otherwise they 
are analogous to those on the Missouri River, are capped 
with heavy dark loam, contain the same organic remains and 
picas of yellowish pumice stone strewed over their surface; 
and comprise about one half of the “ Burnt Hills" of Lewis. 
and Clark. There is nothing worth mentioning in their ve- 
getation, and these tracts are only interesting to the Geolo- 
gist, in so far as they indicate great part of the saline desert 
region. 

4th Sub-region.—Saline plains; the greatest portion of —— 
them in the immediate neighbourhood of the Black Hills; — . 
stretching round the base of the Rocky Mountains, and 
sloping off, interruptedly, towards S.S.E. A loamy crust, —— 
with the appearance of having been drifted, or an undulated- — 
crested surface, is the general character of the dry saline 
pleins. Large exsiccated flats, perfectly level, and often 
covered with a snowy white crust of soda; some exsi 
swamps being the exception. Swampy river-valleys only are 
covered with a luxuriant vegetation. uade 

The loamy portions of the dry saline plains are we 
centre of the Chenopodiacee in North America, and the 
habitat of Fremontia vermicularis, (Torrey), a many-stemme* 
shrub, from three to eight feet high, with somewhat horizontal _ 
branches, spinescent branchlets and dull-green succulent fo- 
liage. It firmly roots itself in the crest-like saline loam-banks, 
and collects by its many stems and intricate branches ut 
flying sands from the adjacent deserts. The young succulent - 
shoots are used by the trappers as a substitute for salt, and | 
at the same time for a vegetable, by boiling them with their - 
meat. On that account, and from a distant resemblance this 


POT TEGERE 


BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 661 


shrub bears to Juniper, they gave it the name of *Salt 
Cedar," by which it is known to Anglo-American tra- 
vellers. A few more shrubs associate with Fremontia, espe- 
pecially a Bigelovia, (63), the Chenopodiacee, Nos. 62 and 64, 
Iva axillaris, (here a low shrub), and a spiny, silvery, tomen- 
tose Senecioidea, which is very rare.* Besidesall the Cheno- 
podiacee of my collection, there grow here those of the 
Missisippi Valley, and Kochia dioica, Chenopodium rhombi- 
folium, Salsola, &c. Nearer, towards some gravelly ridges, 
appears an intermediate flora of conspicuous flowering plants, 
as Œnothera albicaulis, Calochortus, 68; Sonchus puleaki tis, 
Lygodesma, 156 ; Erigeron, 140; isdem gnaphaloides and 
Erigeron hirsutum, and some scattered dwarf azure-blue Pent- 
stemon. 

Dry saline portions of river-valleys harbour an abundance 
of Cymopterus glaucus and glomeratus, Glycyrrhiza lepidota, 
Phaca, 108; Plantago eriopoda, Castilleia occidentalis, Ferula 
n. 220; Pentetcnan gracilis, Asclepias speciosa and Cleome in- 
tegrifolia, enclosed as it were in a shrubbery of Shephardia 
and Eleagnus ; or of Rosa parvifolia and Amorpha frutescens. 

Wet saline river-valleys abound with a herbaceous variety 
of Iva axillaris, the showy Dodecatheon integrifolium, Iris 
Missuriensis, Triglochin maritimum, the Cichoracea, n. 245, 
but most of all, Carex, n. 48. ! 

Stony exsiccated river-valley swamps are waving with an 
abundance of Hordeum jubatum, mixed with Trichopodium 
laxum, Beckmannia, Ceratochloa and the scattered tall Cala- 
magrostides, cinnoides and Mezicana, rarely are Alopecurus and 
Poa distans found amongst them. The rest of the ground is 
occupied by Calliopsis bicolor, Ranunculus Cymbalaria, Pursh, 
Epilobium coloratum and Herpestes rotundifolia. On the 
stony loamy and sandy margins grow Darlingtonia, Pola- 
nisia, Dalea alopecuroides, Xanthium, Lycopus, Amb = B 
symbrium canescens, &c. &c. 

Many small exsiccated places in — i 


* A specimen in the collection of Sir William Hooker only! the S, Nut- 


a tali? T. and G, 


662 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 


plants not seen elsewhere. On the Missouri, I found 
Castilleia occidentalis filling a small hollow, bordered with 
masses of Heliotropium Curassavicum. Again, near Laramie's 
Fork of the Platte River, some depressions are over- 
run with Lippia cuneifolia and Œnothera, n. 178, scat- 
tered amongst it. This GZnothera and No. 16* are doubtless - 
the two most elegant of the genus in North America; the - 
former is probably new, the corolla white and clear rose- 
colour, variegated with deep purple spots. It has a ligneous - 
prostrate stem. ; 
In localities, shaded by some high bank of earth, on exsie- ? 
cated loam, and even soda crusts, grow dense masses of the | 
Asterea, n. 115, bearing a great number of stems which were | 
remarkably level-topped; generally it was surrounded by 
dense carpets of the small pretty Chrysopsidea, n. 116. _ 
The prevailing white colour among the flowers arises 
from Achillea Millefolium : as Calliopsis bicolor, with Helian- 
thus tubeformis, Stanleya, divers Solidagines and Ranunculi 
produce the yellow. Blue is rare, and only presented by Jr? 
Pentstemon and Lithospermum; red, by Dodecatheon and 
Cleome, is likewise rare. 
Cnas. A. GEYER. 


Dresden, Oct. 14, 1845, 


.* This Œnothera also grows on somewhat saline clayey ue in a very 
small locality, near Scots’ Bluffs. 


VT RI S WM 


ALPHABETICAL INDEX 


OF THE CONTENTS OF THE FOURTH VOLUME OF THE 


LONDON JOURNAL OF BOTA N Y. 


A. 
Abatia parviflora, Ruiz and Pav., (Tab, XVI. D), 


Abyssinian Plants, Schimper’s, noticed, 571. 
ca, South, Excursions and Piants, by Zeyher 


and Burke, 643. 
described by Chevalier 


andrinia Imperatricis 
R. H. Schomburgk, 12 12. 
Antarcticæ, Hooker and Harvey's, 249 and 


: Algae Novæ Zelandiz, Hooker and Harvey's, 521. 
An te ys, 


Patek crams ad Bert | 


. Australia, Fungi 


Planchon on, 474. 
Mec ra Fungi of, by the Rev. M. J. 


Berkel 
Flora of, by Chev. Schomburgk, 
622; and Mr. Miers, (Tab, XIII. XIV), 319, 498. 


me on — Botany of Great ‘Arran 


— —— his disco: f 
«Jrad, 570 =~ very of Helianthemum canum in 
versiones in Piperaceas, Herb. Hook., b 
Dr. Miquel, 410. S aped 
ra, by J. D. Hooker, M.D. mentioned, 


Arran Island Ireland, on the Botany of, by Mr. 


Berkeley, m^ by the Rev. Mr. Rev. Mr. 
— Mr, Grifüth on, noticed, 38. 


B. 


Schoen ia Alexandrine, described by Chevalier 
omburgk, 13 


E NU W. J. H,, identical with Sarco- 


batus, 


: Bentham, [era Esq., Botany of the Voyage of 


H.M.S. Sulphur, noticed, 36. 
~on 577. 
Berkeley, R Tp Ren M31 Decades of Australian Fungi, 


Decades of Australian and North Ameri- 

can Fungi, (Tabs. XI. XII, figs. 1—5), 298. 

~ on Podaxon pistillaris, (Tab. X) tad 
"Ts ma macropus, (Tab. XII, fig. 6), 


Bertya pinifolia, Planch., XVI. A. 
Boissier on Spani ih Botany, 137, 7, 385. vee 


T 


Botany of Spain, Boissier on, 385. 


x 


of Swan River, Drummond da; at 97. 

of the Voyage of H.M.S. Sulphnt, by G. 
Bentham, Esq., noticed, 36. 

Bougueria Novum Plan nearum genus, by De- 
caisne, (Tab. XIX), 567. 

Bourgeaud's Plants of the Canaries, announced, 


Braemar, Botanical Rambles in, by W. Gardiner, 


208. 

Brazil, Flora of, by G. Gardner, 97, 

Bridges, on Bolivian Botany, 571. 

British Botanical Geography, Mr. Wilson on, 199, 

British Mosses, on several new ones, by Mr. W. 
Spruce, 169, 

Burke and Zeyher's Botanical Excursions and Col. - 
lections in South Africa, 643. 


C. 


C Louis, sur la Fleur des Narcisses, 515. - 
es ere B d's Plants of, 497. 
parri P autos of the Philippines, Dr. Montagne ; 


isen Dr. Jameson’s Excursions to it, 473. —— 


Cicendia Roxburghii, Griseb. (Tab. XXII), m 
Cistopteris montana, Mr. W. Wilson on, , 219. 

Composite, arborescent, Dr. 

tribution, 640. 


of California, 
me conn Harvey, (Tabs. IV, V), 76. 
of the Southern Hemisphere, Dr. Hooker 


r ^on their 


on, (Tab. VI), 137. 
Cruciferæ, Harvey on two new Genera, 76. p 
Cryptogamie du tara au Pole Sud, by. Dr. 
Montagne, noticed, : 
Cuming's Cellular Plants gt the Phillippines, illus. : 
trated by C. Montagne, 3. 


. 223. 
Baro; Musée Botanig de, 
Delessert, sis He Benjamin, que " 


ot (Wo new: Gebers of; by E 


664 


em: Earl of, Animals collected for, in South 
frica, 644. 


Suns, Description d’un nouveau genre de, par 
J. E. Planchon, (Tabs. XVII. XVIII), 519. 
Dithyrea Californica, by Dr. W. H. Harvey, (Tab. 


Drummond, on Swan River Botany, 197. 
a. 
Elizabeth Island, a new arborescent Composita 
found there, described by Dr. Hooker, (Tabs. 


XXIII, IV), 640 
Esenbeck, Nees von, Synops. Hepaticar., noticed, 


Euphorbiacées, 2 ion de deux nouveaux 
one de, par J. E. Planchon, (Tabs, XV, XVI. 


, Li 


F. 


Obtusifolius, i 
Wilson, (Tab. IX. B), 196. 

Fitchia, a new arborescent Composita from Eliza- 
beth Island, described by Dr. Hooker, (Tabs. 
XXIII. XXIV), 640, 

Antarctica, by Dr. Hooker, noticed, 30, 

Rossica, by Dr. Ledebour, noticed, 89. 

of P iae America, by Chevalier Schom- 


burgk, 
Fortune, Mr., his Chinese Plants. 
— Australian, Decades of, by the Rey, M. J. 
- Berkeley, (Tabs. 1. ID), 42. 
Decades of, by the Rev. M. J. Berkeley, 
(Tabs. XI. XI. i. 1—5), 298. 


: G. 

: lee A hr o Been 

: ere c, "ee Became to Madras, Coim- 
batore and the Netighe pr Mountains, 393, 551. 


Flora of Brazil, 97. 
cmo cephalodes, an Indian plant. (Tab. XX), 


Texas, 
Gottsche, Lindenberg and Nees von Esenbeck, 
Vicus sg ctii 6. noticed, 47. 
Grifüth, the late Wm., his Work on Salvinia and 
Ast, noticed, 38. 


H. 
mn Dr. W. H., on a New Pa Genus 
from California, (Tab. ITI), 
California, (Tabs. IV. V), 76. 
Hooker, cticæ, 249, 293, 
lgse 521. 


um canum, discovered in dr debat dy 


a Wall. (Tab. XVI. B.) 474. 


| Madras, Coimbatore, and 
Botanical 


INDEX. 


Hepaticæ Antarcticæ Supplementum, by Hooker 
and Taylor, 79. 

Hepaticarum Synopsis of Gottsche, Lindenberg 
and Nees von Esenbeck, noticed, 37. 

Hombron and Jacquinot, Voyage au Pole Sud, Bo- 
tanique, noticed, 28. 

Hooker, Sir W. J., his Icones Plantarum, Vol. IV. 
Part I. n. Ser. announced, 221. 

his Species Filicum, Vol. III. announced, 

210. 

———— (Dr) pw of the Antarctic Voyage, 
noticed, 30. 

on the Coniferæ of the Southern Hemi- 

sphere. Tab. VI, 137. 
on Fitchia, and other arborescent Com- 

posite. (Tabs. XXIII. XXIV.) 640. 

on the Huon Pine. (Tab. VI.) and other 

Coniferæ, 137. 

on Microcachrys, a new genus of Coni- 
feræ, 137. 

—— —— and Harvey, Algæ Nov. Zælandiæ, 521. 

Algæ Antarcticæ, 249, 293. 

and Taylor, Hepaticarum Antarcticæ 

Supplementum, 79. 

Huon Pine, Dacrydium Franklinii, (Tab. VI.) 
described by Dr. Hooker, 137. 


I. 


Ibbotson's Plants of the North of England, an- 
noun 

Icones Plantarum, y by Hooker, Vol, IV. Pt. I. n. 
Ser. noticed, 22 

Illustrationes Pad. Oriental. by Jaubert and 
Spach, noticed, 221. 


inthis: Upper, three Species of Plants from, by - 


. Thomson, 
Iochroma macrocalyx, Benth, (Tabs, XIII. XIV.) 


J. 
Jacquinot and Hombron, Voyage au Pole Sud, 28. 
Jamaica, Purdie's Botanical in, 4 


Jameson, Prof. Wm. Botanical excursion to Salinas, 
on Chimborazo, 378. 


€— and Spach, Illustr. Plant. Oriental. noticed, — 


Jungermannia, M X new British species of, by 
Dr. Taylor, 276. : 

Lasègue, Musée Botanique de M. le Baron Deles- 
sert, noticed, 211. 


L. 


Ledebour, Dr. C. F. de, Flora Rossica, 


noticed, 39. — 
Leefe, Rev. J. E., Salictum Britannicum Exsic- 


catum, noticed, 219. 


Lehmann, Plantae Preissianæ Austral. Occid. ge. x 
Lolo had Di. Ludwig, Scientific Excursions in 


New Holland, 278. 


Lindenberg, Gottsche and Nees DE. Esenbeck, a 


Synopsis Hepaticarum, noticed, 


| Lindley, Professor, Vegetable i iom by, an- 


nounced, 248. 
on the Genus Sarcobatus of Nees, E 


Does by W. H. Harvey, acne) E 


Visit to, by Mr. G. Gardner, 


ie E 
the Neelgherry ! gherry Mi 


Microcachrys, a new Genus of Conifer, and the 
Huon Pine, (Tab. VI.) described by Dr. 
3 Hooker, 137. 
— Miers, John, Esq., on the Botany of S. America 
; (Tabs. XITI. XIV.) 319, 498. 
. Mimoseæ, G. Bentham, Esq., on, 577. 
Miquel, Dr. F. A. G, Animadversiones in Pipera» 
ceas — Hookeriani, 410, 
—— —— Systema Piperacearum, noticed, 33. 
Missouri and Guba Territories, Mr. C. A, Geyer 
"m the Cr er of, 479, 655. 
agne, Dr. C, Cryptogames du Voyage au 
Pole Sud, noticed, 28. et 
22 pene Cellulares Ins. Philipp. e Cuming. 
Mosses, Mr. Spruce on some new British, 169. 
L— —— European, Schimper's, on sale, 571. 
Musée Botanique de M.le Baron Delessert, par 
Lasègue, 21 


N. 


Narcissus, sur la Fleur des, par Louis C 

agnat, 515. 
Neelgherry Mountains, Coimbatore and Madras, 

Botanical Visit to, by G. Gardner, 393, 551. 
Nees von Esenbeck, Gottsche and Lindenberg, 
à Synops. Hepaticarum, noticed, 37. 
. New Holland, Scientific Excursions in, by Dr. Lud- 
À wig Leickhardt, 278. 
Nove Zelandiæ Algæ, by Hooker aud Harvey, 521. 
Oo. 
- E paradoxum, Sir R. H. Schomburgk 
875. 

m and Missouri Territories, their Vegetation 
described by Chas. A. Geyer, 479. 
Oriental Plants, Heldreich's, 496. 


P. 


new Genus of, California, by Dr. W. 
Harvey, (Tab. III.) 73. 

* Islands, on the Cellular plants of, 
ing and described by Mon- 


tagne, 3. 

Piperaceæ .Herbarii Hookeriani, remarks, on by 
Pi Dr. Miquel, 410. 

peracearum Systema, by Dr. Miguel, noticed, 33. 

J. E., Description d'un Nouveau 

des Diosmées, (Tabs. XVII, XVIII), 519. 
Deux Nouveaux Genres des Euphorbia- 
cées, (Tabs. XV, XVII, A), 471. 
7— Sur les Affinités des Genres Henslowia, 
degli et Alzatea, (Tab. XVI, B. C. D.), 


Plantz Cellulares, Ins. Philipp. e Cuming coll. 
Illustr. C. Montagne, 3. 

Podaxon pistillaris, Description of, by the Rev. 

, M. J. Berkeley, (Tab. X.), 291, — * 

Podisoma macropus, Dr. Wyman and Mr. Berke- 

; on, (Tab. XII. fig. 6), 315. 
Preiss, : Plant. Austral, Occid. &c. edid. Ch. 
s n, noticed, 35. 

Prodromus, De Candolle’s 9th volume announced, 

W., his Botanical Travels in Jamaica and 

the West Indies, 14. 

Pyrenees, Plants of, by Mr. Spruce, 197. 

R. 

Tabelisla Philippinensis, Planchon, (Tabs. XVII, 

Raleighia, Henslowia et Alzatea, M. Planchon, 
sur les Genres, Tabs. XVI, B. C. D), 474, 

Rocky Mountai: the Vegi f, by Mr. € 


Op H 
01 


INDEX. 


entere e Geus of Paparerce by W He 


665 


S. 


Salictum Britannicum Exsiccatum, by the Rev. 
J. E. Leefe, noticed, 219. 

Salinas of Chimborazo, Botanical visit to, by Prof. 
Wm. Jameson, 378. 

Salvinia and Azolla, the late W. Griffith’s work on, 
noticed, 38. 

Sarcobatus, Nees, Prof. Lindley on, 1. 

Saxifraga diversifolia, Wall. (Tab. X XI.), 638. 

— Pe Esq, on a New Species of Mamil- 
aria, 136. 

"apo European Mosses, on sale, announced, 


Schomburgk, Sir R. H, on Ophiocaryon para- 
doxum, 375. 
— —— On Two New Plants of British Guiana, 


12. 
———— On the Flora of South America, 622. 
Smith, Mr. John, on Syn ma, a New Genus of 
Ferns, (Tab. VII, VIII.), 166. 
Solaneæ, Miers on the South American, 319, 428. 
South America, on the Botany of, by J. Miers, Esq. 
(Tabs. XIII, XIV.), 319, 428. 
"ns and Jaubert, Y rixas Plantarum Orien- 
Species Filicum, 3rd vol, by Sir W. J. Hooker, 
announced, 210. : 
Spain, on its Botany, by Boissier, 157, 385. 
Spruce, Mr. R., on some New British Mosses, 169. 
Pyrenzean Plants, 197. Z 
Stachystemon vermiculare, Planch. Tab. XV, 471. 
Swan River Botany, by Drummond, 197. 
Syngramma, a New Genus of Ferns, by Mr. J. 
Smith, (Tabs. VII, VILL.), 166. 
Systema Piperacearum, by Dr, Miquel, noticed, 33. 


T. 


Taylor, Dr. Thos., on Six Species of Jungerman- 
nia, new to Britain, 276. $ 

— and Dr. Hooker, Hepatice Antarcticæ 
Supplementum, 79. S 

Texas, proposed Journey to the Mountains of, by 
Mr. Alex, Gordon, 492. ot 

Thomson, Dr. T., Three of Upper Indian 
Piants, 637. 


U. 


Upper India, Three Species of Plants, collected by 
. T. Thomson, 637. s i 


v. 


Vegetable Kingdom, by Lindley, announced, 249. 
Vorner xe Pal er A Brest pe Hombron et 
Jacquinot, noticed, 25. 


W. 


T es Repertorium Botanices Systematic, no- ——— 
ti 


Watson, Hewett, Esq., on the Botanical Geography 
of Britain, 199. 
West Indies, a Botanical Journey to, by Wm. — 
e, 14. ee iue TI 
Willows, British, Rev. J. E. Leefe, noticed, 219, 
Wilson, Win., on Cistopteris montana, 219. — 
issidens Bloxami 


A A a 
new s ‘Fab, IX, å. B.), 195. " 
Wyman aud Berkeley, on À 2 Bari 

(Tab, XII. fg. 6), 345. 


macropus 


666 


INDEX. 


ARRANGEMENT OF THE CHIEF BOTANICAL INFORMATION 


VOL. IV. OF LONDON 


IN 


JOURNAL OF BOTANY, 


Ex BIOGRAPHY. 
Gri th, the late Wm., Memoir of, 371. 


E ANYOF DIFFERENT COUNTRIES, 
AS FOLLOWS: 


EUROPE. 
: Britain. 
N of E: ; Mr. Ibbotson's Plants, 496. 
^ Aran I reland, Mr. Andrews on its produc- 
TF: Se sug 


Braemar, Rambles there by Mr. W. Gardiner, 


- Cist opteris montana, Mr. W. Wilson, on, 219. 

ey of Plants, by Mr. H. Watson, 199. 
Fissidens Biozami and F, obtusifolius, two new 
. Mosses, by Mr. W. Wilson, 195. 

lh eee. Dr. T. Taylor, on six new species, 


Mone. on several new British, by Mr. R. Spruce, 
| Willows, dried, by the Rev. J. Leefe, 219. 
= a Russia. 
oo Flora Rossica, noticed, 39, - 
Bolasler' "Travels in S 
Plants, 


157, 385. 

5.4 Mr. Spruce, 1 iy. 

tt X x | = oa 

Madras and Neelgherry Mountains, Mr. G. Gard- 
ner's visit to, 393. 

Griffith on Salvinia and Azolla, 38. 

Henslowia, Wall, M. Planchon on, 474. 


Cellular Plants of the Philippines, collected by 
Cuming and described by Montagne, 3. 


New Fern from the Phillippines 
Smith." 168. ; : E 


Rabelaisia, a New Genus of Euphorbiaceæ, by 
P.anchon, 519. 

Tlants of Western Asia, Illustr. Plant. Orient. 
by Jaubert and Spach, mentioned, 40. 

Held. eich, Attica, Plants of, 496. 


AFRICA, 


Excursions and Seton in South Africa, by 
urke and Zeyher, 644 
Conifere en the "pe T Good Hope, by Dr. 


Pond. (Norra), 


Mosses of America, Mr. Schimper’s, sn, 
Missonri n Oregon, Mr. Geyer's. Travels 
479, 
< Teras; Mr. A. À. Gordon's proposed J 
: Fungi, by the bag ots 


California lyrocarpa, a new Cruciferous genus, Mr. 
Harvey on. 76. * 


AMERICA, (SouTH.) 


Alexandrinia and Barbacenia, two new Genera from 
British Guiana, by Chev. Schomburgk, 12. 
Bougueria, anew Plantagineous Genus by Decaisne, 


Brazil, Mr. G. Gardner on the Flora of, 97. 

A e Solanez, new Brazilian by Mr. Miers, 
319, 

Chili, Conifers: of, by Dr. Hooker, 137. 


Cotes. Prof, Jameson's visit to, 378. 
— anew Genus, Chev. Sehombürgk ve 


TERRA AUSTRALIS. 


New Holland, Dr. L. Leickhardt's Scientific Ex- 
cursions in the Interior, 278. 

Swan River Botany, by Mr. Drummond, 197. 

Plante Preissianæ, noticed, 39. 

Van Diemen's Land, its Coniferæ, Dr. Hooker on, 


Microcachrys, a new Genus of Conifere, Dr. | 
Hooker on, 149, 1 
dium Franklinii, the Huon Pine, by Dr. - 
Hooker, 137. 
New Zealand eras h by Dr. Hooker, 137. 
of, by the Rev. Mr. Berkeley, 


ze of, by Hooker and Harvey, 249, 
Pr har and "Berya, two new Euphorbia- 


ceous Genera, by Planchon, 470. 
Bertya, several species, 472. 


42, 


West INDIES. 
Botanical Journey, by Mr. Purdie, n. 2 


ANTARCTIC LANDS. E 
Ae à Antarcticæ, by Hooker and Montagne, 249, — 


dites Flora, by Hooker, ge va SL. 1 De 

Cryp ia of the Antarctic Voyage, by Mon- 
tagne, 28 

Hepaticæ Antarctice, by Hooker and Taylor, 79. 

Hombron apd Jacquinot, — au po Sud, 
Botanique, 28. xia 


IsLANDS bee) 


Cape de Verd, Podaxon pistillaris, Rev. Mr. 


Berkeley on, 291. 
Plants collected there by M. ign, 


. 


PLANTS ON ders m 


Bolivia, Mr. Bridges Botanical Excursion there, — 


M 


j T 
- Hi 


Clathrus cancellatus. 


Fig.10 


VoL TV. Tab TIT. 


SN 


XY 


h 


"n 


T LL VEN 


Vol. IV Tab.1V. 


Vo] IV Tab. V. 


V1. 


Vol 1V Tab 


EN 


Salou, v 
XANH 
LE 


Pra a e a 
CC S 


p 


EU 


NUE. 


1 


Vol IV. Tab. Vl 


J. vettaformis 


S. alesmeefolra 
London: H Barlte're, 249, Regent S* 


d, pinnata 


"novam 
For v 


dy 


j 


N990007, 


p, 
7/4 S. - C 


Podaxon prstularis 


London. H Bazlhere, 219, Regent st 


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h, 
y 


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Ps, Hn 


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l 
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€ 


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| à M, 


Y 
4 


Jochrema macrocalyar. | 
Uaddler bith 3 Wellnguom. * Strand. 


Londen. H Bariere, Regent Street: 3 


od 


c 


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— 


Ed 
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Rabelais Phihpmnensis. Planch. ————— S 


Beugueria nabcola, DE 


C PP 


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À Decarsne ficit. 


(yenfinin  Bacer . 


EN 


Tab XXL 


i # 7 
NESTOR EARN I a ioe 


y 


eec HOT eges Meme yo rwr m 
i M Murtfreagt deverspfilia. Wall. WH: e gi vd ington Stunt 


208 Lome Ane reo veo ae 


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Nw" NW, Nu 
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= 


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